WO2005107148A1 - Authentication system - Google Patents

Authentication system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005107148A1
WO2005107148A1 PCT/JP2005/008247 JP2005008247W WO2005107148A1 WO 2005107148 A1 WO2005107148 A1 WO 2005107148A1 JP 2005008247 W JP2005008247 W JP 2005008247W WO 2005107148 A1 WO2005107148 A1 WO 2005107148A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
authentication
data
time
acquisition device
encryption key
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2005/008247
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shinichi Yamada
Yoshihiro Masuyama
Original Assignee
Hitachi, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi, Ltd. filed Critical Hitachi, Ltd.
Publication of WO2005107148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005107148A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00127Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture
    • H04N1/00204Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture with a digital computer or a digital computer system, e.g. an internet server
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00127Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture
    • H04N1/00204Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture with a digital computer or a digital computer system, e.g. an internet server
    • H04N1/00244Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture with a digital computer or a digital computer system, e.g. an internet server with a server, e.g. an internet server
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00127Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture
    • H04N1/00323Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture with a measuring, monitoring or signaling apparatus, e.g. for transmitting measured information to a central location
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/32Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N2201/3201Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N2201/3212Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to a job, e.g. communication, capture or filing of an image
    • H04N2201/3215Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to a job, e.g. communication, capture or filing of an image of a time or duration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/32Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N2201/3201Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N2201/3225Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document
    • H04N2201/3253Position information, e.g. geographical position at time of capture, GPS data

