WO2005086182A1 - Overvoltage protection device in common/differential mode of reduced size - Google Patents

Overvoltage protection device in common/differential mode of reduced size Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005086182A1
WO2005086182A1 PCT/FR2005/000524 FR2005000524W WO2005086182A1 WO 2005086182 A1 WO2005086182 A1 WO 2005086182A1 FR 2005000524 W FR2005000524 W FR 2005000524W WO 2005086182 A1 WO2005086182 A1 WO 2005086182A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
neutral
earth
varistor
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2005/000524
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alain René Robert LAGNOUX
Jean-François Michel BURRE-ESPAGNOU
Michel Georges Jean Donati
Original Assignee
Soule Protection Surtensions
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soule Protection Surtensions filed Critical Soule Protection Surtensions
Priority to EP05736977A priority Critical patent/EP1726019B1/en
Priority to RU2006135132/09A priority patent/RU2006135132A/en
Priority to MXPA06010057A priority patent/MXPA06010057A/en
Priority to BRPI0509002-4A priority patent/BRPI0509002A/en
Publication of WO2005086182A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005086182A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C13/00—Resistors not provided for elsewhere
    • H01C13/02—Structural combinations of resistors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of devices for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages, in particular transient overvoltages due to lightning.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a device for protection against overvoltages adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes, and comprising at least one electrically insulating box, specifically adapted to receive at least one electrical binomial, formed by a varistor called phase. earth, with a phase terminal and an earth terminal, disposed between a first phase to be protected and the earth, and a varistor called phase-neutral, with a phase terminal and a neutral terminal, disposed between said first phase protect and neutral, said phase-earth and phase-neutral varistors being mounted one next to the other within said housing so as to form a mounting binomial.
  • a varistor called phase. earth with a phase terminal and an earth terminal, disposed between a first phase to be protected and the earth
  • a varistor called phase-neutral with a phase terminal and a neutral terminal, disposed between said first phase protect and neutral
  • said phase-earth and phase-neutral varistors being mounted one next to the other within said housing so as to form a mounting binomia
  • Surge arresters Devices for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages are widely used, and can be commonly referred to as "surge arresters". Their essential purpose is in fact to drain lightning currents to the earth, and possibly to cleave additional voltages induced by these currents at levels compatible with the behavior of the equipment and devices to which they are connected.
  • protection devices comprising varistors.
  • a varistor is generally mounted per branch, that is to say that to protect a single-phase network, the protection device must include an electrical binomial formed by at least two varistors in order to ensure protection according to the two modes mentioned above.
  • the electrical binomial will generally include a varistor called phase-earth connected between the phase to be protected and the earth, and a varistor called phase-neutral, connected between said phase to be protected and the neutral.
  • phase-earth connected between the phase to be protected and the earth
  • phase-neutral connected between said phase to be protected and the neutral.
  • at least three electrical pairs will be required to perform the same function.
  • Known common mode / differential mode protection devices thus generally comprise at least two boxes (or motors) for provide protection according to the two modes mentioned above in the case of a single-phase network, and at least six boxes (or motors) to ensure the same function in the case of a three-phase network, each box (or motor) comprising a single varistor.
  • plug-in versions of known devices are generally produced with two cartridges per phase, that is to say with at least two interchangeable cartridges in the case of a single-phase network and with at least six interchangeable cartridges in the case of '' a three-phase network.
  • the surge arrester is then composed of a varistor called phase-neutral connected between the phase to be protected and the neutral point, and a spark gap, connected between the neutral point and earth.
  • each protection component is integrated in an individual cartridge so that the arrester has two interchangeable cartridges, only one of which is connected to the phase to be protected, which corresponds well to the logical configuration expected by the user.
  • the surge arrester in the case of a three-phase network, will include three varistors each connected between a phase to be protected and, the neutral, and a spark gap, connected between neutral and earth, each protection component being integrated in a individual cartridge.
  • the surge arrester thus comprises, in three-phase, four withdrawable cartridges, among which three cartridges are connected to the three phases to be protected, ie one cartridge per phase, which corresponds to what the user intuitively expects to find.
  • Such devices thus make it possible to ensure network protection on the one hand in common mode, by placing the two phase-neutral and neutral-earth branches in series, and on the other hand in differential mode, thanks to the phase branch. -neutral.
  • connection diagram for neutral to earth is of the IT type (neutral isolated from earth or impedant).
  • this arrangement is not suitable for cascading surge arresters.
  • a first arrester, located upstream includes a varistor in its neutral-earth branch
  • a second arrester, placed downstream includes a spark gap in its neutral-earth branch
  • the spark arrester placed downstream will flow , in case of overvoltage, most of the lightning current, and the varistor placed upstream will be little requested, which goes against the objectives sought when coordinating two surge arresters.
  • the objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the various drawbacks listed above and to propose a new overvoltage protection device adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes which does not have the drawbacks listed above, and which, while being compatible with all the neutral earth connection schemes, has a limited space requirement.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new protection device whose maintenance is particularly easy.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new protection device which, in its withdrawable version, is particularly easy to use, in a logical and intuitive manner.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new protection device whose adaptation to each type of network is particularly easy.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a surge protection device adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes, and comprising at least one electrically insulating housing, specifically adapted to receive at least one electrical binomial, formed by a varistor called phase-earth, with a phase terminal and a ground terminal, disposed between a first phase to be protected and the ground, and a varistor called phase-neutral, with a phase terminal and a terminal neutral, disposed between said first phase to be protected and neutral, said phase-earth and phase-neutral varistors being mounted one next to the other within said housing so as to form a mounting binomial, characterized in that that the protection device comprises electrical isolation means, adapted to electrically isolate the earth terminal of the phase-earth varistor from the neutral terminal of the vari phase-neutral stance.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, in a partial sectional view, a housing in which is mounted the mounting binomial.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in a general perspective view, the housing according to the invention in a withdrawable version.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates, in a perspective view, a base on which the housing illustrated in Figure 2 is intended to be mounted.
  • - Figure 4 illustrates a schematic electrical diagram of the overvoltage protection device according to the invention in the case of a single-phase network.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic electrical diagram of the overvoltage protection device according to the invention in the case of a three-phase network.
  • the overvoltage protection device according to the invention is intended to be connected bypass to the electrical equipment or installation to be protected.
  • electrical installation refers to all types of devices or networks liable to undergo voltage disturbances of various origins, and in particular transient overvoltages due to lightning.
  • the protection device according to the invention is preferably a low voltage surge arrester, that is to say it is preferably intended to protect low voltage installations (for example from 50 volts to 750 volts).
  • the overvoltage protection device 1 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the overvoltage protection device 1 is adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes, that is to say it must be able to be used either in common mode or in differential mode, and this without it is necessary to modify the device in any way, and in particular the nature and the mounting of the protective components constituting it.
  • the protection device 1 comprises at least one electrically insulating housing 2, that is to say advantageously made from a non-conductive material of electricity.
  • the protection device 1 also comprises at least one electrical binomial, formed by a varistor called phase-earth PT, disposed between a first phase L1 to be protected and the earth T and a varistor called phase-neutral PN, arranged between said first phase L1 to be protected and neutral N.
  • a varistor called phase-earth PT disposed between a first phase L1 to be protected and the earth T
  • a varistor called phase-neutral PN arranged between said first phase L1 to be protected and neutral N.
  • phase-to-ground varistor PT is arranged to protect the electrical installation in common mode (ie between an active conductor and the ground), while the phase-to-neutral varistor PN is arranged to provide protection in differential mode (ie between two active conductors).
  • the housing 2 is specifically adapted to receive the electrical binomial formed by the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN, that is to say that it is designed to receive a maximum of two varistors.
  • the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN forming the electrical binomial are mounted next to each other within the housing 2 so as to form a mounting binomial 3.
  • the protection device 1 thus designed advantageously has a reduced bulk, the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN no longer being, as in the devices of the prior art, mounted in individual boxes but grouped together in the same box 2 .
  • each phase-earth varistor PT or phase-neutral PN is advantageously provided with its own disconnection means, preferably of the thermal type so that the thermal runaway is stopped sufficiently early in the event of aging of the varistors.
  • the disconnection means can be formed by a disconnection blade 4 which extends between two ends 4A, 4B, one of said ends 4A being preferably fixed using a hot-melt solder on one of the poles of the associated varistor.
  • the end 4A of the disconnection blade 4 is thus preferably welded under stress, so that heating of the varistor at the end of life leads to the fusion of the solder which, once broken, allows the release of the disconnection blade 4 and therefore the disconnection of the associated varistor from the electrical installation.
  • the housing 2, provided with phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN provided with their disconnection means 4, then advantageously forms a "double" motor, that is to say a motor provided with two varistors.
  • the box 2 could be formed by a simple support, not necessarily closed, but specifically adapted to receive the electrical binomial formed by the pair of phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN.
  • the protection device 1 thus designed can be easily adapted to be in a withdrawable version.
  • the protection device 1 advantageously comprises a base 6, preferably fixed, that is to say permanently connected to the electrical installation to be protected (FIG. 6).
  • each box 2 is then provided with plug-in / draw-out means 7 (FIG. 2) adapted to allow the removable electrical connection of the box 2 relative to the base 6.
  • the racking-in / racking-out means 7 are advantageously formed by four studs 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B allowing the housing 2 to be plugged into the base 6.
  • the poles of the phase-to-earth PT and phase-neutral PN varistors are thus advantageously connected respectively to the pads 8A, 8B on the one hand and 9A, 9B on the other hand.
