WO2005080623A1

WO2005080623A1 - Metal working method and metal element

Info

Publication number: WO2005080623A1
Application number: PCT/JP2005/003218
Authority: WO
Inventors: Katsuaki Nakamura; Zenji Horita; Koji Neishi; Michihiko Nakagaki; Kenji Kaneko
Original assignee: Rinascimetalli Ltd.
Priority date: 2004-02-25
Filing date: 2005-02-25
Publication date: 2005-09-01
Also published as: JP4800930B2; JPWO2005080623A1

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] A metal working method capable of continuously forming various metal elements that are increased in strength or ductility by micronizing a metallographic structure to thereby improve mass-productivity and reduce costs, and a metal element. When the deformation resistance of a metal element extending in one direction is locally lowered to form a low-deformation-resistance area that traverses the metal element and this low-deformation-resistance area is shear-deformed to micronize the metallographic structure of the metal element, a non-low-deformation-resistance area generating means is provided that increases deformation resistance lowered in the above low-deformation-resistance area to generate a non-low-deformation-resistance area, and a non-low-deformation-resistance area is generated along at least any one side edge of the low-deformation-resistance area by the non-low-deformation-resistance area generating means.

Description

Specification

Metal processing method and metal body

Technical field

The present invention relates to a metal working method and a metal body.

Background art

[0002] Conventionally, a metal body has a metal structure such as a metal-containing ceramic body! / In some materials, the metal structure is refined by an ECAP (Equal-Channel Angular Pressing) method, thereby It is known that the strength or ductility of a material can be improved.

In the ECAP method, as shown in FIG. 27, a die 100 is provided with an insertion passage 200 bent at a required angle in the middle of the die 100, and a required metal body 300 is inserted into the insertion passage 200 while being pressed. This causes the metal body 300 to bend along the path 200, and generates a shear stress in the metal body 300 along with the bending, and the metal structure is refined by the shear stress. In FIG. 27, reference numeral 400 denotes a plunger for pressing a metal body.

[0004] In such an ECAP method, the die 100 is heated to a predetermined temperature by heating the die 100 to reduce the deformation resistance by heating the die 100 to a predetermined temperature in order to easily bend the metal body 300 along the path 200. However, if the deformation resistance of the metal body 300 is significantly reduced, the metal body 300 may be excessively deformed, such as buckling, when pressed by the plunger 400. Heating had to be minimized.

[0005] When the heating of the metal body 300 is suppressed in this way, the metal body 300 has to be pressed by a relatively large force by the plunger 400, so that there is a problem that workability is poor. The shear deformation region of the insertion passage that acts is locally heated, and this heating reduces the deformation resistance of the shear deformation portion of the metal body, thereby reducing the force of pressing the metal with the plunger and improving workability. Improvements have been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

[0006] On the other hand, as a method for producing a large amount of a metal body having a fine metal structure, a method of cooling from a required high temperature state to low carbon steel or low carbon alloy steel having a predetermined composition is used. It is known to carry out processing to reduce the cross-sectional area reduction rate to 60% or more in the process (for example, See Patent Document 2. ).

Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-321825

Patent Document 2: JP-A-11-323481

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0007] When the shear deformation region is heated by the ECAP method as described above, the metal body that has passed through the shear deformation region remains heated to a predetermined temperature. Since the deformation resistance of the extruded metal body is reduced overall, in order to continuously insert the metal body into the insertion passage and apply the shear stress repeatedly, the metal body must be kept at a predetermined temperature or lower to reduce the deformation resistance. Required a cooling time for cooling until the temperature became large.

[0008] Therefore, the metal body cannot be continuously processed by the ECAP method in a time shorter than the cooling time, and there has been a problem that productivity is extremely low.

[0009] Furthermore, in the ECAP method, it is necessary to pass a metal body through a curved passage, so that there is a problem that it is difficult to perform a partial treatment to refine only a part of the metal structure of the metal body. there were.

[0010] On the other hand, in the above-described method of reducing the metal structure of low-carbon steel or low-carbon alloy steel having a predetermined composition, applicable metal bodies are limited to low-carbon steel or low-carbon alloy steel having a special composition. However, there is a problem that the use range is extremely narrow.

[0011] As described above, there is an advantage and disadvantage in forming a metal body that achieves high strength or high ductility by making the metal thread finer, and at present, the production cost is a problem. For special applications such as luxury cars and fighters, leveraged metals are used! ,

[0012] In such a situation, recently, especially in the automobile industry, there is a demand for a lightweight vehicle body or the like for the purpose of improving fuel efficiency or driving performance. There is a great demand for a lightweight body using a metal body that has been strengthened by making its structure finer, and there is a great potential demand for a low-cost, high-strength or highly ductile metal body. Exists!

[0013] In view of such a current situation, the present inventors have made it possible to increase the strength by refining the metal structure. Alternatively, research and development have been conducted to improve the mass productivity by providing various metal bodies with high ductility and to improve the mass productivity, and to provide metal bodies with low cost. It is a thing.

Means for solving the problem

[0014] In the metal working method according to claim 1, the deformation resistance of the metal body extending in one direction is locally reduced to form a low deformation resistance region that crosses the metal body, and the low deformation resistance region is formed. A metal working method for reducing the metal structure of the metal body by shearing deformation, wherein the non-low deformation resistance region is reduced by increasing the deformation resistance in the low deformation resistance region. A non-low deformation resistance region generating means for generating, and the non-low deformation resistance region generating means generates a non-low deformation resistance region along at least one side edge of the low deformation resistance region. .

[0015] In the metal working method according to claim 2, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the metal body is moved along an extension direction, and the low deformation resistance is provided on a downstream side in the movement direction. A non-low deformation resistance region is generated along the side edge of the region by the non-low deformation resistance region generation means.

[0016] In the metal working method according to claim 3, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the non-low deformation resistance region generating means is a cooling means for cooling the metal body.

[0017] In the metal working method according to claim 4, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the metal body is rapidly cooled in the non-low deformation resistance region.

[0018] In the metal working method according to claim 5, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the low deformation resistance region is formed in a vacuum.

[0019] In the metal working method according to claim 6, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the low deformation resistance region is formed under a high pressure.

[0020] In the metal working method according to claim 7, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the low deformation resistance region is formed in an active gas atmosphere.

In the metal working method according to claim 8, in the metal working method according to claim 7, the active gas is nitrogen gas.

[0022] In the metal working method according to claim 9, in the metal working method according to claim 7, The active gas was methane gas and z or monocarbon gas.

[0023] In the metal working method according to claim 10, in the metal working method according to claim 1, powder is sprayed onto the low deformation resistance region.

[0024] In a metal working method according to claim 11, in the metal working method according to claim 1, ion doping is performed on the low deformation resistance region.

[0025] In the metal processing method according to claim 12, in the metal processing method according to claim 1, the first heating is performed on the metal body for a predetermined time, and then the second heating is performed on the metal body to reduce the low deformation resistance region. Was formed.

[0026] In the metal working method according to claim 13, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the low deformation resistance region is formed in an unconstrained region of a constraining means for constraining the metal body that has been heated. And

[0027] In the metal working method according to claim 14, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the low deformation resistance region is formed in the metal body immersed in a liquid.

[0028] In the metal working method according to claim 15, in the metal working method according to claim 14, the metal body is heated in a liquid to form the low deformation resistance region.

[0029] In the metal working method according to claim 16, in the metal working method according to claim 15, when the low deformation resistance region is formed, a thermal conductivity around the low deformation resistance region is reduced. did.

[0030] In the metal working method according to claim 17, in the metal working method according to claim 15, when forming the low deformation resistance region, bubbles are generated around the low deformation resistance region.

[0031] In the metal working method according to claim 18, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the metal body having a fine metal structure is subjected to plastic working without coarsening the metal structure.

[0032] In the metal working method according to claim 19, in the metal working method according to claim 18, the plastic working is performed in a heating state for a short time without coarsening the metal structure of the metal body. I decided.

[0033] In the metal working method according to claim 20, in the metal working method according to claim 18, After the plastic working, the metal structure of the metal body is not coarsened! The temperature is maintained and the aging treatment is performed.

[0034] In the metal working method according to claim 21, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the metal body is carburized.

[0035] In the metal working method according to claim 22, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the metal structure of the metal body is refined while extending the low deformation resistance region.

[0036] In the metal working method according to claim 23, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the metal structure of the metal body is refined while compressing the low deformation resistance region.

[0037] In the metal working method according to claim 24, the metal working method according to claim 1!

The body was a cylindrical body having a hollow portion, and the hollow portion was in a reduced pressure state.

[0038] In the metal working method according to claim 25, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the metal body is a cylindrical body having a hollow part, and the hollow part is in a high-pressure state.

[0039] In the metal working method according to claim 26, in the metal working method according to claim 1, a forming guide body for forming the metal body into a predetermined shape is brought into contact with the low deformation resistance region. I decided to do it.

[0040] In the metal working method according to claim 27, in the metal working method according to claim 26, the forming guide body is a heating means for heating the metal body.

[0041] In the metal working method according to claim 28, in the metal working method according to claim 26, the forming guide body is a cooling unit that cools the metal body.

[0042] In the metal working method according to claim 29, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the low deformation resistance region is moved along an extension direction of the metal body.

[0043] In the metal body according to claim 30, the metal body extends in one direction, and the deformation resistance is locally reduced to temporarily form a low deformation resistance region crossing the metal body. In addition, the low deformation resistance region is generated by a non-low deformation resistance region generating means for generating a non-low deformation resistance region by increasing the deformation resistance which is lowered and lowered in the low deformation resistance region. A non-low deformation resistance region is generated along at least one side edge of the above, and the low deformation resistance region is subjected to shear deformation to make the metal structure fine.

