WO2005095161A1 - Multifunctional upfront sensor - Google Patents

Multifunctional upfront sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005095161A1
WO2005095161A1 PCT/EP2005/050745 EP2005050745W WO2005095161A1 WO 2005095161 A1 WO2005095161 A1 WO 2005095161A1 EP 2005050745 W EP2005050745 W EP 2005050745W WO 2005095161 A1 WO2005095161 A1 WO 2005095161A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor element
measuring device
distance measuring
vehicle
distance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/050745
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfred Kuttenberger
Matthias Wellhoefer
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to US11/547,047 priority Critical patent/US20080134782A1/en
Priority to JP2006500138A priority patent/JP2007526841A/en
Priority to DE502005003744T priority patent/DE502005003744D1/en
Priority to CN2005800108848A priority patent/CN1942344B/en
Priority to EP05716757A priority patent/EP1735191B1/en
Publication of WO2005095161A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005095161A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0136—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to actual contact with an obstacle, e.g. to vehicle deformation, bumper displacement or bumper velocity relative to the vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/86—Combinations of sonar systems with lidar systems; Combinations of sonar systems with systems not using wave reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0134—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/86—Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2015/937—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles sensor installation details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/027—Constructional details of housings, e.g. form, type, material or ruggedness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/521—Constructional features

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor element for detecting the acceleration of a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the aim of this technology is to calculate different accident scenarios and to activate different restraint systems, such as airbags or belt tensioners.
  • the control device of the vehicle should be able to distinguish critical collisions from cases that do not require the restraint means to be triggered.
  • control unit can use the data provided by the upfront sensor to precisely calculate at an early stage whether it is necessary to deploy an airbag.
  • the basic principle of all sensors for measuring an acceleration is to detect the effect of the acceleration on a damped spring-mass system, a so-called seismic mass.
  • the seismic mass which is elastically coupled to the housing, is displaced by the acceleration.
  • the task of the sensors is to evaluate the degree of deflection due to acceleration by means of piezo-resistive, capacitive or frequency-analogous arrangements. With acceleration sensors attached to the vehicle, the displacement of the seismic mass is most often measured by changes in capacities.
  • the seismic mass is designed as an electrode of one or more capacitors, this arrangement preferably being constructed as a differential capacitor, so that the plate spacing of one capacitor is reduced by the same amount as that of the other increases.
  • the measuring voltage in the arrangement is proportional to the mass shift.
  • the capacitors are designed in the form of a micromechanical comb structure which is applied to the surface of a silicon wafer.
  • Ultrasonic distance sensors are known, in which a pulse signal is emitted by an evaluation unit and the time until an echo signal is received is measured. Only then does a new transmission pulse occur. If the sound signals hit an object, they are reflected and by a sound receiver
  • Distance measuring device received. Via a computer unit which controls the sound source and the sound receiver, the received sound signals are identified, the transit time of the sound signals is calculated and a distance of the object reflecting the sound signals is determined therefrom.
  • Such distance measuring devices are used, for example, in distance warning systems that the parking aid of. Serve motor vehicles. Parking aids with ultrasonic sensors typically monitor an area of approximately 30 cm to 150 cm behind or in front of the vehicle. If an obstacle has been detected, the driver is warned by optical or acoustic means.
  • For the distance measurement in the far field by means of electromagnetic radiation of the insert in the form of radar and lidar (light of near infrared region) "is known. In the radar, the distance to other objects in a narrow beam is determined before the vehicle up to 120 m.
  • the control device 5 simple the relative speed of the foreign object are calculated with respect to the vehicle.
  • L 0 acceleration sensors are to be jointly evaluated in order to intelligently activate the corresponding restraint systems, such as belt tensioners and airbags, since the extent of the activation depends not only on the weight of the vehicle passengers to be protected, but also on the type and severity of the accident.
  • the information can be provided by the control unit shortly after either for the decision to trigger the restraint device
  • this object is achieved by means of a sensor element for detecting the acceleration of a motor vehicle with the features mentioned in claim 1.
  • the sensor element comprises at least one distance measuring device for measuring the distance of an object located in the measuring range of the distance measuring device, it is advantageously achieved that the two measuring principles mentioned above are combined in one and the same component, resulting in a high
  • a radar is used as a distance measuring device, distances from other vehicles in the far range are detected and thus allow the remaining time before the impact to be calculated relatively early.