  • the base 6 is preferably provided with a housing 10 arranged to receive the housing 2, and on the bottom 10A of which are formed four openings 8'A, 8'B, 9'A, 9'B specifically adapted for receive the pads 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B respectively.
  • the box 2 provided with its racking-in / out tools 7 constitutes an interchangeable cartridge 11.
  • the user can remove the cartridge 11 relative to the base 6, in order to replace it. This operation is made particularly easy and logical because of the unequivocal connection existing between the cartridge 11 and the phase to be protected.
  • the protection device 1 is designed to ensure the protection of a single-phase network.
  • the protection device 1 comprises at least one housing 2 (in dotted lines in FIG. 4) provided with a mounting pair formed by a phase-earth varistor PT and a phase-neutral varistor PN, said mounting pair being electrically connected to the L1 phase to be protected.
  • the phase-earth varistor PT is electrically connected between the phase L1 to be protected and the earth T, thus ensuring protection in common mode
  • the phase-neutral varistor PN is connected between the phase L1 and the neutral point N so as to provide protection in differential mode.
  • the protection device 1 is designed to protect a three-phase network and for this purpose comprises at least three boxes 2A, 2B, 2C (dotted on FIG. 5) each provided with a mounting pair electrically connected to one of the phases L1, L2, L3 to be protected.
  • the housing 2A contains a phase-earth varistor PT connected between the first phase L1 to be protected and the earth, and a phase-neutral varistor PN connected between said phase L1 and the neutral point N.
  • the box 2B comprises a phase-earth varistor PT connected between the second phase L2 to be protected and the earth, and a phase-neutral varistor PN connected between the second phase L2 and the neutral point N.
  • the third box 2C includes a phase-earth varistor PT, connected between the third phase L3 to be protected and the earth, and a phase-neutral varistor PN connected between said third phase L3 and the neutral point N.
  • the protection device 1 may be adapted to ensure the protection of a polyphase network comprising a number N of phases.
  • the protection device 1 will advantageously include a number of boxes 2 at least equal to the number N of phases, each box 2 being provided with a mounting pair 3.
  • the protection device 1 is said to be " multipolar ”.
  • the protective device 1 comprises, when it is multipolar, insulating means 30, arranged between two mounting pairs 3 consecutive, that is to say juxtaposed, so as to electrically isolate one of the other.
  • the insulating means 30 thus make it possible to avoid the formation of short circuits likely to occur between two consecutive mounting pairs 3 close together, due to their connection to active conductors and in particular to phases L1, L2, L3 of potentials. different. Thanks to the insulating means 30, it is possible to bring the mounting pairs 3 closer to one another, and therefore to reduce the overall size of the device, while avoiding the formation of short circuits between two consecutive mounting pairs 3.
  • the insulating means 30 are formed by a screen made of electrically insulating material, interposed between two consecutive mounting pairs 3.
  • the insulating means 30, and in particular the insulating screen are advantageously designed and dimensioned so as to increase the isolation distance between two consecutive mounting pairs 3, in order to prevent the formation of electric arcs between them while retaining a small spacing distance, less than the isolation distance, between the mounting pairs 3, so as to limit the size of the device.
  • isolation distance here refers to the minimum distance that the electric arc must travel in the gaseous dielectric medium, by air example, separating the mounting pairs 3.
  • the protection device 1 may include a varistor called neutral-earth NT, placed between the neutral and the earth, said varistor being mounted within an additional 2S box, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the additional 2S box can either be arranged specifically to contain a single varistor, or be in all points similar to the box 2, with the difference ready that it will receive only a single neutral-earth varistor NT as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. In the latter case, a part 2V of the additional box 2S will then be unused.
  • the protection device 1 for networks whose connection diagram of neutral to earth is of the IT type (impedant neutral or isolated from earth), it suffices to remove or remove (in the case of a withdrawable version) the additional box 2S, the protection device 1 then comprising only a single box 2 in the case of a single-phase network and three boxes 2A, 2B, 2C in the case of a three-phase network.
  • the protective device 1 according to the invention thus advantageously has a reduced overall size, with a maximum of two boxes 2, 2S in single phase and a maximum of four boxes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2S in three phase.
  • the protection device 1 comprising only one housing 2, 2A, 2B, 2C (or motor) per active conductor, the manipulation of the plug-in versions of this device is particularly easy, the user intuitively associating a phase L1 , L2 or L3 to protect with a single corresponding cartridge 11.
  • This aspect of the invention proves to be particularly interesting in the case of polyphase networks comprising a large number of active conductors.
  • the higher the number of active conductors the more the protective device 1 according to the invention is advantageous compared to the devices of the prior art in terms of size and ease of use.
  • the base 6 may include several housings, each housing being capable of receiving a cartridge 11, or even a single housing arranged to receive all of the cartridges 11 mentioned above.
  • each phase-earth varistor PT, phase-neutral PN or neutral-earth NT is connected to the network using electrical connection means 15, the electrical connection to earth being carried out using other electrical connection means 16.
  • the electrical connection means 15, 16 are, preferably and conventionally, of a wired nature.
  • each phase-earth varistor PT comprises a so-called phase p terminal electrically connected to the phase L1, L2 or L3 to be protected, and a so-called earth terminal t, electrically connected to earth T.
  • each phase-neutral varistor PN includes a so-called phase p terminal electrically connected to the phase L1, L2 or L3 to be protected and a so-called neutral n terminal electrically connected to neutral N.
  • the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN are arranged one next to the other within the housing 2, 2A, 2B, 2C.
  • the neutral n and earth t terminals are not at the same potential so that if the latter are too close to one another, an electric arc is likely to form between said terminals n, t, thus short-circuiting the protection device 1.
  • the protection device 1 advantageously includes electrical isolation means 20, adapted to electrically isolate the earth terminal t from the neutral terminal n and preferably arranged within the housing 2, 2A, 2B , 2C.
  • the electrical insulation means 20 are advantageously arranged and arranged to form an insulating screen between said earth terminal t and said neutral terminal n.
  • the electrical insulation means 20 may be formed by an electrically insulating partition 21, interposed between the earth terminal t and the neutral terminal n so as to guarantee the electrical insulation said earth t and neutral n terminals with respect to each other.
  • the electrical insulation means 20 are designed and dimensioned to increase the insulation distance between the earth terminal t and the neutral terminal n, so that the insulation distance is greater than the separation distance real separating said earth t and neutral n terminals.
  • the electrical insulation means 20 thus make it possible to shorten the distance between the neutral n and earth t terminals, thereby reducing the size of the device, while ensuring their electrical insulation, and this by increasing the distance d insulation between the neutral n and earth t terminals, that is to say the length of the path to be traveled by the electric arc between said neutral n and earth t terminals to circumvent the electrical isolation means 20.
  • the partition 21 may for example extend over a surface just sufficient to provide insulation between the earth terminals t and neutral n.
  • the partition 21 will preferably be arranged inside the housing 2 so as to separate the latter into two housings 22, 23 substantially symmetrical with respect to the partition of separation 21, each housing 22, 23 being capable of receiving a varistor provided with its disconnection means. Even more preferably, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the partition 21 may extend outside the housing 2, so as to separate the pair of studs 8A, 8B associated with the phase-earth varistor PT, of the pair of pads 9A, 9B associated with the phase-neutral varistor PN.
  • the base 6 will advantageously include a central housing 60, specifically adapted to receive the outgoing end of the partition 21 when the housing 2 is racked in on the base 6.
  • Such a configuration makes it possible in particular to avoid the formation of electric arcs between the pads 8A, 9A of different potentials, connected respectively to the earth terminal t and to the neutral terminal n when plugging in.
  • the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN of the same mounting pair 3 have different operating voltages from one another.
  • the phase-neutral varistor PN has a lower operating voltage than that of the phase-earth varistor PT, which makes it possible on the one hand to lower the level of protection of the arrester, and on the other hand to reduce the size of the electrical binomial.
  • the phase-to-earth varistor PT may have an operating voltage of the order of 440 volts so as to withstand the voltage between phases (of the order of 400 volts) as required by French standards, the phase varistor - neutral PN with a lower operating voltage, of the order of 275 volts.
  • each cartridge 11 will thus advantageously comprise a pair of varistors of different values, and this without creating any confusion in the mind of the user, since each active conductor remains associated with a single cartridge 11.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a device 1 for protection against overvoltages adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes, said method comprising the steps consisting in: - a) manufacturing at least one housing 2 electrically insulating, - b) manufacture at least one electrical binomial, formed by a varistor called phase-earth PT intended to be disposed between a first phase L1 to be protected and the earth T and a varistor called phase-neutral PN intended to be disposed between said first phase L1 to be protected and neutral N.
  • the method also comprises the following steps: - c) specifically fitting the box 2 so that it can receive the electrical binomial, - d) associating the two varistors PT, PN in a mounting binomial 3 and mounting them one next to the other within the housing 2.
  • the method also comprises a step in which the housing 2 is provided with racking-in / racking-out means 7 making it possible to connect said housing 2 removably to a fixed base 6.
  • the phase-earth varistor PT comprising a phase terminal p electrically connected to the phase L1, L2 or L3 to be protected and a so-called earth terminal t, electrically connected to earth T
  • the phase-neutral varistor PN comprising a so-called p-phase terminal, electrically connected to said phase L1, L2 or L3 to be protected and a so-called neutral n terminal, electrically connected to neutral
  • the method also includes a step in which electrical isolation means are available 20 between earth terminal t and neutral terminal n.
  • the method also advantageously comprises the following steps: - e) manufacturing a so-called neutral-earth varistor NT intended to be placed between neutral N and earth T, - f) mounting said neutral-earth varistor NT within an additional housing 2S, preferably withdrawable.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to significantly reduce the dimensions and therefore the size of a protection device 1 of the common mode / differential mode type, while guaranteeing electrical insulation between the components of the device having different potentials.
  • Another advantage of the invention is to allow an easy and intuitive removal of the protective components out of use, with a view to their replacement.
  • Another advantage of the protection device 1 according to the invention is that it can be used whatever the connection scheme of the neutral to earth.
  • protection device 1 requires a number of parts, and in particular of motors, reduced compared to the devices of the prior art, while ensuring the same functions.
  • the solution offered by the invention is therefore more economical than existing solutions.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it makes it possible to rationalize the process for manufacturing the protection device 1 according to the invention, in particular by systematically using double motors.
  • the invention finds its industrial application in the design and manufacture of protection devices against transient overvoltages.