[0044] In the metal body according to claim 31, in the metal body according to claim 30, the non-low deformation resistance region formed by the non-low deformation resistance region generating means moves along an extension direction. It was formed on the side edge of the low deformation resistance region on the downstream side in the moving direction of the metal body.

[0045] In the metal body according to claim 32, in the metal body according to claim 30, the non-low deformation resistance region generating means is a cooling means for cooling the metal body.

[0046] In the metal body according to claim 33, in the metal body according to claim 30, the metal body is rapidly cooled in the non-low deformation resistance region.

[0047] In the metal body according to claim 34, the low deformation resistance region is formed in a vacuum in accordance with the metal body according to claim 30.

[0048] In the metal body according to the thirty-fifth aspect, the low deformation resistance region is formed under a high pressure.

[0049] In the metal body according to claim 36, in the metal body according to claim 30, the low deformation resistance region is formed in an active gas atmosphere.

[0050] In the metal body according to claim 37, in the metal body according to claim 36, the active gas is nitrogen gas.

[0051] In the metal body according to the thirty-eighth aspect, the active gas may be methane gas and Z or carbon monoxide gas.

[0052] In the metal body according to claim 39, in the metal body according to claim 30, the low deformation resistance region is provided.

Was sprayed with powder.

[0053] In the metal body according to claim 40, in the metal body according to claim 30, the low deformation resistance region is subjected to heavy doping.

[0054] In the metal body according to claim 41, in the metal body according to claim 30, the first heating is performed on the metal body for a predetermined time, and then the second heating is performed to perform the low deformation resistance region. Form [0055] In the metal body according to claim 42, in the metal body according to claim 30, the low deformation resistance region is formed in a non-constrained region of a constraining means for constraining the metal body at a high temperature.

In the metal body according to claim 43, the low deformation resistance region is formed in the metal body immersed in a liquid, in addition to the metal body according to claim 30.

In the metal body according to claim 44, the metal body is heated in a liquid to form the low deformation resistance region.

[0058] In the metal body according to claim 45, when the low deformation resistance region is formed, the thermal conductivity around the low deformation resistance region is reduced. Was.

In the metal body according to claim 46, in the metal body according to claim 44, when forming the low deformation resistance region, bubbles are generated around the low deformation resistance region.

[0060] In the metal body according to the forty-seventh aspect, in the metal body according to the thirty-third aspect, the metal body having a finer metal structure is plastically worked without coarsening the metal structure.

[0061] In the metal body according to the forty-eighth aspect, in the metal body according to the forty-seventh aspect, the plastic working is performed in a short heating state that does not coarsen the metal structure of the metal body.

[0062] In the metal body according to claim 49, after performing the plastic working on the metal body according to claim 47, the metal structure of the metal body is maintained at a temperature while keeping the metal structure coarse while aging. Processed.

[0063] In the metal body according to claim 50, the metal body according to claim 30 is subjected to a carburizing treatment.

[0064] In the metal body according to claim 51, in the metal body according to claim 30, the metal structure of the metal body is refined while extending the low deformation resistance region.

[0065] In the metal body according to claim 52, in the metal body according to claim 30, the metal structure of the metal body is refined while compressing the low deformation resistance region.

[0066] In the metal body according to claim 53, in the metal body according to claim 30, the metal body is a cylindrical body having a hollow part, and the hollow part is in a reduced pressure state.

[0067] In the metal body according to claim 54, in addition to the metal body according to claim 30, the metal body is a cylindrical body having a hollow portion, and the hollow portion is in a high-pressure state.

[0068] In the metal body according to claim 55, in addition to the metal body according to claim 30, a forming guide body for forming the metal body into a predetermined shape is brought into contact with the low deformation resistance region. [0069] In the metal body according to claim 56, in the metal body according to claim 55, the forming guide body is a heating means for heating the metal body.

[0070] In the metal body according to claim 57, in the metal body according to claim 55, the forming guide body is a cooling means for cooling the metal body.

[0071] In the metal body according to claim 58, in the metal body according to claim 30, the low deformation resistance region is moved along the extension direction of the metal body.

The invention's effect

According to the invention described in claim 1, the deformation resistance of the metal body extending in one direction is locally reduced to form a low deformation resistance region crossing the metal body, and the low deformation resistance region is sheared. A metal working method for making a metal structure of a metal body fine by cutting and deforming, and having a low deformation resistance.

A non-low deformation resistance region generating means for generating a non-low deformation resistance region by increasing a deformation resistance which is reduced, and a non-low deformation region is formed along at least one side edge of the low deformation resistance region. By generating the non-low deformation resistance region by the resistance region generating means, the metal structure of the locally formed low deformation resistance region can be efficiently refined.

According to the second aspect of the invention, in the metal working method according to the first aspect, the metal body is moved along the elongation direction, and the low deformation resistance area on the downstream side in the movement direction. By generating the non-low deformation resistance region along the side edge of the region by the non-low deformation resistance region generation means, it is possible to extremely efficiently and continuously generate a metal body having a fine metal structure.

According to the third aspect of the invention, in the metal working method according to the first aspect, the non-low deformation resistance region generating means is a cooling means for cooling the metal body. Since the deformation resistance region can be generated extremely easily and surely, a metal body having a fine metal structure can be surely generated at low cost.

[0075] According to the invention as set forth in claim 4, in the metal working method as set forth in claim 1, by rapidly cooling the metal body in the non-low deformation resistance region, the metal is maintained by maintaining the heated state. Since the enlargement of the tissue can be suppressed and the metal body can be quenched, a highly functional metal body can be formed. According to the invention of claim 5, in the metal working method of claim 1, by forming the low deformation resistance region in a vacuum, the shear deformation of the low deformation resistance region is reduced. The formation of a reaction film with a gas component on the surface can be prevented, and the processing in the subsequent process can be reduced. In particular, when the metal body is heated when the low deformation resistance region is formed, the metal body can be cooled without using cooling means by the self-cooling action of the metal body, and the formation efficiency of the low deformation resistance region can be reduced. Can be improved.

[0077] According to the invention of claim 6, in the metal working method of claim 1, by forming the low deformation resistance region under high pressure, the low deformation resistance region is formed by high pressure. The effect of (1) can improve the efficiency of metal structure refinement.

[0078] According to the invention of claim 7, in the metal working method of claim 1, by forming the low deformation resistance region in an active gas atmosphere, the metal structure of the metal body can be finely divided. In addition, since a reaction region with the active gas can be formed on the surface of the low deformation resistance region, a highly functional metal body can be formed.

[0079] According to the invention of claim 8, in the metal working method of claim 7, the active gas is nitrogen.

By using the gas, the metal structure of the metal body can be refined and the low deformation resistance region can be nitrided, so that a more sophisticated metal body can be formed.

[0080] According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in the metal working method of the seventh aspect, the metallographic structure of the metal body is reduced by using methane gas and z or monocarbon gas as the active gas. Since the size is reduced and the low deformation resistance region can be carburized, a more sophisticated metal body can be formed.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, in the metal working method according to the first aspect, the metal structure of the metal body is reduced by spraying powder onto the low deformation resistance region. Powder can be mechanically mixed into the deformation resistance region, and a more sophisticated metal body can be formed. In particular, a metal body having a composition that is difficult to form with a conventional structure can be easily formed, and a new material can be manufactured when a powder other than a metal is sprayed on a low deformation resistance region.

[0082] According to the invention as set forth in claim 11, the metal working method according to claim 1 has a low deformation. By performing ion doping on the resistance region, the metal structure of the metal body can be made finer, and the ion-imparted particles can be mixed into the low deformation resistance region, so that a more sophisticated metal body can be formed. In particular, a metal body having a composition that is difficult to form with a conventional structure can be easily formed.

[0083] According to the invention as set forth in claim 12, in the metal working method as set forth in claim 1, after the first heating is performed on the metal body for a predetermined time, the second heating is performed to form the low deformation resistance region. This makes it possible to uniformly control the heating state of the low deformation resistance region when the low deformation resistance region is formed by heating, and to perform uniform miniaturization. In particular, when the first heating is performed at the solution temperature of the metal and the second heating is performed at a temperature that is a processing condition of the shear deformation, the solution-formed metal is subjected to the shear deformation. it can.

[0084] According to the invention of claim 13, in the metal working method of claim 1, by forming the low deformation resistance region in the unconstrained region of the constraining means for constraining the high-temperature metal body, During the manufacturing process of the metal body, the metal body of the metal body is heated during the manufacturing process, so that the metal structure of the metal body can be miniaturized, and a metal body having a finer metal structure can be manufactured without increasing the number of manufacturing processes.

[0085] According to the invention set forth in claim 14, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the low deformation resistance region is formed in the metal body immersed in the liquid. Knocks in the forming conditions can be suppressed, and the metal structure can be uniformly refined.

[0086] According to the invention as set forth in claim 15, in the metal working method as set forth in claim 14, the metal body is heated in a liquid to form a low deformation resistance region, so that the low deformation resistance formed by heating is formed. Cooling of the region can be performed promptly, and particularly, quenching can be continuously performed on the portion where the shear deformation has been completed, so that a more sophisticated metal body can be formed.

[0087] According to the invention of claim 16, in the metal working method of claim 15, when the low deformation resistance region is formed, the thermal conductivity around the low deformation resistance region is reduced. In addition, the metal body in the liquid can be efficiently heated.

