WO2005095028A1 - Submerged nozzle for continuous casting of metals - Google Patents
Submerged nozzle for continuous casting of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005095028A1 WO2005095028A1 PCT/CZ2005/000025 CZ2005000025W WO2005095028A1 WO 2005095028 A1 WO2005095028 A1 WO 2005095028A1 CZ 2005000025 W CZ2005000025 W CZ 2005000025W WO 2005095028 A1 WO2005095028 A1 WO 2005095028A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- outlet holes
- side outlet
- nozzle
- steel
- basic body
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
Definitions
- the invention concerns a submerged nozzle for intake of steel to the mould during continuous casting of steel especially for continuous casting of round blooms.
- Submerged nozzles are used for supplying of liquid steel stream from tundish below the level of molten metal in the mould in order to protect the cast stream from the secondary oxidization, forbid metal splashing, stop entraining casting powder from the mould level into the volume of solidifying metal, facilitate flowing out inclusions and supply steel to the mould in such a stream, which makes the metal distribution across the moulds section more equal.
- the submerged nozzles can be classified as submerged nozzles with or without pressure stream outlet.
- pressure free submerged nozzles that are characterized by a side outlet holes in the lower part of the nozzle, e.g. four side outlet holes inclined upwards at the angle 10 - 20°.
- the steel coming out from the side holes flows toward the mould walls, collides with the wall of solidifying blank and divides into the stream moving along the mould walls down inside the solidifying blank and the stream moving along the mould walls to the bath level .
- Pressure-free submerged nozzles compared with the pressure submerged nozzles have favorable effect on flowing out of inclusions but the dynamic effect of the stream coming out from the side holes toward the mould walls is strong and has negative influence on crust solidification in the mould, thus cracks, sinks and even breaks of solidified crust leading to subsequent breakthrough can originate . Particularly dangerous is the application of these nozzles for round blanks casting.
- a submerged nozzle for feeding steel to the mould during continuous casting of steel especially for continuous casting of round bloom blanks consisting of the basic body of the nozzle, in which an internal flow channel is created leading to the set of side outlet holes arranged in the lower exit part of the basic body of the nozzle according to the invention which principle consists in the fact that the lower exit part of the basic body of the nozzle with the side outlet holes in the area of their mouths is covered from below by an extended end piece with dish-shaped lower bottom, which is equipped in the upward direction with curved surfaces guiding steel flow from the internal flow channel to the side outlet holes.
- the braking retarder decreasing the speed of flowing out stream of steel from the side outlet holes reduces the dynamic impact of the stream approaching the mould walls and thereby assisting in minimization of turbulence at the division line of the steel surface and melted casting powder.
- the side outlet holes are axisymmetric, their axes in the projection plane perpendicular to the axis of the internal flow channel make an angle of 90° with the axis of the internal flow channel .
- the side outlet holes are asymmetric being screw-like curved toward their mouths .
- Screw-like curved asymmetric side outlet holes ensure rotational movement of streams coming out of them and thus help inclusions to flow out and reduce dynamic effect of the stream flowing to the mould walls.
- the submerged nozzle with axisymmetric arrangement of side outlet holes is easier to be- manufactured and better mechanical-thermal-dynamic stability of its basic body during casting is achieved.
- the side outlet holes in individual implementations of the submerged nozzle made in accordance with the invention are advantageously funnel-shaped toward their mouth from the basic body of the nozzle.
- the guiding curved surfaces of steel flow from the internal flow channel to the side outlet holes are advantageously shaped as a part of spherical cap, nevertheless various modifications of their basic shape can be constructed, e.g. ensuring such circumferential speed further eliminating the impact of steel outflow on the mould wall.
- the submerged nozzle according to the invention ensures optimal required overall character of flowing in the mould and provides better conditions for inclusions flowing out. By this the nozzle provides better results of oxide micropurity compared with the steel cast by means of pressure nozzle. By application of the submerged nozzle according to the invention better results in steel micropurity are achieved compared with the application of pressure free nozzles but it can be advantageously applied for casting of round blanks as the steel streams coming out of the outlet holes do not influence negatively the solidification of the round blank.
