WO2005109665A1 - Procede de realisation d'une inversion a plaque simple dans un systeme de communication - Google Patents
Procede de realisation d'une inversion a plaque simple dans un systeme de communication Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005109665A1 WO2005109665A1 PCT/CN2005/000637 CN2005000637W WO2005109665A1 WO 2005109665 A1 WO2005109665 A1 WO 2005109665A1 CN 2005000637 W CN2005000637 W CN 2005000637W WO 2005109665 A1 WO2005109665 A1 WO 2005109665A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/10—Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/15—Interconnection of switching modules
- H04L49/1515—Non-blocking multistage, e.g. Clos
- H04L49/1523—Parallel switch fabric planes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication method, and in particular, to a method for switching a board in a communication system based on a shared memory communication method.
- Telecom networks require reliable and uninterrupted services for their users, especially in some important business applications, such as electronic money, order processing, customer service, inventory management, email and Internet access, etc., business viability Has become more important than ever, and its availability requirements can reach 99.999% or higher. Therefore, network survivability has become an important factor affecting network design and construction, and the equipment used in telecommunication networks also needs to have high reliability accordingly.
- Redundant backup and active / standby switchover are common solutions. Redundant backup and active / standby switching technologies have multiple backup modes, such as 1 + 1, 1: 1, 1: N, etc.
- 1 + 1 backup is a single protection method.
- the main and backup units in the system form a logical business function unit, that is, the protected equipment unit has a backup unit.
- the main module is responsible for real-time processing of the service and the backup service is maintained.
- Consistent with the data of the active unit a switchover is initiated when a failure of the original active unit is detected to take over the services on the original active unit.
- the difference from a 1 + 1 backup is that the standby unit in a 1: 1 backup only works after a failure.
- 1: N backup means that multiple equipment units share a backup unit. When any one of the active units fails, the backup unit takes over its work.
- a complex telecommunication device includes multiple processing units working together, and each unit needs to communicate with each other.
- different node devices also need to communicate.
- the switching In order to ensure the equipment's self-healing ability, ensure data integrity and maintain service quality under network failure conditions, the switching must be completed within a specified time limit, and services should be restored as soon as possible to minimize the impact on the communication system. It can be seen that the performance of the protection switching mechanism has a significant impact on the reliability of the system and even the survivability of the entire network.
- the switching methods currently used in communication systems are mainly switching methods based on circuit switching and communication based on Internet Protocol (Internet Protocol, "IP" for short) communications.
- Internet Protocol Internet Protocol
- FIG. 1 (a) shows a switching device in a conventional circuit switching system.
- the circuit switch is implemented through a "switching network".
- the switching network unit includes two units of the active and standby switching planes. The effect of redundant backups.
- Each business processing unit maintains a physical connection with the active and standby switching units, and can send and receive data from both switching planes. However, during normal operation, only data processing on the active plane is selected.
- the switching network unit When the switching network unit is switched, it will notify all instructing each service module to switch to the new switching plane. In order to ensure that the switching operation is completed within the prescribed time limit, the switching of the switching network unit must be implemented by hardware.
- each service processing unit also includes a master and backup service processing unit, which is used to protect respective service communications.
- the switching network adopts a "single transmit and double receive" operating mode, that is, business data is simultaneously exchanged to the input / output ports of the active and standby business processing units.
- the active and standby service modules determine the operation mode of port sending and receiving through arbitration or heartbeat handshake. During normal operation, only the active unit processes services and sends data, and the output ports of the standby module are in a disconnected or high-impedance state; when a switchover occurs, the active and standby units decide to disconnect or operate the connected input / output ports based on the arbitration result.
- FIG. 1 (b) shows a switching device in a conventional IP network.
- Each device or network node in the IP network is assigned an independent IP address, and the switching operation is realized by switching the IP address.
- Circuit-based switching technology must be implemented in hardware, with poor versatility and scalability, and high cost; IP-based switching technology cannot be applied to real-time, high-quality telecommunications services.