Abstract

The invention relates to an overvoltage protection device (1) embodied to provide protection in common or differential modes and comprising at least one electrically-insulated housing (2), specifically embodied to house at least one electrical binomial, formed by a so-called ground-phase varistor (PT), with a phase connector (p) and a ground connector (t), arranged between a first phase (L1) for protection and ground (T) and a so-called neutral-phase varistor (PN), with a phase connector (p) and a neutral connector (n), arranged between said first phase (L1) for protection and neutral (N), said phase-ground (PT) and phase-neutral (PN) varistors being mounted next to each other within said housing (2) such as to form an assembly binomial (3), characterised in that the protection device (1) comprises electrical insulation means (20), embodied for the electrical insulation of the ground connection (t) from the phase-ground varistor (PT) and the neutral connection (n) from the phase-neutral varistor (PN). The invention relates to devices for protection against overvoltages.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION CONTRE LES SURTENSIONS EN MODE COMMUN / DIFFERENTIEL DE DIMENSION REDUITE REDUCED DIMENSION COMMON / DIFFERENTIAL OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE
DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique général des dispositifs de protection d'installations électriques contre les surtensions, notamment les surtensions transitoires dues à la foudre.The present invention relates to the general technical field of devices for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages, in particular transient overvoltages due to lightning.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions adapté pour assurer une protection suivant les modes commun et différentiel, et comprenant au moins un boîtier électriquement isolant, spécifiquement adapté pour recevoir au moins un binôme électrique, formé par une varistance dite phase-terre, avec une borne de phase et une borne de terre, disposée entre une première phase à protéger et la terre, et une varistance dite phase-neutre, avec une borne de phase et une borne de neutre, disposée entre ladite première phase à protéger et le neutre, lesdites varistances phase-terre et phase-neutre étant montées l'une à côté de l'autre au sein dudit boîtier de manière à former un binôme de montage.The invention relates more particularly to a device for protection against overvoltages adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes, and comprising at least one electrically insulating box, specifically adapted to receive at least one electrical binomial, formed by a varistor called phase. earth, with a phase terminal and an earth terminal, disposed between a first phase to be protected and the earth, and a varistor called phase-neutral, with a phase terminal and a neutral terminal, disposed between said first phase protect and neutral, said phase-earth and phase-neutral varistors being mounted one next to the other within said housing so as to form a mounting binomial.
TECHNIQUE ANTERIEUREPRIOR ART
Les dispositifs de protection d'installations électriques contre les surtensions sont largement utilisés, et peuvent être communément désignés sous l'appellation « parafoudres ». Ils ont en effet pour but essentiel d'écouler à la terre des courants de foudre, et éventuellement d'écrêter des tensions additionnelles induites par ces courants à des niveaux compatibles avec la tenue des équipements et appareils auxquels ils sont raccordés. II existe, de façon classique, deux modes de protection contre les surtensions, à savoir le mode commun MC, dans lequel les composants de protection sont raccordés entre les conducteurs actifs (phases ou neutre) et la terre, et le mode différentiel MD, dans lequel les composants de protection sont raccordés entre les conducteurs actifs (i.e. entre les phases et le neutre).Devices for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages are widely used, and can be commonly referred to as "surge arresters". Their essential purpose is in fact to drain lightning currents to the earth, and possibly to cleave additional voltages induced by these currents at levels compatible with the behavior of the equipment and devices to which they are connected. There are, conventionally, two modes of protection against overvoltages, namely the common mode MC, in which the protection components are connected between the active conductors (phases or neutral) and the earth, and the differential mode MD, in which the protection components are connected between the active conductors (ie between the phases and the neutral).
Pour assurer la protection de l'installation suivant ces deux modes commun et différentiel, on a généralement recours à des dispositifs de protection comportant des varistances.To protect the installation according to these two common and differential modes, use is generally made of protection devices comprising varistors.
Dans les dispositifs connus, on monte généralement une varistance par branche, c'est-à-dire que pour protéger un réseau monophasé, le dispositif de protection devra comporter un binôme électrique formé par au moins deux varistances afin d'assurer la protection suivant les deux modes susmentionnés. Ainsi, en monophasé, le binôme électrique comportera généralement une varistance dite phase-terre raccordée entre la phase à protéger et la terre, et une varistance dite phase-neutre, raccordée entre ladite phase à protéger et le neutre. Dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé, il faudra au minimum trois binômes électriques pour assurer la même fonction.In known devices, a varistor is generally mounted per branch, that is to say that to protect a single-phase network, the protection device must include an electrical binomial formed by at least two varistors in order to ensure protection according to the two modes mentioned above. Thus, in single-phase, the electrical binomial will generally include a varistor called phase-earth connected between the phase to be protected and the earth, and a varistor called phase-neutral, connected between said phase to be protected and the neutral. In the case of a three-phase network, at least three electrical pairs will be required to perform the same function.
Conformément aux exigences de la normalisation (NF-EN61643-11 et NFC 61740/95), la fin de vie des varistances doit être impérativement contrôlée, ce qui nécessite l'utilisation de déconnecteurs intégrés, par exemple de type thermique, chaque varistance étant alors munie de son propre système de déconnexion. La varistance et son système de déconnexion sont alors montés dans un boîtier-support, l'ensemble constituant ce qui sera dénommé dans la suite un « moteur ».In accordance with the requirements of standardization (NF-EN61643-11 and NFC 61740/95), the end of life of the varistors must be imperatively controlled, which requires the use of integrated disconnectors, for example of the thermal type, each varistor then being with its own disconnection system. The varistor and its disconnection system are then mounted in a support box, the assembly constituting what will be referred to hereinafter as a "motor".
Les dispositifs de protection mode commun / mode différentiel connus comportent ainsi généralement au minimum deux boîtiers (ou moteurs) pour assurer la protection suivant les deux modes sus-mentionnés dans le cas d'un réseau monophasé, et au minimum six boîtiers (ou moteurs) pour assurer la même fonction dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé, chaque boîtier (ou moteur) comportant une seule varistance.Known common mode / differential mode protection devices thus generally comprise at least two boxes (or motors) for provide protection according to the two modes mentioned above in the case of a single-phase network, and at least six boxes (or motors) to ensure the same function in the case of a three-phase network, each box (or motor) comprising a single varistor.
Les dispositifs connus, s'ils assurent convenablement la protection du réseau ou de l'installation électrique, souffrent néanmoins de plusieurs inconvénients.Known devices, if they adequately protect the network or the electrical installation, nevertheless suffer from several drawbacks.
Tout d'abord, de tels dispositifs sont particulièrement encombrants, chaque boîtier (ou moteur) générant un encombrement individuel multiplié par le nombre de boîtiers utilisés. Dès lors, on comprend que dans le cas d'un réseau polyphasé, ces dispositifs peuvent occuper un volume non négligeable, alors que pour un nombre croissant d'applications, on cherche justement à réduire les dimensions des dispositifs de protection et à les rendre les plus discrets possibles.First of all, such devices are particularly bulky, each box (or motor) generating an individual size multiplied by the number of boxes used. Therefore, it is understood that in the case of a polyphase network, these devices can occupy a non-negligible volume, while for an increasing number of applications, it is precisely sought to reduce the dimensions of the protection devices and to make them the as discreet as possible.
En outre, les versions debrochables des dispositifs connus sont généralement réalisées avec deux cartouches par phase, c'est-à-dire avec au moins deux cartouches interchangeables dans le cas d'un réseau monophasé et avec au moins six cartouches interchangeables dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé.In addition, the plug-in versions of known devices are generally produced with two cartridges per phase, that is to say with at least two interchangeable cartridges in the case of a single-phase network and with at least six interchangeable cartridges in the case of '' a three-phase network.
Or, une telle configuration revêt un caractère particulièrement complexe pour l'utilisateur qui s'attend logiquement à trouver une seule cartouche par phase et non deux cartouches par phase comme dans les dispositifs connus.However, such a configuration is particularly complex for the user who logically expects to find a single cartridge per phase and not two cartridges per phase as in known devices.
Pour palier ces inconvénients, il est connu de combiner les varistances avec un éclateur. Dans le cas d'un réseau monophasé, le parafoudre est alors composé d'une varistance dite phase-neutre raccordée entre la phase à protéger et le point neutre, et d'un éclateur, raccordé entre le point neutre et la terre. Dans les versions debrochables du dispositif, chaque composant de protection est intégré dans une cartouche individuelle de telle sorte le parafoudre comporte deux cartouches interchangeables, dont une seule est raccordée à la phase à protéger, ce qui correspond bien à la configuration logique attendue par l'utilisateur. De façon équivalente, dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé, le parafoudre comportera trois varistances reliées chacune entre une phase à protéger et, le neutre, et un éclateur, raccordé entre le neutre et la terre, chaque composant de protection étant intégré dans une cartouche individuelle. Le parafoudre comporte ainsi, en triphasé, quatre cartouches debrochables, parmi lesquelles trois cartouches sont raccordées aux trois phases à protéger, soit une cartouche par phase, ce qui correspond à ce que l'utilisateur s'attend intuitivement à trouver.To overcome these drawbacks, it is known to combine the varistors with a spark gap. In the case of a single-phase network, the surge arrester is then composed of a varistor called phase-neutral connected between the phase to be protected and the neutral point, and a spark gap, connected between the neutral point and earth. In the plug-in versions of the device, each protection component is integrated in an individual cartridge so that the arrester has two interchangeable cartridges, only one of which is connected to the phase to be protected, which corresponds well to the logical configuration expected by the user. Equivalently, in the case of a three-phase network, the surge arrester will include three varistors each connected between a phase to be protected and, the neutral, and a spark gap, connected between neutral and earth, each protection component being integrated in a individual cartridge. The surge arrester thus comprises, in three-phase, four withdrawable cartridges, among which three cartridges are connected to the three phases to be protected, ie one cartridge per phase, which corresponds to what the user intuitively expects to find.
De tels dispositifs permettent ainsi d'assurer la protection du réseau d'une part en mode commun, par la mise en série des deux branches phase- neutre et neutre-terre, et d'autre part en mode différentiel, grâce à la branche phase-neutre.Such devices thus make it possible to ensure network protection on the one hand in common mode, by placing the two phase-neutral and neutral-earth branches in series, and on the other hand in differential mode, thanks to the phase branch. -neutral.
Toutefois, ce montage n'est pas utilisable pour tous les types de réseau, et notamment ceux pour lesquels le schéma de raccordement du neutre à la terre est du type IT (neutre isolé de la terre ou impédant).However, this arrangement cannot be used for all types of network, and in particular those for which the connection diagram for neutral to earth is of the IT type (neutral isolated from earth or impedant).
En outre, ce montage n'est pas adapté à la mise en cascade des parafoudres. En particulier, lorsqu'un premier parafoudre, situé en amont, comprend une varistance dans sa branche neutre-terre, et qu'un deuxième parafoudre, placé en aval comprend un éclateur dans sa branche neutre- terre, l'éclateur placé en aval écoulera, en cas de surtension, la plus grande partie du courant de foudre, et la varistance placée en amont sera peu sollicitée, ce qui va à rencontre des objectifs recherchés lorsque l'on coordonne deux parafoudres.In addition, this arrangement is not suitable for cascading surge arresters. In particular, when a first arrester, located upstream, includes a varistor in its neutral-earth branch, and a second arrester, placed downstream includes a spark gap in its neutral-earth branch, the spark arrester placed downstream will flow , in case of overvoltage, most of the lightning current, and the varistor placed upstream will be little requested, which goes against the objectives sought when coordinating two surge arresters.
