WO2005110384A2 - Apiary veterinary composition - Google Patents

Apiary veterinary composition Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005110384A2
WO2005110384A2 PCT/HU2005/000053 HU2005000053W WO2005110384A2 WO 2005110384 A2 WO2005110384 A2 WO 2005110384A2 HU 2005000053 W HU2005000053 W HU 2005000053W WO 2005110384 A2 WO2005110384 A2 WO 2005110384A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nosema
bees
composition
treatment
disease
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Application number
PCT/HU2005/000053
Other languages
French (fr)
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WO2005110384B1 (en
WO2005110384A3 (en
Inventor
Gyula Orbán
Original Assignee
Chemor Kutató, Fejlesztõ És Kereskedõ Kft.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Chemor Kutató, Fejlesztõ És Kereskedõ Kft. filed Critical Chemor Kutató, Fejlesztõ És Kereskedõ Kft.
Priority to CN2005800158194A priority Critical patent/CN1993133B/en
Priority to AT05745024T priority patent/ATE445403T1/en
Priority to EP05745024A priority patent/EP1747002B1/en
Priority to US11/596,754 priority patent/US20090209499A1/en
Priority to KR1020067026198A priority patent/KR101185328B1/en
Priority to DE602005017137T priority patent/DE602005017137D1/en
Publication of WO2005110384A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005110384A2/en
Publication of WO2005110384A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005110384A3/en
Publication of WO2005110384B1 publication Critical patent/WO2005110384B1/en
Priority to HR20100021T priority patent/HRP20100021T1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/612—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid
    • A61K31/616—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid by carboxylic acids, e.g. acetylsalicylic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • A61P33/04—Amoebicides