- the main reason for this is that the switching device implemented by hardware must be designed for the specific system circuit, which is not easy to upgrade and test, and the cost is high; the switching technology of IP address switching is directly limited by IP technology, and IP technology has transmission time Delays are uncertain, transmission bandwidth is not guaranteed, and transmission quality is not high.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a method for switching a single board in a communication system, so that the switching operation of the service channel before and after the switching is simple, reliable, fast and efficient, and meets the switching requirements of carrier-grade equipment.
- the present invention provides a switching method in a communication system.
- the system includes multiple boards, at least one of which is a control board, and is used to centrally control all boards through a bus.
- Each board is also It contains a logical slot and physical slot mapping table, which is used to indicate the mapping relationship between the logical slot and the physical slot of each board, and is characterized in that the board switching includes the following steps:
- the control board modifies the logical slot and physical slot mapping table of all the boards, and maps the logical slot number of the original active board to the physical slot number of the original standby board;
- the control board modifies its own logical slot number stored on the original active and standby boards.
- the control board modifies a logical slot and physical slot mapping table on the board
- the control board synchronizes the contents of the updated logical slot and physical slot mapping table of this board to the logical slot and physical slot mapping tables of all other boards.
- the method further includes: mapping the delayed slot number of the original standby board to the physical slot number of the original active board.
- the communication system is based on a compact peripheral device interconnect bus platform.
- the present invention also provides another method for switching boards in a communication system.
- the system includes at least two frames that communicate with each other.
- Each frame includes multiple boards, and at least one control board is used to centralize the bus.
- Control all the boards in the box; the control board also includes a channel information table for storing the mapping relationship between the logical slot numbers of all the boards in the box and the base address of the data storage area for sending and receiving, in the control board
- the board needs to be switched it includes the following steps:
- the original master control board is prohibited from allocating a receiving channel to the device board.
- the second method also includes:
- the control board modifies its own logical slot number stored on the original active board and the original standby board.
- the communication system is based on a compact peripheral device interconnect bus platform.
- the frames can communicate through an asynchronous transmission mode.
- a control board is used to centrally control the switching operation of the board on the bus, and the board in the frame passes the migration slot Bit and physical slot mapping mechanism to achieve transparent switching. Only the logical slot and physical slot mapping tables need to be updated during the switching. In the case of inter-frame communication, the sending and receiving channel mapping information and control command word addresses need to be switched. There are two operation modes: control board switching and device board switching.
- the shared memory communication method provides convenient bus operations
- the logical slot and physical slot mapping mechanism provides a simple switching operation method, and the concentration of the bus
- the control guarantees the reliability and real-time of the switching.
- the channel mapping mechanism realizes the switching in the case of inter-frame communication.
- the switching method provides a seamless protection mechanism to ensure the real-time and reliability of the switching and reduce the network cost. Improved system scalability and network survivability.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an existing switching technology
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a PSM frame, a shared memory communication mechanism, and an inter-frame communication mechanism;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of modifying a logical slot and a physical slot according to an embodiment of the present invention A flowchart of a switching method implemented by a bit map;
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a switching method implemented by modifying a channel information table under inter-frame communication according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the invention is based on the shared memory communication technology, and completes the switching operation of the equipment unit through the modification of the address mapping, which can meet the requirements of real-time and transparency.
- mapping relationship between the physical position and the logical position of each board on the bus. The modification of the mapping relationship is used to realize the transparent switching of the device unit, which has good scalability and real-time performance.
- a PSM frame based on a Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect (CP-CI) bus platform is used to implement the switching of each board on the bus, that is, the switching of the device unit.
- CP-CI Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect
- CPCI is a high-performance industrial bus based on the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) standard. At the same time, it inherits the mechanical characteristics of European-style boards to achieve a reliable structure.
- the PSM chassis has 16 slots, which can be inserted into the front and rear. There are four types of boards processed, which are called URCU, MCU, UGPU, UFIU, and universal PCI daughter board ("PCI Mezzanine Card", referred to as "PMC").