On voit donc tout l'intérêt d'essayer de réaliser un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions susceptible de fonctionner dans les deux modes commun et différentiel qui, tout en étant peu encombrant, soit compatible avec tous les types de schémas de raccordement du neutre à la terre, notamment les régimes TT, TN-S, TN-C ou IT, facilitant ainsi le choix de l'utilisateur final, d'autant plus que l'information relative au régime de neutre du réseau n'est pas nécessairement connue de l'utilisateur.We therefore see the advantage of trying to produce a surge protection device capable of operating in both common and differential modes which, while being compact, is compatible with all types of connection diagrams from neutral to the earth, in particular the TT, TN-S, TN-C or IT regimes, thus facilitating the choice of the end user, especially since the information relating to the network neutral regime is not necessarily known to the user.
EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Les objets assignés à l'invention visent en conséquence à porter remède aux divers inconvénients énumérés précédemment et à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection contre les surtensions adapté pour assurer une protection suivant les modes commun et différentiel qui ne présente pas les inconvénients énumérés précédemment, et qui, tout en étant compatible avec tous les schémas de raccordement du neutre à la terre, présente un encombrement limité.The objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the various drawbacks listed above and to propose a new overvoltage protection device adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes which does not have the drawbacks listed above, and which, while being compatible with all the neutral earth connection schemes, has a limited space requirement.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection dont la maintenance est particulièrement facile.Another object of the invention is to propose a new protection device whose maintenance is particularly easy.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection qui, dans sa version débrochable, soit particulièrement facile à utiliser, et ce de manière logique et intuitive.Another object of the invention is to propose a new protection device which, in its withdrawable version, is particularly easy to use, in a logical and intuitive manner.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection dont l'adaptation à chaque type de réseau est particulièrement facile. Les objets assignés à l'invention sont atteints à l'aide d'un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions adapté pour assurer une protection suivant les modes commun et différentiel, et comprenant au moins un boîtier électriquement isolant, spécifiquement adapté pour recevoir au moins un binôme électrique, formé par une varistance dite phase-terre, avec une borne de phase et une borne de terre, disposée entre une première phase à protéger et la terre, et une varistance dite phase-neutre, avec une borne de phase et une borne de neutre, disposée entre ladite première phase à protéger et le neutre, lesdites varistances phase-terre et phase-neutre étant montées l'une à côté de l'autre au sein dudit boîtier de manière à former un binôme de montage, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de protection comporte des moyens d'isolation électrique, adaptés pour isoler électriquement la borne de terre de la varistance phase-terre de la borne de neutre de la varistance phase-neutre.Another object of the invention is to propose a new protection device whose adaptation to each type of network is particularly easy. The objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a surge protection device adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes, and comprising at least one electrically insulating housing, specifically adapted to receive at least one electrical binomial, formed by a varistor called phase-earth, with a phase terminal and a ground terminal, disposed between a first phase to be protected and the ground, and a varistor called phase-neutral, with a phase terminal and a terminal neutral, disposed between said first phase to be protected and neutral, said phase-earth and phase-neutral varistors being mounted one next to the other within said housing so as to form a mounting binomial, characterized in that that the protection device comprises electrical isolation means, adapted to electrically isolate the earth terminal of the phase-earth varistor from the neutral terminal of the vari phase-neutral stance.
DESCRIPTIF SOMMAIRE DES DESSINSSUMMARY OF DRAWINGS
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront et ressortiront plus en détails à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre purement illustratif et non limitatif, dans lesquels :Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent and will emerge in more detail on reading the description given below, with reference to the appended drawings, given purely by way of non-limiting illustration, in which:
- La figure 1 illustre, selon une vue en coupe partielle, un boîtier au sein duquel est monté le binôme de montage.- Figure 1 illustrates, in a partial sectional view, a housing in which is mounted the mounting binomial.
- La figure 2 illustre, selon une vue générale en perspective, le boîtier conforme à l'invention dans une version débrochable.- Figure 2 illustrates, in a general perspective view, the housing according to the invention in a withdrawable version.
- La figure 3 illustre, selon une vue en perspective, une embase sur laquelle le boîtier illustré à la figure 2 est destiné à être monté. - La figure 4 illustre un schéma électrique de principe du dispositif de protection contre les surtensions conforme à l'invention dans le cas d'un réseau monophasé.- Figure 3 illustrates, in a perspective view, a base on which the housing illustrated in Figure 2 is intended to be mounted. - Figure 4 illustrates a schematic electrical diagram of the overvoltage protection device according to the invention in the case of a single-phase network.
- La figure 5 illustre un schéma électrique de principe du dispositif de protection contre les surtensions conforme à l'invention dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé.- Figure 5 illustrates a schematic electrical diagram of the overvoltage protection device according to the invention in the case of a three-phase network.
MEILLEURE MANIERE DE REALISER L'INVENTIONBEST WAY TO IMPLEMENT THE INVENTION
Le dispositif de protection contre les surtensions conforme à l'invention est destiné à être branché en dérivation sur l'équipement ou l'installation électrique à protéger.The overvoltage protection device according to the invention is intended to be connected bypass to the electrical equipment or installation to be protected.
L'expression « installation électrique » fait référence à tous types d'appareils ou réseaux susceptibles de subir des perturbations de tension d'origines diverses, et notamment des surtensions transitoires dues à la foudre.The expression “electrical installation” refers to all types of devices or networks liable to undergo voltage disturbances of various origins, and in particular transient overvoltages due to lightning.
Le dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention est de préférence un parafoudre basse tension, c'est-à-dire qu'il est preferentiellement destiné à protéger des installations basses tensions (par exemple de 50 volts à 750 volts).The protection device according to the invention is preferably a low voltage surge arrester, that is to say it is preferably intended to protect low voltage installations (for example from 50 volts to 750 volts).
Le dispositif de protection 1 contre les surtensions va maintenant être décrit en se référant aux figures 1 à 5.The overvoltage protection device 1 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
Le dispositif de protection 1 contre les surtensions est adapté pour assurer une protection suivant les modes commun et différentiel, c'est-à-dire qu'il doit pouvoir être utilisé soit en mode commun, soit en mode différentiel, et ce sans qu'il soit nécessaire de modifier en aucune façon le dispositif, et notamment la nature et le montage des composants de protection le constituant.The overvoltage protection device 1 is adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes, that is to say it must be able to be used either in common mode or in differential mode, and this without it is necessary to modify the device in any way, and in particular the nature and the mounting of the protective components constituting it.
Selon l'invention, et tel que cela est représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, le dispositif de protection 1 comporte au moins un boîtier 2 électriquement isolant, c'est-à-dire avantageusement fabriqué à partir d'un matériau non conducteur de l'électricité.According to the invention, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the protection device 1 comprises at least one electrically insulating housing 2, that is to say advantageously made from a non-conductive material of electricity.
Selon l'invention, le dispositif de protection 1 comporte également au moins un binôme électrique, formé par une varistance dite phase-terre PT, disposée entre une première phase L1 à protéger et la terre T et une varistance dite phase-neutre PN, disposée entre ladite première phase L1 à protéger et le neutre N.According to the invention, the protection device 1 also comprises at least one electrical binomial, formed by a varistor called phase-earth PT, disposed between a first phase L1 to be protected and the earth T and a varistor called phase-neutral PN, arranged between said first phase L1 to be protected and neutral N.
Ainsi, la varistance phase-terre PT est agencée pour assurer la protection de l'installation électrique en mode commun (i.e. entre un conducteur actif et la terre), alors que la varistance phase-neutre PN est agencée pour assurer la protection en mode différentiel (i.e. entre deux conducteurs actifs).Thus, the phase-to-ground varistor PT is arranged to protect the electrical installation in common mode (ie between an active conductor and the ground), while the phase-to-neutral varistor PN is arranged to provide protection in differential mode (ie between two active conductors).
Selon l'invention, et tel que cela est représenté sur la figure 1 , le boîtier 2 est spécifiquement adapté pour recevoir le binôme électrique formé par les varistances phase-terre PT et phase-neutre PN, c'est-à-dire qu'il est dimensionné pour recevoir, au maximum, deux varistances.According to the invention, and as shown in FIG. 1, the housing 2 is specifically adapted to receive the electrical binomial formed by the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN, that is to say that it is designed to receive a maximum of two varistors.
Selon l'invention, les varistances phase-terre PT et phase-neutre PN formant le binôme électrique sont montées l'une à côté de l'autre au sein du boîtier 2 de manière à former un binôme de montage 3. Le dispositif de protection 1 ainsi conçu présente avantageusement un encombrement réduit, les varistances phase-terre PT et phase-neutre PN n'étant plus, comme dans les dispositifs de l'art antérieur, montées dans des boîtiers individuels mais regroupées au sein d'un même boîtier 2. Conformément aux exigences de la normalisation, chaque varistance phase- terre PT ou phase-neutre PN est avantageusement pourvue de son propre moyen de déconnexion, de préférence de type thermique de telle sorte que l'emballement thermique soit stoppé suffisamment tôt en cas de vieillissement des varistances.According to the invention, the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN forming the electrical binomial are mounted next to each other within the housing 2 so as to form a mounting binomial 3. The protection device 1 thus designed advantageously has a reduced bulk, the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN no longer being, as in the devices of the prior art, mounted in individual boxes but grouped together in the same box 2 . In accordance with the requirements of standardization, each phase-earth varistor PT or phase-neutral PN is advantageously provided with its own disconnection means, preferably of the thermal type so that the thermal runaway is stopped sufficiently early in the event of aging of the varistors.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, et tel que cela est représenté sur la figure 1, le moyen de déconnexion peut être formé par une lame de déconnexion 4 qui s'étend entre deux extrémités 4A, 4B, l'une desdites extrémités 4A étant de préférence fixée à l'aide d'une soudure thermo- fusible sur l'un des pôles de la varistance associée. L'extrémité 4A de la lame de déconnexion 4 est ainsi de préférence soudée en contrainte, de telle sorte que échauffement de la varistance en fin de vie entraîne la fusion de la soudure qui, une fois rompue, permet la libération de la lame de déconnexion 4 et donc la déconnexion de la varistance associée de l'installation électrique. Le boîtier 2, pourvu des varistances phase-terre PT et phase-neutre PN munies de leur moyen de déconnexion 4, forme alors avantageusement un moteur « double », c'est-à-dire un moteur pourvu de deux varistances.In a particularly advantageous manner, and as shown in FIG. 1, the disconnection means can be formed by a disconnection blade 4 which extends between two ends 4A, 4B, one of said ends 4A being preferably fixed using a hot-melt solder on one of the poles of the associated varistor. The end 4A of the disconnection blade 4 is thus preferably welded under stress, so that heating of the varistor at the end of life leads to the fusion of the solder which, once broken, allows the release of the disconnection blade 4 and therefore the disconnection of the associated varistor from the electrical installation. The housing 2, provided with phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN provided with their disconnection means 4, then advantageously forms a "double" motor, that is to say a motor provided with two varistors.
Bien évidemment, le boîtier 2 pourra être formé par un simple support, non nécessairement fermé, mais spécifiquement adapté pour recevoir le binôme électrique formé par la paire de varistances phase-terre PT et phase- neutre PN.Obviously, the box 2 could be formed by a simple support, not necessarily closed, but specifically adapted to receive the electrical binomial formed by the pair of phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN.