According to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the metal working method according to the fifteenth aspect, a low deformation By generating bubbles around the low deformation resistance region when forming the resistance region, the metal body in the liquid can be efficiently heated.

[0089] According to the invention as set forth in claim 18, in the metal working method as set forth in claim 1, the metal body having a finer metal structure is plastically worked without coarsening the metal structure. Metal structure

By making the metal body thinner, it is possible to provide a metal body having a required shape, particularly for a metal body having high strength or high ductility.

[0090] According to the invention as set forth in claim 19, in the metal working method according to claim 18, the plastic working is performed in a short heating state without coarsening the metal structure of the metal body. At times, it is possible to prevent the metal thread from becoming too large to inhibit high strength or high ductility.

[0091] According to the invention as set forth in claim 20, in the metal working method as set forth in claim 18, after aging, the metal structure of the metal body is maintained at a temperature without being coarsened, and is subjected to an aging treatment. The strength of the metal body having increased strength or high ductility can be improved.

[0092] According to the invention as set forth in claim 21, in the metal working method as set forth in claim 1, the metal body is preliminarily subjected to a carburizing treatment, whereby the metal body is subjected to shear deformation in the low deformation resistance region. The metal structure can be refined while performing charcoal treatment, and a highly functional metal body can be formed.

[0093] According to the invention of claim 22, in the metal working method of claim 1, the metal structure of the metal body is refined while extending the low deformation resistance region, so that the low deformation resistance is reduced. Since the strain due to elongation can be applied to the anti-region in addition to the strain due to shearing, the metal structure can be further refined.

[0094] According to the invention according to claim 23, in the metal working method according to claim 1, the metal structure of the metal body is refined while compressing the low-deformation resistance region to thereby reduce the low-deformation resistance. Since the strain caused by compression can be applied to the anti-region in addition to the strain caused by shearing, the metal structure can be further refined.

[0095] According to the invention as set forth in claim 24, in the metal working method as set forth in claim 1, the hollow body is made of a cylindrical body having a hollow part, and the hollow part is depressurized, so that the low deformation is achieved. In the resistance region, shear deformation can be performed while contracting and deforming the metal body toward the hollow portion, and the metal structure can be further refined.

[0096] According to the invention set forth in claim 25, in the metal processing method according to claim 1, by setting the hollow portion to a high pressure state as the metal body formed of the cylindrical body having the hollow portion, the low deformation resistance is reduced. The shear deformation can be performed while expanding and deforming the metal body in the region, and the metal structure can be further refined.

[0097] According to the invention as set forth in claim 26, in the metal working method as set forth in claim 1, by bringing a forming guide body for forming the metal body into a predetermined shape into contact with the low deformation resistance region, In addition, since the metal body can be deformed to a required shape by the molding guide while miniaturizing the metal structure by shear deformation in the low deformation resistance region, the metal body having high strength is a metal body having high ductility. In! Thus, a metal body having a required shape can be provided.

[0098] According to the invention described in claim 27, in the metal working method described in claim 26, the forming guide body is a heating means for heating the metal body, so that the forming guide body is in contact with the forming guide body. The contact portion of the contacted metal body can be locally heated, and the low deformation resistance region can be more easily formed.

[0099] According to the invention according to claim 28, in the metal working method according to claim 26, the forming guide body is a cooling means for cooling the metal body, so that the forming guide body is in contact with the forming guide body. The contact portion of the contacted metal body can be locally cooled, and the low deformation resistance region after the shear deformation can be efficiently cooled, and the production efficiency can be improved.

[0100] According to the invention of claim 29, in the metal working method of claim 1, the low deformation resistance region is extended in one direction by moving the region along the extension direction of the metal body. The entire metal structure of the metal body can be extremely easily refined, and the metal structure can be continuously refined.

[0101] According to the invention as set forth in claim 30, the metal body extended in one direction, the deformation resistance is locally reduced, and a low deformation resistance region that traverses the metal body is temporarily formed, and The non-low deformation resistance region generating means for generating a non-low deformation resistance region by increasing the deformation resistance which is reduced and lowered at least in the low deformation resistance region and at least one of the low deformation resistance region is shifted. A non-low deformation resistance region is created along the side edge of Since the metal structure is refined by shearing deformation, the metal structure in the locally formed low deformation resistance region can be surely refined, and the metal body having high strength is highly ductile. Can be provided at low cost.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 31, the non-low deformation resistance region formed by the non-low deformation resistance region generating means is moved along the extension direction in the metal body according to claim 30. Since the metal structure is formed on the side edge of the low deformation resistance region on the downstream side in the moving direction of the metal body, the metal structure can be continuously refined as the metal body moves, and the metal structure becomes finer. Since the production efficiency of the metalized body can be improved, a metal body having high strength or high ductility can be provided at low cost.

According to the invention of claim 32, the non-low deformation resistance region generating means is a cooling means for cooling the metal body. Since the region can be generated very easily and reliably, a metal body having a fine metal structure can be provided reliably at low cost.

[0104] According to the invention of claim 33, in addition to the metal body of claim 30, the metal body is rapidly cooled in the non-low deformation resistance region, so that the metal structure is maintained by maintaining the heating state. Since the enlargement can be suppressed and the metal body can be quenched, the function of the metal body can be enhanced.

[0105] According to the invention of claim 34, since the low deformation resistance region is formed in a vacuum in the metal body according to claim 30, the surface of the low deformation resistance region that has been sheared and deformed is formed. The formation of a reaction film with a gas component can be prevented, and the processing in a subsequent step can be reduced. In particular, when the metal body is heated when forming the low deformation resistance region, the metal body can be cooled without using cooling means by the self-cooling action of the metal body, and the formation efficiency of the low deformation resistance region is improved. Can be improved.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 35, since the low deformation resistance region is formed under high pressure in the metal body according to claim 30, the action of the high pressure on the low deformation resistance region is achieved. As a result, the efficiency of miniaturization of the metal structure can be improved.

[0107] According to the invention described in claim 36, the metal structure of the metal body is miniaturized by forming the low deformation resistance region in an active gas atmosphere in the metal body described in claim 30. Then In both cases, a reaction region with the active gas can be formed on the surface of the low deformation resistance region, so that the metal body can be enhanced in function.

[0108] According to the invention of claim 37, the metal structure of the metal body is miniaturized and the low deformation resistance region is obtained by using an active gas of nitrogen gas in addition to the metal body of claim 36. Can be nitrided, so that the metal body can be enhanced in function.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 38, the metal structure of the metal body is changed by using methane gas and Z or monocarbon gas as the active gas in addition to the metal body according to claim 36. Since the size is reduced and the low deformation resistance region can be carburized, the function of the metal body can be enhanced.

[0110] According to the invention as set forth in claim 39, in the metal body according to claim 30, by spraying the powder on the low deformation resistance region, the metal structure of the metal body is refined and the low deformation resistance region is formed. The powder can be mechanically mixed into the metal, and the metal body can be enhanced. In particular, a metal body having a composition that is difficult to form with the conventional structure can be easily formed, and when a powder other than metal is sprayed on the low deformation resistance region, the metal body has a novel composition, and it tends to become a new metal body .

[0111] According to the invention as set forth in claim 40, by performing ion doping on the low deformation resistance region in addition to the metal body as set forth in claim 30, the metal structure of the metal body can be miniaturized and reduced. Particles ionized can be mixed into the deformation resistance region, and the metal body can be enhanced. In particular, a metal body having a composition that is difficult to form with a conventional structure can be easily formed.

[0112] According to the invention according to claim 41, in the metal body according to claim 30, after the first heating is performed on the metal body for a predetermined time, the second heating is performed to form the low deformation resistance region.よって Thus, in the formation of low deformation resistance region by heating! In addition, the heating state of the low deformation resistance region can be uniformed, and the metal body can be uniformly refined.

[0113] According to the invention as set forth in claim 42, in the metal body as set forth in claim 30, the low deformation resistance region is formed in the non-constrained region of the constraining means for constraining the high-temperature metal body. It becomes very heated during the manufacturing process of the metal body! / The metal structure of the metal body can be refined, and a metal body with a finer metal structure can be manufactured without increasing the number of manufacturing processes Therefore, a metal body having a fine metal structure can be provided at low cost.

[0114] According to the invention of claim 43, in the metal body of claim 30, the low deformation resistance region is formed in the metal body immersed in the liquid, so that the formation condition of the low deformation resistance region is notched. Can be suppressed, and a metal body having a uniformly refined metal structure can be formed.

[0115] According to the invention according to claim 44, in the metal body according to claim 43, the metal body is heated in a liquid to form the low deformation resistance region, so that the low deformation resistance formed by heating is formed. The cooling of the region can be performed promptly, and in particular, the quenching can be continuously performed on the portion where the shear deformation has been completed, so that the metal body can have high functionality.

[0116] According to the invention as set forth in claim 45, the thermal conductivity around the low deformation resistance region is reduced when the low deformation resistance region is formed in the metal body according to claim 44. Thereby, the metal body in the liquid can be efficiently heated.

[0117] According to the invention set forth in claim 46, by forming bubbles around the low deformation resistance region when the low deformation resistance region is formed in the metal body according to claim 44, The metal body in the liquid can be efficiently heated.

[0118] According to the invention as set forth in claim 47, in the metal body according to claim 30, the metal body having a finer metal structure is plastically worked without coarsening the metal structure. In particular, a metal body having a required shape can be provided, particularly in the case of a metal body having a high ductility due to a reduction in size.

[0119] According to the invention of claim 48, in the metal body of claim 47, the metal structure is finely divided.

