WO2005104373A1 - Method and device for the electrical power supply of an appliance - Google Patents

Method and device for the electrical power supply of an appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005104373A1
WO2005104373A1 PCT/EP2005/051005 EP2005051005W WO2005104373A1 WO 2005104373 A1 WO2005104373 A1 WO 2005104373A1 EP 2005051005 W EP2005051005 W EP 2005051005W WO 2005104373 A1 WO2005104373 A1 WO 2005104373A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
accumulator
copy
voltage
copies
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/051005
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard Nemoz
Sébastien Tricot
Joseph Goilot
Original Assignee
Thales
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales filed Critical Thales
Priority to EP05729758A priority Critical patent/EP1728325A1/en
Publication of WO2005104373A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005104373A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the electrical supply of equipment, by batteries or accumulators, in particular, the emergency power supply, of certain electronic equipment which must maintain a standby state when they are switched off and are no longer supplied by their usual source of electrical energy such as, for example, certain computers on board aircraft which perform various tasks, some of which must be performed permanently, including when the power is turned off (clock function for example).
  • the use of accumulators is unsuitable because of their relatively long charge time and spontaneous discharge rate.
  • Lithium electric batteries are a better solution because of their high energy capacity per unit of volume and of a very low spontaneous discharge making them effective over long periods (several years) when the loads to be supplied consume only low currents .
  • It relates to a process for the electrical supply of equipment by batteries or accumulators, consisting in supplying equipment with several copies of batteries or accumulators put into service, one after the other, by means of a switching device switching from a copy of battery or accumulator in use to a copy of battery or accumulator in reserve on the command of a detector of crossing, by a lower value, of a set point by the electrical voltage of discharging the exemplary battery or accumulator in service, remarkable in that the commissioning of the last exemplary battery or accumulator in reserve triggers a maintenance request alarm.
  • the maintenance request alarm is delayed for a time interval corresponding to a fraction of the average duration of discharge of the copies of battery or accumulator put into service before the last copy of battery or accumulator in reserve.
  • batteries or accumulators there are two examples of batteries or accumulators.
  • the setpoint voltage threshold of the crossing detector is taken equal to the minimum value of the electrical supply voltage required by the voltage regulator.
  • the batteries are of a type having a monotonous low current discharge voltage profile, with a single threshold, without warning sign of exhaustion.
  • the batteries are lithium batteries.
  • the invention also relates to a device for implementing the method comprising two copies of battery or accumulator, a CMOS multiplexer with two inputs and one output, interposed between the copies of battery or accumulator and the equipment to be supplied, and a operational amplifier which is mounted as a comparator comparing the voltage delivered by the exemplary battery or accumulator put into service by the CMOS multiplexer with a minimum voltage threshold and which controls the addressing of the CMOS multiplexer.
  • the CMOS multiplexer and the operational amplifier mounted as a comparator are supplied by the copy (3) of reserve battery or accumulator.
  • the device comprises a discharge maintenance circuit after decommissioning of an exemplary end-of-life battery or accumulator.
  • the discharge maintenance circuit consists of a series connection of a resistor with a diode between the considered copy of battery or accumulator and the output of the operational amplifier mounted as a comparator.
  • This battery-powered emergency power supply device is intended to replace a DC source supplying usual way, the energy consumed by an equipment so that it continues to be able to continuously ensure permanent functions such as a clock function. It is connected for example, by means of a diode switch, in parallel on the usual source of direct current, which is normally imposed by its voltage and which can be of very diverse natures, although often consisting of a rectifier connected to an AC power supply network, such as, for example, the electrical power supply network on board an aircraft.
  • the emergency power supply device includes two copies of battery which it performs successive commissioning thanks to an automatic switching device.
  • the principle of sequential use of the two stack examples is as follows:
  • a first copy ensures operation until its electrical discharge voltage reaches a threshold close to its exhaustion.
  • the diagram of the emergency power supply device presented in the figure allows in a simple way the implementation of such a deferred maintenance strategy.
  • This device comprises a CMOS multiplexer 1 with two inputs 10 and 11, and an output 12 interposed between two copies 2, 3 of electric cell and a powered equipment comprising at input a voltage regulator 4.
  • the CMOS multiplexer 1 is used as an inverter switch and enables the voltage regulator 4 placed at the input of the equipment to be supplied by one or other of the battery 2 or 3.
  • This operational amplifier 6 is sensitive to the electrical voltage of the first exemplary battery 2. Its inverting input 61 is biased at a threshold voltage by a bridge of resistors 7, 8 connected in series between the ground and the positive pole of the second copy of battery 3 while its non-inverting input 62 is connected directly to the positive pole of the first copy of battery 2.