Selon une caractéristique particulièrement intéressante de l'invention, le dispositif de protection 1 ainsi conçu peut être aisément adapté pour se présenter sous une version débrochable. A cet effet, le dispositif de protection 1 comporte avantageusement une embase 6 de préférence fixe, c'est-à-dire raccordée en permanence à l'installation électrique à protéger (figure 6).According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the protection device 1 thus designed can be easily adapted to be in a withdrawable version. To this end, the protection device 1 advantageously comprises a base 6, preferably fixed, that is to say permanently connected to the electrical installation to be protected (FIG. 6).
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, chaque boîtier 2 est alors pourvu de moyens d'embrochage / débrochage 7 (figure 2) adaptés pour permettre le raccordement électrique amovible du boîtier 2 relativement à l'embase 6. Tel que cela est représenté sur la figure 2, les moyens d'embrochage / débrochage 7 sont avantageusement formés par quatre plots 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B permettant l'enfichage du boîtier 2 sur l'embase 6. Les pôles des varistances phase-terre PT et phase-neutre PN sont ainsi avantageusement reliés respectivement aux plots 8A, 8B d'une part et 9A, 9B d'autre part.In a particularly advantageous manner, each box 2 is then provided with plug-in / draw-out means 7 (FIG. 2) adapted to allow the removable electrical connection of the box 2 relative to the base 6. As shown in FIG. 2, the racking-in / racking-out means 7 are advantageously formed by four studs 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B allowing the housing 2 to be plugged into the base 6. The poles of the phase-to-earth PT and phase-neutral PN varistors are thus advantageously connected respectively to the pads 8A, 8B on the one hand and 9A, 9B on the other hand.
En outre, l'embase 6 est preferentiellement pourvue d'un logement 10 agencé pour recevoir le boîtier 2, et sur le fond 10A duquel sont ménagées quatre ouvertures 8'A, 8'B, 9'A, 9'B spécifiquement adaptées pour recevoir respectivement les plots 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B.In addition, the base 6 is preferably provided with a housing 10 arranged to receive the housing 2, and on the bottom 10A of which are formed four openings 8'A, 8'B, 9'A, 9'B specifically adapted for receive the pads 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B respectively.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, le boîtier 2 pourvu de ses moyens d'embrochage / débrochage 7 constitue une cartouche 11 interchangeable. Ainsi, lorsque l'une des varistances phase-terre PT ou phase-neutre PN est dégradée et déconnectée, l'utilisateur peut débrocher la cartouche 11 relativement à l'embase 6, en vue de la remplacer. Cette opération est rendue particulièrement facile et logique en raison de la liaison univoque existant entre la cartouche 11 et la phase à protéger.In a particularly advantageous manner, the box 2 provided with its racking-in / out tools 7 constitutes an interchangeable cartridge 11. Thus, when one of the phase-earth varistors PT or phase-neutral PN is degraded and disconnected, the user can remove the cartridge 11 relative to the base 6, in order to replace it. This operation is made particularly easy and logical because of the unequivocal connection existing between the cartridge 11 and the phase to be protected.
Plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en se référant aux figures 4 et 5. Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur la figure 4, le dispositif de protection 1 est conçu pour assurer la protection d'un réseau monophasé. A cet effet, le dispositif de protection 1 comporte au moins un boîtier 2 (en pointillés sur la figure 4) pourvu d'un binôme de montage formé par une varistance phase-terre PT et une varistance phase- neutre PN, ledit binôme de montage étant raccordé électriquement à la phase L1 à protéger. Tel que cela est représenté sur la figure 4, la varistance phase-terre PT est raccordée électriquement entre la phase L1 à protéger et la terre T, assurant ainsi une protection en mode commun, et la varistance phase-neutre PN est raccordée entre la phase L1 et le point neutre N de manière à assurer une protection en mode différentiel.Several embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. According to a first embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 4, the protection device 1 is designed to ensure the protection of a single-phase network. For this purpose, the protection device 1 comprises at least one housing 2 (in dotted lines in FIG. 4) provided with a mounting pair formed by a phase-earth varistor PT and a phase-neutral varistor PN, said mounting pair being electrically connected to the L1 phase to be protected. As shown in FIG. 4, the phase-earth varistor PT is electrically connected between the phase L1 to be protected and the earth T, thus ensuring protection in common mode, and the phase-neutral varistor PN is connected between the phase L1 and the neutral point N so as to provide protection in differential mode.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur la figure 5, le dispositif de protection 1 est conçu pour assurer la protection d'un réseau triphasé et comporte à cet effet au moins trois boîtiers 2A, 2B, 2C (en pointillés sur la figure 5) chacun pourvu d'un binôme de montage raccordé électriquement à l'une des phases L1 , L2, L3 à protéger. Ainsi, le boîtier 2A renferme une varistance phase-terre PT raccordée entre la première phase L1 à protéger et la terre, et une varistance phase-neutre PN raccordée entre ladite phase L1 et le point neutre N.According to a second embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 5, the protection device 1 is designed to protect a three-phase network and for this purpose comprises at least three boxes 2A, 2B, 2C (dotted on FIG. 5) each provided with a mounting pair electrically connected to one of the phases L1, L2, L3 to be protected. Thus, the housing 2A contains a phase-earth varistor PT connected between the first phase L1 to be protected and the earth, and a phase-neutral varistor PN connected between said phase L1 and the neutral point N.
De même, le boîtier 2B comporte une varistance phase-terre PT raccordée entre la deuxième phase L2 à protéger et la terre, et une varistance phase- neutre PN raccordée entre la deuxième phase L2 et le point neutre N.Likewise, the box 2B comprises a phase-earth varistor PT connected between the second phase L2 to be protected and the earth, and a phase-neutral varistor PN connected between the second phase L2 and the neutral point N.
Enfin, le troisième boîtier 2C comporte une varistance phase-terre PT, raccordée entre la troisième phase L3 à protéger et la terre, et une varistance phase-neutre PN raccordée entre ladite troisième phase L3 et le point neutre N. D'une façon générale, le dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention pourra être adapté pour assurer la protection d'un réseau polyphasé comprenant un nombre N de phases. Dans ce cas, le dispositif de protection 1 comportera avantageusement un nombre de boîtiers 2 au moins égal au nombre N de phases, chaque boîtier 2 étant pourvu d'un binôme de montage 3. Dans ce cas, le dispositif de protection 1 est dit « multipolaire ».Finally, the third box 2C includes a phase-earth varistor PT, connected between the third phase L3 to be protected and the earth, and a phase-neutral varistor PN connected between said third phase L3 and the neutral point N. In general, the protection device 1 according to the invention may be adapted to ensure the protection of a polyphase network comprising a number N of phases. In this case, the protection device 1 will advantageously include a number of boxes 2 at least equal to the number N of phases, each box 2 being provided with a mounting pair 3. In this case, the protection device 1 is said to be " multipolar ”.
De façon préférentielle, le dispositif de protection 1 comporte, lorsqu'il est multipolaire, des moyens isolants 30, disposés entre deux binômes de montage 3 consécutifs, c'est-à-dire juxtaposés, de manière à les isoler électriquement l'un de l'autre. Les moyens isolants 30 permettent ainsi d'éviter la formation de courts-circuits susceptibles de se produire entre deux binômes de montage 3 consécutifs et rapprochés, en raison de leur raccordement à des conducteurs actifs et notamment à des phases L1 , L2, L3 de potentiels différents. Grâce aux moyens isolants 30, il est possible de rapprocher les binômes de montage 3 les uns des autres, et donc de diminuer l'encombrement global du dispositif, tout en évitant la formation de courts-circuits entre deux binômes de montage 3 consécutifs.Preferably, the protective device 1 comprises, when it is multipolar, insulating means 30, arranged between two mounting pairs 3 consecutive, that is to say juxtaposed, so as to electrically isolate one of the other. The insulating means 30 thus make it possible to avoid the formation of short circuits likely to occur between two consecutive mounting pairs 3 close together, due to their connection to active conductors and in particular to phases L1, L2, L3 of potentials. different. Thanks to the insulating means 30, it is possible to bring the mounting pairs 3 closer to one another, and therefore to reduce the overall size of the device, while avoiding the formation of short circuits between two consecutive mounting pairs 3.
De façon préférentielle, les moyens isolants 30 sont formés par un écran en matériau électriquement isolant, interposé entre deux binômes de montage 3 consécutifs. Les moyens isolants 30, et notamment l'écran isolant, sont avantageusement conçus et dimensionnés de manière à augmenter la distance d'isolement entre deux binômes de montage 3 consécutifs, afin d'empêcher la formation d'arcs électriques entre ces derniers tout en conservant une distance d'écartement faible, inférieure à la distance d'isolement, entre les binômes de montage 3, de manière à limiter l'encombrement du dispositif.Preferably, the insulating means 30 are formed by a screen made of electrically insulating material, interposed between two consecutive mounting pairs 3. The insulating means 30, and in particular the insulating screen, are advantageously designed and dimensioned so as to increase the isolation distance between two consecutive mounting pairs 3, in order to prevent the formation of electric arcs between them while retaining a small spacing distance, less than the isolation distance, between the mounting pairs 3, so as to limit the size of the device.
L'expression « distance d'isolement » fait référence ici à la distance minimale que doit parcourir l'arc électrique dans le milieu diélectrique gazeux, par exemple l'air, séparant les binômes de montage 3. La présence des moyens isolants 30, notamment de l'écran isolant, permet d'augmenter la distance d'isolement en obligeant l'arc électrique à les contourner.The expression “isolation distance” here refers to the minimum distance that the electric arc must travel in the gaseous dielectric medium, by air example, separating the mounting pairs 3. The presence of the insulating means 30, in particular of the insulating screen, makes it possible to increase the isolation distance by forcing the electric arc to bypass them.
Pour les réseaux dont le schéma de raccordement du neutre à la terre n'est pas du type IT (neutre isolé de la terre ou impédant), le dispositif de protection 1 pourra comporter une varistance dite neutre-terre NT, disposée entre le neutre et la terre, ladite varistance étant montée au sein d'un boîtier supplémentaire 2S, tel que cela est représenté sur les figures 4 et 5. Le boîtier supplémentaire 2S pourra soit être agencé spécifiquement pour contenir une seule varistance, soit être en tout point similaire au boîtier 2, à la différence prêt qu'il ne recevra qu'une seule varistance neutre-terre NT tel que cela est illustré sur les figures 4 et 5. Dans ce dernier cas, une partie 2V du boîtier supplémentaire 2S sera alors inutilisée.For networks in which the neutral to earth connection diagram is not of the IT type (neutral isolated from earth or impedant), the protection device 1 may include a varistor called neutral-earth NT, placed between the neutral and the earth, said varistor being mounted within an additional 2S box, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The additional 2S box can either be arranged specifically to contain a single varistor, or be in all points similar to the box 2, with the difference ready that it will receive only a single neutral-earth varistor NT as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. In the latter case, a part 2V of the additional box 2S will then be unused.
Bien évidemment, pour les réseaux dont le schéma de raccordement du neutre à la terre est du type IT (neutre impédant ou isolé de la terre), il suffit de supprimer ou de retirer (dans le cas d'une version débrochable) le boîtier supplémentaire 2S, le dispositif de protection 1 ne comportant alors plus qu'un seul boîtier 2 dans le cas d'un réseau monophasé et trois boîtiers 2A, 2B, 2C dans le cas d'un réseau triphasé.Obviously, for networks whose connection diagram of neutral to earth is of the IT type (impedant neutral or isolated from earth), it suffices to remove or remove (in the case of a withdrawable version) the additional box 2S, the protection device 1 then comprising only a single box 2 in the case of a single-phase network and three boxes 2A, 2B, 2C in the case of a three-phase network.