The obtained metal body was subjected to plastic working without coarsening the metal structure, whereby the metal structure was refined, so that the metal body having high strength or high ductility was formed into a desired shape. Metal body can be provided.

[0120] According to the invention set forth in claim 49, the metal structure according to claim 47 is not subjected to coarsening of the metal structure, and plastic working was performed in a short heating state. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the metal structure from being enlarged during the plastic working and to prevent the metal body from increasing in strength or from having high ductility, and to provide a metal body having a required shape in which the strength or the ductility is increased. [0121] According to the invention set forth in claim 50, in the metal body according to claim 30, the metal body is preliminarily subjected to a carburizing treatment, whereby a decarburizing treatment is performed along with the shear deformation in the low deformation resistance region. The metal structure can be refined while processing, and the metal body can be further enhanced.

[0122] According to the invention set forth in claim 51, since the metal structure is refined while extending the low deformation resistance region in the metal body according to claim 30, the low deformation resistance region can be sheared. Since the strain due to elongation can be applied instead of only the strain caused by the strain, a metal body having a finer metal structure can be formed.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 52, the metal structure according to claim 30 is further reduced in size by shrinking the metal structure while compressing the low deformation resistance region, so that the low deformation resistance region is sheared. Since the strain due to elongation can be applied instead of only the strain caused by the strain, a metal body having a finer metal structure can be formed.

[0124] According to the invention according to claim 53, in the metal body according to claim 30, the hollow body is formed in a reduced pressure state as a cylindrical body having a hollow portion, so that the hollow body is formed in the low deformation resistance region. Shear deformation can be performed while shrinking and deforming the metal body toward the portion, and a metal body with a finer metal structure can be formed.

[0125] According to the invention set forth in claim 54, in the metal body set forth in claim 30, the hollow body has a high pressure state as the cylindrical body having the hollow part, so that the metal is provided in the low deformation resistance region. Shear deformation can be performed while expanding and deforming the body, and a metal body with a finer metal structure can be formed.

According to the invention set forth in claim 55, the metal body according to claim 30 is brought into contact with the forming guide body in the low deformation resistance region, so that the metal body in the low deformation resistance region is subjected to shear deformation. The metal body can be deformed to the required shape by the forming guide body while the metal structure is refined by the method, so that the metal body having the required shape can be used in the metal body having high strength or high ductility. Can be provided.

[0127] According to the invention of claim 56, in addition to the metal body of claim 55, the forming guide body is a heating means for heating the metal body, so that the metal in contact with the forming guide body. The contact part of the body can be locally heated, and the low deformation resistance region can be more easily formed, A metal body having high strength or high ductility can be formed at low cost by making the metal structure finer.

[0128] According to the invention of claim 57, in addition to the metal body of claim 55, the forming guide body is a cooling means for cooling the metal body, so that the metal in contact with the forming guide body. The contact part of the body can be locally cooled, the low deformation resistance region after shear deformation can be efficiently cooled to improve manufacturing efficiency, and the metal structure is refined to increase strength or ductility. The scuttled metal body can be formed at low cost.

[0129] According to the invention described in claim 58, in the metal body according to claim 30, the low deformation resistance region is formed by traversing the metal body extending in one direction, and the low deformation resistance region is formed of the metal body. By moving the metal body in the extension direction, the metal structure of the metal body extended in one direction can be continuously refined, and a metal body having a refined metal structure of the entire metal body can be provided. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0130] In the metal working method and the metal body of the present invention, the strength or the ductility of the metal body is increased. In particular, the metal structure is refined to increase the strength of the metal body. Alternatively, it is intended to achieve high ductility.

[0131] In particular, in order to refine the metal structure, the present invention forms a low deformation resistance region in which the deformation resistance is locally reduced in a metal body, and shears the low deformation resistance region. The metal structure is refined by increasing the strain.

[0132] Since the low deformation resistance region is locally formed, the shearing force due to the shear deformation applied to refine the metal structure is concentrated on the low deformation resistance region and the efficiency is reduced. A strong strain can be generated well to refine the metal structure.

In particular, in order to form a local low deformation resistance region, a non-low deformation resistance region having an increased deformation resistance is formed along the low deformation resistance region. By providing the non-low deformation resistance region generating means for forming the non-low deformation resistance region along the low deformation resistance region, the shear deformation applied to the low deformation resistance region is diffused outside the low deformation resistance region. Can be suppressed, and a shear stress can be efficiently generated in the low deformation resistance region.

[0134] Specifically, the non-low deformation resistance region generation means can easily adjust the deformation resistance of the metal body by using a cooling means for cooling the metal body. [0135] For example, in a hot rolling step, a metal body in a heated state is cooled by being sent to a cooling device, and a non-low deformation resistance region in which deformation resistance is increased with cooling is formed. By vibrating the non-low deformation resistance area, which is the area after the cooling device is sent, the area before the cooling device is sent is subjected to shear deformation to easily refine the metallographic structure, thereby increasing strength or ductility. It is possible to produce a metal body which has been deflected.

[0136] The low deformation resistance region described above is a region in which the deformation resistance is reduced by heating the metal body, and is accompanied by the action of an external force as compared with regions other than the low deformation resistance region. This is the area where deformation tends to occur.

On the other hand, the non-low deformation resistance region is a region where the deformation resistance is larger than the low deformation resistance region! / ヽ, and the region other than the low deformation resistance region is basically a non-low deformation resistance region. is there.

[0138] The low deformation resistance region is not only formed by heating. For example, a non-low deformation resistance region is formed by attaching a restraint body that restrains a metal body around a metal body heated to a required temperature, A non-constrained area can be made a low deformation resistance area by attaching a constraining body.

[0139] Specifically, there is a case where a constraining member is brought into contact with a periphery of a metal body in a hot state in a hot rolling step of a fabricated metal body or the like.

[0140] Alternatively, when the metal body in the liquid state is formed into a predetermined shape by the constraining body while solidifying, the non-constrained area is partially formed, and the non-constrained area is defined as a low deformation resistance area. Shearing can also be applied.

[0141] As described above, the non-low deformation resistance region is formed by restricting the metal body, which has been heated to a predetermined temperature or more and is in the low deformation resistance state as a whole, by abutting the constraining body. In addition, the non-constrained area is made to have a low deformation resistance area by being brought into contact with the constrained body. The structure can be refined, and a metal body having a refined metal structure can be produced without increasing the number of production steps.

[0142] Further, in the following, the metal body may be composed of an alloy composed of two or more kinds of metal elements, which is not limited to the case where the metal body is composed of a single metal composed of one kind of metal element. And an intermetallic compound consisting of In addition, unless otherwise noted The metal body also includes an intermetallic compound such as a ceramic body containing a metal.

The metal body does not need to have a uniform composition. As shown in FIG. 1 as a schematic cross-sectional view of the metal body, the first metal layer 11 has the second metal layer 12 and the third metal layer 12 has the same structure. The laminate 10 in which the metal layers 13 are laminated may be used. At this time, the first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12, and the third metal layer 13 may each be a required metal, alloy, or intermetallic compound. The first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12, and the third metal layer 13 may be simply polymerized to form a laminate 10, or may be laminated by plating, vapor deposition, pressure bonding, or the like. . Here, the laminate 10 may be formed by polymerizing an appropriate number of laminates, not limited to three layers.

[0144] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2 as a schematic cross-sectional view of the metal body, a mixture obtained by mixing the first metal powder 14 and the second metal powder 15 was preliminarily baked into a predetermined shape. The calcined body 16 may be used. At this time, the calcined body 16 is formed by mixing two types of powders, the first metal powder 14 and the second metal powder 15, to form a calcined body 16. The calcined body 16 may be formed by mixing not only the metal powder but also the nonmetal powder.

[0145] Alternatively, the metal body is a filler 19 formed by filling a metal powder 18 into pores of a porous body 17 having a predetermined shape, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view of the metal body in FIG. You can. The porous body 17 may be filled not only with the metal powder 18 but also with a non-metallic powder.

[0146] Alternatively, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view of the metal body in FIG. 4, the metal body is a metal wire bundle 23 formed by bundling a plurality of first metal wires 21 and a plurality of second metal wires 22. It may be. At this time, the metal wire bundle 23 may be formed by bundling not only a metal wire bundle 23 with two types of metal wires, that is, a first metal wire 21 and a second metal wire 22, but also a variety of other metal wires.

[0147] As described above, the metal body can have various forms, and as long as the metal structure is refined by shearing deformation as described later, the metal body may have any form. Yo,

[0148] In Fig. 13, the metal body has a rectangular cross-section, and in Fig. 4, the cross-section of the metal body is circular. However, the metal body has a rectangular cross-section or a circular cross-section. It is not limited to the round bar body, but may be a flat body or a cylindrical body having a hollow portion.Other than these, for example, H-shaped steel, angle steel, grooved steel, T-shaped steel Steel body, ripple groove steel body, etc. You may use it.

[0149] Further, the metal body may be preliminarily subjected to a necessary treatment such as a carburizing treatment and a nitriding treatment. In particular, when the metal body has been carburized, the decarburization processing can be performed along with the shear deformation of the low deformation resistance region formed on the metal body as described later, and the decarburization processing is performed. However, since the metal structure can be refined, a highly functional metal body can be formed.

[0150] Note that even in the case of ordinary carbon steel or high carbon steel that can be formed only by a carburized metal body, decarburization processing can be performed in accordance with shear deformation in a low deformation resistance region formed in the metal body. More expensive

A functionalized metal body can be formed.