  • Its output 63 is connected on the one hand, directly to the addressing input 13 of the CMOS multiplexer 1 and on the other hand to the first exemplary battery 2 by means of a discharge maintenance circuit constituted by a resistor 9 in series with a diode 15 whose sen s anode-cathode is oriented towards its output 63.
  • the first copy of battery 2 is that normally in service and the second copy of battery 3 that normally in reserve, a positive voltage (logic level 1) on input 13 d addressing of the CMOS multiplexer 1 being assumed to correspond to the connection of its first input 10 with its output 12 and a zero or residual voltage (logic level 0) on the addressing input 13 of the CMOS multiplexer 1 being assumed to correspond to the connection of its second input 11 with its output 12.
  • the CMOS multiplexer 1 and the operational amplifier 6, whose consumption is negligible, are supplied by the second copy of battery 3 normally in reserve.
  • the switchover threshold of the comparator formed by the operational amplifier 6, which is defined by the ratio of the resistors 7 and 8 and by the voltage of the second exemplary battery 3, is chosen so as to correspond to the voltage below which the regulator 4 placed at the input of the powered equipment can no longer guarantee the required voltage on the output.
  • the resistor 8 can be replaced by a reference circuit of appropriate voltage.
  • the operational amplifier 6 of the comparator which receives on its non-inverting input 62 the nominal voltage of the stack copies 2, 3 and on its inverting input 61 a lower threshold voltage coming from the resistance bridge 7, 8, delivers at output 63 a positive saturation voltage which, applied to the addressing input 13 of the CMOS multiplexer 1 causes the selection of the first copy of battery 2 as a backup energy source.
  • the electric voltage applied both to the input of the voltage regulator 4 of the powered equipment and to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 6 of the comparator decreases rapidly and goes into below the threshold value fixed by the resistance bridge 7, 8 considered as the admissible limit so that the voltage regulator 4 can guarantee the required voltage on its output.
  • this voltage close to zero causes the switching thereof and the selection of the second copy of battery 3 as a backup power source.
  • a capacitor 5 ensures, if necessary, the permanence of the voltage on the input of the current regulator 4 of the equipment supplied during the switching of the CMOS switch 1.
  • the zero crossing of the voltage of the output 63 of the operational amplifier 6 of the comparator signals the need for a change of the first copy of battery 2 and therefore for maintenance.
  • the comparator output voltage can be periodically acquired to find out the battery copy service.
  • the diagram of battery backup power supply device which has just been described can easily be generalized to more than two copies of batteries. One way to do this is to replace the multiplexer
  • CMOS 1 with two inputs, by a CMOS multiplexer with more than two inputs, to insert a counter between its addressing input which passes to several bits, and the output of the operational amplifier 6 of the comparator and to connect the input no reverser of the operational amplifier 6 at the output of the CMOS multiplexer.
  • the operational amplifier 6, the CMOS multiplexer and its address counter remain supplied by the last copy of the battery in reserve.
  • the diagram can be completed by a decoder circuit of the state of the addressing counter making it possible to know the exemplary stack in service and signaling the need for a maintenance operation when the last exemplary stack is put in service.
  • Another way of proceeding consists in associating with each copy of stack, except for the last copy in reserve, an individual comparator connected like the comparator 6 of the figure, to replace the CMOS multiplexer 1 with two inputs, by a CMOS multiplexer with more than two inputs and to be inserted between the addressing input of the CMOS multiplexer and the outputs of the comparators a combinatorial priority encoding device.
  • the exemplary batteries used are preferably of the lithium type because of their very stable discharge voltage profile. But any type of battery can be used since their discharge voltage profile need not show early signs of exhaustion.

