WO2005114139A2 - Polymer melt and elastomer extension fixture - Google Patents
Polymer melt and elastomer extension fixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005114139A2 WO2005114139A2 PCT/US2005/016068 US2005016068W WO2005114139A2 WO 2005114139 A2 WO2005114139 A2 WO 2005114139A2 US 2005016068 W US2005016068 W US 2005016068W WO 2005114139 A2 WO2005114139 A2 WO 2005114139A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- moveable
- axis
- fixed cylinder
- moveable cylinder
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010096 film blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/16—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces applied through gearing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/44—Resins; Plastics; Rubber; Leather
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/44—Resins; Plastics; Rubber; Leather
- G01N33/442—Resins; Plastics
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for polymer melt characterization and elastomer testing using a rheometer. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for measuring the extensional properties of a polymer melt or elastomer sample on a rotational rheometer.
- Extensional measurement instruments are used to measure the viscosity and stress relaxation of samples including polymers, elastomers, and rubber compounds. These instruments are also useful in optimizing the throughput of material processing operations. These operations include fiber spinning, film blowing, blow molding, and sheet casting. Extensional measurement instruments are referred to as extensional rheometers.
- U.S. Patent No. 6,578,413 to Sentmanat (the '413 patent) describes different extensional rheometers that have been developed in the prior art.
- the '413 patent describes an extensional rheometer fixture.
- This fixture includes a drive shaft connected to an armature.
- the armature is further connected to a torque shaft, and two rotatable drums are mounted in the armature.
- One end of a sample is connected to each drum. Both drums are rotated, stretching the sample. The torque in the fixture caused by the stretching of the sample is measured.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a system for measuring the extensional properties of a sample that includes an armature, a motor drive shaft, a transducer shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder.
- the motor drive shaft is attached to the armature.
- the moveable cylinder is mounted on the armature.
- the fixed cylinder is attached to the transducer shaft.
- the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder are substantially equal in size.
- the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder are in proximity to one another.
- the sample is attached to the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder so that the portion of the sample not touching the moveable cylinder and not touching the fixed cylinder extends from a tangent of the moveable cylinder to a tangent of the fixed cylinder.
- the moveable cylinder is rotated around an axis of the fixed cylinder by rotating the motor drive shaft at a substantially constant rotation speed.
- the moveable cylinder is also rotated about its own axis at substantially the same substantially constant rotation speed.
- a resistance from the sample is created as the sample is stretched between the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder by the rotation of the moveable cylinder around the axis of the fixed cylinder and the rotation of the moveable cylinder about its own axis.
- a torque on the fixed cylinder is created by the resistance from the sample and is translated to the transducer shaft. This torque on the transducer shaft is measured.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous in that it allows the torque from the sample to be read without needing to account for the effects of friction in the gearing mechanism or the bearings.
- This embodiment is adapted to a separate motor and transducer rheometer.
- the motor drive shaft is driven by the motor of the separate motor and transducer rheometer.
- the transducer shaft is the transducer shaft of the separate motor and transducer rheometer. The torque on the transducer shaft is read directly by the separate motor and transducer rheometer.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a system for measuring the extensional properties of a sample that includes an armature, a motor drive shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder.
- the motor drive shaft is attached to the armature.
- the moveable cylinder is mounted on the armature.
- the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder are substantially equal in size.
- the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder are in proximity to one another.
- the sample is attached to the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder so that the portion of the sample not touching the moveable cylinder and not touching the fixed cylinder extends from a tangent of the moveable cylinder to a tangent of the fixed cylinder.
- the moveable cylinder is rotated around an axis of the fixed cylinder by rotating the motor drive shaft at a substantially constant rotation speed.
- the moveable cylinder is also rotated about its own axis at substantially the same substantially constant rotation speed.
- a resistance from the sample is created as the sample is stretched between the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder by the rotation of the moveable cylinder around the axis of the fixed cylinder and the rotation of the moveable cylinder about its own axis.
- a torque on the moveable cylinder is created by the resistance from the sample. This torque is measured on the moveable cylinder.
- This embodiment is adapted to a combined motor and transducer rheometer.
- the motor drive shaft is driven by the motor of the combined motor and transducer rheometer.
- the fixed cylinder is mounted to a frame of the combined motor and transducer rheometer.