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an authentication system, an authentication acquisition device, and an authentication method for authenticating position data and time data obtained by electronic position measurement means such as GPS and delivering the data to various applications.
  • a technology for acquiring the current position of an object or the like whose position is to be confirmed via electronic position positioning means such as a GPS (Global Positioning System) and publicly authenticating the data is known. And many have been proposed and filed.
  • position data and time data are obtained using GPS satellites, transmitted to the center, and the center requests the location and time data where the copy guard was performed.
  • Technology to transmit to electronic devices that had problems Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-33537
  • position data and time data specifying the input point are generated, added to the input data as authentication data, and transmitted to a certificate authority.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-100632 is known.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide an authentication system and an authentication acquisition device that facilitates location confirmation at the site by appropriately distributing the load between the authentication device at the center and the authentication acquisition terminal at the site. And to provide an authentication method. Further, a second object of the present invention is to maintain the authenticity of an image taken by a digital camera or the like, and record the image from photographing. An object of the present invention is to provide an authentication system, an authentication acquisition device, and an authentication method that realize security that is consistent up to now.
  • the authentication acquisition device receives a radio wave emitted from an electronic position positioning means such as a GPS and receives the current position of the positioning target. It determines the positioning and time, and generates data in which position data (positioning data) and time data are integrated with the authentication encryption key received by the authentication device at the time of issuing the authentication request.
  • the integrated data is transmitted to an authentication device connected via a network, and the authentication device authenticates the position data and the time data using the authentication encryption key. Reply to the authentication acquisition device.
  • an authentication acquisition device including an imaging device generates a drive timing signal of the image sensor synchronized with the current time, and adds the authentication encryption key data transmitted from the authentication device and the position positioning means to the drive timing signal.
  • a security marking signal (security marking data) is generated by superimposing position data indicating the current position of the positioning target that has been positioned by receiving force radio waves. Then, the image data (video data) output from the image pickup apparatus is recorded on the write-once recording medium as encrypted data including the security marking data.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram cited for explaining a location authentication method of the present invention and a user who uses the method.
  • FIG. 2 is an operation sequence diagram cited for explaining the overall operation of the authentication system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the authentication acquisition device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram conceptually showing an application example of the authentication acquisition device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of an image intrinsic processing unit shown in FIG. 4.
  • 6 is a flowchart showing an operation of the image intrinsic processing unit shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a portion related to a color correction process extracted from the image intrinsic processing unit shown in FIG. 5; BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram cited for explaining the location authentication method of the present invention and its use subject.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a GPS satellite, and a distance to each GPS satellite 1 is obtained when the certification acquisition terminal 20 receives radio waves emitted from three or more (preferably four or more) GPS satellites 1.
  • Electronic positioning means for measuring the current position such as latitude, longitude, altitude and standard time (time) by triangulation based on the measured distance to each GPS satellite 1 Used as the electronic positioning means, a method using FM (Frequency Modulation) radio waves can be used instead. Further, the position data obtained as a result of the positioning may be obtained as electronic positioning means power.
  • FM Frequency Modulation
  • reference numeral 2 denotes an authentication requester
  • reference numeral 3 denotes a location authentication service provider, which respectively owns and manages an authentication acquisition terminal 20 as an authentication acquisition device and an authentication server 30 as an authentication device.
  • the authentication acquisition terminal 20 and the authentication server 30 are connected via a network (not shown)! Puru.
  • the authentication acquisition terminal 20 receives GPS data (radio waves for positioning and measuring (determining) the latitude, longitude, altitude, and time) from the built-in GPS receiver, and determines the current position and determines the time ( Measurement) and issues an authentication encryption key acquisition request to the authentication server 30 to authenticate the measured position data and the determined time data.
  • the authentication server 30 issues authentication encryption key data to the requested authentication acquisition terminal 20, and the authentication acquisition terminal 20 integrates the position data, the time data, and the authentication encryption key data. It generates bundle data and issues an authentication request to the authentication server 30.
  • the authentication server 30 transmits the result of the authentication to the authentication acquisition terminal 20, and the authentication acquisition terminal 20 receiving the result transfers the authentication data to the application. In this way, an appropriate load distribution can be performed between the authentication acquisition terminal 20 and the authentication server 30, so that the authentication requester 2 can obtain a quick response result at the site, and 30 burden reduction Peel off. The details will be described below.
  • FIG. 2 is an operation sequence diagram cited for explaining the overall operation of the authentication system of the present invention.
  • the operation sequence between the GPS satellite 1, the authentication terminal 20, and the authentication server 30 is shown.
  • the authentication acquisition terminal 20 receives a radio wave transmitted by the GPS satellite 1 and performs a positioning process (S21).
  • the radio wave (GPS data) transmitted by the GPS satellite 1 is also delivered to the authentication server 30, and the authentication server 30 performs the same processing as necessary (S22).