- PCI Mezzanine Card PCI Mezzanine Card
- the URCU board is the control board in the PSM box, which is responsible for the management function of the PSM box, and 1 + 1 backup is used;
- the UACU board is the auxiliary control board in the PSM box, which assists the URCU board to complete the control function, mainly used for Realize the interconnection between different segments of the bus in the PSM box and use it in pairs with the URCU board.
- the UGPU board is a business processing unit in the PSM box and supports various business types. A maximum of 12 UGPU boards can be configured in a PSM box.
- the system can be configured as 1 + 1 backup or 1 + N backup according to the type of business.
- PMC is a small daughter board in the CPCI system.
- the UFIU board is used to implement inter-frame connections, and is specifically used in asynchronous transmission mode (Asynchronous Transfer Mode (referred to as "ATM") is an optical interface board for an optical network. It is a PMC daughter board that uses a PMC interface and is buckled on a URCU board.
- ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
- Figure 2 (a) shows the structure, components, and communication connection modes of the PSM frames.
- the communication between the boards is mainly based on the PCI bus technology.
- the communication between the URCU board and the UGPU boards is based on the CPCI backplane bus.
- the communication between the URCU board or the UGPU board and the PMC daughter board is based on the inside of the carrier board.
- PCI bus Each single board uses an IC (Special Integrated Circuits) (ASIC) chip such as a PCI bridge to implement electrical connection and address conversion functions. That is, as long as the bridges are properly configured, the CPCI platform All of the single boards can access each other's memory space.
- ASIC Specific Integrated Circuits
- the PCI bus can be cascaded through a PCI bridge.
- the backplane of the 16-slot PSM frame is actually composed of It consists of two CPCI buses.
- the two segments of the CPCI bus are bridged through the UACU board to achieve cross-bus access and communication between the buses.
- only one PCI master device can complete the bus arbitration at the same time. Therefore, in the active and standby working mode, the URCU board has only one active single board for controlling two sections of the CPCI bus. When the bus is disconnected and the URCU board is switched, the standby URCU board preempts the bus control right, the master URCU board releases the bus control right, and the corresponding UACU board also switches with the URCU.
- the shared memory communication of the PSM box is mainly completed by the UFIU bottom driver, the CPCI bottom driver, and the PMC daughter board bottom driver module.
- the PSM boxes are implemented through the ATM server + client mode, and are carried by the ATM optical transmission network.
- the optical interface of UFIU is connected to the ATM optical transmission network, and the UFIU bottom-level driver module completes the communication between the PSM frames.
- the CPCI bottom driver module completes the communication between the URCU board and each UGPU board in the PSM frame.
- the communication module at the bottom of each PMC daughter board completes the communication between its carrier board and the PMC daughter board. It can be seen that when the switching of the URCU or UGPU board occurs, the communication modules related to the switching only involve the UFIU low-level driver module responsible for inter-frame communication or the CPCI low-level driver module responsible for intra-frame communication.
- Figure 2 (b) shows the memory sharing mechanism between the individual boards on the CPCI bus.
- the working principle of the CPCI bottom communication module is the memory sharing between the boards.
- Each board reserves a shared physical memory for other boards, which is mapped onto the CPCI bus through the PCI bridge chip, and then through PCI The bridge is mapped to the PCI storage space of other single boards. When other boards access this PCI storage space, they actually access the physical memory of the source board. It can be seen that the mapping of the PCI bridge chip realizes the memory sharing between different boards.
- FIG. 2 (c) shows the mechanism of implementing UFIU inter-frame communication using UFIU.
- the design idea of the UFIU low-level communication module is similar to that of CPCI. It is also based on shared memory and CPCI address space mapping. The difference is that the UFIU communication module is implemented based on the ATM server + client model.
- UFIU On the connection mechanism, UFIU is connected to the ATM optical network through the optical interface, and realizes communication with other PSM boxes or nodes under the mode exchange of ATM server + client. Inside the PSM box, the UFIU communicates with each UGPU board to realize the function of sending and receiving data of each UGPU board by sharing the memory.