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to provide an emergency power supply for certain electronic appliances which must be maintained in standby mode when the power is turned off and they are no longer powered by means of the usual electrical energy source thereof, and more specifically to authorise stand-alone maintenance operations without interrupting the standby mode. According to the inventive method, an appliance is powered by means of a plurality (2, 3) of batteries or accumulators which are successively activated by a switching device (1) controlled by a sensor (6) for crossing a nominal threshold by a lower value, by means of the electrical discharge voltage of the operating battery or accumulator (2), and to trigger an alarm requesting maintenance when the last stored battery or accumulator is activated.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF D'ALIMENTATION ELECTRIQUE D'UN EQUIPEMENTMETHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELECTRICALLY SUPPLYING EQUIPMENT
Lg présente invention concerne l'alimentation électsique d'équipements, par piles ou accumulateurs, notamment, l'alimentation électrique en secours, de certains équipements électroniques devant conserver un état de veille lorsqu'ils sont mis hors tension et ne sont plus alimentés par leur source d'énergie électrique habituelle comme, par exemple, certains calculateurs embarqués à bord d'aéronef qui remplissent différentes tâches dont certaines doivent être assurées de manière permanente y compris lors des mises hors tension (fonction horloge par exemple). Lorsque les durées des mises sous ou hors tension ne sont pas connues, l'emploi d'accumulateurs est peu approprié en raison de leur temps de charge et de leur taux de décharge spontanée relativement élevés. Les piles électriques au lithium sont une meilleure solution en raison de leur capacité énergétique élevée par unité de volume et d'une décharge spontanée très faible les rendant efficaces sur de longues durées (plusieurs années) lorsque les charges à alimenter ne consomment que de faibles courants. Malheureusement, le profil de la tension de décharge des piles électriques au lithium, pour les faibles courants, très stable jusqu'à une chute très abrupte en fin de vie, ne permet pas de baser une stratégie de remplacement préventif sur la survenue d'un signe avant- coureur de décharge, tel qu'une baisse de tension, car le temps restant pour réagir est alors trop court pour être acceptable. Les deux seules stratégies possibles sont alors, soit de remplacer la pile une fois la fin de vie atteinte, c'est à dire après avoir constaté l'interruption du service, soit de remplacer la pile préventivement lors d'interventions périodiques de maintenance. Dans ce dernier cas, il n'y a pas d'interruption non prévue de service mais l'incertitude sur la durée de vie de la pile en raison des dispersions entre les courants réellement consommés d'un équipement à l'autre, oblige à prendre des marges de sécurité importantes et de prévoir une opération de remplacement préventif de la pile bien avant sa durée moyenne réelle de décharge. Il en résulte des contraintes opérationnelles et logistiques accrues pour la maintenance des équipements. On connaît, notamment par la demande européenne de brevet EP 0.843.398 et par le brevet américain US 4,617,473 des circuits automatiques de commutation sur batterie de secours mais ceux-ci ne font que reporter le problème au niveau de la batterie de secours. La présente invention vise à palier ces inconvénients et à permettre de différer le remplacement d'un accumulateur ou d'une pile électrique d'alimentation d'un équipement au-delà de sa durée réelle de décharge et donc d'allonger de manière significative, les intervalles de temps entre les opérations de maintenance. Elle a pour objet un procédé d'alimentation électrique d'un équipement par piles ou accumulateurs, consistant à alimenter un équipement au moyen de plusieurs exemplaires de pile ou accumulateur mis en service, l'un après l'autre, au moyen d'un dispositif de commutation basculant d'un exemplaire de pile ou accumulateur en cours d'utilisation à un exemplaire de pile ou accumulateur en réserve sur la commande d'un détecteur de franchissement, par valeur inférieure, d'un seuil de consigne par la tension électrique de décharge de l'exemplaire de pile ou accumulateur en service, remarquable en ce que la mise en service du dernier exemplaire de pile ou accumulateur en réserve déclenche une alarme de requête de maintenance. Avantageusement, l'alarme de requête de maintenance est retardée sur un intervalle de temps correspondant à une fraction de la durée moyenne de décharge des exemplaires de pile ou accumulateur mis en service avant le dernier exemplaire de pile ou accumulateur en réserve. Avantageusement, les exemplaires de pile ou accumulateur sont en nombre de deux. Avantageusement, lorsque le dispositif de commutation alimente un équipement pourvu en entrée d'un régulateur de tension exigeant une valeur minimale de tension électrique d'alimentation, le seuil de tension de consigne du détecteur de franchissement est pris égal à la valeur minimale de tension électrique d'alimentation exigée par le régulateur de tension. Avantageusement, les piles sont d'un type ayant un profil de tension de décharge à faible courant monotone, à simple seuil, sans signe avant-coureur d'épuisement. Avantageusement, les piles sont des piles au lithium.The present invention relates to the electrical supply of equipment, by batteries or accumulators, in particular, the emergency power supply, of certain electronic equipment which must maintain a standby state when they are switched off and are no longer supplied by their usual source of electrical energy such as, for example, certain computers on board aircraft which perform various tasks, some of which must be performed permanently, including when the power is turned off (clock function for example). When the durations of switching on or off are not known, the use of accumulators is unsuitable because of their relatively long charge time and spontaneous discharge rate. Lithium electric batteries are a better solution because of their high energy capacity per unit of volume and of a very low spontaneous discharge making them effective over long periods (several years) when the loads to be supplied consume only low currents . Unfortunately, the discharge voltage profile of lithium electric cells, for low currents, very stable until a very steep drop at the end of life, does not allow a preventive replacement strategy to be based on the occurrence of a a warning sign of discharge, such as a drop in voltage, since the time remaining to react is then too short to be acceptable. The only two possible strategies are then, either to replace the battery once the end of life is reached, that is to say after having noticed the interruption of service, or to replace the battery preventively during periodic maintenance interventions. In the latter case, there is no unforeseen interruption of service but the uncertainty over the life of the battery due to the dispersions between the currents actually consumed from one equipment to another, requires take significant safety margins and plan a preventive replacement operation