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a new apiary veterinary composition, which is suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of the nosema disease (Nosemosis apium) at honey-bees (Apis mellifera).
  • the excrements get on the bees, on the walls of the cells, on the cell-caps, pollen, and on the honey.
  • the healthy members of the colony get infected due to their cleaning instinct.
  • the cleaning bees suck the thin excrement and they lick the dried excrement, too, after previously moistening it.
  • the bees get infected with huge amounts of Nosema apis spores.
  • the vestigial pharyngeal gland is not able to produce enough royal jelly and consequently the malnutrition of the brood occurs, or the brood can even starve to death , underdeveloped bees hatch with incomplete wings.
  • the proteins for the brood comes from the pharyngeal gland, it can be understood that the Nosema apis infection has its effect upon the brood raising.
  • the untreated colonies are completely destroyed in most cases, thus the prevention or the treatment of the infected colonies is indispensable.
  • the disease is not easy to be diagnosed based on the symptoms, but the experienced specialist is able to observe the typical symptoms.
  • walking bees which are unable to fly and vibrate their outstretched wings.
  • the ill worker walks weakly on the flight board and it falls easily on the ground in front of the hive. It climbs on the grass with vibrating wings and it tries to fly, but it falls back weakly.
  • the hive on the comb and on the wood of the frames several excrement marks can be seen.
  • the deserted hive is left by the queen, too, and in these severe cases the queen herself can be seen walking on the ground. If the queen is infected with nosema, it ceases egg laying and it dies within one or two weeks).
  • the secure diagnosis of the disease involves laboratory examination, which is based on the determination of the spores.
  • the successful determination of the pathogen in hugely influenced by the method of taking of the samples.
  • a well-probed apiary complementary method is the disinfection of the hive and the comb with acetic acid.
  • technical acetic acid is to be used. This has a concentration of 80%, so it is fluid under the temperature of 15 °C . In comparison the 100 % concentrated ice-acid gets solid under 15 °C.
  • the calculated amount of technical acetic acid is poured into a porcelain bowl and put into the hive to be disinfected.
  • the main disadvantage of the method is that the disinfected combs have to be aired for several days after usage, otherwise acid steams will lead to brood and bee destruction.
  • a further disadvantage is that the vapour of the acetic acid have a negative effect on the metal objects. Thus it significantly diminishes the life-span of these of the hives and accessories.
  • compositions with mercury content were extensively used in the treatment of the Nosemosis apis.
  • the mercury content of these compositions endangered the honey, as a food-composition, and consequently these substances with mercury content were completely withdrawn from usage.
  • the Fumagillin DCH pulvis produced by Sanofi-Chinoin Drug Manufacturing Company Budapest, Hungary is marketed in bottles containing 20 g.
  • One bottle contains 0.5 g of pure active substance. According to the instructions of usage the content of one bottle is sufficient for the treatment of 10 mildly or 5 severely infected colonies.
  • the content of the bottle Before the usage the content of the bottle has to be dissolved in 0.5 litres of tepid water, then is evenly mixed in 5 litres of sugar syrup in proportion of 1:1 cooled to 40 °C, and then the mixture is diluted to 25 litres with sugar syrup.
  • the ill colonies are fed with 0.5 litres of the mixture daily.
  • the usage of the compositions containing antibiotics is more and more restricted and even forbidden by the authorities of certain countries.
  • the aim of the invention producing of such an effective -and if possible containing natural ingredients- medicine composition, with which the above mentioned disadvantages can be avoided and the nosema disease can be treated with good effectiveness or it can be prevented.
  • the invention is based on the observation that according to the apiary experiences the nosema disease diminishes and even ceases in case of the visiting of bee pastures with high occurrence of willow. After the examination of several other kinds of plants and flowers my attention was attracted by these ones. I determined that according to the literature in the pussy willow of the white willow (Salix alba), but especially in the buds of the black poplar (Populus nigra) an important amount of 2-hidroxibenzil- ⁇ -D-glucopiranozid (salicin) can be found. This compound can be considered a precursor of the salicylic acid. This is because I presume that the salicin transforms into salicylic acid in the midgut of the bee (at the effect of acid, enzyme and given temperature), and this is how it can have its anti-nosema effect.
  • the invention is such a veterinary composition, which is suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of the nosema disease (Nosemosis apium) at honeybees and which contains as active substance 2-hidroxi-benzoic acid (salicylic acid) or 2-acetoxi-benzoic acid (acetyl- salicylic acid) or the salt of these.
  • the composition according to the invention contains in an advantageous form sugar-industry molasses as carrier matter (concentrated watery extract of Beta vulgaris cv altissima), and if necessary, other known auxiliary and carrier substance.
  • the composition in its advantageous form contains basically two main components.
  • the main active substance is the 2-hidroxi-benzoic acid (salicylic acid), which kills the parasite spore amoebae.
  • the other component is the carrier substance Beta vulgaris cv altissima in concentrated fractionated watery extract (sugar-industry molasses), which contains such natural components (macro- and micro-elements, vitamins), winch partly diminish the shortages caused by sugar- feeding (alimentary saccharine), so the strengthened colonies can defend themselves more effectively against diseases, thus against the nosema disease as well.
  • composition based on the invention beyond its main effect, enhances certain life activities of the colonies, for example the honey flow and the cleaning willingness, together with the brood willingness, thus indirectly helps the prevention and fight against the diseases. This positive side-effect was noticed by the bee-farmers who used the composition based on the invention.
  • Example 1 50,0 ml concentrated fractionated watery extract of Beta vulgaris cv altissima (sugar-industry molasses); carrier substance
  • Plastic bottle with safety cap (the bottle is white, the cap is green, the material used is high-pressure polyethylene). Quantity: minimum: 900 ml maximum: 1010 ml On the side of the bottle there is a printed label .
  • Example 2 Table L Cumulative table Of the in vivo experiments related to the experimental composition suitable for the prevention and treatment of the installed nosema (Nosemosis apis) disease at honey-bees f Apis mellifera
  • Example 2 Table 2. Cumulative table Of the in vivo experiments related to the experimental composition suitable for the prevention and treatment of the installed nosema fNosemosis apis) disease at honey-bees (Apis mellifera)
  • Example 2 Table 3. Cumulative table Of the in vivo experiments related to the experimental composition suitable for the prevention and treatment of the installed nosema (Nosemosis apis) disease at honev-bees (Apis mellifera)
  • Example 3 The colonies access to macro- and micro-elements Treatment according to Example 1. for 10 days, and during 10 days of feeding with honey
  • Example 4 The colonies access to vitamins with the treatment according to Example 1 for 10 days, and according to the quantities found as proposed in the literature.
  • Example 5 We did the same as in Example 1, with the only difference that instead of the 10.0 g of sodium salt of 2-hidroxi-benzoic acid we weighed 12.6 g of acetylsalicylic acid sodium.

Abstract

The invention relates to a veterinary composition for the treatment and/or prevention of the nosema disease (Nosemosis apium) at honey bees comprising 2-hidroxi-benzoic acid (salicylic acid) or 2-acetoxi-benzoic acid (acetyl­salicylic acid ) or their salt(s) as active ingredient. In a preferable variant the composition contains sugar-industry molasses (concentrated watery extract of Beta vulgaris cv altissima) as carrier and if desired any other known auxiliary and carrier substances.