  • the authentication acquisition terminal 20 issues a time stamp request to the authentication server 30 (S23), and the authentication server 30 that has received the time stamp transmits a time stamp for synchronization (S24).
  • the authentication acquisition terminal 20 Before and after receiving the time stamp, the authentication acquisition terminal 20 issues an authentication encryption key acquisition request to the authentication server 30 (S25), and bundles the position data, the time stamp, and the received authentication encryption key data. Issue a certification request (S26, S27). Subsequently, an authentication result is transmitted from the authentication server 30, and the authentication acquisition terminal 20 passes the authentication data to the application.
  • the bundled data is ⁇ a. Location data at the time of positioning, b. C.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the flow of the operation of the authentication acquisition terminal 20 in that case.
  • the authentication acquiring terminal 20 first acquires radio waves (GPS data) of the GPS satellite 1 (S31), executes a positioning process (S32), and obtains the latitude, longitude, and altitude of the authentication acquiring terminal 20. Obtain position data indicating the current position. Then, a time stamp for synchronization is received from the authentication server 30, and a request for issuing an authentication encryption key is transmitted (S33, S34). Then, it waits for the issuance of the authentication encryption key from the authentication server 30 (S35), generates bundle data of the received authentication encryption key data, position data, and time stamp (time data), and transmits the bundle data to the authentication server 30. (S36). Next, the authentication data from the authentication server 30 When the authentication result is received (S37 ⁇ Yes), the authentication result is delivered to the application (S38).
  • GPS data radio waves
  • S31 executes a positioning process
  • S32 Obtain position data indicating the current position.
  • a time stamp for synchronization is received from the authentication server 30, and a request for is
  • terminal processing in the authentication acquisition terminal 20 is mainly performed, so that location confirmation at the site is facilitated.
  • RFID Radio Frequency
  • Identification can be used to track the distribution of dangerous goods and valuables by combining with tags.
  • the positioning equation for positioning the radio wave position obtained from the GPS satellite 1 is represented by the following equation.
  • X, Y, ⁇ known satellite position
  • X, ⁇ , ⁇ unknown receiver position
  • known pseudorange Includes the actual distance between satellite GPS receivers calculated from the received signal, clock error, propagation delay, and receiver noise. Of these, satellite clock error and propagation delay are corrected before solving)
  • FIG. 4 shows an operation conceptual diagram when the authentication system of the present invention is applied to an imaging device (for example, a digital camera).
  • an imaging device for example, a digital camera
  • the digital camera 40 operates as the authentication acquisition terminal 20 of the present invention.
  • the digital camera 40 is connected to the authentication server 30 of the location authentication service provider 3 via the communication module 49.
  • location authentication image data storage and time authentication are also performed.
  • the digital camera 40 includes, in addition to a camera body (not shown), a GPS satellite 1 to a GPS receiver 41 (including map information data in FIG. 4), an azimuth gyro 42, a geomagnetic sensor 43, temperature, pressure, and humidity. It has an ambient environment sensor 44 for measuring data, etc., an operator ID confirmation unit 45 by inputting biometric data such as fingerprints, and a tag reader unit 46 as input devices.
  • an operator ID confirmation unit 45 by inputting biometric data such as fingerprints
  • a tag reader unit 46 as input devices.
  • the large double circle below the operator ID confirmation unit 45 is a cradle for the operator ID confirmation unit 45 such as a fingerprint sensor.
  • These input data are provided to a CPU 47 (here, an image intrinsic processing unit) serving as a control center and processed.
  • the GPS receiver 41 input of positioning radio waves (including differential input by FM radio waves) from the GPS satellite 1 is obtained (corresponding to “input of positioning means power”), and the azimuth gyro is used.
  • Direction input can be obtained from 42 and geomagnetic sensor 43, ambient environment data such as temperature, pressure, and humidity can be input from environment sensor 44, and biometric data such as fingerprints can be input from operator ID confirmation unit 45.
  • data of an IC tag such as an RFID tag can be input from the tag reader section 46.
  • the captured video data is encrypted in association with the input data, and is recorded on a write-once recording medium 48 (hereinafter referred to as "encryption recording medium") built in the digital camera 40. . Also, it is similarly recorded on the write-once recording medium 36 (authentication archive) of the authentication server 30.
  • the positioning result current position data of the positioning target measured based on the input of the radio wave from the GPS satellite 1 (position positioning means) is associated with the video data and encrypted.
  • the captured video data be tamper-proof after the optical-Z electrical conversion of an image sensor (hereinafter, referred to as an image sensor).
  • an image sensor an image sensor
  • the captured video data is stored simultaneously in a plurality of write-once recording media such as the digital camera 40 and the authentication archive 36 (the authentication archive 36 of the authentication server 30).
  • the connected communication lines shall have high security.
  • the certification archive 36 on the center side shall have necessary access control and shall have a falsification prevention function and a physical protection function.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of the configuration of an image authenticity processing unit that is essential for securing the authenticity of the video and storing the authenticable video.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure. .
  • reference numeral 472 denotes an image sensor unit configured by a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or the like, and is driven by a drive timing signal (S91) generated by the image sensor drive timing unit 471.
  • the security marking generation unit 483 includes the authentication encryption key data generated by the authentication server 30 which is taken in through the authentication encryption key reception unit 476, the external signal reception unit 473, the synchronization time reception unit 474, and the position authentication processing unit.
  • the security masking data is generated by superimposing the time data and the position data obtained via the 475 and supplied to the security marking processing unit 485 (S92).