- the torque created by the resistance from the sample is translated through a gearing mechanism to the motor drive shaft.
- the torque on the motor drive shaft due to the resistance from the sample is determined by the combined motor and transducer rheometer.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a system for measuring the extensional properties of a sample that includes an armature, a motor drive shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an axial view of the sample load position of the armature, the moveable cylinder, the fixed cylinder, and the sample of a system for measuring the extensional properties of the sample, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an axial view of the position of the armature, the moveable cylinder, the fixed cylinder, and the sample of a system for measuring the extensional properties of the sample after the moveable cylinder has rotated forty-five degrees around the axis of the fixed cylinder and forty-five degrees about its own axis, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an axial view the position of the armature, the moveable cylinder, the fixed cylinder, and the sample of a system for measuring the extensional properties of the sample after the moveable cylinder has been rotated one hundred thirty-five degrees around the axis of the fixed cylinder and one hundred thirty-five degrees about its own axis, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an axial view of the position of the armature, the moveable cylinder, the fixed cylinder, and the sample of a system for measuring the extensional properties of the sample after the moveable cylinder has rotated two hundred twenty-five degrees around the axis of the fixed cylinder and two hundred twenty-five degrees about its own axis, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a system for measuring the extensional properties of a sample that includes an armature, a motor drive shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, where the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder are axially separated near the end of travel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a flowchart showing a method for measuring the extensional properties of a sample using a system that includes a motor drive shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing a system for measuring the extensional properties of a sample that includes an armature, a motor drive shaft, a transducer shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a flowchart showing a method for measuring the extensional properties of a sample using a system that includes a motor drive shaft, a transducer shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a system for measuring the extensional properties of a sample that includes an armature, a motor drive shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- motor drive shaft 110 is attached to armature 120.
- Moveable cylinder 130 is mounted on armature 120.
- Fixed cylinder 140 is fixed, for example, to a frame or housing 172. Fixed cylinder 140 is located in close proximity to moveable cylinder 130. Decreasing the distance between fixed cylinder 140 and moveable cylinder 130 increases the amount of strain on sample 150 that can be produced per rotation of moveable cylinder 130 about the axis of fixed cylinder 140 and about its own axis.
- the minimum distance possible between fixed cylinder 140 and moveable cylinder 130 is approximately twice the thickness of sample 150 due to the build up of sample 150 on the two cylinders.
- An exemplary sample thickness is about one millimeter.
- a minimum distance between fixed cylinder 140 and moveable cylinder 130 for this exemplary sample is, therefore, about two millimeters.
- the maximum distance between fixed cylinder 140 and moveable cylinder 130 is limited only by the dimensions of the oven into which the invention is placed.
- moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 are aligned in parallel.
- Moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 are substantially equal in size.
- the radius of moveable cylinder 130 is substantially equivalent to the radius of fixed cylinder 140.
- the height of moveable cylinder 130 is substantially equivalent to the height of fixed cylinder 140.
- the height of the cylinders is typically about twenty millimeters and the radius of each of the cylinders is typically about five millimeters.
- Sample 150 is attached to moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 so that the portion of sample 150 not touching moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 extends from a tangent of moveable cylinder 130 to a tangent of the fixed cylinder 140.
- the initial length of sample 150 is, therefore, greater than or equal to the sum of the radius of moveable cylinder 130 and the radius of fixed cylinder 140.
- the initial length of sample 150 that is attached between moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 is substantially orthogonal to both the axis of moveable cylinder 130 and the axis of fixed cylinder 140.
- Sample 150 is stretched between moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 by the rotation of moveable cylinder 130 in two different ways.
- moveable cylinder 130 and armature 120 are rotated around fixed cylinder 140 by rotating motor drive shaft 110 at a substantially constant rotation speed.
- moveable cylinder 130 is rotated about its own axis at substantially the same substantially constant rotation speed.
- moveable gearing mechanism 160 is connected to fixed gearing mechanism 170.
- Fixed gearing mechanism 170 is fixed to, for example, a frame or motor housing 173, which could be the same as or different from housing 172.
- moveable gearing mechanism 160 moves around fixed gearing mechanism 170 causing moveable cylinder 130 to rotate about its own axis.