- Fig. l overall view of the submerged nozzle Fig. 2 - cross section of the first example of manufacture of the lower exit part Fig. 3 - plan view of the first example of manufacture of the lower exit part Fig. 4 - cross section of the second example of manufacture of the lower exit part Fig. 5 - plan view of the second example of manufacture of the lower exit part Fig. 6 - actual view of the lower exit part made according to the first example Fig. 7 - cross section of the actual view of the lower exit part made according to the first example
- Fig. 8 actual view of the lower exit part made according to the second example Fig. 9 - cross section of the actual view of the lower exit part made according to the second example Fig.10 - an example of steel circulation in the mould in individual phases
- the submerged nozzle in the first example of invention realization shown in the FIG. 1, 2 and 3 for feeding steel into the mould during continuous casting of steel consists of the basic body 1 of the nozzle with the upper entry part 2 , in which an internal flow channel 4 is created leading to the set of side outlet holes 5 arranged in the lower exit part 3 of the basic body 1 of the nozzle.
- the lower exit part 3. of the basic body l of the nozzle with the side outlet holes 5 is closed in the vicinity of their mouths from below with the extended end piece 6 shaped closely as an inverted spherical cap of the dish-shaped lower bottom 7 equipped upwards with the curved surfaces £ guiding the flow of steel from the internal flow channel 4. to the side outlet holes 5.
- the outer edges of the guiding curved surfaces 8 of the dish-shaped lower bottom 2 of the extended end piece 6. form the lower output edges 9 of the side outlet holes 5, exceeding sideward the outer shape 10 of the basic body l of the nozzle by the distance P.
- the side outlet holes 5 are in this first example of realization as it is clear especially from FIG. 3 asymmetric and screw-like curved toward their mouths in order to ensure to some extent rotational movement of the outgoing steel streams. At the same time the side outlet holes 5 are funnel-like enlarged toward their mouths from the basic body 1 of the nozzle.
- the guiding curved surfaces 8. of the steel flow from the internal flow channel 4 to the side outlet holes 5 are shaped as a part of spherical cap.
- FIG. 6 and 7 illustrate the actual realization of the submerged nozzle respective its lower exit part 3. in accordance with this realization example.
- FIG. 10 clearly shows individual phases of steel circulation in the mould when using this submerged nozzle namely at the casting speed 0.5 m/min. and the depth of submerging of 220 mm obtained by model testing at the water model .
- Example 2
- the submerged nozzle in the second example of invention realization shown in the FIG. 1, 4 and 5 for feeding steel into the mould during continuous casting of steel similarly as in the first example, consists of the basic body 1 of the nozzle with the upper entry part 2 , in which an internal flow channel 4 is created leading to the set of side outlet holes 5 arranged- in the lower exit part 3_ of the basic body l of the nozzle.
- the lower exit part 3 is also closed in the vicinity of the mouths of the side outlet holes 5 from below with the extended end piece 6 similar as in the first example but unlike the first realization example the side outlet holes 5_ are axisymmetric and their axes in the projection plane perpendicular to the axis of the internal flow channel 4 make an angle of 90° with the axis of the internal flow channel 4.
- FIG. 4 indicates also the side lap P of the lower output edge and outer shape 10 of the basic body 2 of the nozzle.
- FIG. 8 and 9 illustrate the actual realization of the submerged nozzle or its lower exit part 3_ in accordance with this realization example.
- the submerged nozzle according to the invention can be usually utilized in the machines for continuous casting of steel instead of submerged nozzles of the up-to-now known types .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
The submerged nozzle for feeding steel into the mould during continuous casting of steel, especially for continuous casting of round blooms, consisting of the basic body (1) of the nozzle, in which an internal flow channel (4) is created leading to the set of side outlet holes (5) arranged in the lower exit part (3) of the basic body (1) of the nozzle, while the lower exit part (3) of the basic body (1) of the nozzle with the side outlet holes (5) is closed in the vicinity of their mouths from below with the extended end piece (6) exceeding the outer shape (10) of the basic body (1) of the nozzle by the distance P with the dish-shaped lower bottom (7) equipped upwards with curved surfaces (8) guiding the steel flow from the internal flow channel (4) into the side outlet holes (5). Between the dish-shaped lower bottom (7) and guiding curved surfaces (8) there is arranged at least one braking retarder (11).