  • the relative speed between the vehicle and a foreign object can be calculated on the basis of the signals supplied to the evaluation electronics, which makes it possible to differentiate between different accident scenarios.
  • the control unit can be parameterized early on the basis of the received signals. In particular, when comparing the relative speed between the vehicle and the detected foreign object with the speed of the vehicle, it can possibly be ruled out that the foreign object is a pedestrian.
  • the sensor element senses biaxially. This ensures that the above-mentioned classification of an impact can also be carried out for a side or angled impact. With triaxial sensation, acceleration in the vertical direction can also be detected, which becomes relevant when driving on uneven terrain (off-road detection).
  • the distance measuring device is mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle relative to the seismic mass in the forward direction. This ensures that the distance measuring device can be oriented forward and is not obstructed in the field of view. Further preferred embodiments of the invention result from the features mentioned in the subclaims.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sensor element designated 100 in total.
  • An acceleration measuring device 10 is accommodated together with a distance measuring device 16 in a common sensor housing 12.
  • a distance measuring device 16 is accommodated together with a distance measuring device 16 in a common sensor housing 12.
  • L5 distance measuring device 16 is attached with respect to the direction of travel in front of the acceleration measuring device 10.
  • the distance measuring device 16 is preferably flush with the front surface of the vehicle 18. Signals from the acceleration measuring device 10 and the distance measuring device 16 are - only shown schematically here - supplied to an evaluation electronics 14, both of which
  • the acceleration measuring device 10 Because of the positioning of the acceleration measuring device 10 very far forward with respect to the driving body, the latter has to tolerate very high accelerations in the event of an impact, which can be achieved with a higher setting cLes measuring range than with acceleration measuring devices lying further back. Likewise, the sensor housing 12 must be robust enough to

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to provide a compact multifunctional sensor element. To this end, a sensor element for detecting the acceleration of a motor vehicle is additionally provided with a distance measuring device for measuring the distance between the motor vehicle and a foreign object.

Description

Multifunktionaler UpfrontsensorMultifunctional upfront sensor
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sensorelement zur Erfassung der Beschleunigung eines Fahrzeuges gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a sensor element for detecting the acceleration of a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es ist bekannt, Beschleunigungssensoren im Fronfbereich eines Fahrzeuges zu positionieren (so genannte Upfirontsensoren), um in einer frühen Phase eines UnfallsIt is known to position acceleration sensors in the front area of a vehicle (so-called upfront sensors) in order to detect an early phase of an accident
Informationen zu dessen Schwere zu liefern. Mit dieser Technik soll erreicht werden, verschiedene Unfallszenarien zu berechnen und dementsprechend verschiedene Rückhaltesysteme, wie zum Beispiel Airbag oder Gurtstraffer, zu aktivieren. Insbesondere soll das Steuergerät des Fahrzeuges kritische Zusammenstöße von solchen Fällen unterscheiden können, die keine Auslösung der Rückhaltemittel erfordern. DasTo provide information about its severity. The aim of this technology is to calculate different accident scenarios and to activate different restraint systems, such as airbags or belt tensioners. In particular, the control device of the vehicle should be able to distinguish critical collisions from cases that do not require the restraint means to be triggered. The
Steuergerät kann zum Beispiel aufgrund der vom Upfrontsensor gelieferten Daten zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt präzise errechnen, ob die Auslösung eines Airbags notwendig ist.For example, the control unit can use the data provided by the upfront sensor to precisely calculate at an early stage whether it is necessary to deploy an airbag.
Das Grundprinzip aller Sensoren zur Messung einer Beschleunigung besteht darin, die Wirkung der Beschleunigung auf ein gedämpftes Feder-Masse-System, eine so genannte seismische Masse, zu detektieren. Durch die Beschleunigung verschiebt sich die elastisch an das Gehäuse angekoppelte seismische Masse. Aufgabe der Sensoren ist es, den Grad der beschleunigungsbedingten Auslenkung durch piezo-resistive, kapazitive oder frequenzanaloge Anordnungen auszuwerten. Bei am Fahrzeug angebrachten Beschleunigungssensoren wird die Verschiebung der seismischen Masse am häufigsten durch Änderungen von Kapazitäten gemessen. Dabei ist die seismische Masse als Elektrode eines oder mehrerer Kondensatoren ausgebildet, wobei diese Anordnung vorzugsweise als Differentialkondensator aufgebaut ist, so dass sich der Plattenabstand des einen Kondensators um den gleichen Betrag verringert, wie sich der des anderen vergrößert. Die Messspannung in der Anordnung ist dabei der Massenverschiebung proportional.The basic principle of all sensors for measuring an acceleration is to detect the effect of the acceleration on a damped spring-mass system, a so-called seismic mass. The seismic mass, which is elastically coupled to the housing, is displaced by the acceleration. The task of the sensors is to evaluate the degree of deflection due to acceleration by means of piezo-resistive, capacitive or frequency-analogous arrangements. With acceleration sensors attached to the vehicle, the displacement of the seismic mass is most often measured by changes in capacities. The seismic mass is designed as an electrode of one or more capacitors, this arrangement preferably being constructed as a differential capacitor, so that the plate spacing of one capacitor is reduced by the same amount as that of the other increases. The measuring voltage in the arrangement is proportional to the mass shift.