- Fixed gearing mechanism 170 is not connected to motor drive shaft 110.
- Motor drive shaft 110 rotates moveable cylinder 130 about its own axis at substantially the same time as motor drive shaft 110 rotates moveable cylinder 130 and armature 120 around the axis of fixed cylinder 140.
- moveable cylinder 130 rotates about its own axis in substantially the same angular direction as moveable cylinder 130 rotates around the axis of fixed cylinder 140. In another embodiment, moveable cylinder 130 rotates about its own axis in substantially the opposite angular direction as moveable cylinder 130 rotates around the axis of fixed cylinder 140.
- the length of the portion of sample 150 that is not touching moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 is held substantially constant during the rotation of moveable cylinder 130 and armature 120 around the axis of fixed cylinder 140 and the rotation of moveable cylinder 130 about its own axis. This length is also the portion of sample 150 that is stretched. This "free" length, or stretched length, of sample 150 is supported by moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 at ends tangent to moveable cylinder 130 and tangent to fixed cylinder 140.
- the length of sample 150 taken up by the circumference of moveable cylinder 130 and the length of sample 150 taken up by the circumference of fixed cylinder 140 are substantially equivalent during the rotation of moveable cylinder 130 and armature 120 around the axis of fixed cylinder 140 and the rotation of moveable cylinder 130 about its own axis.
- system 100 is a fixture for a combined motor and transducer (CMT) rheometer (not shown). Motor drive shaft 110 is driven by the motor of the CMT rheometer. Fixed cylinder 140 is mounted to the frame of the CMT rheometer. The torque due to the resistance from sample 150 is translated through gearing mechanism 160 to motor drive shaft 110. This torque is determined by subtracting the torque due to the motor drive mechanism of the CMT rheometer from the total torque measured on motor drive shaft 110. The total torque on motor drive shaft 110 is determined from a motor current of the CMT rheometer.
- CMT combined motor and transducer
- Figure 2 is an axial view 200 of the sample load position of armature 120, moveable cylinder 130, fixed cylinder 140, and sample 150, before moveable cylinder 130 starts moving, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- sample 150 is shown attached from the tangent of moveable cylinder 130 to the tangent of fixed cylinder 140.
- the initial length of sample 150 is, therefore, equal to or greater than the sum of the radius of moveable cylinder 130 and the radius of fixed cylinder 140.
- the radius of moveable cylinder 130 and the radius of fixed cylinder 140 preferably are substantially equivalent.
- moveable cylinder 130 and armature 120 have not yet been rotated and are, therefore, shown at an angle of zero degrees with respect to fixed cylinder 140.
- Arrow 230 shows the position of moveable cylinder 130 with respect to its axis and armature 120.
- Arrow 240 shows the position of fixed cylinder 140 with respect to its axis.
- Figure 3 is an axial view 300 of the position of armature 120, moveable cylinder 130, fixed cylinder 140, and sample 150 after moveable cylinder 130 has rotated forty-five degrees around the axis of fixed cylinder 140 and forty-five degrees about its own axis, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- moveable cylinder 130 and armature 120 have been rotated forty-five degrees at a substantially constant rotation speed around the axis of fixed cylinder 140 in order to stretch sample 150 between moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140.
- moveable cylinder 130 has been rotated forty-five degrees about its own axis at substantially the same substantially constant rotation speed also to stretch sample 150 between moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140.
- the amount of sample 150 taken up on the circumference of moveable cylinder 130 and the amount of sample 150 taken up on the circumference of fixed cylinder 140 is substantially equivalent.
- the length of sample 150 not touching either moveable cylinder 130 or fixed cylinder 140 in view 300 of Figure 3 is substantially equivalent to the length of sample 150 not touching either moveable cylinder 130 or fixed cylinder 140 in view 200 of Figure 2. This is the length of sample 150 providing a resistance.
- Arrow 240 in view 200 of Figure 2 and arrow 240 in view 300 of Figure 3 are in the same location, showing that fixed cylinder 140 has not moved about its axis from view 200 to view 300.
- Arrow 230 has rotated forty-five degrees about the axis of moveable cylinder 130 from view 200 of Figure 2 to view 300 of Figure 3, showing that moveable cylinder 130 has rotated forty-five degrees about its own axis from view 200 to view 300.