Le dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention présente ainsi avantageusement un encombrement réduit, avec au maximum deux boîtiers 2, 2S en monophasé et au maximum quatre boîtiers 2A, 2B, 2C, 2S en triphasé. En outre, le dispositif de protection 1 ne comportant qu'un seul boîtier 2, 2A, 2B, 2C (ou moteur) par conducteur actif, la manipulation des versions debrochables de ce dispositif est particulièrement aisée, l'utilisateur associant intuitivement une phase L1, L2 ou L3 à protéger à une unique cartouche 11 correspondante. Cet aspect de l'invention s'avère particulièrement intéressant dans le cas de réseaux polyphasés comprenant un nombre important de conducteurs actifs. Ainsi, plus le nombre de conducteurs actifs est élevé, et plus le dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention est avantageux en regard des dispositifs de l'art antérieur en matière d'encombrement et de facilité d'utilisation.The protective device 1 according to the invention thus advantageously has a reduced overall size, with a maximum of two boxes 2, 2S in single phase and a maximum of four boxes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2S in three phase. In addition, the protection device 1 comprising only one housing 2, 2A, 2B, 2C (or motor) per active conductor, the manipulation of the plug-in versions of this device is particularly easy, the user intuitively associating a phase L1 , L2 or L3 to protect with a single corresponding cartridge 11. This aspect of the invention proves to be particularly interesting in the case of polyphase networks comprising a large number of active conductors. Thus, the higher the number of active conductors, the more the protective device 1 according to the invention is advantageous compared to the devices of the prior art in terms of size and ease of use.
Dans les cas où le dispositif de protection 1 comporte plusieurs cartouches 11 interchangeables, chaque cartouche 11 étant associée soit à une phase L1, L2 ou L3 à protéger soit au point neutre N, l'embase 6 (représentée en pointillés sur les figures 4 et 5) peut comporter plusieurs logements, chaque logement étant susceptible de recevoir une cartouche 11 , ou encore un unique logement aménagé pour recevoir toutes les cartouches 11 sus-mentionnées.In cases where the protection device 1 comprises several interchangeable cartridges 11, each cartridge 11 being associated either with a phase L1, L2 or L3 to be protected or at the neutral point N, the base 6 (shown in dotted lines in FIGS. 4 and 5) may include several housings, each housing being capable of receiving a cartridge 11, or even a single housing arranged to receive all of the cartridges 11 mentioned above.
Tel que cela est représenté sur les figures 4 et 5, chaque varistance phase- terre PT, phase-neutre PN ou encore neutre-terre NT est raccordée au réseau à l'aide de moyens de connexion électrique 15, la liaison électrique à la terre étant effectuée à l'aide d'autres moyens de connexion électrique 16. Les moyens de connexion électrique 15, 16 sont, de façon préférentielle et classique, de nature filaire.As shown in Figures 4 and 5, each phase-earth varistor PT, phase-neutral PN or neutral-earth NT is connected to the network using electrical connection means 15, the electrical connection to earth being carried out using other electrical connection means 16. The electrical connection means 15, 16 are, preferably and conventionally, of a wired nature.
Avantageusement, chaque varistance phase-terre PT comprend une borne dite de phase p reliée électriquement à la phase L1 , L2 ou L3 à protéger, et une borne dite de terre t, reliée électriquement à la terre T.Advantageously, each phase-earth varistor PT comprises a so-called phase p terminal electrically connected to the phase L1, L2 or L3 to be protected, and a so-called earth terminal t, electrically connected to earth T.
De même, chaque varistance phase-neutre PN comprend une borne dite de phase p reliée électriquement à la phase L1, L2 ou L3 à protéger et une borne dite de neutre n reliée électriquement au neutre N. Tel que cela est représenté sur les figures 4 et 5, les varistances phase-terre PT et phase- neutre PN sont disposées l'une à côté de l'autre au sein du boîtier 2, 2A, 2B, 2C. Or, les bornes de neutre n et de terre t ne sont pas au même potentiel de telle sorte que si ces dernières sont trop proches l'une de l'autre, un arc électrique est susceptible de se former entre lesdites bornes n, t, court- circuitant ainsi le dispositif de protection 1.Similarly, each phase-neutral varistor PN includes a so-called phase p terminal electrically connected to the phase L1, L2 or L3 to be protected and a so-called neutral n terminal electrically connected to neutral N. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN are arranged one next to the other within the housing 2, 2A, 2B, 2C. However, the neutral n and earth t terminals are not at the same potential so that if the latter are too close to one another, an electric arc is likely to form between said terminals n, t, thus short-circuiting the protection device 1.
Afin d'éviter ce phénomène, le dispositif de protection 1 comporte avantageusement des moyens d'isolation électrique 20, adaptés pour isoler électriquement la borne de terre t de la borne de neutre n et de préférence aménagés au sein du boîtier 2, 2A, 2B, 2C. Les moyens d'isolation électrique 20 sont avantageusement disposés et agencés pour former un écran isolant entre ladite borne de terre t et ladite borne de neutre n.In order to avoid this phenomenon, the protection device 1 advantageously includes electrical isolation means 20, adapted to electrically isolate the earth terminal t from the neutral terminal n and preferably arranged within the housing 2, 2A, 2B , 2C. The electrical insulation means 20 are advantageously arranged and arranged to form an insulating screen between said earth terminal t and said neutral terminal n.
A titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif, les moyens d'isolation électrique 20 pourront être formés par une cloison de séparation 21 électriquement isolante, interposée entre la borne de terre t et la borne de neutre n de manière à garantir l'isolation électrique desdites bornes de terre t et de neutre n l'une par rapport à l'autre.By way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, the electrical insulation means 20 may be formed by an electrically insulating partition 21, interposed between the earth terminal t and the neutral terminal n so as to guarantee the electrical insulation said earth t and neutral n terminals with respect to each other.
Avantageusement, les moyens d'isolation électrique 20 sont conçus et dimensionnés pour augmenter la distance d'isolement entre la borne de terre t et la borne de neutre n, de telle sorte que la distance d'isolement soit supérieure à la distance d'écartement réelle séparant lesdites bornes de terre t et de neutre n.Advantageously, the electrical insulation means 20 are designed and dimensioned to increase the insulation distance between the earth terminal t and the neutral terminal n, so that the insulation distance is greater than the separation distance real separating said earth t and neutral n terminals.
Les moyens d'isolation électrique 20 permettent ainsi de raccourcir la distance d'écartement entre les bornes de neutre n et de terre t, diminuant ainsi l'encombrement du dispositif, tout en garantissant leur isolation électrique, et ce en augmentant la distance d'isolement entre les bornes de neutre n et de terre t, c'est-à-dire la longueur du chemin à parcourir par l'arc électrique entre lesdites bornes neutre n et de terre t pour contourner les moyens d'isolation électrique 20. La cloison de séparation 21 pourra par exemple s'étendre sur une surface juste suffisante pour assurer l'isolation entre les bornes de terre t et de neutre n.The electrical insulation means 20 thus make it possible to shorten the distance between the neutral n and earth t terminals, thereby reducing the size of the device, while ensuring their electrical insulation, and this by increasing the distance d insulation between the neutral n and earth t terminals, that is to say the length of the path to be traveled by the electric arc between said neutral n and earth t terminals to circumvent the electrical isolation means 20. The partition 21 may for example extend over a surface just sufficient to provide insulation between the earth terminals t and neutral n.
De façon préférentielle, et tel que cela est représenté sur la figure 1, la cloison de séparation 21 sera preferentiellement disposée à l'intérieur du boîtier 2 de manière à séparer ce dernier en deux logements 22, 23 sensiblement symétriques par rapport à la cloison de séparation 21, chaque logement 22, 23 étant susceptible de recevoir une varistance munie de son moyen de déconnexion. De façon encore plus préférentielle, et tel que cela est représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, la cloison de séparation 21 pourra s'étendre à l'extérieur du boîtier 2, de manière à séparer la paire de plots 8A, 8B associée à la varistance phase-terre PT, de la paire de plots 9A, 9B associée à la varistance phase-neutre PN.Preferably, and as shown in FIG. 1, the partition 21 will preferably be arranged inside the housing 2 so as to separate the latter into two housings 22, 23 substantially symmetrical with respect to the partition of separation 21, each housing 22, 23 being capable of receiving a varistor provided with its disconnection means. Even more preferably, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the partition 21 may extend outside the housing 2, so as to separate the pair of studs 8A, 8B associated with the phase-earth varistor PT, of the pair of pads 9A, 9B associated with the phase-neutral varistor PN.
Dans ce cas, l'embase 6 comportera avantageusement un logement central 60, spécifiquement adapté pour recevoir l'extrémité sortante de la cloison de séparation 21 lors de l'embrochage du boîtier 2 sur l'embase 6.In this case, the base 6 will advantageously include a central housing 60, specifically adapted to receive the outgoing end of the partition 21 when the housing 2 is racked in on the base 6.
Une telle configuration permet notamment d'éviter la formation d'arcs électriques entre les plots 8A, 9A de potentiels différents, raccordés respectivement à la borne de terre t et à la borne de neutre n lors de l'enfichage.Such a configuration makes it possible in particular to avoid the formation of electric arcs between the pads 8A, 9A of different potentials, connected respectively to the earth terminal t and to the neutral terminal n when plugging in.
Selon une variante préférentielle de l'invention, les varistances phase- terre PT et phase-neutre PN d'un même binôme de montage 3 ont des tensions de service différentes l'une de l'autre. Avantageusement, la varistance phase-neutre PN possède une tension de service inférieure à celle de la varistance phase-terre PT, ce qui permet d'une part d'abaisser le niveau de protection du parafoudre, et d'autre part de réduire l'encombrement du binôme électrique. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif, la varistance phase-terre PT pourra avoir une tension de service de l'ordre de 440 volts de manière à supporter la tension entre phases (de l'ordre de 400 volts) comme l'exigent les normes françaises, la varistance phase-neutre PN présentant une tension de service plus faible, de l'ordre de 275 volts. Dans le cas des versions debrochables du dispositif de protection 1, chaque cartouche 11 comportera ainsi avantageusement un couple de varistances de valeurs différentes, et ce sans créer aucune confusion dans l'esprit de l'utilisateur, puisque chaque conducteur actif reste associé à une unique cartouche 11. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de protection 1 contre les surtensions adapté pour assurer une protection suivant les modes commun et différentiel, ledit procédé comportant les étapes consistant à : - a) fabriquer au moins un boîtier 2 électriquement isolant, - b) fabriquer au moins un binôme électrique, formé par une varistance dite phase-terre PT destinée à être disposée entre une première phase L1 à protéger et la terre T et une varistance dite phase- neutre PN destinée à être disposée entre ladite première phase L1 à protéger et le neutre N.According to a preferred variant of the invention, the phase-earth varistors PT and phase-neutral PN of the same mounting pair 3 have different operating voltages from one another. Advantageously, the phase-neutral varistor PN has a lower operating voltage than that of the phase-earth varistor PT, which makes it possible on the one hand to lower the level of protection of the arrester, and on the other hand to reduce the size of the electrical binomial. So, as an illustrative example and non-limiting, the phase-to-earth varistor PT may have an operating voltage of the order of 440 volts so as to withstand the voltage between phases (of the order of 400 volts) as required by French standards, the phase varistor - neutral PN with a lower operating voltage, of the order of 275 volts. In the case of detachable versions of the protection device 1, each cartridge 11 will thus advantageously comprise a pair of varistors of different values, and this without creating any confusion in the mind of the user, since each active conductor remains associated with a single cartridge 11. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a device 1 for protection against overvoltages adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes, said method comprising the steps consisting in: - a) manufacturing at least one housing 2 electrically insulating, - b) manufacture at least one electrical binomial, formed by a varistor called phase-earth PT intended to be disposed between a first phase L1 to be protected and the earth T and a varistor called phase-neutral PN intended to be disposed between said first phase L1 to be protected and neutral N.
Selon l'invention, le procédé comporte également les étapes suivantes : - c) aménager spécifiquement le boîtier 2 pour qu'il puisse recevoir le binôme électrique, - d) associer les deux varistances PT, PN en un binôme de montage 3 et les monter l'une à côté de l'autre au sein du boîtier 2. Avantageusement, le procédé comporte également une étape dans laquelle on pourvoit le boîtier 2 de moyens d'embrochage / débrochage 7 permettant de raccorder ledit boîtier 2 de manière amovible sur une embase 6 fixe.According to the invention, the method also comprises the following steps: - c) specifically fitting the box 2 so that it can receive the electrical binomial, - d) associating the two varistors PT, PN in a mounting binomial 3 and mounting them one next to the other within the housing 2. Advantageously, the method also comprises a step in which the housing 2 is provided with racking-in / racking-out means 7 making it possible to connect said housing 2 removably to a fixed base 6.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, la varistance phase-terre PT comprenant une borne de phase p reliée électriquement à la phase L1 , L2 ou L3 à protéger et une borne dite de terre t, reliée électriquement à la terre T, et la varistance phase-neutre PN comprenant une borne dite de phase p, reliée électriquement à ladite phase L1 , L2 ou L3 à protéger et une borne dite de neutre n, reliée électriquement au neutre, le procédé comporte également une étape dans laquelle on dispose des moyens d'isolation électrique 20 entre la borne de terre t et la borne de neutre n.In a particularly advantageous manner, the phase-earth varistor PT comprising a phase terminal p electrically connected to the phase L1, L2 or L3 to be protected and a so-called earth terminal t, electrically connected to earth T, and the phase-neutral varistor PN comprising a so-called p-phase terminal, electrically connected to said phase L1, L2 or L3 to be protected and a so-called neutral n terminal, electrically connected to neutral, the method also includes a step in which electrical isolation means are available 20 between earth terminal t and neutral terminal n.
