WO2005086643A2 - Flow restrictor - Google Patents
Flow restrictor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005086643A2 WO2005086643A2 PCT/US2005/005653 US2005005653W WO2005086643A2 WO 2005086643 A2 WO2005086643 A2 WO 2005086643A2 US 2005005653 W US2005005653 W US 2005005653W WO 2005086643 A2 WO2005086643 A2 WO 2005086643A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- disk
- restrictor
- flow path
- disks
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
- F16K47/08—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for decreasing pressure or noise level and having a throttling member separate from the closure member, e.g. screens, slots, labyrinths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
Definitions
- This disclosure teaches techniques related to flow restrictors which are used for flow rate measurement, for example, as part of a mass flow controller.
- the disclosed teachings help in providing a flow path in the flow restrictor that is clean and formed without variation in its performance.
- Flow restrictors are used in many applications including in mass flow controllers.
- Conventional flow restrictor consists of sintered alloy metal or a filter, in which their flow resistance cannot be controlled in the manufacture process against the allowable design value range in performance.
- a designer often needs to select a suitable flow restrictor from off the shelf manufactured ones to obtain proper flow restrictors.
- the flow restrictors can show a non-linear characteristics in use of flow measurement.
- the conventional flow restrictors are built of sintered alloy metal or mesh-like elements. These flow restrictors are used as a buffer in flow pressure for flow control equipment. For example, flow meters could take advantage of the differential pressure and flow characteristics of the flow restrictors.
- the performance of the sintered elements often deteriorates at flows above 5 SLM.
- the sintered element restrictors lose a significant portion of the desirable non-linearity as the flow through it takes on a sonic (rather than laminar) characteristic. This is because of the increased hydraulic diameters used by the higher flow through flow restrictors.
- the sintered elements often do not operate at lower inlet pressures to the mass flow controllers. This would necessitate a higher inlet pressure, which is often a barrier to wide spread acceptance in the existing market place. A lower pressure drop is therefore desired.
- a flow restrictor with a first disk having at least one inlet and at least one outlet and a flow path and a second disk having no flow path. The first disk and the second disk being stacked together.
- a mass flow controller comprising with an input, an output, a flow path, a pressure transducer and the above flow restrictor.
- a method of manufacturing a flow restrictor comprising generating at least one flow path in a first disk. A second disk containing no flow paths is piled on the first disk.
- Fig.l(a)-(c) shows an exemplary embodiment of the disks
- Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the stacked disk restrictor.
- Fig.3 shows a graph depicting flow data for an exemplary embodiment of an MFC with a stacked restrictor for six gases.
- Fig. 4(a)-(c) shows exemplary embodiments of three example flow disks.
- Fig.5 shows a table depicting some possible example combination of restrictor types. [019] Fig. 6.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the flow non-linearity and variability of 10 pieces of the example Fl_24 disks before diffusion bonding.
- Fig.8A illustrates the non-linearity and variability of another type of disk prior to diffusion bonding.
- Fig. 8B shows data from another exemplary embodiment of the #2 disk where the performance is significantly improved to within l%of reading band.
- Fig. 9 illustrates the Flow Curve and Variability for a sintered element disk restrictor for comparison.
- Fig. lO illustrates the post diffusion bonding of a 300 SCCM restrictor. [025]Fig.
- ll illustrates the post diffusion bonding of a 900 SCCM restrictor, 3 pieces of 300 seem disk stacked in the restrictor.
- Figs. 12A-B show restrictor to restrictor variation in the same flow category.
- Fig.13 shows results of a where a mass flow controller was built using a 900 seem restrictor and run on 6 gases with the same calibration and set points.
- Fig.14 shows two graphs depicting the test and simulation results for exemplary embodiments of the disclosed disk restrictors. IV. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
- the disclosed non-sintered flow restrictor has a flow path which is formed to correspond to the thickness of bright steel sheet.
- the flow path is formed by etching process.
- One such sheet with a flow path is overlayed with another sheet with no etching path.
- This kind of flow path elements are piled up like a sandwich to obtain a desired flow rate.
- the flow path element in disk shape is attached to the element without the flow path using diffusion bonding.
- the cross-sectional area of the flow path is determined by the sheet thickness and the depth of etching in the sheet thickness. By decreasing or increasing the number of such windows, the adjustment of flow rate and differential pressure across the flow restrictor can be controlled. Further, change in the width of etching and sheet thickness can control the cross sectional area of the flow path.
- Flow rate and differential pressure across the flow restrictor can also be controlled by increasing or decreasing the number of the etched sheets and sheet thickness.
- Such a flow restrictor has a non-linear characteristics which allow its operation in the low flow rate range, resulting in decreasing the error in pressure measurement by pressure gauges that operate at low pressures.
- uch a flow restrictor is applicable for all fluid materials, and is can be used in a various combination with pressure gauges for fluid flow measurement.
- FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment is shown in Fig. 1.
- the illustrated embodiment of the disclosed stacked disk restrictor is composed of flow disks and spacer disks.
- Flow disks have sections (for example section 100) of it completely etched through. These etched away sections are typically constant width and extend from an inner location 110 to an outer location 120.
- Spacer disks do not have etched through sections. They are placed on either side of the flow disk as shown in Fig. 2. A flow path is formed by the etched section of the flow disk bounded by the spacer disk immediately above and below the flow disk. Spacer disk typically have an ID 130 that is larger than the beginning location of the flow path 110 and OD that is smaller than the ending location of the flow path 120 to allow gas to enter and exit the flow path. [037] Such through etched flow disk combined with spacer disks provides better control of the flow path hydraulic diameter. As a corollary better control is also achieved of variations from restrictor to restrictor.
- a single flow path or multiple flow paths are layed out on a single disk.
- the flow paths may or may not be identical.
- the multiple disks are then stacked together with spacer disks alternating between flow disks. This provides a basis for the making of several different restrictors that span a large dynamic range. Such an available dynamic range reduces the needed calibration effort.
- multiple flow disks could be etched on a single sheet retained by small tabs. The sheets could include tooling holes common to both flow disks and spacer disks.
- the flow disks and spacer disks are aligned by tooling pins to assure correct location of the disks relative to each other.
- the sheets are spot welded or held by other means to hold them in position until they are diffusion bonded together in proper relative location.
- the disks could be held together by other means (for example, mechanical clamping) other than diffusion bonding.
- Clamped mechanisms have fayed surfaces that outgas undesirable gases or dry down slowly. Diffusion bonding of the disks bonds the metal surfaces together avoiding the undesirable fayed surfaces.
- Recommend disk over 0.002" thick could be annealed to minimize grain growth during process and disk below 0.002" could be 50% or more work hardened to improve stiffness of disks thereby improving handling.
- the disk restrictor consists of flow disk alternately placed between spacer disks.
- Three example flow disks are shown in Fig. 4. They vary only in the number of flow paths on each disk.
- Disks Fl.l, F1.8 and F1.22 are shown in Figs. 4(a)-(c).
- Fig. 5 shows a table illustrating the type of example restrictors.
- Mass flow into a vacuum equals a geometric constant times the square of the absolute inlet pressure.
- Mass flow into non vacuum conditions is a function of the square of the absolute inlet pressure and the ratio of the absolute exhaust pressure to the absolute inlet pressure. Specifically, the Non-Vacuum-Exhaust mass flow is reduced by the cosine of the arcsine of this pressure ratio.
- Flow curves obtained from test data on exemplary embodiments of the disk restrictor and the flow curves produced by numeric simulations relying solely on laminar theory supports the conclusion that flow through the disclosed restrictor is dominantly compressible laminar flow.
- Fig.l4 shows two graphs depicting the test and simulation results for exemplary embodiments of the disclosed disk restrictors.
- Laminar flow takes a finite distance to fully develop upon entering an LFE. Previous work in the art suggests that laminar flow is not fully developed in a LFE until a distance of 50 hydraulic diameters from the inlet .
- the laminar flow elements of thermal MFC are designed for small pressure drops where the pressure drop across is small compared to line pressure of the restrictor and gas flow can be considered incompressible in such thermal MFCs.
- Mass flow, m equals volumetric flow, Q, times density, r, and is also proportional to pressure drop, dP
- Fig.7 illustrates the flow non-linearity and variability of 10 pieces of the Fl_24 disk before diffusion bonding.
- Fig. 8A illustrates the non-linearity and variability of another type of disk prior to diffusion bonding.
- Fig. 8B shows data from another exemplary embodiment of the #2 disk where the performance is significantly improved to within 1% of reading band.
- Fig. 9 illustrates the Flow Curve and Variability for a sintered element disk restrictor for comparison.
- Fig.10 illustrates the post diffusion bonding of a 300 SCCM restrictor. As can be seen the target pressure drop and non- linearity is good.