Die Kondensatoren sind bei Upfrontsensoren in Form einer mikromechanischen Kammstruktur ausgebildet, die auf der Oberfläche eines Siliziumwafers aufgebracht ist.In the case of upfront sensors, the capacitors are designed in the form of a micromechanical comb structure which is applied to the surface of a silicon wafer.
Es existiert ein Trend zu einer fortschreitenden Vorverlagerung der Beschleunigungssensoren am Fahrzeuggehäuse. Upfrontsensoren werden bereits an Positionen in der Knautschzone des Fahrzeuges direkt hinter dem Außenblech beziehungsweise an der Stoßstange getestet.There is a trend towards a progressive advance of the acceleration sensors on the vehicle housing. Ufront sensors are already tested at positions in the crumple zone of the vehicle directly behind the outer panel or on the bumper.
Bekannt sind außerdem verschiedenartige Sensoren zur Messung des Abstandes zwischen dem Fahrzeug und einem fremden Objekt, welche vorwiegend für Komfort- und Sicherheitsfunktionen eingesetzt werden. Das Grundprinzip solcher Sensoren ist das Echolotverfahren.Also known are various types of sensors for measuring the distance between the vehicle and a foreign object, which are mainly used for comfort and safety functions. The basic principle of such sensors is the sounder method.
So sind Ultraschallabstandssensoren bekannt, bei denen von einer Auswerteeinheit ein Pulssignal ausgesendet und die Zeit bis zum Eingang eines Echosignals gemessen wird- Erst danach erfolgt ein neuer Sendeimpuls. Sofern die Schallsignale auf einen Gegenstand treffen, werden diese reflektiert und von einem Schallempfänger derUltrasonic distance sensors are known, in which a pulse signal is emitted by an evaluation unit and the time until an echo signal is received is measured. Only then does a new transmission pulse occur. If the sound signals hit an object, they are reflected and by a sound receiver
Abstandsmesseinrichtung empfangen. Über eine Rechnereinheit, die die Schallquelle und den Schallempfänger steuert, werden die empfangenen Schallsignale identifiziert, die Laufzeit der Schallsignale berechnet und hieraus eine Entfernung des die Schallsignale reflektierenden Objektes ermittelt. Derartige Abstandsmesseinrichtungen werden beispielsweise in Abstandswarnanlagen eingesetzt, die der Einparkhilfe von. Kraftfahrzeugen dienen. Bei Einparkhilfen mit Ultraschallsensoren wird typischerweise ein Bereich von circa 30 cm bis 150 cm hinter oder vor dem Fahrzeug überwacht. Wenn ein Hindernis erkannt worden ist, wird der Fahrer durch optische oder akustische Mittel gewarnt. Für die Abstandsmessung im Fernbereich mit Hilfe elektromagnetischer Strahlung ist der Einsatz in Form von Radar und Lidar (Licht des nahen Infrarotbereiches) "bekannt. Beim Radar wird der Abstand zu fremden Objekten in einer schmalen Strahlungskeule bis zu 120 m vor dem Fahrzeug ermittelt. Neben dem Abstand kann das Steuergerät auf 5 einfache "Weise die Relativgeschwindigkeit des fremden Objekts bezüglich des Fahrzeuges errechnen.Distance measuring device received. Via a computer unit which controls the sound source and the sound receiver, the received sound signals are identified, the transit time of the sound signals is calculated and a distance of the object reflecting the sound signals is determined therefrom. Such distance measuring devices are used, for example, in distance warning systems that the parking aid of. Serve motor vehicles. Parking aids with ultrasonic sensors typically monitor an area of approximately 30 cm to 150 cm behind or in front of the vehicle. If an obstacle has been detected, the driver is warned by optical or acoustic means. For the distance measurement in the far field by means of electromagnetic radiation of the insert in the form of radar and lidar (light of near infrared region) "is known. In the radar, the distance to other objects in a narrow beam is determined before the vehicle up to 120 m. In addition to the distance, the control device 5 simple ", the relative speed of the foreign object are calculated with respect to the vehicle.