Description
SUBMERGED NOZZLE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METALS
Field of the Invention
The invention concerns a submerged nozzle for intake of steel to the mould during continuous casting of steel especially for continuous casting of round blooms.
Background of the Invention
Submerged nozzles are used for supplying of liquid steel stream from tundish below the level of molten metal in the mould in order to protect the cast stream from the secondary oxidization, forbid metal splashing, stop entraining casting powder from the mould level into the volume of solidifying metal, facilitate flowing out inclusions and supply steel to the mould in such a stream, which makes the metal distribution across the moulds section more equal. In view of the nozzle mouth under the metal level in the mould the submerged nozzles can be classified as submerged nozzles with or without pressure stream outlet.
When using pressure nozzles that are characterized by one central outlet hole the stream of melted steel is directed inside the solidifying blank with significant depth of penetration into its liquid core. But this creates less favorable conditions for subsequent flowing out of nonmetallic inclusions to the melted casting powder in the mould .
This drawback is eliminated by pressure free submerged nozzles that are characterized by a side outlet holes in the lower part of the nozzle, e.g. four side outlet holes inclined upwards at the angle 10 - 20°. When they are
applied the steel coming out from the side holes flows toward the mould walls, collides with the wall of solidifying blank and divides into the stream moving along the mould walls down inside the solidifying blank and the stream moving along the mould walls to the bath level . Pressure-free submerged nozzles compared with the pressure submerged nozzles have favorable effect on flowing out of inclusions but the dynamic effect of the stream coming out from the side holes toward the mould walls is strong and has negative influence on crust solidification in the mould, thus cracks, sinks and even breaks of solidified crust leading to subsequent breakthrough can originate . Particularly dangerous is the application of these nozzles for round blanks casting.
Summary of the Invention
Above stated disadvantages are eliminated by a submerged nozzle for feeding steel to the mould during continuous casting of steel, especially for continuous casting of round bloom blanks consisting of the basic body of the nozzle, in which an internal flow channel is created leading to the set of side outlet holes arranged in the lower exit part of the basic body of the nozzle according to the invention which principle consists in the fact that the lower exit part of the basic body of the nozzle with the side outlet holes in the area of their mouths is covered from below by an extended end piece with dish-shaped lower bottom, which is equipped in the upward direction with curved surfaces guiding steel flow from the internal flow channel to the side outlet holes.
By elaboration of the invention idea the outer edges of guiding curved surfaces of the dish-shaped lower bottom of the extended end piece form the lower output edges of the
side outlet holes exceeding advantageously the outer shape of the basic body of the nozzle.
Similarly advantageously there is arranged between the lower bottom and guiding curved surfaces in the extended end piece at least one braking retarder of steel flowing speed from the internal flow channel to the side outlet holes created for example by an overflow lip.
The braking retarder decreasing the speed of flowing out stream of steel from the side outlet holes reduces the dynamic impact of the stream approaching the mould walls and thereby assisting in minimization of turbulence at the division line of the steel surface and melted casting powder.
In some advantageous constructions of the submerged nozzle made in accordance with the invention the side outlet holes are axisymmetric, their axes in the projection plane perpendicular to the axis of the internal flow channel make an angle of 90° with the axis of the internal flow channel .
In other advantageous implementations of the submerged nozzle made in accordance with the invention the side outlet holes are asymmetric being screw-like curved toward their mouths .
Screw-like curved asymmetric side outlet holes ensure rotational movement of streams coming out of them and thus help inclusions to flow out and reduce dynamic effect of the stream flowing to the mould walls. On the contrary the submerged nozzle with axisymmetric arrangement of side outlet holes is easier to be- manufactured and better mechanical-thermal-dynamic stability of its basic body during casting is achieved.