for the battery well before its actual average discharge time. This results in increased operational and logistical constraints for equipment maintenance. We know, in particular from European patent application EP 0.843.398 and from US patent US 4,617,473, automatic switching circuits on backup battery but these only report the problem to the backup battery. The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks and to make it possible to postpone the replacement of an accumulator or an electric supply battery for equipment beyond its actual discharge time and therefore to lengthen significantly, the time intervals between maintenance operations. It relates to a process for the electrical supply of equipment by batteries or accumulators, consisting in supplying equipment with several copies of batteries or accumulators put into service, one after the other, by means of a switching device switching from a copy of battery or accumulator in use to a copy of battery or accumulator in reserve on the command of a detector of crossing, by a lower value, of a set point by the electrical voltage of discharging the exemplary battery or accumulator in service, remarkable in that the commissioning of the last exemplary battery or accumulator in reserve triggers a maintenance request alarm. Advantageously, the maintenance request alarm is delayed for a time interval corresponding to a fraction of the average duration of discharge of the copies of battery or accumulator put into service before the last copy of battery or accumulator in reserve. Advantageously, there are two examples of batteries or accumulators. Advantageously, when the switching device feeds an item of equipment provided with a voltage regulator requiring a minimum value of electrical supply voltage, the setpoint voltage threshold of the crossing detector is taken equal to the minimum value of the electrical supply voltage required by the voltage regulator. Advantageously, the batteries are of a type having a monotonous low current discharge voltage profile, with a single threshold, without warning sign of exhaustion. Advantageously, the batteries are lithium batteries.
L'invention à également pour objet un dispositif de mise en œuvre du procédé comportant deux exemplaires de pile ou accumulateur, un multiplexeur CMOS à deux entrées et une sortie, intercalé entre les exemplaires de pile ou accumulateur et l'équipement à alimenter, et un amplificateur opérationnel qui est monté en comparateur comparant la tension délivrée par l'exemplaire de pile ou accumulateur mis en service par le multiplexeur CMOS avec un seuil de tension minimum et qui contrôle l'adressage du multiplexeur CMOS. Avantageusement, le multiplexeur CMOS et l'amplificateur opérationnel monté en comparateur sont alimentés par l'exemplaire (3) de pile ou accumulateur en réserve. Avantageusement, le dispositif comporte un circuit de maintien de décharge après mise hors service d'un exemplaire de pile ou accumulateur en fin de vie.The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method comprising two copies of battery or accumulator, a CMOS multiplexer with two inputs and one output, interposed between the copies of battery or accumulator and the equipment to be supplied, and a operational amplifier which is mounted as a comparator comparing the voltage delivered by the exemplary battery or accumulator put into service by the CMOS multiplexer with a minimum voltage threshold and which controls the addressing of the CMOS multiplexer. Advantageously, the CMOS multiplexer and the operational amplifier mounted as a comparator are supplied by the copy (3) of reserve battery or accumulator. Advantageously, the device comprises a discharge maintenance circuit after decommissioning of an exemplary end-of-life battery or accumulator.
J Avantageusement, le circuit de maintien de décharge est constitué d'un montage en série d'une résistance avec une diode entre l'exemplaire considéré de pile ou d'accumulateur et la sortie de l'amplificateur opérationnel monté en comparateur. J Advantageously, the discharge maintenance circuit consists of a series connection of a resistor with a diode between the considered copy of battery or accumulator and the output of the operational amplifier mounted as a comparator.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantage de l'invention ressortiront de la description ci-après, d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple. Cette description sera faite en regard de la figure unique montrant un schéma d'un dispositif d'alimentation électrique de secours, à piles, conforme à l'invention. Ce dispositif d'alimentation électrique de secours, à piles, est destiné à suppléer une source de courant continu fournissant, de manière habituelle, l'énergie consommée par un équipement afin que celui-ci continue à pouvoir assurer sans interruption des fonctions permanentes comme une fonction d'horloge. Il est connecté par exemple, au moyen d'un aiguillage à diodes, en parallèle sur la,source habituelle de courant continu, qui s'impose normalement par sa tension et qui peut être de natures très diverses, bien que souvent constituée d'un redresseur branché sur un réseau d'alimentation en courant électrique alternatif, comme par exemple, le réseau d'alimentation en courant électrique de bord d'un aéronef. Afin de permettre un remplacement de pile, lors d'une opération de maintenance non préventive mais différée sans que l'équipement alimenté n'interrompe ses tâches permanentes, le dispositif d'alimentation électrique de secours, comporte deux exemplaires de pile dont il effectue la mise en service successive grâce à un dispositif de commutation automatique. Le principe d'utilisation séquentielle des deux exemplaires de pile est le suivant :Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description below, of an embodiment given by way of example. This description will be made with reference to the single figure showing a diagram of an emergency power supply device, with batteries, according to the invention. This battery-powered emergency power supply device is intended to replace a DC source supplying usual way, the energy consumed by an equipment so that it continues to be able to continuously ensure permanent functions such as a clock function. It is connected for example, by means of a diode switch, in parallel on the usual source of direct current, which is normally imposed by its voltage and which can be of very diverse natures, although often consisting of a rectifier connected to an AC power supply network, such as, for example, the electrical power supply network on board an aircraft. In order to allow a battery replacement, during a non-preventive but deferred maintenance operation without the powered equipment interrupting its permanent tasks, the emergency power supply device includes two copies of battery which it performs successive commissioning thanks to an automatic switching device. The principle of sequential use of the two stack examples is as follows:
Un premier exemplaire assure le fonctionnement jusqu'à ce que sa tension électrique de décharge atteigne un seuil proche de son épuisement.A first copy ensures operation until its electrical discharge voltage reaches a threshold close to its exhaustion.