  • the security marking processing unit 485 is also supplied with the above-described drive timing signal and an image sensor output signal (photographed video data) input via the AZD processing unit 482.
  • the data is combined with the data, and supplied to the camera signal processing unit 489 via the output buffer 484 as video generation basic data (S93).
  • the camera signal processing unit 489 performs processing using the video generation basic data as a camera input signal, and generates and outputs video encryption data including security marking data.
  • the video encrypted data is transmitted and recorded in real time to the authentication archive (write-once recording medium 36) of the authentication server 30 via the secure line 487.
  • the synchronization time stamp (synchronization time receiving unit 474), the measured position data (position authentication processing unit 475), the ambient environment sensor data (various sensors 441 and 442), the operator ID (operation Person ID The receiving unit 477) may be linked and recorded.
  • the above-mentioned data (signals), synchronization time stamp data (synchronization time reception unit 474), measured position data (position authentication processing unit 475), ambient environment sensor data (various sensors 441 and 442), operator ID
  • the data (operator ID receiving unit 477) is stored (recorded) in the encryption recording medium 48 together with the video signal when all the data is received (S94).
  • the demodulation algorithm driven by the security marking data is used to extract the true video data having the data power including the additional data other than the video (security). Demodulation by marking data, S96).
  • the processing for making the optical Z electrical signal conversion timing after the image sensor impossible to falsify has been described.
  • the timing of starting mechanical or electrical shutters that limit the optical input at the stage must be considered as well.
  • an image sensor unit 472 such as a CCD (optical Z-electric conversion element).
  • CCD optical Z-electric conversion element
  • the present invention can be applied to a shutter using ON / OFF of the optical Z-electric conversion element and a mechanical or electronic shutter, and the timing can be appropriately set.
  • the time can be set in consideration of the shutter speed (moving speed of the slit or the like).
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram cited for the purpose of explaining the mutual error difference correction processing in a general manner, and illustrates a photographing-side subsystem 100 and a display-side subsystem 200 as transmission / reception sides.
  • the main configuration of the digital camera 40 described above is shown in the photographing-side subsystem 100.
  • the color data transmitted and received via the network is expressed slightly differently due to the color expression error of each display device.
  • the color on the transmission / reception side man-machine interface at both ends of the system is minimized although the color is not a true color. It is intended for the distribution of data, including data.
  • a standard color template (TP) is prepared, and each standard color component of the captured image generated by the standard template color data generation unit 501 is generated and output.
  • the standard color difference processing unit 502 calculates the difference between the color components of the captured image and the respective standard color components, generates an input color data correction signal, and displays the image data (video data) together with the captured video signal (video data).
  • Send to system 200 The display-side subsystem 200 performs an operation for excluding the received input color data correction signal (difference signal) as an error signal at the time of reproduction, and displays the result.
  • the authentication acquisition device receives the current position data and time data of the positioning target received by the electronic position measurement means such as GPS, and receives the authentication device power when the authentication request is issued. Generates data obtained by integrating the authenticated encryption key and the integrated data, transmits the integrated data to an authentication device connected via a network, and the authentication device uses the authentication encryption key to generate position data and time data. The authentication is then sent back to the authentication requesting device that requested the authentication.This distributes the load between the authentication server at the center and the authentication obtaining device at the site, making it easier to confirm the location at the site. Authentication system can be provided.
  • the authentication acquisition device including the imaging device is configured to operate the imaging device in synchronization with the current time.
  • a security marking data is generated by superimposing the authentication encryption key data transmitted from the authentication device and the current position data of the positioning target that also acquired the position positioning means power on the driving timing signal, and generating the security marking data.
  • the difference between each standard color component prepared in advance is calculated and transmitted to the display subsystem together with the captured video signal as an input color data correction signal
  • the display subsystem secures the trueness of color by performing processing to exclude the received input color data correction signal as an error signal during reproduction. As described above, it is possible to realize consistent security up to the recording of shooting power.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Un système d'authentification présente un dispositif d'acquisition d'authentification (caméra numérique (40)) et un dispositif d'authentification (serveur d'authentification (30)). Le dispositif d'acquisition d'authentification (camera numérique (40)) importe la donnée de position actuelle et la donnée temps d'un objet dont la position est à définir reçue du moyen électronique de définition de position et produit une donnée dans laquelle ces données importées et une clé d'encryptage d'authentification reçue du dispositif d'authentification (30)) sont combinées quand une requête d'authentification est émise. Le dispositif d'authentification (serveur d'authentification (30)) obtient la donnée combinée du dispositif d'acquisition d'authentification (caméra numérique (40)) et authentifie la donnée de position et la donnée de temps en utilisant une clé d'encryptage d'authentification.
PCT/JP2005/008247 2004-04-28 2005-04-28 Authentication system WO2005107148A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2004/006222 WO2005107147A1 (fr) 2004-04-28 2004-04-28 Système d'identification, dispositif d'acquisition de l'identification, et procédé d'identification
JPPCT/JP2004/006222 2004-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005107148A1 true WO2005107148A1 (fr) 2005-11-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2004/006222 WO2005107147A1 (fr) 2004-04-28 2004-04-28 Système d'identification, dispositif d'acquisition de l'identification, et procédé d'identification
PCT/JP2005/008247 WO2005107148A1 (fr) 2004-04-28 2005-04-28 Authentication system