The side outlet holes in individual implementations of the submerged nozzle made in accordance with the invention are advantageously funnel-shaped toward their mouth from the basic body of the nozzle.
For production reasons the guiding curved surfaces of steel flow from the internal flow channel to the side outlet holes are advantageously shaped as a part of spherical cap, nevertheless various modifications of their basic shape can be constructed, e.g. ensuring such circumferential speed further eliminating the impact of steel outflow on the mould wall.
The submerged nozzle according to the invention ensures optimal required overall character of flowing in the mould and provides better conditions for inclusions flowing out. By this the nozzle provides better results of oxide micropurity compared with the steel cast by means of pressure nozzle. By application of the submerged nozzle according to the invention better results in steel micropurity are achieved compared with the application of pressure free nozzles but it can be advantageously applied for casting of round blanks as the steel streams coming out of the outlet holes do not influence negatively the solidification of the round blank.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will be further explained by means of drawings of individual examples of submerged nozzle made according to the invention, which illustrate:
Fig. l - overall view of the submerged nozzle Fig. 2 - cross section of the first example of manufacture of the lower exit part
Fig. 3 - plan view of the first example of manufacture of the lower exit part Fig. 4 - cross section of the second example of manufacture of the lower exit part Fig. 5 - plan view of the second example of manufacture of the lower exit part Fig. 6 - actual view of the lower exit part made according to the first example Fig. 7 - cross section of the actual view of the lower exit part made according to the first example
Fig. 8 - actual view of the lower exit part made according to the second example Fig. 9 - cross section of the actual view of the lower exit part made according to the second example Fig.10 - an example of steel circulation in the mould in individual phases
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Example 1
The submerged nozzle in the first example of invention realization shown in the FIG. 1, 2 and 3 for feeding steel into the mould during continuous casting of steel consists of the basic body 1 of the nozzle with the upper entry part 2 , in which an internal flow channel 4 is created leading to the set of side outlet holes 5 arranged in the lower exit part 3 of the basic body 1 of the nozzle.
The lower exit part 3. of the basic body l of the nozzle with the side outlet holes 5 is closed in the vicinity of their mouths from below with the extended end piece 6 shaped closely as an inverted spherical cap of the dish-shaped lower bottom 7 equipped upwards with the curved surfaces £ guiding the flow of steel from the
internal flow channel 4. to the side outlet holes 5. The outer edges of the guiding curved surfaces 8 of the dish-shaped lower bottom 2 of the extended end piece 6. form the lower output edges 9 of the side outlet holes 5, exceeding sideward the outer shape 10 of the basic body l of the nozzle by the distance P.
Between the lower bottom 7. and guiding curved surfaces 8 in the extended end piece 6 there is adjusted a braking retarder .11 of the steel flowing speed from the internal flow channel 4 into the side outlet holes 5_ created by the overflow lip.
The side outlet holes 5 are in this first example of realization as it is clear especially from FIG. 3 asymmetric and screw-like curved toward their mouths in order to ensure to some extent rotational movement of the outgoing steel streams. At the same time the side outlet holes 5 are funnel-like enlarged toward their mouths from the basic body 1 of the nozzle. The guiding curved surfaces 8. of the steel flow from the internal flow channel 4 to the side outlet holes 5 are shaped as a part of spherical cap.
FIG. 6 and 7 illustrate the actual realization of the submerged nozzle respective its lower exit part 3. in accordance with this realization example.
FIG. 10 clearly shows individual phases of steel circulation in the mould when using this submerged nozzle namely at the casting speed 0.5 m/min. and the depth of submerging of 220 mm obtained by model testing at the water model .
Example 2
The submerged nozzle in the second example of invention realization shown in the FIG. 1, 4 and 5 for feeding steel into the mould during continuous casting of steel, similarly as in the first example, consists of the basic body 1 of the nozzle with the upper entry part 2 , in which an internal flow channel 4 is created leading to the set of side outlet holes 5 arranged- in the lower exit part 3_ of the basic body l of the nozzle.