- Figure 4 is an axial view 400 of the position of armature 120, moveable cylinder 130, fixed cylinder 140, and sample 150 after moveable cylinder 130 has rotated one hundred thirty-five degrees around the axis of fixed cylinder 140 and one hundred thirty-five degrees about its own axis, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- view 400 more of sample 150 has been taken up on the circumference of moveable cylinder 130 and the circumference of fixed cylinder 140 than in view 300 of Figure 3, while the length of sample 150 not touching moveable cylinder 130 or fixed cylinder 140 has remained the same as it was in view 300.
- Arrow 240 shows that fixed cylinder 140 has not rotated about its axis.
- Arrow 230 shows that moveable cylinder 130 has rotated one hundred thirty-five degrees about its own axis from view 200 of Figure 2 to view 400 of Figure 4.
- Figure 5 is an axial view 500 of the position of armature 120, moveable cylinder 130, fixed cylinder 140, and sample 150 after moveable cylinder 130 has rotated two hundred twenty-five degrees around the axis of fixed cylinder 140 and two hundred twenty-five degrees about its own axis, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- view 500 even more of sample 150 has been taken up on the circumference of moveable cylinder 130 and the circumference of fixed cylinder 140 than in view 400 of Figure 4.
- the length of sample 150 not touching moveable cylinder 130 or fixed cylinder 140 has remained the same as it was in view 400 of Figure 4.
- Arrow 240 shows that fixed cylinder 140 has not rotated about its axis.
- Arrow 230 shows that moveable cylinder 130 has rotated two hundred twenty-five degrees about its axis from view 200 of Figure 2 to view 500 of Figure 5.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a system 600 for measuring the extensional properties of a sample that includes an armature, a motor drive shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, where the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder are axially separated near the end of travel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a mechanism is provided to increase the axial separation of moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 during the rotation of moveable cylinder 130 around the axis of fixed cylinder 140 and about its own axis.
- the length of sample 650 stretched between moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 is not substantially orthogonal to the axis of moveable cylinder 130 and the axis of fixed cylinder 140.
- sample 650 can be taken up in a helical rather than a circular pattern on the circumference of moveable cylinder 130 and the circumference of fixed cylinder 140.
- This helical pattern provides additional space for used sample on both cylinders and allows moveable cylinder 130 to make more than one complete rotation around the axis of fixed cylinder 140 and about its own axis.
- This increase in axial separation allows the length of sample 650 that is stretched between moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 to remain substantially constant as moveable cylinder 130 is rotated around the axis of fixed cylinder 140 and about its own axis.
- moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 The axial separation of moveable cylinder 130 and fixed cylinder 140 is accomplished by moving moveable cylinder 130 along its axis, moving fixed cylinder 140 along its axis, or moving both moveable cylinder 130 along its axis and fixed cylinder 140 along its axis.
- Figure 7 is a flowchart showing a method 700 for measuring the extensional properties of a sample using a system that includes a motor drive shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a moveable cylinder is mounted on a motor drive shaft.
- the moveable cylinder is mounted on the motor drive shaft using an armature.
- step 730 a fixed cylinder is placed in proximity to the moveable cylinder.
- the fixed cylinder and the moveable cylinder are substantially equal in size.
- step 740 a sample is attached to the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder so that the portion of the sample that does not touch either the moveable cylinder or the fixed cylinder extends from a tangent of the moveable cylinder to a tangent of the fixed cylinder.
- step 750 the moveable cylinder is rotated around an axis of the fixed cylinder by rotating the motor drive shaft at a substantially constant rotation speed.
- step 760 the moveable cylinder is rotated about its own axis at substantially the same substantially constant rotation speed.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a system 800 for measuring the extensional properties of a sample that includes an armature, a motor drive shaft, a transducer shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- motor drive shaft 810 is attached to armature 820.
- Moveable cylinder 830 is mounted on armature 820.
- Fixed cylinder 840 is attached to transducer shaft 880. Fixed cylinder 840 is located in close proximity to moveable cylinder 830.
- Decreasing the distance between fixed cylinder 840 and moveable cylinder 830 increases the amount of strain on sample 850 that can be produced per rotation of moveable cylinder 830 about the axis of fixed cylinder 840 and about its own axis.