- Each UGPU board reserves a certain amount of shared memory for the UFIU.
- the UFIU can be accessed by other CPCI boards, including the UFIU daughter board on the URCU board.
- Dedicated processing chips such as CN8236 ASIC chips, directly access and store in the corresponding UFIU receiving shared memory area of the receiving UGPU board; when the data of each UGPU board is sent out of the PSM box, you only need to copy it to the UFIU sending share
- the memory area is automatically taken out by the SAR special processing chip on the UFIU board and forwarded to the ATM network through the optical interface.
- the ATM switch finds the path through the virtual path (Virtual Path, referred to as "VP") indicator VPI and the virtual channel (Virtual Channel, referred to as "VC") indicator VCI in the letterhead.
- VP Virtual Path
- VC Virtual Channel
- one VP carries multiple VCs, so a VP can be regarded as multiple VC sets with the same VPI value.
- VPs have different VPI values, VCs belonging to the same VP have different VCIs, and VCs belonging to different VPs can have the same VCI value.
- VC can be used to directly complete the connection between two users, and VP can be used to connect between different network segments.
- VP switching only switches the VPI, and the cell's VCI remains unchanged during the entire VP link transmission process.
- the VC is connected at the switching node, and the mapping table is found according to the VPI and VCI of the cells in the virtual path to obtain the corresponding new VPI and VCI.
- PVP Perpetual Virtual Path
- PVC Perpetual Virtual Channel
- VCI pathfinding function When communicating between PSM boxes, different VPIs are generally used to indicate different PSM boxes, and different boards in the box are indicated by VCI. Therefore, on the UFIU board, the VCI pathfinding function must be completed, that is, the VC channel of each board is mapped. This is achieved by mapping the sending VCC table (SEG VCC) and receiving the VCC table (RSM VCC).
- SEG VCC sending VCC table
- RSM VCC receiving the VCC table
- the send and receive queues, SEG VCC tables and RSM VCC tables, and send buffer descriptions (Send Buffer Descr iptor, tube ("SBD") table and so on.
- the operation management and maintenance (Operat ion, Ad ministry, Maintenance, or "0AM") of the URCU are mainly allocated to receive and send data buffers and receive and send status queues for cells and data cells.
- the sending data buffer of each UGPU board in the same frame.
- local send and receive buffer descriptors, receive and send status queues, local SEG VCC tables and RSM VCC tables, and receive data buffers are allocated.
- UFIU's SAR dedicated processing chip mainly relies on VCC tables to send and receive ATM cells with the outside world.
- the sending VCC table is located in the shared memory of the SAR.
- Each board can establish up to 256 sending PVCs.
- the index value of the entry is the sending VCC index.
- each board can establish up to 256 receiving PVCs.
- the index value of the entry is the receiving VCC index.
- One VCC index corresponds to one VPI and VCI link.
- the PVC configuration of UFIU is to establish a mapping relationship between the VCC index and PVC for the inter-frame transmission and reception of boards, that is, the mapping relationship between VPI and VCI links and each board.
- the PVC of UFIU boards uses unidirectional PVC. Therefore, the establishment and removal of the sending PVC and the receiving PVC are independent, and the index numbers of the two are also assigned separately.
- the PSM frame needs to be addressed by the correspondence between the VCC index in the VCC table and the PVC, that is, the sending PVC indexes the VCC table sent by the host according to the physical slot number; the receiving PVC is The logical slot number is used to index the VCC table received by the host.
- the external ATM exchange will not change, that is, the corresponding VCC index of the VPI and VCI links cannot be switched. Therefore, the actual switching is the corresponding relationship of the VCC index PVC channel, that is, the VCC item and the receiving physical slot. The corresponding relationship of the numbers to change the flow direction of the received data unit.
- a mapping conversion relationship between a logical slot and a physical slot is used.
- a switching method based on CPCI shared memory communication was implemented.
- the system assigns a logical slot to each board on the bus. High-level applications access the corresponding board through the logical slot.
- a logical slot and a physical slot are configured in the CPCI bottom driver module on each board.