The lower exit part 3 is also closed in the vicinity of the mouths of the side outlet holes 5 from below with the extended end piece 6 similar as in the first example but unlike the first realization example the side outlet holes 5_ are axisymmetric and their axes in the projection plane perpendicular to the axis of the internal flow channel 4 make an angle of 90° with the axis of the internal flow channel 4.
FIG. 4 indicates also the side lap P of the lower output edge and outer shape 10 of the basic body 2 of the nozzle.
FIG. 8 and 9 illustrate the actual realization of the submerged nozzle or its lower exit part 3_ in accordance with this realization example.
The advantages of the submerged nozzle made in accordance with the invention was fully demonstrated in the testing of both above-mentioned specific examples of its implementation, namely in the mould of 410 mm in diameter with casting speeds from 400 to 500 mm/min. The chosen depth of submerging in this case 210 up to 240 mm, measured from the bottom of the nozzle to the steel bath level in the mould, has to ensure the condition that the
vector of outgoing stream from the side outlet holes 5 was not directed to the mould walls and at the same time no turbulence appeared under the influence of the stream at the separation line between liquid steel and melted casting powder in the mould.
Field of the Application
The submerged nozzle according to the invention can be usually utilized in the machines for continuous casting of steel instead of submerged nozzles of the up-to-now known types .
List of reference sign
1 basic body
2 upper entry part
3 lower exit part
4 internal flow channel
5 side outlet holes
6 extended end piece
7 lower bottom
8 guiding curved surface
9 lower output edges0 outer shape1 braking retarder
Claims
1. The submerged nozzle for feeding steel into the mould during continuous casting of steel, especially for continuous casting of round blooms consisting of the basic body (1) of the nozzle, in which an internal flow channel (4) is created leading to the set of side outlet holes (5) arranged in the lower exit part (3) of the basic body (1) of the nozzle, characterized by the fact that the lower exit part (3) of the basic body (1) of the nozzle with the side outlet holes (5) is closed in the vicinity of their mouths from below with the extended end piece (6) of the dish-shaped lower bottom (7) equipped upwards with the curved surfaces (8) guiding the flow of steel from the internal flow channel (4) to the side outlet holes (5) .
2. The submerged nozzle according to the claim 1, characterized by the fact that the outer edges of the guiding curved surfaces (8) of the dish-shaped lower bottom (7) of the extended end piece (6) form the lower output edges (9) of the side outlet holes (5) , exceeding sideward the outer shape (10) of the basic body (l) of the nozzle.
3. The submerged nozzle according to the claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that between the lower bottom (7) and the guiding curved surfaces (8) in the extended end piece (6) there is adjusted at least one braking retarder (11) of the steel flowing speed from the internal flow channel (4) into the side outlet holes (5) .
4. The submerged nozzle according to the claim 3, characterized by the fact that braking retarder (11) is created by the overflow lip.
5. The submerged nozzle according to at least one of the above-mentioned claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the side outlet holes (5) are axisymmetric and their axes in the projection plane perpendicular to the axis of the internal flow channel (4) make an angle of 90° with the axis of the internal flow channel (4) .
6. The submerged nozzle according to at least one of the above-mentioned claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the side outlet holes (5) are asymmetric and screw-like curved toward their mouths.
7. The submerged nozzle according to at least one of the above-mentioned claims, characterized by the fact that the side outlet holes (5) are funnel-like enlarged toward their mouths from the basic body (1) of the nozzle.