Description

NEW APIARY VETERINARY COMPOSITION
The subject of the invention is a new apiary veterinary composition, which is suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of the nosema disease (Nosemosis apium) at honey-bees (Apis mellifera).
It is known that this extremely dangerous disease of the honey-bees (Apis mellifera) is caused by a spore amoeba called Nosema apis. The main period of the disease is in spring, although the disease itself can occur at other times, too. The content of the rectum of the healthy winter bees increases only slowly in the first half of the winter. During the last third of the winter a sudden increase occurs, because the commenced brood raising forces the otherwise healthy bees to increase their metabolism. The content of the bees infected with nosema increases gradually, because the water content of the intestine increases, this adds to the otherwise tense content of the rectum and consequently the ill individuals start defecating within the hive. The excrements get on the bees, on the walls of the cells, on the cell-caps, pollen, and on the honey. The healthy members of the colony get infected due to their cleaning instinct. The cleaning bees suck the thin excrement and they lick the dried excrement, too, after previously moistening it. During this activity the bees get infected with huge amounts of Nosema apis spores.
These spores keep their life-functions within the excrements defecated by the bees for at least one year. The excrement residues dried on the comb can consequently infect the bees one year later. The deadly effect of the amoeba shows itself mainly in the destruction of the epithelium of the midgut of the bees, but it causes other abnormalities as well. For instance the pharyngeal gland of the bees develops vestigially, and whereas in case of healthy colonies only 6% of the bees have vestigial pharyngeal glands, in case of bees with nosema this proportion can reach 41%. The vestigial pharyngeal gland is not able to produce enough royal jelly and consequently the malnutrition of the brood occurs, or the brood can even starve to death , underdeveloped bees hatch with incomplete wings. As the proteins for the brood comes from the pharyngeal gland, it can be understood that the Nosema apis infection has its effect upon the brood raising. The untreated colonies are completely destroyed in most cases, thus the prevention or the treatment of the infected colonies is indispensable.
The disease is not easy to be diagnosed based on the symptoms, but the experienced specialist is able to observe the typical symptoms. (For example in spring one can see walking bees, which are unable to fly and vibrate their outstretched wings. The ill worker walks weakly on the flight board and it falls easily on the ground in front of the hive. It climbs on the grass with vibrating wings and it tries to fly, but it falls back weakly. In the hive, on the comb and on the wood of the frames several excrement marks can be seen. The deserted hive is left by the queen, too, and in these severe cases the queen herself can be seen walking on the ground. If the queen is infected with nosema, it ceases egg laying and it dies within one or two weeks). The secure diagnosis of the disease involves laboratory examination, which is based on the determination of the spores. The successful determination of the pathogen in hugely influenced by the method of taking of the samples.
Due to the severity of the nosema disease more protective methods are known. A well-probed apiary complementary method is the disinfection of the hive and the comb with acetic acid. For the disinfection technical acetic acid is to be used. This has a concentration of 80%, so it is fluid under the temperature of 15 °C . In comparison the 100 % concentrated ice-acid gets solid under 15 °C. During the disinfection the calculated amount of technical acetic acid is poured into a porcelain bowl and put into the hive to be disinfected. The main disadvantage of the method is that the disinfected combs have to be aired for several days after usage, otherwise acid steams will lead to brood and bee destruction. A further disadvantage is that the vapour of the acetic acid have a negative effect on the metal objects. Thus it significantly diminishes the life-span of these of the hives and accessories.
In the past the compositions with mercury content were extensively used in the treatment of the Nosemosis apis. The mercury content of these compositions endangered the honey, as a food-composition, and consequently these substances with mercury content were completely withdrawn from usage.
To the withdrawal of the mercury-containing compositions the introduction of a much more effective composition had its role, namely the antibiotic which in Hungary was introduced with the name Fumagillin DCH. This antibiotic was first used by Canadian researchers for the treatment of the nosema disease. The active ingredient of the medicine is the antibiotic got from the Aspergillus fumigatus mould, which was basically used for the treatment of the human dysentery caused by amoebae in tropical countries. After its efficacy in the treatment of the Nosema apis was discovered, its usage has spread quickly all over the world.
The Fumagillin DCH pulvis produced by Sanofi-Chinoin Drug Manufacturing Company Budapest, Hungary is marketed in bottles containing 20 g. One bottle contains 0.5 g of pure active substance. According to the instructions of usage the content of one bottle is sufficient for the treatment of 10 mildly or 5 severely infected colonies. Before the usage the content of the bottle has to be dissolved in 0.5 litres of tepid water, then is evenly mixed in 5 litres of sugar syrup in proportion of 1:1 cooled to 40 °C, and then the mixture is diluted to 25 litres with sugar syrup. The ill colonies are fed with 0.5 litres of the mixture daily. The usage of the compositions containing antibiotics is more and more restricted and even forbidden by the authorities of certain countries.
The aim of the invention producing of such an effective -and if possible containing natural ingredients- medicine composition, with which the above mentioned disadvantages can be avoided and the nosema disease can be treated with good effectiveness or it can be prevented.