Une fois le premier exemplaire quasiment épuisé, il y a basculement automatique sur la réserve d 'énergie du deuxième exemplaire. Cette situation de basculement est irréversible et constitue le signal à partir duquel une maintenance différée, en vue du changement des deux exemplaires de pile ou accumulateur, doit être planifiée. On dispose pour cela d'un laps de temps prévisible et suffisamment confortable avant l'interruption de service pour que la planification de cette action de maintenance puisse se faire sans conflit avec l'activité opérationnelle. Le schéma de dispositif d'alimentation électrique de secours présenté dans la figure permet de manière simple la mise en œuvre d'une telle stratégie de maintenance différée. Ce dispositif comporte un multiplexeur CMOS 1 à deux entrées 10 et 11 , et une sortie 12 intercalé entre deux exemplaires 2, 3 de pile électrique et un équipement alimenté comportant en entrée un régulateur de tension 4. Le multiplexeur CMOS 1 est utilisé en commutateur inverseur et permet d'alimenter le régulateur de tension 4 placé en entrée de l'équipement par l'un ou l'autre exemplaire de pile 2 ou 3. Un amplificateur opérationnel 6, monté en comparateur, commande l'entrée d'adressage 13 du multiplexeur CMOS 1. Cet amplificateur opérationnel 6 est sensible à la tension électrique du premier exemplaire de pile 2. Son entrée inverseuse 61 est polarisée à une tension de seuil par un pont de résistances 7, 8 connectée en série entre la masse et le pôle positif du deuxième exemplaire de pile 3 tandis que son entrée non inverseuse 62 est connectée directement au pôle positif du premier exemplaire de pile 2. Sa sortie 63 est reliée d'une part, directement à l'entrée d'adressage 13 du multiplexeur CMOS 1 et d'autre part au premier exemplaire de pile 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit de maintien de décharge constitué d'une résistance 9 en série avec une diode 15 dont le sens anode-cathode est orienté en direction de sa sortie 63. Le premier exemplaire de pile 2 est celui normalement en service et le deuxième exemplaire de pile 3 celui normalement en réserve, une tension positive (niveau logique 1) sur l'entrée 13 d'adressage du multiplexeur CMOS 1 étant supposée correspondre à la mise en relation de sa première entrée 10 avec sa sortie 12 et une tension nulle ou résiduelle (niveau logique 0) sur l'entrée d'adressage 13 du multiplexeur CMOS 1 étant supposée correspondre à la mise en relation de sa deuxième entrée 11 avec sa sortie 12. Le multiplexeur CMOS 1 et l'amplificateur opérationnel 6, dont les consommations sont négligeables, sont alimentés par le deuxième exemplaire de pile 3 normalement en réserve. Le seuil de basculement du comparateur formé par l'amplificateur opérationnel 6, qui est défini par le rapport des résistances 7 et 8 et par la tension du deuxième exemplaire de pile 3, est choisi de façon à correspondre à la tension en dessous de laquelle le régulateur 4 placé en entrée de l'équipement alimenté ne peut plus garantir la tension requise sur la sortie. Eventuellement, la résistance 8 peut être remplacée par un circuit de référence de tension appropriée. Lors de l'installation d'exemplaires de piles neuves, quelle que soit la position du multiplexeur CMOS 1 , la tension électrique en entrée de régulateur de tension 4 correspond à la tension nominale de l'exemplaire de pile 2 ou 3 sélectionné. L'amplificateur opérationnel 6 du comparateur, qui reçoit sur son entrée non inverseuse 62 la tension nominale des exemplaires de pile 2, 3 et sur son entrée inverseuse 61 une tension de seuil moindre provenant du pont de résistance 7, 8, délivre en sortie 63 une tension positive de saturation qui, appliquée à l'entrée d'adressage 13 du multiplexeur CMOS 1 provoque la sélection du premier exemplaire de pile 2 comme source d'énergie de secours. Lorsque le premier exemplaire de pile 2 atteint son épuisement, la tension électrique appliquée à la fois en entrée du régulateur de tension 4 de l'équipement alimenté et sur l'entrée non inverseuse de l'amplificateur opérationnel 6 du comparateur diminue rapidement et passe en dessous de la valeur de seuil fixée par le pont de résistance 7, 8 considérée comme la limite admissible pour que le régulateur de tension 4 puisse garantir la tension requise sur sa sortie. Cela provoque le basculement de l'amplificateur opérationnel 6 du comparateur qui se met à délivrer en sortie 63 une tension proche de zéro. Appliquée à l'entrée d'adressage 13 du multiplexeur CMOS 1 , cette tension proche de zéro entraîne la commutation de celui-ci et la sélection du deuxième exemplaire de pile 3 comme source d'énergie de secours. Appliquée au premier exemplaire de pile 2 par l'intermédiaire de la diode 15 en série avec la résistance 9, elle lui assure un courant minimum de décharge, ce qui empêche une remontée de sa tension à vide et rend la commutation stable. Un condensateur 5 assure si besoin la permanence de la tension sur l'entrée du régulateur de courant 4 de l'équipement alimenté durant le basculement du commutateur CMOS 1. Le passage à zéro de la tension de la sortie 63 de l'amplificateur opérationnel 6 du comparateur