8. The submerged nozzle according to at least one of the above-mentioned claims, characterized by the fact that the guiding curved surfaces (8) of the steel flow from the internal flow channel (4) to the side outlet holes (5) are shaped as a part of spherical cap.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CZ20040448A CZ296336B6 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2004-04-01 | Submerged nozzle |
| CZPV2004-448 | 2004-04-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005095028A1 true WO2005095028A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
Family
ID=34965188
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CZ2005/000025 WO2005095028A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2005-03-25 | Submerged nozzle for continuous casting of metals |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CZ (1) | CZ296336B6 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005095028A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011066622A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Nucor Corporation | Casting delivery nozzle |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3867978A (en) * | 1973-04-12 | 1975-02-25 | Concast Inc | Method and apparatus for introduction of steel into a continuous casting mold |
| GB1414522A (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1975-11-19 | Voest Ag | Refractory casting tube for continuously casting hot liquid metals |
| JPS55149753A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1980-11-21 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Continuous casting method of bloom |
| JPS583758A (en) * | 1981-06-26 | 1983-01-10 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Continous casting method for round billet |
| JPS5877754A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1983-05-11 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Continuous casting method and immersion nozzle |
| JPS5985351A (en) * | 1982-11-09 | 1984-05-17 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Continuous casting method and immersion nozzle |
| JPS63108966A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-05-13 | Hiromitsu Nakagawa | Immersion nozzle of tundish |
| DE4104690A1 (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-20 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Submerged melt delivery pipe for continuous casting - using controlled flow pattern from pipe for molten steel distribution |
-
2004
- 2004-04-01 CZ CZ20040448A patent/CZ296336B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-03-25 WO PCT/CZ2005/000025 patent/WO2005095028A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1414522A (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1975-11-19 | Voest Ag | Refractory casting tube for continuously casting hot liquid metals |
| US3867978A (en) * | 1973-04-12 | 1975-02-25 | Concast Inc | Method and apparatus for introduction of steel into a continuous casting mold |
| JPS55149753A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1980-11-21 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Continuous casting method of bloom |
| JPS583758A (en) * | 1981-06-26 | 1983-01-10 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Continous casting method for round billet |
| JPS5877754A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1983-05-11 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Continuous casting method and immersion nozzle |
| JPS5985351A (en) * | 1982-11-09 | 1984-05-17 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Continuous casting method and immersion nozzle |
| JPS63108966A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-05-13 | Hiromitsu Nakagawa | Immersion nozzle of tundish |
| DE4104690A1 (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-20 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Submerged melt delivery pipe for continuous casting - using controlled flow pattern from pipe for molten steel distribution |
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| Title |
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| DATABASE COMPENDEX [online] ENGINEERING INFORMATION, INC., NEW YORK, NY, US; HO Y -H ET AL: "Three-dimensional analysis of molten steel flow in slab continuous casting mould with rotated ports in submerged entry nozzle", XP002332400, Database accession no. E2001466729927 * |
| DATABASE COMPENDEX [online] ENGINEERING INFORMATION, INC., NEW YORK, NY, US; NAJJAR FADY M ET AL: "Numerical study of steady turbulent flow through bifurcated nozzles in continuous casting", XP002332401, Database accession no. EIX95422833438 * |
| DATABASE COMPENDEX [online] ENGINEERING INFORMATION, INC., NEW YORK, NY, US; THOMAS B G ET AL: "Comparison of four methods to evaluate fluid velocities in a continuous slab casting mold", XP002332399, Database accession no. E2001546797167 * |
| IRONMAKING STEELMAKING; IRONMAKING AND STEELMAKING 2001, vol. 28, no. 3, 2001, pages 258 - 265 * |
| ISIJ INT; ISIJ INTERNATIONAL 2001, vol. 41, no. 10, 2001, pages 1262 - 1271 * |
| METALL MAT TRANS B PROCESS METALL MAT PROCESS SCI; METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B: PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE AUG 1995 MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC (TMS), WARRENDALE, PA, USA, vol. 26, no. 4, August 1995 (1995-08-01), pages 749 - 765 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 005, no. 022 (M - 054) 10 February 1981 (1981-02-10) * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011066622A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Nucor Corporation | Casting delivery nozzle |
| US8225845B2 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2012-07-24 | Nucor Corporation | Casting delivery nozzle |
| US8646513B2 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2014-02-11 | Nucor Corporation | Casting delivery nozzle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ2004448A3 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
| CZ296336B6 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
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