Für eine Verbesserung der Funktionalität der passiven Sicherheit im Fahrzeug ist es erwünscht, die Informationen, welche von den oben genannten Abstands- undIn order to improve the functionality of passive safety in the vehicle, it is desirable to use the information provided by the above-mentioned distance and
L 0 Beschleunigungssensoren herstammen, gemeinsam auszuwerten, um intelligent die entsprechenden Rückhaltesysteme, wie Gurtstraffer und Airbags, zu aktivieren, da das Ausmaß der Aktivierung neben dem Gewicht der zu schützenden Fahrzeugpassagiere vor allem von Art und Schwere des Unfalls abhängt. Die Informationen können vom Steuergerät entweder für die Entscheidung über eine Auslösung der Rückhaltemittel kurz nachL 0 acceleration sensors are to be jointly evaluated in order to intelligently activate the corresponding restraint systems, such as belt tensioners and airbags, since the extent of the activation depends not only on the weight of the vehicle passengers to be protected, but also on the type and severity of the accident. The information can be provided by the control unit shortly after either for the decision to trigger the restraint device
L 5 dem Aufprall (Preset) oder sogar noch davor (Prefϊre) benutzt werden.L 5 after impact (preset) or even before (pref).
Darstellung der Erfindung, Aufgabe, Lösung, VorteilePresentation of the invention, task, solution, advantages
Aufgäbe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein kompaktes, multifunktionelles 20 Sensorelement bereitzustellen.It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact, multi-functional sensor element.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe mittels eines Sensorelements zur Erfassung der Beschleunigung eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit den im Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of a sensor element for detecting the acceleration of a motor vehicle with the features mentioned in claim 1.
25 Dadurch, dass das Sensorelement wenigstens eine Abstandsmesseinrichtung zur Messung des Abstandes eines sich im Messbereich der Abstandsmesseinrichtung befindlichen Objektes umfasst, wird vorteilhaft erreicht, dass die beiden oben genannten Messprinzipien in ein und demselben Bauelement vereint werden, wodurch eine hoheBecause the sensor element comprises at least one distance measuring device for measuring the distance of an object located in the measuring range of the distance measuring device, it is advantageously achieved that the two measuring principles mentioned above are combined in one and the same component, resulting in a high
30 Funktionalität zu geringeren Herstellungskosten entsteht. Dies betrifft niedrigere Materialkosten für Kabel und Gehäuse sowie herabgesetzte Fertigungskosten. Infolgedessen kann es zu hohen Ausstattungsraten selbst bei Volumensegmenten (Kleinwagen) kommen.30 functionality arises at lower manufacturing costs. This affects lower material costs for cables and housings as well as reduced manufacturing costs. As a result, there can be high equipment rates even for volume segments (small cars).
35 Durch den -vorgeschlagenen Sensor können mehrere unterschiedliche Fiinktionalitäten realisiert werden, welche durch Erweiterung der Logik im Steuergerät progressiv verzahnt werden können. Neben der vorausschauenden Funktionalität, welche in bekannter Weise zum Fußgängerschutz und zur Parkhilfe dienen kann, können Signale, die durch die beiden Messprinzipien an die Auswerteelektronik gesandt werden, dazu benutzt werden, Informationen über die Schwere eines Aufpralls auf ein fremdes Objekt herzuleiten.35 With the proposed sensor, several different functionalities can be realized, which are progressive by expanding the logic in the control unit can be interlocked. In addition to the predictive functionality, which can be used in a known manner for pedestrian protection and for parking assistance, signals that are sent to the evaluation electronics by the two measuring principles can be used to derive information about the severity of an impact on a foreign object.
Im Falle der Benutzung eines Radars als Abstandsmesseinrichtung werden Abstände von fremden Fahrzeugen im Fernbereich detektiert und erlauben so die Berechnung der verbleibenden Zeit vor dem Aufprall relativ frühzeitig.If a radar is used as a distance measuring device, distances from other vehicles in the far range are detected and thus allow the remaining time before the impact to be calculated relatively early.