[0151] The metal body is formed to extend in one direction, and the low deformation resistance region 30 is formed so as to cross the metal body as shown in FIG. The formed first non-low deformation resistance region 31 and second non-low deformation resistance region 32 are formed.

[0152] The low deformation resistance region 30 is formed by traversing the metal body extended in one direction as described above, thereby moving the low deformation resistance region 30 along the extension direction of the metal body to reduce the deformation. By subjecting the resistance region 30 to shear deformation, the metal structure can be continuously refined.

[0153] Since the shear force generated in the low deformation resistance region 30 can be adjusted as needed, the mode of the strong strain applied to the low deformation resistance region 30 can be made different by adjusting the deformation mode of the shear deformation occurring in the low deformation resistance region 30. On the other hand, regions having different degrees of fineness of the metal structure can be formed in the metal body, so that the metal body can be multifunctional.

[0154] As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the shear deformation of the low deformation resistance region 30 causes the second non-low deformation resistance region 32 to vibrate in the thickness direction of the metal body with respect to the first non-low deformation resistance region 31. This is performed by changing the position of the second non-low deformation resistance region 32 relatively to the first non-low deformation resistance region 31 by adding a vibrating motion to cause the vibration.

[0155] Alternatively, the vibration motion may be such that the vibration direction is not the thickness direction of the metal body. As shown in FIG. 5 (b), the vibration direction may be the width direction of the metal body orthogonal to the thickness direction of the metal body. 5 As shown in Fig. 5 (c), a composite vibration that combines both the vibration in the thickness direction and the vibration in the width direction of the metal body It may be moving. In the case of the composite vibration, a large shear stress can be applied to the low deformation resistance region.

[0156] When the metal body is a wide flat plate, the low deformation resistance area is not necessarily formed so as to cross the metal body, and the low deformation resistance area is formed only in a required area of the metal body. However, it is also possible to form a region having high strength or high ductility by subjecting the low deformation resistance region to shear deformation to refine the metal structure in only a part of the metal body.

When the metal body is a round bar or a cylindrical body having a hollow portion, as shown in FIG. 6, the second non-low deformation resistance region 32 ′ is replaced with the first non-low deformation resistance region 31 ′. On the other hand, the second non-low deformation resistance region 32 ′ is relatively twisted around the rotation axis that is substantially parallel to the extension direction of the metal body, thereby making the second non-low deformation resistance region 32 ′ relative to the first non-low deformation resistance region 31 ′. By changing the position, the low deformation resistance region 30 'can be sheared.

[0158] At this time, the second non-low deformation resistance region 32 'may always be rotated at a constant angular velocity with respect to the first non-low deformation resistance region 31', and the normal rotation and the reverse rotation may be performed. Rotate so that it can be repeated alternately.

[0159] Further, the shearing deformation in the low deformation resistance region due to the twisting around the rotation axis is not limited to the case where the metal body is a round rod or a cylinder having a hollow part. As described above, a low-deformation resistance region 30 横断 is formed in a transverse state in a metal body made of a flat plate, and the first non-low-deformation resistance region 3Γ and the second non-low-deformation resistance region 32 sandwiching the low-deformation resistance region 30 ″ are formed. In this case, the second non-low deformation resistance region 32 ′ is substantially opposite to the first non-low deformation resistance region 31 ′ through the center of the metal body and substantially parallel to the extension direction. Rotation may be performed so that rotation and rotation are alternately repeated.

[0160] The relative vibrational or torsional momentum of the second non-low deformation resistance region 32, 32 ', 32 "with respect to the first non-low deformation resistance region 31, 31', 31" is low deformation resistance. Area 30,30 ', 30Ί shear deformation

It is sufficient if the momentum is such that the metal structure can be refined.

[0161] When the low deformation resistance region 30, 30 ', 30' is subjected to shear deformation, the low deformation resistance region

30,30 ', 30 "to compress the metal body along the extension direction of the metal body. Thus, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of large shape deformation in the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30 ', 30 "and the occurrence of breakage in the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30', 30".

[0162] In particular, by applying a compressive stress to the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30 ', 30 "along the extension direction of the metal body, the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30,', 30" are subjected to shearing. Since distortion due to compression that can be reduced by distortion alone can be reduced, the metal structure can be further refined.

[0163] Conversely, when the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30 ', and 30 "are subjected to shear deformation, the low deformation resistance regions

By extending the tensile force on the 30,30 ', 30 "along the direction of extension of the metal body, the low deformation resistance region 30,30', 30" Since distortion can be added, the metal structure can be further refined.

[0164] By shearing the low-deformation resistance region in this manner, it is not only possible to miniaturize the metal thread in the low-deformation resistance region, but in the metal bodies shown in Figs. It is also possible to form a new alloy or ceramic by bonding the structures, and it is possible to mechanically generate an alloy having a strong composition that cannot be formed by the conventional melting method.

In the case where the low deformation resistance region is subjected to shear deformation as described above, as shown in FIG. 8, a first low deformation resistance region 30a traversing the metal body is provided on a metal body extending in one direction. (2) The low deformation resistance region 30b is formed to be separated from the low deformation resistance region 30b by a predetermined distance, and a region sandwiched between the first low deformation resistance region 30a and the second low deformation resistance region 30b is defined as an intermediate non-low deformation resistance region 33. By vibrating the non-low deformation resistance region 33, the first low deformation resistance region 30a and the second low deformation resistance region 30b can be easily sheared.

Here, in FIG. 8, the metal body is a flat body, and in FIG. 8 (a), the intermediate non-low deformation resistance region 33 is vibrated in the thickness direction of the metal body. In FIG. 8B, the middle non-low deformation resistance region 33 is vibrated in the width direction of the metal body orthogonal to the thickness direction of the metal body, and in FIG. In addition, the vibration is performed by a composite vibration in which both the vibration in the thickness direction and the vibration in the width direction of the metal body are combined.

Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the region sandwiched between the first low deformation resistance region 30a and the second low deformation resistance region 30b is the first low deformation resistance region of the intermediate non-low deformation resistance region 33. In the vicinity of 30a, a first upper feed port for holding the metal body and feeding the metal body along the direction in which the metal body extends. A first feeding device 36 including a roller 36a and a first lower feeding roller 36b is provided, and a metal body is sandwiched between the intermediate non-low deformation resistance region 33 and the second low deformation resistance region 30b. A second feeder 37 is provided, which includes a second upper feed roller 37a and a second lower feed roller 37b for feeding the metal body along the direction in which the metal body extends, and a first feeder 36 and a second feeder 36 are provided. The first low deformation resistance region 30a and the second low deformation resistance region 30b may be sheared by moving the feeding device 37 up and down in opposite phases.

[0168] In this case, the shear deformation generated in the first low deformation resistance region 30a and the second low deformation resistance region 30b is microscopically the same as the above-described shear deformation due to the vibration mode in FIG. 8 (a). .

[0169] When the metal body is a round rod or a cylinder having a hollow portion, as shown in FIG. 10, the first low deformation resistance region 30a and the second low deformation resistance region 30a provided at a predetermined interval are provided. By rotating the intermediate non-low deformation resistance region 33 ′ between the resistance region 30b ′ and the rotation axis substantially parallel to the extension direction of the metal body, the first low deformation resistance region 30a and the second low deformation resistance region are rotated. 30b can be easily sheared

it can. In FIG. 10, reference numeral 34 denotes a rotating roller for rotating the intermediate non-low deformation resistance region 33 '.

Further, in FIG. 8-10, the positions of the first low deformation resistance region 30a ′ and the second low deformation resistance region 30b ′ in the metal body are moved by moving the metal body along the extension direction. be able to.

[0171] Therefore, during the manufacturing process of a metal body that is usually manufactured continuously, the first low deformation resistance regions 30a and 30a 'and the second low deformation resistance regions 30b and 30b' are formed in the metal body. By vibrating, rotating or rotating the non-low deformation resistance regions 33 and 33 ', the metal body can be easily sheared and deformed. Metal body can be manufactured at low cost.

[0172] In the vibration, rotation, or rotation of the intermediate non-low deformation resistance regions 33, 33 'described above, other motion modes include a telescopic motion mode in which the metal body expands and contracts along the extension direction. In the middle non-low deformation resistance region 33 in Fig. 8, a rotation motion mode with the rotation direction normal to the flat surface of the flat metal body is considered, and the motion with a total of six degrees of freedom is considered. You can think. While having the first low deformation resistance regions 30a, 30a ′ and the second low deformation resistance regions 30b, 30b ′ as shown in FIGS. In the motion mode, it is difficult to apply sufficient shear stress to the first low deformation resistance regions 30a, 30a 'and the second low deformation resistance regions 30b, 30b'. It is difficult to add them to the resistance regions 30a, 30a 'and the second low deformation resistance regions 30b, 30b', and it is desirable to use substantially four degrees of freedom to generate shear deformation.

[0174] However, as shown in Fig. 5-7, when the low deformation resistance region 30, 30 'is formed only in one place in the metal body, as described above depending on the expansion and contraction motion mode and the rotation motion mode. Compressive stress or tensile stress can be applied in the direction of extension of the metal body.

[0175] The first low deformation resistance regions 30a, 30a 'and the second low deformation resistance regions 30b, 30b' are usually formed by heating a metal body, respectively. By making the heating temperatures of the 30a, 30a 'and the second low deformation resistance regions 30b, 30b' different from each other, the first low deformation resistance regions 30a, 30a 'and the second low deformation resistance regions 30b, 30b' act. The different shear stresses can be applied to the metal structure, and different shear stresses can be applied to the metal structure in two stages, so that the metal structure can be further refined.