- Bit mapping table which reflects the corresponding logical slot allocated to each board at the physical location.
- the CPCI underlying driver module indexes the board at the physical location according to the table.
- the logical slot is the same as the actual physical slot of the board.
- the high-level application module transmits the data unit and the logical slot of the target board to the CPCI bottom driver module.
- the CPCI bottom driver module is You can search the logical slot and physical slot mapping table, convert it to the actual physical slot of the destination board, and then use the shared address space mapping of the PCI bridge to convert it to the corresponding CPCI space address of the shared memory for access.
- the logical slot and physical slot mapping table mechanism is directly related to the bottom layer of the PSM box, and can be done through a direct index lookup, so it has no effect on the efficiency of CPCI communication.
- mapping table of logical slots and physical slots on all boards you only need to modify the mapping table of logical slots and physical slots on all boards to achieve the equivalent board switching. For example, if the logical slot number of the original main board to be switched is 1 and its physical slot number is 1 and the logical slot number of its standby board is 2 and its physical slot number is mapped to 2, then there are two single boards.
- a board switch occurs, change the mapping table to logical slot number 1 to physical slot number 2, and logical slot number 2 to physical slot number 1, which means that the switchover operation of the active and standby boards is equivalently completed.
- the switching operation of other standby modes can also be conveniently implemented. It can be seen that the switching method is not only convenient to operate, but also can be completed at a high speed. Before and after the switching operation, the service communication is hardly affected, and the normal communication of the service is guaranteed.
- the centralized control method is used to implement the switching operation, so that the switching of the equipment unit is more simple and reliable.
- the CPCI control board URCU board centrally controls the logical and physical slot number mapping tables of all the boards. Each board also places the logical slot and physical slot mapping tables in the shared memory of the board. The centralized modification of the URCU board ensures the normal operation of the entire communication system.
- each board also maintains its own logical slot and physical slot information.
- modifying the logical and physical slot mapping relationship table it is necessary to modify the related switching card.
- Information about its own logical slots stored in the board For example, when the board in physical slot 1 and the board in physical slot 1 are switched as described above, except for all mapping tables, To be modified, the logical slot number stored on the physical slot board 1 needs to be changed from the original number 1 to 2, and the logical slot number stored on the physical slot board 2 needs to be changed from the original Number 2 was changed to number 1.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a specific flow of a switching method implemented by modifying a logical slot and a physical slot mapping table according to an embodiment of the present invention. This method is applicable to the switching of various boards on the bus, including control boards and equipment boards.
- step 301 the control board updates the logical slot and physical slot mapping table on the board according to the board switching mode. For example, in the PSM box, URCU modifies the mapping table stored by itself.
- step 302 the control board synchronizes the updated logical slot and physical slot mapping table contents to the logical slot and physical slot mapping tables of all the boards.
- URCU modifies the mapping table on each UGPU board.
- Other boards send data through logical slot numbers.
- the control board can send the data to the switched active board according to the correspondence in the mapping table.
- step 303 the control board updates its own logical slot information stored on each board involved in the switching.
- the "self” mentioned here refers to the "each board", not the control board.
- an external interface board of each frame stores a channel information mapping table used for data unit forwarding of a board.
- the channel information mapping table here is used by the external interface board to index the information of the physical slot number of the board in the box according to the channel number for external communication.
- the aforementioned VCC table and VCC table are received. When switching occurs, this information needs to be modified to ensure the normal operation of inter-chassis communication.
- the UFIU interface board based on the ATM optical interface stores information such as a reception VCC table and a transmission VCC table, and according to these information, the data units of each board are indexed and forwarded to complete inter-frame communication.
- the information update of the main and backup boards when the control board is switched is mainly the information related to the control board itself, such as the modification of the transmission and reception channel mapping tables of the main and backup control boards and the channel mapping table of communication between the main and backup boards.
- the channel mapping table related to the UGPU board is synchronized with the active and standby control boards during normal (configuration / deletion / UGPU board switching) operations, so these information do not need to be updated when the control board is switched.