- the minimum distance possible between fixed cylinder 840 and moveable cylinder 830 is approximately twice the thickness of sample 850 due to the build up of sample 850 on the two cylinders.
- An exemplary sample thickness is about one millimeter.
- a minimum distance between fixed cylinder 840 and moveable cylinder 830 for this exemplary sample is, therefore, about two millimeters.
- the maximum distance between fixed cylinder 840 and moveable cylinder 830 is limited only by the dimensions of the oven into which the invention is placed. In a preferred embodiment of the system, moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 are aligned in parallel.
- Moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 are substantially equal in size.
- the radius of moveable cylinder 830 is substantially equivalent to the radius of fixed cylinder 840.
- the height of moveable cylinder 830 is substantially equivalent to the height of fixed cylinder 840.
- the height of the cylinders is typically about twenty millimeters and the radius of each of the cylinders is typically about five millimeters.
- Sample 850 is attached to moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 so that the portion of sample 850 not touching moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 extends from a tangent of moveable cylinder 830 to a tangent of the fixed cylinder 840.
- the initial length of sample 850 is, therefore, greater than or equal to the sum of the radius of moveable cylinder 830 and the radius of fixed cylinder 840.
- the initial length of sample 850 that is attached between moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 is substantially orthogonal to both the axis of moveable cylinder 830 and the axis of fixed cylinder 840.
- Sample 850 is stretched between moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 by the rotation of moveable cylinder 830 in two different ways.
- moveable cylinder 830 and armature 820 are rotated around fixed cylinder 840 by rotating motor drive shaft 810 at a substantially constant rotation speed.
- moveable cylinder 830 is rotated about its own axis at substantially the same substantially constant rotation speed.
- moveable gearing mechanism 860 is connected to fixed gearing mechanism 870. Fixed gearing mechanism 870 is fixed to, for example, a frame or motor housing 872. As motor drive shaft 810 is turned, moveable gearing mechanism 860 moves around fixed gearing mechanism 870 causing moveable cylinder 830 to rotate about its own axis.
- Fixed gearing mechanism 870 is not connected to motor drive shaft 810.
- Motor drive shaft 810 rotates moveable cylinder 830 about its own axis at substantially the same time as motor drive shaft 810 rotates moveable cylinder 830 and armature 820 around the axis of fixed cylinder 840.
- moveable cylinder 830 rotates about its own axis in substantially the same angular direction as moveable cylinder 830 rotates around the axis of fixed cylinder 840. In another embodiment, moveable cylinder 830 rotates about its own axis in substantially the opposite angular direction as moveable cylinder 830 rotates around the axis of fixed cylinder 840.
- the length of the portion of sample 850 that is not touching moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 is held substantially constant during the rotation of moveable cylinder 830 and armature 820 around the axis of fixed cylinder 840 and the rotation of moveable cylinder 830 about its own axis.
- This length is also the portion of sample 850 that is stretched.
- This "free" length, or stretched length, of sample 850 is supported by moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 at ends tangent to moveable cylinder 830 and tangent to fixed cylinder 840.
- the length of sample 850 taken up by the circumference of moveable cylinder 830 and the length of sample 850 taken up by the circumference of fixed cylinder 840 are substantially equivalent during the rotation of moveable cylinder 830 and armature 820 around the axis of fixed cylinder 840 and the rotation of moveable cylinder 830 about its own axis.
- system 800 is a fixture for a separate motor and transducer (SMT) rheometer (not shown).
- Motor drive shaft 810 is driven by the motor of the SMT rheometer.
- Transducer shaft 880 is the transducer shaft of the SMT rheometer.
- a mechanism is provided to increase the axial separation, or separation along the axes of the cylinders, of moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 during the rotation of moveable cylinder 830 around the axis of fixed cylinder 840 and about its own axis.
- the length of sample 850 stretched between moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 is not substantially orthogonal to the axis of moveable cylinder 830 and the axis of fixed cylinder 840. This allows sample 850 to be taken up in a helical rather than a circular pattern on the circumference of moveable cylinder 830 and the circumference of fixed cylinder 840.
- This helical pattern provides additional space for used sample on both cylinders and allows moveable cylinder 830 to make more than one complete rotation around the axis of fixed cylinder 840 and about its own axis.