[0176] In the case where the metal material is further sheared once and subjected to shearing deformation, the heating temperature of the metal body may be lowered by improving the ductility of the metal body. As a result, the metal structure can be further refined.

[0177] Specifically, by moving the metal body along the extension direction, a first low deformation resistance region forming region for forming the first low deformation resistance regions 30a and 30a ', and a second low deformation resistance region forming region. When traversing the second low deformation resistance region forming region for forming the deformation resistance regions 30b and 30b ', if the metal body is a hardly deformable alloy such as a magnesium alloy or a hardly deformable intermetallic compound, As shown in FIG. 11, the first low deformation resistance region forming region has a high temperature, and the second low deformation resistance region forming region has a lower temperature than the first low deformation resistance region forming region.

[0178] At this time, the heating temperature of the first low deformation resistance region forming region is a temperature at which the metal body of the first low deformation resistance region 30a, 30a is sufficiently softened, and shear deformation becomes possible. It only needs to be temperature. At such a heating temperature, a shear stress is applied to the first low deformation resistance regions 30a and 30a '. Thus, the first low deformation resistance regions 30a and 30a 'are easily sheared to make the metal structure uniform and, at the same time, are formed as medium-sized fine particles, for example, having a particle size of about 10 to 50 m, so that the deformation resistance of the metal body is reduced. A / J, can be reduced.

[0179] The heating temperature of the second low deformation resistance region forming region is set to a temperature at which recrystallization of the metal structure occurs, and the metal structure of the second low deformation resistance region 30b, 30b 'becomes large. While suppressing this, the metal structure is refined by shear deformation.

[0180] As described above, in the first low deformation resistance region forming region, the crystal is formed so that the metal body can be sheared and deformed in a low temperature region where recrystallization occurs in the second low deformation resistance region forming region. By heating the metal body to such an extent that the grain size can be adjusted, the metal structure can be easily refined even with a hardly deformable alloy or a hardly deformable intermetallic compound, and high ductility can be achieved.

[0181] Further, when the metal body is a heat-treated alloy, rapid heating and rapid cooling in the first low deformation resistance region forming region are used to make use of the metal body in the first low deformation resistance region forming region. The heating temperature is set to a temperature that is a condition for the solution treatment of the metal body, and a shear stress is applied to the first low deformation resistance areas 30a, 30a ′ in that state, so that the first low deformation resistance areas 30a, 30a ′ are applied. Therefore, it is possible to form a solid solution of more additive elements than the composition in the phase diagram.

[0182] The heating temperature of the second low deformation resistance region forming region is set to a temperature at which the recrystallization of the metal structure occurs, and the metal structure of the second low deformation resistance region 30b, 30b 'is enlarged. While suppressing this, the metal structure is refined by shear deformation.

[0183] As described above, by performing the solution treatment of the metal body in the first low deformation resistance region formation region, a metal body having a uniform and fine metal structure can be formed.

As described above, in the metal working method and the metal body of the present invention, low deformation resistance regions such as the first low deformation resistance regions 30a and 30a ′ and the second low deformation resistance regions 30b and 30b ′ are subjected to shear deformation. The effect of refining the metal structure of the metal body is to reduce the size of the metal structure by shearing the crystal grains in the metal body that are easily deformed by heating or the like. It is considered that it is.

[0185] Particularly, at both ends of the low deformation resistance region, deformation resistance is increased because crystal grains of the metal body are unlikely to be deformed by cooling or the like, as described later, and the shear stress accompanying the shear deformation is High deformation resistance! ヽ Boundary part between high deformation resistance area and low deformation resistance area It is considered that the fine action of the metal structure is particularly promoted at the boundary between the high deformation resistance region and the low deformation resistance region.

[0186] Therefore, when the metal body is moved along the extension direction and passes through the first low deformation resistance region forming region and the second low deformation resistance region forming region, the metal body becomes high in each case. It is more important to control the temperature when changing from a low-resistance region to a high-resistance region than when changing from a low-resistance region to a low-resistance region.

That is, when the metal body changes from the high deformation resistance region to the low deformation resistance region, the degree of freedom in temperature control is high. As shown in FIG. 12, the metal body is heated to form the low deformation resistance region. In such a case, a preheating area may be provided in advance to preheat the metal body, and then the metal body may be heated to a predetermined temperature by the main heating.

In particular, as shown in FIG. 12, by providing a preheating region before the first low deformation resistance region forming region to preheat the metal body, Low deformation resistance area 30

a, 30a 'can be heated relatively uniformly in a short time. Therefore, the metal structure of the first low deformation resistance regions 30a, 30a 'can be uniformly refined by shearing the first low deformation resistance regions 30a, 30a' which have been substantially uniformly heated.

[0189] Further, when the heating condition in the first low deformation resistance region forming region is the solution heat temperature, the preheating temperature in the preliminary heating region is set as the solution heat temperature, so that it is necessary for the solution heat treatment. Since heating can be performed for a sufficient processing time, the solution-formed metal body can be surely sheared in the second low deformation resistance region forming region.

[0190] In particular, when the metal body has a plurality of solutionizing temperatures or a plurality of transformation temperatures, the main heating is performed after maintaining each of the predetermined temperatures for a predetermined time to reduce the low deformation resistance region by shear deformation. You may let it.

[0191] Note that the metal body is provided with a plurality of intermediate non-low deformation resistance regions 33, 33 'along the direction of extension of the metal body in which the shear deformation is simply applied in two stages, so that the metal body can be further divided into multiple stages. May be added. In particular, when the metal body is a metal-containing ceramic body or the like, the shear deformation under different conditions can be achieved each time the shear deformation is applied, so that the homogeneity can be further improved. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

[0193] Fig. 13 shows an apparatus for shearing deformation by twisting a low deformation resistance region formed in a metal body. The inventors of the present invention refer to the method of twisting the low-deformation resistance region to cause the metal structure to be refined by shearing and deforming the metal structure as an STSP (Severe Torsion Straining Process) method. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of an example. Here, for convenience of explanation, the metal body M2 is a round rod extending in one direction, but may be a cylindrical body having a hollow portion.

[0194] The STSP device includes a fixed part 61, a shear deformation part 62, and a rotating part 63 provided on the upper surface of the base 60 along the direction of extension of the metal body M2.

[0195] The fixed portion 61 is composed of a first fixed wall 61a erected on the upper surface of the base 60 and a second fixed wall 61b. The first fixed wall 61a and the second fixed wall 61b are each formed of a plate having a predetermined thickness, and the first fixed wall 61a and the second fixed wall 61b are substantially parallel to each other.

[0196] The first fixed wall 61a and the second fixed wall 61b are each provided with an insertion hole through which the metal body M2 is inserted, and the metal body M2 is inserted into the through hole, respectively. (2) A metal body in which the tips of fixing screws 61c and 61d screwed to the upper end of the fixing wall 61b pass through the through holes.

The metal body M2 is fixed by being in contact with the peripheral surface of M2.

[0197] The fixing portion 61 is not limited to the one formed by the first fixed wall 61a and the second fixed wall 61b, and may have any structure as long as the metal body M2 can be fixed. . Here, to fix the metal body M2 is to fix the metal body M2 in a round bar shape against rotation of the metal body M2 about the center axis of the metal body M2 as a rotation axis.

[0198] The rotating portion 63 includes a first regulating wall 63a, a second regulating wall 63b, and a forward / backward regulating member interposed between the first regulating wall 63a and the second regulating wall 63b. It comprises a body 63c and a rotating device (not shown).

The first control wall 63a and the second control wall 63b are each formed of a plate having a predetermined thickness, and the first control wall 63a and the second control wall 63b are substantially parallel to each other. And the first regulatory wall 63

A through hole for inserting the metal body M2 is provided in each of the a and the second regulating wall 63b, and the metal body M2 is passed through each of the through holes. [0200] The forward / backward restricting body 63c is formed of a cylindrical body having substantially the same length as the distance between the first restricting wall 63a and the second restricting wall 63b, and capable of being mounted around the metal body M2. ing. The forward / backward restricting body 63c is mounted around the metal body M2 between the first restricting wall 63a and the second restricting wall 63b, and further includes fixing screws 63d, 63d screwed to the peripheral surface of the forward / backward restricting body 63c. The distal end portion is brought into contact with the peripheral surface of the metal body M2 penetrating the advance / retreat regulating body 63c, and the advance / retreat regulating body 63c is fixed to the metal body M2.

[0201] Therefore, when the non-low deformation resistance region of the metal body M2 is rotated as described later, the advance / retreat restricting body 63c is restricted by the first restricting wall 63a and the second restricting wall 63b. The displacement of the body M2 in the distraction direction can be prevented.

[0202] Various devices can be used as a rotating device for rotating the non-low deformation resistance region of the metal body M2, and the rotating body 63 can be rotated while applying a predetermined torque to the metal body M2. Any device is possible if possible. In the present embodiment, a rotation motor (not shown) is interlockedly connected to the end of the metal body M2 on the rotation section 63 side, and this rotation motor is used as a rotation device.

[0203] The shear deformation portion 62 has a heating device 64 for heating the metal body M2 to a predetermined temperature and a low deformation resistance region 30 'formed on the metal body M2 by heating by the heating device 64 to have a predetermined width. For this purpose, a cooling device 65 for cooling the metal body M2 is used.

[0204] In the present embodiment, a high-frequency heating coil is used as the heating device 64, and the high-frequency heating coil is wound around the metal body M2 a predetermined number of times, and the metal body Ml is deformed by heating to a predetermined temperature. The resistance is reduced to form a low deformation resistance region 30 '. The heating device 64 is not limited to the high-frequency heating coil, but may be heating using an electron beam, plasma, laser, electromagnetic induction, heating using a gas burner, or heating using an electric short circuit.