signale le besoin d'un changement du premier exemplaire de pile 2 et donc d'une maintenance. La tension de sortie du comparateur peut être périodiquement acquise pour connaître l'exemplaire de pile en service. Le schéma de dispositif d'alimentation de secours à piles qui vient d'être décrit peut facilement être généralisé à plus de deux exemplaires de piles. Une manière de faire consiste à remplacer le multiplexeurOnce the first copy is almost exhausted, there is automatic switching to the energy reserve of the second copy. This changeover situation is irreversible and constitutes the signal from which deferred maintenance, with a view to changing the two copies of battery or accumulator, must be planned. For this, there is a foreseeable and sufficiently comfortable period of time before the interruption of service so that the planning of this maintenance action can be done without conflict with operational activity. The diagram of the emergency power supply device presented in the figure allows in a simple way the implementation of such a deferred maintenance strategy. This device comprises a CMOS multiplexer 1 with two inputs 10 and 11, and an output 12 interposed between two copies 2, 3 of electric cell and a powered equipment comprising at input a voltage regulator 4. The CMOS multiplexer 1 is used as an inverter switch and enables the voltage regulator 4 placed at the input of the equipment to be supplied by one or other of the battery 2 or 3. An operational amplifier 6, mounted in comparator, controls the addressing input 13 of the CMOS multiplexer 1. This operational amplifier 6 is sensitive to the electrical voltage of the first exemplary battery 2. Its inverting input 61 is biased at a threshold voltage by a bridge of resistors 7, 8 connected in series between the ground and the positive pole of the second copy of battery 3 while its non-inverting input 62 is connected directly to the positive pole of the first copy of battery 2. Its output 63 is connected on the one hand, directly to the addressing input 13 of the CMOS multiplexer 1 and on the other hand to the first exemplary battery 2 by means of a discharge maintenance circuit constituted by a resistor 9 in series with a diode 15 whose sen s anode-cathode is oriented towards its output 63. The first copy of battery 2 is that normally in service and the second copy of battery 3 that normally in reserve, a positive voltage (logic level 1) on input 13 d addressing of the CMOS multiplexer 1 being assumed to correspond to the connection of its first input 10 with its output 12 and a zero or residual voltage (logic level 0) on the addressing input 13 of the CMOS multiplexer 1 being assumed to correspond to the connection of its second input 11 with its output 12. The CMOS multiplexer 1 and the operational amplifier 6, whose consumption is negligible, are supplied by the second copy of battery 3 normally in reserve. The switchover threshold of the comparator formed by the operational amplifier 6, which is defined by the ratio of the resistors 7 and 8 and by the voltage of the second exemplary battery 3, is chosen so as to correspond to the voltage below which the regulator 4 placed at the input of the powered equipment can no longer guarantee the required voltage on the output. Optionally, the resistor 8 can be replaced by a reference circuit of appropriate voltage. When installing new batteries, regardless of the position of the CMOS multiplexer 1, the electrical voltage at the voltage regulator input 4 corresponds to the nominal voltage of the selected battery 2 or 3. The operational amplifier 6 of the comparator, which receives on its non-inverting input 62 the nominal voltage of the stack copies 2, 3 and on its inverting input 61 a lower threshold voltage coming from the resistance bridge 7, 8, delivers at output 63 a positive saturation voltage which, applied to the addressing input 13 of the CMOS multiplexer 1 causes the selection of the first copy of battery 2 as a backup energy source. When the first copy of battery 2 reaches its exhaustion, the electric voltage applied both to the input of the voltage regulator 4 of the powered equipment and to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 6 of the comparator decreases rapidly and goes into below the threshold value fixed by the resistance bridge 7, 8 considered as the admissible limit so that the voltage regulator 4 can guarantee the required voltage on its output. This causes the operational amplifier 6 of the comparator to toggle, which starts to deliver at output 63 a voltage close to zero. Applied to the addressing input 13 of the CMOS multiplexer 1, this voltage close to zero causes the switching thereof and the selection of the second copy of battery 3 as a backup power source. Applied to the first example of battery 2 via the diode 15 in series with the resistor 9, it provides it with a minimum discharge current, which prevents a rise in its no-load voltage and makes the switching stable. A capacitor 5 ensures, if necessary, the permanence of the voltage on the input of the current regulator 4 of the equipment supplied during the switching of the CMOS switch 1. The zero crossing of the voltage of the output 63 of the operational amplifier 6 of the comparator signals the need for a change of the first copy of battery 2 and therefore for maintenance. The comparator output voltage can be periodically acquired to find out the battery copy service. The diagram of battery backup power supply device which has just been described can easily be generalized to more than two copies of batteries. One way to do this is to replace the multiplexer