Le procédé comporte également avantageusement les étapes suivantes : - e) fabriquer une varistance dite neutre-terre NT destinée à être disposée entre le neutre N et la terre T, - f) monter ladite varistance neutre-terre NT au sein d'un boîtier supplémentaire 2S, de préférence débrochable.The method also advantageously comprises the following steps: - e) manufacturing a so-called neutral-earth varistor NT intended to be placed between neutral N and earth T, - f) mounting said neutral-earth varistor NT within an additional housing 2S, preferably withdrawable.
L'invention permet ainsi de réduire de façon significative les dimensions et donc l'encombrement d'un dispositif de protection 1 de type mode commun / mode différentiel, tout en garantissant l'isolation électrique entre les composants du dispositif présentant des potentiels différents.The invention thus makes it possible to significantly reduce the dimensions and therefore the size of a protection device 1 of the common mode / differential mode type, while guaranteeing electrical insulation between the components of the device having different potentials.
Un autre avantage de l'invention est de permettre un débrochage facile et intuitif des composants de protection hors d'usage, en vue de leur remplacement. Un autre avantage du dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention est qu'il est utilisable quel que soit le schéma de raccordement du neutre à la terre.Another advantage of the invention is to allow an easy and intuitive removal of the protective components out of use, with a view to their replacement. Another advantage of the protection device 1 according to the invention is that it can be used whatever the connection scheme of the neutral to earth.
Un autre avantage de l'invention provient du fait que le dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention nécessite un nombre de pièces, et notamment de moteurs, réduit par rapport aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur, tout en assurant les mêmes fonctions. La solution offerte par l'invention est donc plus économique que les solutions existantes.Another advantage of the invention comes from the fact that the protection device 1 according to the invention requires a number of parts, and in particular of motors, reduced compared to the devices of the prior art, while ensuring the same functions. The solution offered by the invention is therefore more economical than existing solutions.
Un autre avantage de l'invention est qu'elle permet de rationaliser le procédé de fabrication du dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention, notamment en ayant systématiquement recours à des moteurs doubles.Another advantage of the invention is that it makes it possible to rationalize the process for manufacturing the protection device 1 according to the invention, in particular by systematically using double motors.
POSSIBILITE D'APPLICATION INDUSTRIELLEPOSSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
L'invention trouve son application industrielle dans la conception et la fabrication de dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions transitoires. The invention finds its industrial application in the design and manufacture of protection devices against transient overvoltages.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
- Dispositif de protection (1) contre les surtensions adapté pour assurer une protection suivant les modes commun et différentiel, et comprenant au moins un boîtier (2) électriquement isolant, spécifiquement adapté pour recevoir au moins un binôme électrique, formé par une varistance dite phase-terre (PT), avec une borne de phase (p) et une borne de terre (t), disposée entre une première phase (L1) à protéger et la terre (T), et une varistance dite phase-neutre (PN), avec une borne de phase (p) et une borne de neutre (n), disposée entre ladite première phase (L1) à protéger et le neutre (N), lesdites varistances phase- terre (PT) et phase-neutre (PN) étant montées l'une à côté de l'autre au sein dudit boîtier (2) de manière à former un binôme de montage (3), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de protection (1) comporte des moyens d'isolation électrique (20), adaptés pour isoler électriquement la borne de terre (t) de la varistance phase-terre (PT) de la borne de neutre (n) de la varistance phase-neutre (PN).- Protective device (1) against overvoltages adapted to provide protection according to the common and differential modes, and comprising at least one electrically insulating case (2), specifically adapted to receive at least one electrical binomial, formed by a varistor called phase - earth (PT), with a phase terminal (p) and an earth terminal (t), disposed between a first phase (L1) to be protected and the earth (T), and a varistor called phase-neutral (PN) , with a phase terminal (p) and a neutral terminal (n), disposed between said first phase (L1) to be protected and the neutral (N), said phase-earth (PT) and phase-neutral (PN) varistors being mounted next to each other within said housing (2) so as to form a mounting binomial (3), characterized in that the protection device (1) comprises means of electrical insulation (20 ), suitable for electrically isolating the earth terminal (t) from the phase-earth varistor (PT) of the neutral terminal (n) of the phase-neutral varistor (PN).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'isolation électrique (20) sont conçus et dimensionnés pour augmenter la distance d'isolement entre ladite borne de terre t et ladite borne de neutre n, de telle sorte que la distance d'isolement soit supérieure à la distance d'écartement séparant lesdites bornes de terre t et de neutre n.- Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the electrical insulation means (20) are designed and dimensioned to increase the isolation distance between said earth terminal t and said neutral terminal n, so that the distance d insulation is greater than the spacing distance separating said earth terminals t and neutral n.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'isolation électrique (20) sont formés par une cloison de séparation (21) électriquement isolante, interposée entre la borne de terre (t) et la borne de neutre (n) de manière à garantir l'isolation électrique desdites bornes de terre (t) et de neutre (n) l'une par rapport à l'autre. - Dispositif selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que la cloison de séparation (21) est disposée, à l'intérieur du boîtier (2), de manière à séparer ce dernier en deux logements (22, 23) susceptibles de recevoir chacun une varistance.- Device according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the electrical insulation means (20) are formed by an electrically insulating partition (21), interposed between the earth terminal (t) and the neutral terminal (n ) so as to guarantee the electrical insulation of said earth (t) and neutral (n) terminals with respect to each other. - Device according to claim 3 characterized in that the partition (21) is disposed inside the housing (2), so as to separate the latter into two housings (22, 23) capable of each receiving a varistor .
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que qu'il comporte au moins une embase (6) fixe, et en ce que chaque boîtier (2) est pourvu de moyens d'embrochage / débrochage (7), formés par des plots (8A, 8B, 9A, 9B), adaptés pour permettre le raccordement électrique amovible dudit boîtier (2) relativement à ladite embase (6). - Dispositif selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (2) pourvu de ses moyens d'embrochage / débrochage (7) constitue une cartouche (11) interchangeable.- Device according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that it comprises at least one fixed base (6), and in that each housing (2) is provided with racking-in / racking-out means (7), formed by studs (8A, 8B, 9A, 9B), adapted to allow the removable electrical connection of said housing (2) relative to said base (6). - Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the housing (2) provided with its racking in / out means (7) constitutes a cartridge (11) interchangeable.
- Dispositif selon les revendications 4 et 5 caractérisé en ce que la cloison de séparation (21) s'étend à l'extérieur du boîtier (2) de manière à séparer la paire de plots (8A, 8B) associée à la varistance phase- terre (PT) de la paire de plots (9A, 9B) associée à la varistance phase- neutre (PN).- Device according to claims 4 and 5 characterized in that the partition (21) extends outside the housing (2) so as to separate the pair of studs (8A, 8B) associated with the phase varistor- earth (PT) of the pair of studs (9A, 9B) associated with the phase-neutral varistor (PN).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que l'embase (6) comporte un logement central (60) adapté pour recevoir l'extrémité sortante de la cloison de séparation (21).- Device according to claim 7 characterized in that the base (6) comprises a central housing (60) adapted to receive the outgoing end of the partition (21).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8 caractérisé en ce qu'il est conçu pour assurer la protection d'un réseau monophasé et en ce qu'il comporte au moins un boîtier (2) pourvu d'un binôme de montage (3) raccordé électriquement à la phase (L1) à protéger. -Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9 caractérisé en ce qu'il est conçu pour assurer la protection d'un réseau triphasé et en ce qu'il comporte au moins trois boîtiers (2A, 2B, 2C), chacun pourvu d'un binôme de montage (3) raccordé électriquement à une phase (L1 , L2, L3) à protéger.- Device according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that it is designed to ensure the protection of a single-phase network and in that it comprises at least one housing (2) provided with a mounting binomial ( 3) electrically connected to the phase (L1) to be protected. -Device according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that it is designed to ensure the protection of a three-phase network and in that it comprises at least three boxes (2A, 2B, 2C), each provided with 'a mounting pair (3) electrically connected to a phase (L1, L2, L3) to be protected.
-Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9 caractérisé en ce qu'il est conçu pour assurer la protection d'un réseau polyphasé comprenant un nombre N de phases, et en ce qu'il comporte un nombre de boîtiers (2) au moins égal au nombre N de phases, chaque boîtier (2) étant pourvu d'un binôme de montage (3).-Device according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that it is designed to ensure the protection of a polyphase network comprising a number N of phases, and in that it comprises a number of boxes (2) at less equal to the number N of phases, each box (2) being provided with a mounting binomial (3).
-Dispositif selon la revendication 10 ou 11 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens isolants (30) disposés entre deux binômes de montage (3) consécutifs de manière à les isoler électriquement l'un de l'autre.-A device according to claim 10 or 11 characterized in that it comprises insulating means (30) disposed between two mounting pairs (3) consecutive so as to electrically isolate them from each other.
-Dispositif selon la revendication 12 caractérisé en ce que les moyens isolants (30) sont formés par un écran en matériau électriquement isolant, interposé entre deux binômes de montage (3) consécutifs.-A device according to claim 12 characterized in that the insulating means (30) are formed by a screen made of electrically insulating material, interposed between two consecutive mounting pairs (3).
-Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte également une varistance dite neutre-terre (NT), disposée entre le neutre (N) et la terre (T), ladite varistance neutre-terre (NT) étant montée au sein d'un boîtier supplémentaire (2S).-Device according to one of claims 1 to 13 characterized in that it also comprises a so-called neutral-earth varistor (NT), disposed between the neutral (N) and the earth (T), said neutral-earth varistor (NT) ) being mounted in an additional box (2S).
-Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les varistances phase-terre (PT) et phase-neutre (PN) d'un même binôme de montage (3) ont des tensions de service différentes l'une de l'autre. -Dispositif selon la revendication 15 caractérisé en ce que dans un même binôme de montage (3), la varistance phase-neutre (PN) possède une tension de service inférieure à celle de la varistance phase-terre (PT). -Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the phase-to-earth (PT) and phase-neutral (PN) varistors of the same mounting pair (3) have different operating voltages, one of the other. -A device according to claim 15 characterized in that in the same mounting binomial (3), the phase-neutral varistor (PN) has a lower operating voltage than that of the phase-earth varistor (PT).
PCT/FR2005/000524 2004-03-05 2005-03-04 Overvoltage protection device in common/differential mode of reduced size WO2005086182A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05736977A EP1726019B1 (en) 2004-03-05 2005-03-04 Overvoltage protection device in common/differential mode of reduced size
RU2006135132/09A RU2006135132A (en) 2004-03-05 2005-03-04 SMALL OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE WITH GENERAL / DIFFERENTIATED OPERATION MODE
MXPA06010057A MXPA06010057A (en) 2004-03-05 2005-03-04 Overvoltage protection device in common/differential mode of reduced size.
BRPI0509002-4A BRPI0509002A (en) 2004-03-05 2005-03-04 overvoltage protection device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0402367 2004-03-05
FR0402367A FR2867318B1 (en) 2004-03-05 2004-03-05 DEVICE FOR PROTECTING AGAINST DIFFERENTIAL COMMON MODE OVERTENTIONS OF REDUCED DIMENSION