[0205] In particular, when an electron beam is used as the heating device 64, the width of the low deformation resistance region 30 'in the extension direction of the metal body M2 can be extremely reduced, and the low deformation resistance region 30' Since a larger shear stress can be applied, it is possible to further refine the metal structure.

[0206] The cooling device 65 includes a first water outlet 65b for discharging water supplied from the water supply pipe 65a and a second water outlet 65b. The metal body M2 is configured by the water outlet 65c, and the metal body M2 is cooled by the water discharged from the first water outlet 65b and the second water outlet 65c. In FIG. 10, reference numeral 66 denotes a water receiving container that receives water discharged from the first water outlet 65b and the second water outlet 65c, and 67 denotes a drain pipe connected to the water receiving container 66.

[0207] In the present embodiment, the first water outlet 65b and the second water outlet 65c are forces for injecting water downward from above the metal body Ml. For example, as shown in FIG. A plurality of water outlets 68 may be provided at substantially equal intervals around the metal body Ml, and water may be sprayed from the plurality of water outlets 68 toward the metal body Ml.

In this case, each water outlet 68 can further improve the cooling efficiency by injecting water at a required angle of incidence 入射 with respect to the normal direction of the surface of metal body Ml. Therefore, the temperature gradient of the metal body Ml at both ends of the low deformation resistance region 30 'can be increased, and a large shear stress can be applied. Can be expected.

In particular, air bubbles generated on the surface to be cooled due to cooling can be efficiently scattered.

The cooling efficiency can be improved by suppressing a decrease in the cooling efficiency due to the generation of bubbles.

[0210] In the cooling device 65, both sides of the low deformation resistance region 30 'formed by the heating device 64 provided between the first water outlet 65b and the second water outlet 65c are connected to the first water outlet 65b and the first water outlet 65b. Cooling is performed by the water discharged from the second water discharge port 65c.In particular, by adjusting the arrangement positions of the first water discharge port 65b and the second water discharge port 65c, the low deformation resistance region 30 ' The area is extremely small compared to the length in the extension direction.

[0211] As described above, by making the low deformation resistance region 30 'a minute width along the direction of extension of the metal body M2, an extremely large shear deformation is generated in the low deformation resistance region 30'. The refinement efficiency of the metal structure can be improved. Also, when the low deformation resistance region 30 'is twisted by the rotating device, the twisting force can be prevented from being generated in the low deformation resistance region 30'. Further, the residual strain due to the shearing deformation or the residual deformation generated in the low deformation resistance region 30 ′ due to the twisting can be reduced.

[0212] Further, the low deformation resistance region 30 'heated by the heating device 64 is quenched by being rapidly cooled by the cooling device 65, and the hardening of the metal body M2 having a fine metal structure is performed. The degree can be improved.

[0213] Also, by rapidly cooling the low deformation resistance region 30 ', it is possible to prevent the heating state from being maintained, and to suppress enlargement of the fine metal structure.

[0214] The width of the low deformation resistance region 30 'is desirably within about three times the cross-sectional width of a cross section taken along a plane perpendicular to the direction of extension of the metal body M2. By setting the low deformation resistance region 30 ′ under such conditions, a large shear deformation can be generated while suppressing the deformation of the low deformation resistance region 30 ′ due to twisting to a minimum. The refinement efficiency of the metal structure of M2 can be improved.

The cooling device 65 is not limited to a water cooling device as a water cooling device. The cooling device 65 is air-cooled if it can be cooled so that the heating region by the heating device 64 can be a local region. An appropriate cooling device may be used regardless of whether cooling is performed or excitation cooling is performed.

[0216] In particular, when the water receiving container 66 is an appropriate vacuum chamber and the internal space of the vacuum chamber is a vacuum state of about 500 hPa or less and the low deformation resistance region 30 'is formed in vacuum, the low The formation of a reaction film with a gas component on the surface of the deformation resistance region 30 'can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the processing in the post-process.

[0217] Moreover, when heating metal body M2 in such a vacuum, electron beam heating can be used as heating device 64. In addition, cooling of metal body M2 in response to this electron beam heating requires metal heating. Since the self-cooling action of the body M2 can be used, the low-deformation resistance region 30 'can have an extremely small width, and an extremely large shear deformation can be generated in the low-deformation resistance region 30'. it can.

[0218] Further, by utilizing the fact that the low deformation resistance region 30 'is formed in a vacuum, particles having a required elemental force may be ion-doped in the low deformation resistance region 30'.

[0219] As described above, by performing ion doping on the low deformation resistance region 30 ', the low deformation resistance region 30' has a finer metallographic structure, and is further implanted with ion-implanted particles. A highly functional metal body can be formed. In particular, by injecting the particles while miniaturizing the metal structure, the particles can be injected deeper than in the normal ion doping, and the injected particles can be sufficiently mixed with the metal body M2. In addition, the gold Genus M2

In addition, it is possible to eliminate the damage of the metal structure generated at the time.

[0220] Instead of ion doping the required particles, the required plastic powder may be sprayed on the low deformation resistance region 30 '.

[0221] By spraying the powder on the low deformation resistance region 30 ', the metal structure of the metal body M2 can be miniaturized, and the powder can be mechanically mixed into the low deformation resistance region 30'. A functionalized metal body can be formed. In particular, a metal body having a composition that is difficult to form with the conventional structure can be easily formed, and when a powder having a composition other than metal is sprayed on the low deformation resistance region 30 ′, a new material can be manufactured. it can.

[0222] When a powder having a required composition is sprayed on the low deformation resistance region 30 ', the region may be in a normal pressure state, not necessarily in the vacuum.

[0223] As described above, a low-deformation resistance region 30 'is not formed in a vacuum under reduced pressure. region

30 'may be formed.

[0224] When the low deformation resistance region 30 'is formed in a high-pressure state in this way, it is possible to improve the metal structure refinement efficiency by applying a pressure to the low deformation resistance region 30' by high pressure. Can be expected.

[0225] In particular, an inert gas may be supplied and pressurized only when an inert gas is supplied and pressurized in the pressurized chamber.

[0226] By forming the low deformation resistance region 30 'in the active gas atmosphere, the metallographic structure of the metal body M2 is miniaturized, and a reaction region with the active gas is formed on the surface of the low deformation resistance region 30'. In some cases, it is not only possible to perform the required surface coating by performing surface modification, but it is also possible to generate strong strain due to the reaction with the active gas, thereby forming a more sophisticated metal body. it can.

In particular, when nitrogen gas is used as the active gas, the metal structure of the metal body M2 can be refined and the low deformation resistance region 30 ′ can be nitrided. It is possible to provide a high-performance, high-strength, highly functional metal body M2 that has been nitrided at a low cost. [0228] When a carbon-containing gas such as methane gas and Z or carbon monoxide gas is used as the active gas, the metal structure of the metal body M2 is refined and the low deformation resistance region 30 'is carburized. Therefore, it is possible to provide a high-performance metal body M2 which has high strength and high ductility and is carburized as the metal structure is refined at a low cost.

[0229] When the active gas is supplied into the pressurized chamber, the pressurized chamber does not necessarily need to be in a high pressure state, and the pressurized chamber may be merely an active gas atmosphere.

[0230] Further, instead of contacting an inert gas or an active gas with the low deformation resistance region 30 ', an inert liquid or an active liquid may be brought into contact.

[0231] That is, the above-mentioned STSP device may be immersed in an inert liquid or an active liquid as it is to form the low deformation resistance region 30 '.

[0232] By forming the low deformation resistance region 30 'in an inert liquid or an active liquid as described above, the low deformation resistance region 30' can be formed.

The formation conditions of the deformation resistance region 30 'can be stabilized, and the metal structure can be uniformly refined.

[0233] In particular, the low deformation resistance region 30 'can be formed by heating the metal body M2 in an inert liquid or an active liquid, so that the inert liquid or the active liquid can be used as a coolant. Cooling efficiency can be improved.

[0234] As for the pressing force, quenching by cooling with an inert liquid or an active liquid can be continuously performed on the part where the shear deformation has been completed, so that a more sophisticated metal body can be formed.

[0235] When the metal body M2 is heated in the inert liquid or the active liquid to form the low deformation resistance region 30 ', the heating efficiency of the low deformation resistance region 30' may be reduced. .

[0236] Therefore, when forming the low deformation resistance region 30 ', the thermal conductivity is reduced around the region where the low deformation resistance region 30' is formed in the metal body M2, and the low deformation resistance region 30 'is added. The heat is suppressed from diffusing through the inert liquid or the active liquid. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently heat the metal body M2 in the liquid.

[0237] Specifically, an air nozzle (not shown) is positioned near the low deformation resistance region 30 'to be heated, and gas is supplied from the air nozzle in the form of a bubble to surround the low deformation resistance region 30'. Reduces thermal conductivity by creating a bubble region in the air and forming a heat insulating layer of bubbles Can be done. Therefore, the thermal conductivity can be extremely easily reduced, and the metal body M2 can be efficiently heated in the liquid.

[0238] In particular, the gas sent from the air nozzle in the form of bubbles is nitrogen gas,

When a carbon-containing gas such as Z or monocarbon gas is used, nitriding or carburizing of the low deformation resistance region 30 'can be performed.

[0239] When the metal body M2 is a hollow cylindrical body having a hollow portion, the hollow portion is reduced in pressure so that the metal body is shrunk and deformed toward the hollow portion in the low deformation resistance region. Shear deformation can be performed, and the metal structure can be further refined.