Auch bei Benutzung eines Ultraschallsensors als Abstandsmesseinrichtung im Nahbereich l ann aufgrund der an die Auswerteelektronik gelieferten Signale die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen dem Fahrzeug und einem fremden Objekt berechnet werden, wodurch die Unterscheidung verschiedener Unfallszenarien möglich wird.Even when an ultrasonic sensor is used as a distance measuring device in the near range, the relative speed between the vehicle and a foreign object can be calculated on the basis of the signals supplied to the evaluation electronics, which makes it possible to differentiate between different accident scenarios.
Auf der Grundlage der empfangenen Signale kann das Steuergerät frühzeitig parametrisiert werden. Insbesondere kann beim Vergleich der Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen dem Fahrzeug und dem detektierten fremden Objekt mit der Eigengeschwindigkeit des Fährzeuges gegebenenfalls ausgeschlossen werden, dass es sich bei dem .fremden Objekt um einen Fußgänger handelt.The control unit can be parameterized early on the basis of the received signals. In particular, when comparing the relative speed between the vehicle and the detected foreign object with the speed of the vehicle, it can possibly be ruled out that the foreign object is a pedestrian.
Es kann auch, festgestellt werden, ob sich tatsächlich ein Objekt angenähert hat oder ob das Fahrzeug durch reine Schwingungen die gemessene Beschleunigung erfahren hat.It can also be determined whether an object has actually approached or whether the vehicle has experienced the measured acceleration through pure vibrations.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Sensorelement biaxial sensiert. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass sich die oben genannte Klassifizierung eines Aufpralls auch für einen Seiten- oder Schrägaufprall durchführen lässt. Bei triaxialer Sensienmg kann auch eine Beschleunigung in vertikaler Richtung detektiert werden, welche beim Fähren auf unebenem Gelände relevant wird (Offroaderkennung).In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the sensor element senses biaxially. This ensures that the above-mentioned classification of an impact can also be carried out for a side or angled impact. With triaxial sensation, acceleration in the vertical direction can also be detected, which becomes relevant when driving on uneven terrain (off-road detection).
Insbesondere ist bevorzugt, dass die Abstandsmesseinrichtung relativ zur seismischen Masse in Vorwärtsrichtung parallel zur Fährzeuglängsachse angebracht ist. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass die Abstandsmesseinrichtung nach vorne orientiert werden kann und nicht im Sich-tfeld behindert wird. Weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den in den nteransprüchen genannten Merkmalen.In particular, it is preferred that the distance measuring device is mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle relative to the seismic mass in the forward direction. This ensures that the distance measuring device can be oriented forward and is not obstructed in the field of view. Further preferred embodiments of the invention result from the features mentioned in the subclaims.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnung 5 Nfachstehend wird die Erfindung in einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung, die eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen multifunktionellen Upfrontsensor z:eigt, näher erläutert.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The invention is explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows a schematic plan view of a multifunctional upfront sensor.
L0 Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungL0 Best way to practice the invention
Figur 1 zeigt ein insgesamt mit 100 bezeichnetes Sensorelement. Eine Θeschleunigungsmesseinrichtung 10 ist zusammen mit einer Abstandsmesseinrichtung 16 in einem gemeinsamen Sensorgehäuse 12 untergebracht. Dabei ist dieFIG. 1 shows a sensor element designated 100 in total. An acceleration measuring device 10 is accommodated together with a distance measuring device 16 in a common sensor housing 12. Here is the
L5 Abstandsmesseinrichtung 16 mit Bezug auf die Fahrtrichtung vor der Beschleunigungsmesseinrichtung 10 angebracht. Die Abstandsmesseinrichtung 16 schließt vorzugsweise bündig mit der Frontfläche des Fahrzeuges 18 ab. Signale der Beschleunigungsmesseinrichtung 10 und der Abstandsmesseinrichtung 16 werden — hier nur schematisch dargestellt - an eine Auswerteelektronik 14 geliefert, welche beideL5 distance measuring device 16 is attached with respect to the direction of travel in front of the acceleration measuring device 10. The distance measuring device 16 is preferably flush with the front surface of the vehicle 18. Signals from the acceleration measuring device 10 and the distance measuring device 16 are - only shown schematically here - supplied to an evaluation electronics 14, both of which
20 Signale logisch interpretiert. Wegen der mit Bezug auf die Fahrkarosserie sehr weit vorne liegenden Positionierung der Beschleunigungsmesseinrichtung 10 muss diese im Fall eines Aufpralls sehr hohe Beschleunigungen tolerieren, was mit einer höheren Einstellung cLes Messbereiches als bei weiter hinten liegenden Beschleunigungsmesseinrichtungen erreicht werden kann. Ebenso muss das Sensorgehäuse 12 robust genug sein, um die20 signals interpreted logically. Because of the positioning of the acceleration measuring device 10 very far forward with respect to the driving body, the latter has to tolerate very high accelerations in the event of an impact, which can be achieved with a higher setting cLes measuring range than with acceleration measuring devices lying further back. Likewise, the sensor housing 12 must be robust enough to
25 Funktion der Beschleunigungsmesseinrichtung 10 während der ersten 50 ms nach einem Aufprall zu gewährleisten. Ähnliches gilt für die Datenübertragung an das Steuergerät.25 to ensure the function of the acceleration measuring device 10 during the first 50 ms after an impact. The same applies to data transmission to the control unit.