CMOS 1 à deux entrées, par un multiplexeur CMOS à plus de deux entrées, à intercaler un compteur entre son entrée d'adressage qui passe à plusieurs bits, et la sortie de l'amplificateur opérationnel 6 du comparateur et à connecter l'entrée non inverseuse de l'amplificateur opérationnel 6 en sortie du multiplexeur CMOS. Comme précédemment, l'amplificateur opérationnel 6, le multiplexeur CMOS et son compteur d'adressage restent alimentés par le dernier exemplaire de pile en réserve. En outre, le schéma peut être complété par un circuit décodeur de l'état du compteur d'adressage permettant de connaître l'exemplaire de pile en service et signalant la nécessité d'une opération de maintenance lorsque le dernier exemplaire de pile est mis en service. Une autre manière de faire consiste à associer à chaque exemplaire de pile, sauf au dernier exemplaire en réserve, un comparateur individuel connecté comme le comparateur 6 de la figure, à remplacer le multiplexeur CMOS 1 à deux entrées, par un multiplexeur CMOS à plus de deux entrées et à intercaler entre l'entrée d'adressage du multiplexeur CMOS et les sorties des comparateurs un dispositif combinatoire d'encodage de priorité. Comme indiqué précédemment, les exemplaires de pile utilisés sont de préférence du type au lithium en raison de leur profil de tension de décharge très stable. Mais tout type de piles peut être utilisé puisqu'il n'est pas nécessaire que leur profil de tension de décharge montre des signes avant-coureurs d'épuisement. CMOS 1 with two inputs, by a CMOS multiplexer with more than two inputs, to insert a counter between its addressing input which passes to several bits, and the output of the operational amplifier 6 of the comparator and to connect the input no reverser of the operational amplifier 6 at the output of the CMOS multiplexer. As before, the operational amplifier 6, the CMOS multiplexer and its address counter remain supplied by the last copy of the battery in reserve. In addition, the diagram can be completed by a decoder circuit of the state of the addressing counter making it possible to know the exemplary stack in service and signaling the need for a maintenance operation when the last exemplary stack is put in service. Another way of proceeding consists in associating with each copy of stack, except for the last copy in reserve, an individual comparator connected like the comparator 6 of the figure, to replace the CMOS multiplexer 1 with two inputs, by a CMOS multiplexer with more than two inputs and to be inserted between the addressing input of the CMOS multiplexer and the outputs of the comparators a combinatorial priority encoding device. As indicated above, the exemplary batteries used are preferably of the lithium type because of their very stable discharge voltage profile. But any type of battery can be used since their discharge voltage profile need not show early signs of exhaustion.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé d'alimentation électrique d'un équipement par i 5 piles ou accumulateurs, consistant à alimenter un équipement (4) par plusieurs exemplaires (2, 3) de pile ou accumulateur mis en service, l'un après l'autre, au moyen d'un dispositif de commutation (1) basculant d'un exemplaire (2) de pile ou accumulateur en cours d'utilisation à un exemplaire (3) de pile ou accumulateur en réserve1. Process for the electrical supply of an item of equipment by i 5 batteries or accumulators, consisting in supplying an item of equipment (4) with several copies (2, 3) of a stack or accumulator put into service, one after the other, by means of a switching device (1) switching from a copy (2) of battery or accumulator in use to a copy (3) of battery or accumulator in reserve
10 sur la commande d'un détecteur (6) de franchissement, par valeur inférieure, d'un seuil de consigne par la tension électrique de décharge de l'exemplaire de pile ou accumulateur en service, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en outre à déclencher une alarme de requête de maintenance à la mise en service du dernier exemplaire10 on the command of a detector (6) of crossing, by a lower value, of a set point by the electric discharge voltage of the exemplary battery or accumulator in service, characterized in that it further consists to trigger a maintenance request alarm when the last copy is put into service
15 (3) de pile ou accumulateur en réserve.15 (3) of reserve battery or accumulator.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'alarme de requête de maintenance est retardée sur un intervalle de temps correspondant à une fraction de la durée moyenne de2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the maintenance request alarm is delayed over a time interval corresponding to a fraction of the average duration of