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005086182A1 true WO2005086182A1 (en) 2005-09-15

Family

ID=34855112

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR2005/000524 WO2005086182A1 (en) 2004-03-05 2005-03-04 Overvoltage protection device in common/differential mode of reduced size

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1726019B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1930642A (en)
BR (1) BRPI0509002A (en)
FR (1) FR2867318B1 (en)
MX (1) MXPA06010057A (en)
RU (1) RU2006135132A (en)
WO (1) WO2005086182A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210372645A1 (en) * 2019-01-11 2021-12-02 Shpi Gmbh Multipurpose multifunction device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0867896A1 (en) * 1997-03-25 1998-09-30 Citel Protection device for a low-voltage electric circuit, module for such a protection device and circuit for this module
EP0987803A1 (en) * 1998-09-15 2000-03-22 Soule Materiel Electrique Protection device for electric installations against alimentation disturbances

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0867896A1 (en) * 1997-03-25 1998-09-30 Citel Protection device for a low-voltage electric circuit, module for such a protection device and circuit for this module
EP0987803A1 (en) * 1998-09-15 2000-03-22 Soule Materiel Electrique Protection device for electric installations against alimentation disturbances

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210372645A1 (en) * 2019-01-11 2021-12-02 Shpi Gmbh Multipurpose multifunction device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0509002A (en) 2007-08-07
EP1726019B1 (en) 2012-08-15
EP1726019A1 (en) 2006-11-29
FR2867318A1 (en) 2005-09-09
FR2867318B1 (en) 2007-05-11
MXPA06010057A (en) 2006-12-15
CN1930642A (en) 2007-03-14
RU2006135132A (en) 2008-04-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1709717B1 (en) Device for protection against voltage surges with parallel simultaneously triggered spark-gaps
CA2384750C (en) Device protecting against voltage surges
FR2680611A1 (en) DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST OVERVOLTAGES.
FR2700893A1 (en) Device and method for protection against electrical spikes.
FR2815767A1 (en) Disconnect switch with built-in fuse, e.g. for telecommunication panel system, has fuse receptacle to retractably hold fuse with open fuse indicator in switch housing
FR2783365A1 (en) DEVICE FOR PROTECTING ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AGAINST INTERFERENCE WITH THE POWER SUPPLY
EP3319194B1 (en) Transient surge protection device
EP3566269B1 (en) Integrated component for protecting against overvoltages, in particular for a coaxial-cable system
WO2019077269A1 (en) Electrical disconnection device, method and installation using such a device
CA2323139A1 (en) Lightning protection device for low-voltage system
EP1726019B1 (en) Overvoltage protection device in common/differential mode of reduced size
EP0867896A1 (en) Protection device for a low-voltage electric circuit, module for such a protection device and circuit for this module
EP3314682B1 (en) Electric energy storage module
EP0130851A1 (en) Protection apparatus against overvoltages in electrical low-voltage installations or networks
FR2864714A1 (en) Lightning arrestor for e.g. instrument, has improvement unit cooperating with spark-gap so that arrestor has resultant follow current interrupting capacity greater than intrinsic capacity,and having resistive unit mounted in series with gap
EP2541712B1 (en) Electrical line with cross-bonding cable junctions
EP1628378B1 (en) Overvoltage protection device comprising parallel spark gaps
FR2609580A1 (en) Lightning-arrester module for protection against industrial overvoltages
EP2990811B1 (en) Device for contactless measurement of an electrical voltage in a cable of a medium- or high-voltage electric network
WO2013087443A1 (en) Three-pole lightning arrestor integrated into a residential gateway with lightning impact detector
EP0909000B1 (en) Protection device for a capacitor bank
EP4343808A1 (en) Non-electrical device for replacing a current sensor in a switching chamber of a load interrupter, and load interrupter having such a non-electrical device
FR2897991A1 (en) OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE WITH SOLD-FREE CONTACTS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
FR2595882A1 (en) Mains adaptor unit with multiple protection
EP0032085A1 (en) Multipolar protecting device against overvoltages

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: PA/a/2006/010057

Country of ref document: MX

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200580007113.3

Country of ref document: CN

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2005736977

Country of ref document: EP

Ref document number: 5760/DELNP/2006

Country of ref document: IN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2006135132

Country of ref document: RU

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2005736977

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: PI0509002

Country of ref document: BR