Für die Realisierung der beschriebenen Funktionalität des Upfrontsensors ist die Ausstaltimg eines Fahrzeuges mit ein bis zwei erfindungsgemäßen Sensoren ausreichend.To implement the described functionality of the upfront sensor, it is sufficient to equip a vehicle with one or two sensors according to the invention.
30 30

Claims

L 0 Patentansprüche L 0 claims
1. Sensorelement zur Erfassung der Beschleunigung eines Kraftf hrzeuges mit einer innerhalb eines Sensorgehäuses federnd aufgehängten seismischen Masse sowie einer Auswerteelektronik zur Erkennung einer beschleumgungsbedingten Auslenkung der1. Sensor element for detecting the acceleration of a motor vehicle with a seismic mass which is resiliently suspended within a sensor housing, and an evaluation electronics for detecting a deflection of the surface due to staining
L5 seismischen Masse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sensorelement (100) wenigstens eine Abstandsmesseinrichtung (16) zur Messung des Abstandes eines sich im Messbereich der Abstandsmesseinrichtung befindlichen Objektes umfasst. 20 2. Sensorelement nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sensorelement (100) biaxial sensiert.L5 seismic mass, characterized in that the sensor element (100) comprises at least one distance measuring device (16) for measuring the distance of an object located in the measuring range of the distance measuring device. 20 2. Sensor element according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor element (100) senses biaxially.
25 3. Sensorelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sensorelement (100) triaxial sensiert.25 3. Sensor element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor element (100) senses triaxially.
4. Sensorelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 30 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstandsmesseinrichtung (16) relativ zur seismischen Masse in Vorwärtsrichtung parallel zur Fährzeuglängsachse angebracht ist.4. Sensor element according to one of the preceding claims, 30 characterized in that the distance measuring device (16) is mounted relative to the seismic mass in the forward direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
5. Sensorelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 35 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstandsmesseinrichtung (16) bündig mit einer Frontfläche des Fährzeuges (18) abschließt.5. Sensor element according to one of the preceding claims, 35 characterized in that the distance measuring device (16) is flush with a front surface of the vehicle (18).
6. Sensorelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstandsmesseinrichtung (16) ein Ultraschallsensor ist.6. Sensor element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance measuring device (16) is an ultrasonic sensor.
7. Sensorelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstandsmesseinrichtung (16) ein Radar ist.7. Sensor element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance measuring device (16) is a radar.
8. Sensorelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstandsmesseinrichtung (16) ein Lidar ist. 8. Sensor element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance measuring device (16) is a lidar.
PCT/EP2005/050745 2004-04-02 2005-02-21 Multifunctional upfront sensor WO2005095161A1 (en)

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US11/547,047 US20080134782A1 (en) 2004-04-02 2005-02-21 Multifunctional Upfront Sensor
JP2006500138A JP2007526841A (en) 2004-04-02 2005-02-21 Multi-function front sensor
DE502005003744T DE502005003744D1 (en) 2004-04-02 2005-02-21 MULTIFUNCTIONAL UPFRONT SENSOR
CN2005800108848A CN1942344B (en) 2004-04-02 2005-02-21 Multifunctional upfront sensor
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