20 décharge des exemplaires de pile ou accumulateur mis en service avant le dernier exemplaire de pile ou accumulateur en réserve.20 discharge of the copies of battery or accumulator put into service before the last copy of battery or accumulator in reserve.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les exemplaires (1 , 2) de pile ou accumulateur sont au nombre de 5 deux.3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the copies (1, 2) of battery or accumulator are two in number.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que, ; .;.., lorsque le dispositif de commutation (1) alimente un équipement pourvu en entrée d'un régulateur de tension (4) exigeant une valeur 0 minimale de tension électrique d'alimentation, le seuil de tension de consigne du détecteur de franchissement (6) est pris égal à la valeur minimale de tension électrique d'alimentation exigée par le régulateur de tension (4). 4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that ,; . ; . . , when the switching device (1) supplies an item of equipment provided with a voltage regulator (4) requiring a minimum value 0 of electric supply voltage, the setpoint voltage threshold of the crossing detector (6) is taken equal to the minimum value of the electrical supply voltage required by the voltage regulator (4).
5 5. Procédé selon la revendication (1), caractérisé en ce que les exemplaires (1 , 2) de pile ou accumulateur sont d'un type ayant un profil de tension de décharge à faible courant monotone, à simple seuil, sans signe avant-coureur d'épuisement5 5. Method according to claim (1), characterized in that the copies (1, 2) of battery or accumulator are of a type having a monotonic low current discharge voltage profile, single threshold, without warning of exhaustion
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les exemplaires (1, 2) de pile ou d'accumulateur sont des piles au lithium.6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the copies (1, 2) of battery or accumulator are lithium batteries.
7. Dispositif de mise en œuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant deux exemplaires (1, 2) de pile ou accumulateur, un multiplexeur CMOS (1) à deux entrées (10, 11) et une sortie (12), intercalé entre les exemplaires (2, 3) de pile ou accumulateur et l'équipement à alimenter (4), et un amplificateur opérationnel (6) qui est monté en comparateur comparant la tension délivrée par l'exemplaire (1) de pile ou accumulateur mis en service par le multiplexeur CMOS (1 ) avec un seuil de tension minimum et qui contrôle l'adressage du multiplexeur CMOS (1), caractérisé en ce que le multiplexeur CMOS (1) et l'amplificateur opérationnel (6) monté en comparateur sont alimentés par l'exemplaire (3) de pile ou accumulateur en réserve.7. Device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising two copies (1, 2) of battery or accumulator, a CMOS multiplexer (1) with two inputs (10, 11) and an output (12), interposed between the copies (2, 3) of battery or accumulator and the equipment to be supplied (4), and an operational amplifier (6) which is mounted by comparator comparing the voltage delivered by the copy (1) of battery or accumulator put in service by the CMOS multiplexer (1) with a minimum voltage threshold and which controls the addressing of the CMOS multiplexer (1), characterized in that the CMOS multiplexer (1) and the operational amplifier (6) mounted as a comparator are supplied by the copy (3) of reserve battery or accumulator.
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un circuit de maintien de décharge (9, 15) après mise hors service d'un exemplaire (2) de pile ou accumulateur en fin de vie. 8. Device according to claim 7 characterized in that it comprises a discharge maintenance circuit (9, 15) after decommissioning of a copy (2) of end-of-life battery or accumulator.
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit de maintien de décharge est constitué d'un montage en série d'une résistance (9) avec une diode (15) entre l'exemplaire considéré (2) de pile ou d'accumulateur et la sortie de l'amplificateur opérationnel (6) monté en comparateur. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said discharge maintenance circuit consists of a series connection of a resistor (9) with a diode (15) between the considered copy (2) of battery or accumulator and the output of the operational amplifier (6) mounted as a comparator.
PCT/EP2005/051005 2004-03-23 2005-03-07 Method and device for the electrical power supply of an appliance WO2005104373A1 (en)

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FR0402989 2004-03-23
FR0402989A FR2868220B1 (en) 2004-03-23 2004-03-23 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ELECTRICALLY SUPPLYING AN EQUIPMENT

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BE1023569B1 (en) * 2016-07-28 2017-05-08 Emmanuel Nabimana POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

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FR2868220A1 (en) 2005-09-30
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