- This increase in axial separation allows the length of sample 850 that is stretched between moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 to remain substantially constant as moveable cylinder 830 is rotated around the axis of fixed cylinder 840 and about its own axis.
- the axial separation of moveable cylinder 830 and fixed cylinder 840 is accomplished by moving moveable cylinder 830 along its axis, moving fixed cylinder 840 along its axis, or moving both moveable cylinder 830 along its axis and fixed cylinder 840 along its axis.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a method 900 for measuring the extensional properties of a sample using a system that includes a motor drive shaft, a transducer shaft, a moveable cylinder, and a fixed cylinder, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a moveable cylinder is mounted on a motor drive shaft.
- the moveable cylinder is mounted on the motor drive shaft using an armature.
- a fixed cylinder is attached to a transducer shaft.
- step 940 the fixed cylinder is placed in proximity to the moveable cylinder.
- the fixed cylinder and the moveable cylinder are substantially equal in size.
- step 950 a sample is attached to the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder so that the portion of the sample that does not touch either the moveable cylinder or the fixed cylinder extends from a tangent of the moveable cylinder to a tangent of the fixed cylinder.
- step 960 the moveable cylinder is rotated around an axis of the fixed cylinder by rotating the motor drive shaft at a substantially constant rotation speed.
- step 970 the moveable cylinder is rotated about its own axis at substantially the same substantially constant rotation speed.
- step 980 a resistance from the sample is created as the sample is stretched between the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder by the rotation of the moveable cylinder around the axis of the fixed cylinder and about its own axis.
- step 990 a torque on the transducer shaft is measured. The torque on the transducer shaft is created by the resistance from the sample and is translated to the transducer shaft from the fixed cylinder.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0622817A GB2429299B (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-05-09 | Measuring linear extension using a rotational rheometer |
DE112005001096T DE112005001096B4 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-05-09 | Clamping device for strain measurement of polymer melt and elastomer |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US57047604P | 2004-05-13 | 2004-05-13 | |
US60/570,476 | 2004-05-13 | ||
US10/911,553 | 2004-08-05 | ||
US10/911,553 US7096728B2 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2004-08-05 | Polymer melt and elastomer extension fixture |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005114139A2 true WO2005114139A2 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
WO2005114139A3 WO2005114139A3 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/016068 WO2005114139A2 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-05-09 | Polymer melt and elastomer extension fixture |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE112005001096B4 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2429299B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005114139A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104237073A (en) * | 2013-04-20 | 2014-12-24 | 安东帕有限公司 | Double-motor rheometer with extension assembly |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108072591B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2020-01-17 | 厦门理工学院 | Sample support for polymer melt online stretching and application thereof |
Citations (3)
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US2666324A (en) * | 1951-06-20 | 1954-01-19 | Albert M Stott | Static torsion testing machine and specimen |
US3664182A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1972-05-23 | Thomas W Butler | Tension-torsion testing machine |
US6691569B1 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-17 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Dual windup drum extensional rheometer |
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US4468953A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-09-04 | Rheometrics, Inc. | Viscosity and elasticity of a fluid |
US6578413B2 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2003-06-17 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Dual windup extensional rheometer |
-
2005
- 2005-05-09 WO PCT/US2005/016068 patent/WO2005114139A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-05-09 DE DE112005001096T patent/DE112005001096B4/en active Active
- 2005-05-09 GB GB0622817A patent/GB2429299B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
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US2666324A (en) * | 1951-06-20 | 1954-01-19 | Albert M Stott | Static torsion testing machine and specimen |
US3664182A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1972-05-23 | Thomas W Butler | Tension-torsion testing machine |
US6691569B1 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-17 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Dual windup drum extensional rheometer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PADMANABHAN ET AL.: 'Transient Extensional Viscosity From a Rotational Shear Rheometer Using Fiber-Windup Technique' JOURNAL RHEOLOGY vol. 40, July 1996 - August 1996, pages 473 - 481 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104237073A (en) * | 2013-04-20 | 2014-12-24 | 安东帕有限公司 | Double-motor rheometer with extension assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112005001096B4 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
GB0622817D0 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
WO2005114139A3 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
DE112005001096T5 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
GB2429299B (en) | 2008-11-26 |
GB2429299A (en) | 2007-02-21 |
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