- the underlying drive module communication is also implemented by means of shared memory. Specifically, it is This is achieved by writing a control command word to the corresponding control command word address, so the corresponding control command word address also needs to be modified when switching occurs. It can be seen that the other switching operations required under the framework communication only involve the underlying driver module of the interface board, which is reliable and has good real-time performance.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows a method for controlling a single board switching implemented by modifying a channel information table under inter-frame communication according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- step 411 the bus control switching is performed, the original master control board releases the bus control right, and the original standby control board takes over the bus control right.
- the original standby URCU is in the bus disconnected state.
- the original master URCU transfers bus control to the original standby URCU through a handshake.
- step 412 to update the channel information table corresponding to the control board on the active and standby control boards.
- the sending VCC table and the receiving VCC table contain the base address of the data storage area of each board.
- the so-called base address refers to the basic address. You can find the starting position of the data storage area based on this base value, and then according to the data sent and received
- the existing data in the storage area is calculated to obtain the location where the data that needs to be sent and received should be stored.
- step 41 3 to prohibit the original active control board from allocating the receiving channel of each device board.
- the original master uses the URCU board to control the UGPU board, so it cannot be assigned to the receiving channel of each device board.
- FIG. 4 (b) shows a method for switching a device board (a board other than a control board) implemented by modifying the receiving and sending channel information under inter-frame communication according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- step 421 the corresponding channel information table of the device board involved in the switchover stored on the main and standby control boards is updated.
- the information such as the sending VCC table and receiving VCC table of the UGPU involved in the switching stored on the active and standby URCUs.
- all UGPU sending and receiving VCC tables and other information are stored on the URCU, while each UGPU also stores its own sending and receiving VCC tables and other information.
- step 422 the control command word address information of the device board involved in the switching is updated, and the control command word address is used to implement shared memory communication between the underlying driver modules.
- the control command word address information of the device board involved in the switching is updated, and the control command word address is used to implement shared memory communication between the underlying driver modules.
- the underlying ATM driver modules of the UGPU board and the URCU board need to write control command words to the control command word address to achieve communication. Therefore, the corresponding control command word address needs to be updated during switching.
- step 423 the control board modifies the sending channel information and receiving channel information of the active and standby equipment boards involved in the switching.
- the sending channel information and receiving channel information here are similar to the role of the logical slot number of each board.
- the switching method provided by the present invention can be used to implement device switching without affecting the essence of the present invention. And scope.
- the cascading scheme between PSM frames is mainly implemented by using a UFIU daughter board and an ATM optical interface.
- UFIU daughter board and an ATM optical interface.
- other physical interfaces are used to implement different PSM frames or different CPCI buses.
- the switching method provided by the present invention can still complete the device switching without affecting the essence and scope of the present invention.
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CN200410044466.8 | 2004-05-10 | ||
CNB2004100444668A CN100342666C (zh) | 2004-05-10 | 2004-05-10 | 通信系统中的倒换方法 |
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CN101207409B (zh) * | 2006-12-21 | 2012-01-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种业务倒换的方法及一种单板 |
CN111478947A (zh) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-31 | 珠海高凌信息科技股份有限公司 | 主备控制板实时同步方法及系统 |
TWI723217B (zh) * | 2016-10-17 | 2021-04-01 | 南韓商愛思開海力士有限公司 | 記憶體系統及其操作方法 |
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CN100459503C (zh) * | 2006-08-25 | 2009-02-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种获取单板的物理槽位号和槽位类型的方法及系统 |
CN101425929B (zh) * | 2008-12-01 | 2011-02-09 | 成都市华为赛门铁克科技有限公司 | 一种板号表分配方法、装置和系统 |
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CN111049566B (zh) * | 2019-11-20 | 2022-03-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安航空计算技术研究所 | 信息传递方法和机载lrm模块 |
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- 2004-05-10 CN CNB2004100444668A patent/CN100342666C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2005
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CN100342666C (zh) | 2007-10-10 |
CN1697337A (zh) | 2005-11-16 |
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