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2004/006222 WO2005107147A1 (fr) 2004-04-28 2004-04-28 Système d'identification, dispositif d'acquisition de l'identification, et procédé d'identification

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007165973A (ja) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-28 Furuno Electric Co Ltd 証明用データ生成装置および認証用データ生成装置
JP2013130395A (ja) * 2011-12-20 2013-07-04 Hitachi Information & Control Solutions Ltd 位置情報認証システムおよび位置情報認証方法
JP2013534622A (ja) * 2010-06-15 2013-09-05 ジ ヨーロピアン ユニオン,リプレゼンテッド バイ ジ ヨーロピアン コミッション 認証可能な時間および場所の指標を提供する方法
TWI760527B (zh) * 2018-02-01 2022-04-11 大陸商星宸科技股份有限公司 對影音檔案加解密的方法及系統

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JP4946016B2 (ja) 2005-11-25 2012-06-06 富士ゼロックス株式会社 多色表示用光学組成物、光学素子、及び光学素子の表示方法

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JP2000101884A (ja) * 1998-09-17 2000-04-07 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 電子カメラ
JP2001033537A (ja) * 1999-07-23 2001-02-09 Nec Corp 位置認証システム及びこれに用いる電子機器
JP2002218389A (ja) * 2001-01-23 2002-08-02 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 電子カメラ

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JP2000050193A (ja) * 1998-07-27 2000-02-18 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd デジタル画像生成方法および装置並びに記憶媒体
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JP2000101884A (ja) * 1998-09-17 2000-04-07 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 電子カメラ
JP2001033537A (ja) * 1999-07-23 2001-02-09 Nec Corp 位置認証システム及びこれに用いる電子機器
JP2002218389A (ja) * 2001-01-23 2002-08-02 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 電子カメラ

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007165973A (ja) * 2005-12-09 2007-06-28 Furuno Electric Co Ltd 証明用データ生成装置および認証用データ生成装置
JP2013534622A (ja) * 2010-06-15 2013-09-05 ジ ヨーロピアン ユニオン,リプレゼンテッド バイ ジ ヨーロピアン コミッション 認証可能な時間および場所の指標を提供する方法
JP2013130395A (ja) * 2011-12-20 2013-07-04 Hitachi Information & Control Solutions Ltd 位置情報認証システムおよび位置情報認証方法
TWI760527B (zh) * 2018-02-01 2022-04-11 大陸商星宸科技股份有限公司 對影音檔案加解密的方法及系統

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