The invention is based on the observation that according to the apiary experiences the nosema disease diminishes and even ceases in case of the visiting of bee pastures with high occurrence of willow. After the examination of several other kinds of plants and flowers my attention was attracted by these ones. I determined that according to the literature in the pussy willow of the white willow (Salix alba), but especially in the buds of the black poplar (Populus nigra) an important amount of 2-hidroxibenzil-β-D-glucopiranozid (salicin) can be found. This compound can be considered a precursor of the salicylic acid. This is because I presume that the salicin transforms into salicylic acid in the midgut of the bee (at the effect of acid, enzyme and given temperature), and this is how it can have its anti-nosema effect.
Surprisingly enough the supposition was completely proven by several in vivo experiment series. The effective amount of salicylic acid, as the effective active substance concentration was determined again based on more experiment series. The deduction drawn was thus that a composition containing a certain salicylic acid or salicylic acid derivative concentration, completed with adequate carrying substance was effective even in case of extreme infections with nosema disease at bee colonies. This recognition could not have been foreseen by any means, because the among the multilateral forms of usage of the salicylic acid and acetyl salicylic acid (for example anti-bacterial, antiseptic, and even anti- rheumatic effect) the apiary usage was not mentioned anywhere
Based on the above the invention is such a veterinary composition, which is suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of the nosema disease (Nosemosis apium) at honeybees and which contains as active substance 2-hidroxi-benzoic acid (salicylic acid) or 2-acetoxi-benzoic acid (acetyl- salicylic acid) or the salt of these. The composition according to the invention contains in an advantageous form sugar-industry molasses as carrier matter (concentrated watery extract of Beta vulgaris cv altissima), and if necessary, other known auxiliary and carrier substance.
The composition in its advantageous form contains basically two main components. The main active substance is the 2-hidroxi-benzoic acid (salicylic acid), which kills the parasite spore amoebae. The other component is the carrier substance Beta vulgaris cv altissima in concentrated fractionated watery extract (sugar-industry molasses), which contains such natural components (macro- and micro-elements, vitamins), winch partly diminish the shortages caused by sugar- feeding (alimentary saccharine), so the strengthened colonies can defend themselves more effectively against diseases, thus against the nosema disease as well.
My experiences show that the effect of the composition based on the invention is present 4 weeks after the treatment too, and furthermore according to the laboratory tests done during the following spring the colonies treated the previous autumn were free of the nosema spores which cause the infection.
The tests done with the composition based on the invention produced excellent results and the composition proved to be effective in all the phases of the disease (in the low, medium, high, and very high infected categories). The comparing experimental results are shown among the examples. It is important to note that due to its components, the advantageous carrier substance (concentrated fractionated watery extract of Beta vulgaris cv altissima, sugar-industry molasses) supplements shortages induced by the usual sugar feeding (macro-, and micro-elements, vitamins).
The composition based on the invention, beyond its main effect, enhances certain life activities of the colonies, for example the honey flow and the cleaning willingness, together with the brood willingness, thus indirectly helps the prevention and fight against the diseases. This positive side-effect was noticed by the bee-farmers who used the composition based on the invention.
The composition based on the invention, its usage and advantageous effects are shown as follows: Example 1. 50,0 ml concentrated fractionated watery extract of Beta vulgaris cv altissima (sugar-industry molasses); carrier substance
10,0 g sodium salt of 2-hidroxi-benzoic (sodium salicylic acid); active substance, ad 100,0 ml distilled water, post-sterilised with ultra-violet rays The drug industry form, that is watery solution.
The manufacturer possesses quality control system and its laboratory checks the quality of the composition regularly. Short description of the packing:
Plastic bottle with safety cap (the bottle is white, the cap is green, the material used is high-pressure polyethylene). Quantity: minimum: 900 ml maximum: 1010 ml On the side of the bottle there is a printed label . The marketing name of the composition: NONOS
Example 2. Table L Cumulative table Of the in vivo experiments related to the experimental composition suitable for the prevention and treatment of the installed nosema (Nosemosis apis) disease at honey-bees f Apis mellifera
Date 16 -tmtt March, 2003 - 3 rrdα April, 2003
Figure imgf000009_0001
Example 2. Table 2. Cumulative table Of the in vivo experiments related to the experimental composition suitable for the prevention and treatment of the installed nosema fNosemosis apis) disease at honey-bees (Apis mellifera)
Date: Iβ^ March 2003 - 3rd April 2003
Figure imgf000010_0001
Example 2. Table 3. Cumulative table Of the in vivo experiments related to the experimental composition suitable for the prevention and treatment of the installed nosema (Nosemosis apis) disease at honev-bees (Apis mellifera)
Date: 16& March 2003 - 3rd April 2003
Colonies involved in the experiment:
Figure imgf000011_0001
Example 3. The colonies access to macro- and micro-elements Treatment according to Example 1. for 10 days, and during 10 days of feeding with honey
Figure imgf000012_0001
Example 4. The colonies access to vitamins with the treatment according to Example 1 for 10 days, and according to the quantities found as proposed in the literature.
Figure imgf000012_0002
According to the examples above (see Example 3. and 4.) it can be seen that following the treatment with NONOS, the bee-colonies get an important quantity of macro- and micro-elements, together with vitamins, which increases their capacity of defending themselves against diseases, thus the effectiveness of the product is improved.
Example 5. We did the same as in Example 1, with the only difference that instead of the 10.0 g of sodium salt of 2-hidroxi-benzoic acid we weighed 12.6 g of acetylsalicylic acid sodium.