- Fig.11 illustrates the post diffusion bonding of a 900 SCCM restrictor, 3 pieces of 300 seem disk stacked in the restrictor. This illustrates that vertical stacking does not significantly affect the flow through the restrictor now that press during bonding had been reduced to 500 pounds.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Flow Control (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007500931A JP2007531931A (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-24 | Flor restrictor |
EP05723513A EP1721227A4 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-24 | Flow restrictor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US54810904P | 2004-02-27 | 2004-02-27 | |
US60/548,109 | 2004-02-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005086643A2 true WO2005086643A2 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
WO2005086643A3 WO2005086643A3 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
Family
ID=34976064
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/005653 WO2005086643A2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-24 | Flow restrictor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2365412B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2007531931A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20060134085A (en) |
CN (2) | CN1922561A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005086643A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10114385B2 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2018-10-30 | Horiba Stec, Co., Ltd. | Fluid control valve |
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US9958302B2 (en) | 2011-08-20 | 2018-05-01 | Reno Technologies, Inc. | Flow control system, method, and apparatus |
US9188989B1 (en) | 2011-08-20 | 2015-11-17 | Daniel T. Mudd | Flow node to deliver process gas using a remote pressure measurement device |
WO2014040002A2 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2014-03-13 | Mudd Daniel T | Pressure based mass flow controller |
JP6228768B2 (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2017-11-08 | 株式会社堀場エステック | Fluid resistance device |
CN104281163A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-14 | 北京堀场汇博隆精密仪器有限公司 | Flow controller |
CN104329495B (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2017-01-18 | 北京堀场汇博隆精密仪器有限公司 | Pressure flow controller |
US10838437B2 (en) | 2018-02-22 | 2020-11-17 | Ichor Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for splitting flow of process gas and method of operating same |
US11144075B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2021-10-12 | Ichor Systems, Inc. | Flow control system, method, and apparatus |
US10303189B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2019-05-28 | Reno Technologies, Inc. | Flow control system, method, and apparatus |
US10679880B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-06-09 | Ichor Systems, Inc. | Method of achieving improved transient response in apparatus for controlling flow and system for accomplishing same |
US11353352B2 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2022-06-07 | Flow Devices And Systems Inc. | Apparatus and methods for self-correcting pressure based mass flow controller |
US10663337B2 (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2020-05-26 | Ichor Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for controlling flow and method of calibrating same |
CN108526735B (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2020-09-18 | 北京控制工程研究所 | Method for manufacturing multi-layer pore plate multi-channel throttling assembly of micro-flow control device |
DE102019110073A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-10-22 | Burkert S.A.S. | Flow resistance insert and flow measuring or flow control device |
KR20220097416A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2022-07-07 | 가부시키가이샤 호리바 에스텍 | Fluid resistance element and fluid control device |
KR102524468B1 (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2023-04-21 | 엠케이피 주식회사 | Differential pressure generating element for mass flow controller and mass flow controller comprising the same |
CN116490710A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2023-07-25 | 斯瓦戈洛克公司 | Valve with integrated orifice restriction |
EP4240998A1 (en) | 2020-11-06 | 2023-09-13 | Swagelok Company | Valve cavity cap arrangements |
CN112556775B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-07-25 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Gradient inflation and deflation SF based on weighing method 6 Method for measuring volume of air chamber |
CN112556776B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-07-25 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Gradient inflation and deflation SF based on constant volume method 6 Method for measuring volume of air chamber |
CN112556778B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-09-26 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Gradient deflation SF based on constant volume method 6 Method for measuring volume of air chamber |
CN112556777B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-08-29 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Gradient inflatable SF based on constant volume method 6 Method for measuring volume of air chamber |
CN112556774B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-01-31 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Gradient inflatable SF based on weighing method 6 Method for measuring volume of gas chamber |
CN112556773B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-08-22 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Gradient deflation SF based on weighing method 6 Method for measuring volume of air chamber |
US11899477B2 (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2024-02-13 | Ichor Systems, Inc. | Fluid flow control system comprising a manifold assembly |
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US6039076A (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2000-03-21 | Copes-Vulcan, Inc. | High energy loss fluid control device |
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2005
- 2005-02-24 KR KR1020067017283A patent/KR20060134085A/en active Search and Examination
- 2005-02-24 WO PCT/US2005/005653 patent/WO2005086643A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-02-24 CN CNA2005800060035A patent/CN1922561A/en active Pending
- 2005-02-24 JP JP2007500931A patent/JP2007531931A/en active Pending
- 2005-02-24 EP EP11164165A patent/EP2365412B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-02-24 CN CN201110170487.4A patent/CN102354228B/en active Active
- 2005-02-24 EP EP05723513A patent/EP1721227A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-06-23 JP JP2011139507A patent/JP5295318B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4450718A (en) | 1982-04-19 | 1984-05-29 | Advanced Semiconductor Materials N.V. | Flow meter including improved laminar flow restrictor device therefor |
US6039076A (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2000-03-21 | Copes-Vulcan, Inc. | High energy loss fluid control device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1721227A4 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10114385B2 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2018-10-30 | Horiba Stec, Co., Ltd. | Fluid control valve |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005086643A3 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
JP5295318B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
EP2365412B1 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
EP2365412A1 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
CN102354228B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
JP2011257004A (en) | 2011-12-22 |
EP1721227A2 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
KR20060134085A (en) | 2006-12-27 |
JP2007531931A (en) | 2007-11-08 |
CN102354228A (en) | 2012-02-15 |
CN1922561A (en) | 2007-02-28 |
EP1721227A4 (en) | 2010-02-03 |
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