Claims

1./ Veterinary composition suitable for the treatment and/or prevention of the nosema disease (Nosemosis apium) at honey bees contaimng acetyl-salicylic acid and or one of its salts.
2.1 The composition based on the claim at Point 1, described by the fact that it contains advantageously as carrier substance sugar-industry molasses (concentrated watery extract of Beta vulgaris cv altissima) and in case of need other known auxiliary and carrier substances.
PCT/HU2005/000053 2004-05-17 2005-05-13 Apiary veterinary composition WO2005110384A2 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2005800158194A CN1993133B (en) 2004-05-17 2005-05-13 Apiary veterinary composition
AT05745024T ATE445403T1 (en) 2004-05-17 2005-05-13 VETERINARY COMPOSITION FOR BEES
EP05745024A EP1747002B1 (en) 2004-05-17 2005-05-13 New apiary veterinary composition
US11/596,754 US20090209499A1 (en) 2004-05-17 2005-05-13 Apiary veterinary composition
KR1020067026198A KR101185328B1 (en) 2004-05-17 2005-05-13 Apiary veterinary composition
DE602005017137T DE602005017137D1 (en) 2004-05-17 2005-05-13 VETERINARY COMPOSITION FOR BEES
HR20100021T HRP20100021T1 (en) 2004-05-17 2010-01-11 New apiary veterinary composition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HUP0400982 2004-05-17
HU0400982A HUP0400982A2 (en) 2004-05-17 2004-05-17 New veterinary product for honeybees

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WO2005110384A2 true WO2005110384A2 (en) 2005-11-24
WO2005110384A3 WO2005110384A3 (en) 2006-03-09
WO2005110384B1 WO2005110384B1 (en) 2006-11-02

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US (1) US20090209499A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1747002B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101185328B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1993133B (en)
AT (1) ATE445403T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005017137D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2335024T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20100021T1 (en)
HU (1) HUP0400982A2 (en)
PT (1) PT1747002E (en)
SI (1) SI1747002T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005110384A2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011029754A2 (en) 2009-09-14 2011-03-17 Basf Se Dispenser comprising a polyester membrane for control of mites in bee hives
NL2009308C2 (en) * 2012-08-09 2014-02-11 Science In Water B V A composition and method for improving survival of bee colonies.
US9333188B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2016-05-10 Science In Water B.V. Composition and method for improving survival of bee colonies

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DE602005017137D1 (en) 2009-11-26
US20090209499A1 (en) 2009-08-20
WO2005110384B1 (en) 2006-11-02
ATE445403T1 (en) 2009-10-15
EP1747002A2 (en) 2007-01-31
KR101185328B1 (en) 2012-09-21
CN1993133A (en) 2007-07-04
EP1747002B1 (en) 2009-10-14
HRP20100021T1 (en) 2010-02-28
ES2335024T3 (en) 2010-03-18
CN1993133B (en) 2010-11-10
WO2005110384A3 (en) 2006-03-09
PT1747002E (en) 2010-01-18
HU0400982D0 (en) 2004-07-28
HUP0400982A2 (en) 2006-08-28
SI1747002T1 (en) 2010-04-30
KR20070015960A (en) 2007-02-06

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