[0240] Alternatively, by setting the hollow portion to a high pressure state, shear deformation can be performed while expanding and deforming the metal body in the low deformation resistance region, and the metal structure can be further refined. .

[0241] As described above, even when the hollow part is in a reduced pressure state or a high pressure state, the inert gas or the active gas or the inert liquid is supplied in the hollow part so that the active liquid is supplied at a predetermined pressure. You may. In particular, when the hollow part is in a reduced pressure state, the metal body may be in a relatively reduced pressure state by keeping the outside of the metal body in a pressurized state.

[0242] The STSP apparatus is configured as described above. When the metal structure is refined by twisting the low deformation resistance region 30 'formed in the metal body M2, the metal body M2 is attached to the STSP apparatus. The low deformation resistance region 30 ′ is heated by the heating device 64 while the cooling device 65 cools both sides of the low deformation resistance region 30 ′.

[0243] Here, heating by the heating device 64 is performed until the temperature of the low deformation resistance region 30 'becomes equal to or higher than the softening temperature or the recrystallization temperature of the strain generated in the metal body M2. At this point, the low deformation resistance region 30 'is twisted by rotating the non-low deformation resistance region around the rotation axis using the central axis of the metal body M2 as the rotation axis by the rotating device.

[0244] The rotation of the non-low deformation resistance region by the rotating device is set to 120 rpm. The number of rotations is set to one half or more, and the greater the number of rotations, the greater the shear deformation that can occur, and the more efficient the microstructure can be refined.

[0245] The heating temperature of the metal body M2 by the heating device 64 is desirably controlled to a temperature equal to or higher than the recovery / recrystallization temperature and equal to or lower than the temperature at which the influence of the coarsening of the metal crystal grains starts to occur. In the present embodiment, one end of the metal body M2 on which the low deformation resistance region 30 ′ is formed is fixed and the other end is rotated, but the low deformation resistance region 30 ′ is sandwiched. You can rotate both sides in the opposite direction, respectively.

[0247] After twisting the low deformation resistance region 30 'in this way, the low deformation resistance region 30' is cooled. In the embodiment described above, the metal body M2 cannot be moved along the extension direction, but the metal body M2 is configured to be movable along the extension direction, so that the metal body M2 has a low deformation resistance. The position of the region 30 'can be displaced, and the metal body M2 can be continuously subjected to a shearing process by twisting to form a metal body M2 having a fine metal structure over a wide area. it can.

[0248] Also, instead of configuring the metal body M2 so as to be movable in the direction of extension, the shear deformation portion 62 including the heating device 64 and the cooling device 65 is configured to be movable in the direction of extension of the metal body M2. Just a little.

[0249] Further, the movement of the metal body M2 in the extension direction or the movement of the shear deformation portion 62 along the extension direction of the metal body M2 is reciprocated, so that the metal body M2 is repeatedly moved to the region of a predetermined width of the metal body M2. The metal structure can be further refined by performing a shearing process.

[0250] In some cases, the rotation speed of the metal body M2 by the rotating device or the heating or cooling condition is adjusted for each low deformation resistance region 30 'formed at a required position of the metal body M2. By adjusting the degree of refinement of the metal structure, the strength or ductility of the metal body M2 can be adjusted, and the metal body M2 with partially improved strength or improved ductility can be generated. .

FIG. 15 is an electron micrograph of JIS-A5056, which is an aluminum alloy before being processed by the STSP apparatus described above, and FIG. 16 is an electron micrograph of JIS-A5056 processed by the STSP apparatus. It can be seen that by deforming the metal body M2 by shearing, the crystal grain of the metal structure, which was 60-70 m, can be reduced to 5 μm or less.

[0252] The refining of the crystal grains can be achieved by appropriately setting the heating and cooling conditions. For example, only an extremely narrow area is heated by the electron beam, and the force is heated to the deep part. If the temperature is kept low by self-cooling, the boundary between the low-deformation resistance region and the non-low-deformation resistance region can be narrowed, and the strong strain can be concentrated in the low-deformation resistance region. Noka can also be miniaturized to the level of 10 nanometers.

[0253] Fig. 17 shows the yield strength and tensile strength of a metal body obtained by treating S45C, which is an iron-based material, with the above-described STSP apparatus, and a metal body that has been subjected to an annealing treatment using the same heat history as in the STSP apparatus. The results show a comparison of uniform elongation, and it is clear that treatment with an STSP device can improve the heat resistance and tensile strength without increasing the uniform elongation.

[0254] Further, Fig. 18 shows a metal body obtained by treating JIS-A5056, which is an aluminum-based material, with the above-described STSP apparatus, and a metal body subjected to annealing treatment using the same heat history as in the STSP apparatus. The results show a comparison of the resistance to heat, tensile strength, and uniform elongation of the steel sheet.It is possible to improve the power resistance and tensile strength without increasing the uniform elongation by treating with the STSP device, as in the case of S45C. You can see that you can do it.

[0255] In the STSP device described above, as is apparent from the structure, when the non-low deformation resistance region is rotated by the rotating device, sufficient shear deformation is generated in the rotating shaft portion of the low deformation resistance region 30 '. There may be a region where the metal structure is not sufficiently refined due to the lack of such a region.

[0256] Therefore, in the STSP device of the present embodiment, when the low deformation resistance region 30 'is formed by heating the metal body M2 by the heating device 64, the heating device 64 sets the rotation axis region to be non-centered. Heat as a heating distribution!

That is, when the heating device 64 is formed of a high-frequency heating coil as in the present embodiment, the central axis of the high-frequency heating coil is biased by the rotating portion 63 to rotate the metal body M2. As a result, in the low deformation resistance region 30 ′, the heating distribution having the rotation axis region as a non-center is used as a heating distribution, so that a region that is not miniaturized in the rotation shaft region is suppressed, and the ST SP device is also used. The metal structure can be uniformly refined.

[0258] As described above, by adjusting the arrangement of the heating device 64, the heating distribution can be made non-centered on the region of the rotating shaft, and the metal structure in the region of the rotating shaft can be surely miniaturized. Can be.

[0259] As a method for preventing non-uniformity of the microstructure of the metal structure in the STSP apparatus, one non-low deformation resistance region sandwiching the low deformation resistance region 30 'is positioned with respect to the other non-low deformation resistance region. Then, the metal body Ml is moved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of extension, and this movement causes a shear deformation in the rotation axis region of the low deformation resistance region 30 ', thereby reducing the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the metal structure. You can prevent it! /

[0260] That is, the vibration applying body 47 of the SVSP device described later may be incorporated in the STSP device to twist and vibrate the low deformation resistance region 30 '.

[0261] Alternatively, by deviating the rotation axis itself from the geometrical center force of the metal body M2 having a round rod shape, shear deformation is generated in the rotation axis area of the low deformation resistance area 30 ', and metal It is also possible to prevent non-uniformity in the micronization of the tissue.

[0262] Alternatively, an appropriate molding guide body for molding the metal body M2 into a predetermined shape is brought into contact with the low deformation resistance area 30 ', and the deformation added to the low deformation resistance area 30' by the molding guide body. It is also possible to prevent a nonuniform metal structure from being formed by generating a shape stress.

[0263] Particularly, in the low deformation resistance region 30 ', the deformation resistance is reduced, so that it is possible to easily perform the shaping into the predetermined shape. And can be performed simultaneously.

[0264] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 19, the low deformation resistance region 30 'is brought into contact with a forming guide body, for example, a wire drawing die 69, so that the low deformation resistance region 30' is subjected to shear deformation. The metal body M2 is drawn by the wire drawing die 69 while making the metal structure finer.

In particular, in FIG. 19, the wire drawing die 69 is connected to a heater (not shown) to reach a required temperature.

In this way, the drawing die 69 is used as a heating device. Therefore, the contact portion of the metal body M2 contacting the wire drawing die 69 can be locally heated, and the low deformation resistance region 30 'can be easily formed.

[0266] Alternatively, a cooling device that cools the low deformation resistance region 30 'may be provided in the wire drawing die 69 by providing a water passage (not shown) through which cooling water flows.

When the wire drawing die 69 is used as a cooling device, as shown in FIG. 20, the contact portion of the metal body contacted with the wire drawing die 69 can be locally cooled, and The low deformation resistance region 30 'can be efficiently cooled, and the production efficiency can be improved. [0268] Further, after the low deformation resistance region 30 'is cooled to a predetermined temperature, in particular, a temperature at which the forming process is performed, a required forming process may be performed on the metal body M2 by a forming guide body.

[0269] For convenience of explanation, the cooling device is omitted in FIG. 19, and the heating device is omitted in FIG.

[0270] The forming guide body is not limited to the wire drawing die 69, and a screw thread forming gear may be rolled by appropriately using a male screw forming die-bite or the like.

FIG. 21 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a modification of the above-described STSP device. This STSP device is provided with a supply section 70 for supplying the metal body M2 'and a storage section 71 for storing the sheared metal body M2'.

[0272] The supply unit 70 is supplied with a metal body M2 'wound on a required reel, and is fed while stretching the metal body M2' linearly by a stretching tool (not shown).

[0273] In the housing section 71, the metal body M2 'that has been sheared and deformed is wound around a reel by a winding tool (not shown) and housed.

[0274] In the STSP device, a plurality of shear deformation portions 62 'are provided at predetermined intervals along the extension direction of the metal body M2' between the supply portion 70 and the storage portion 71, and A rotating portion 63 'is provided between the adjacent shear deformation portions 62', 62 ', and the rotating portion 63' rotates the metal body M2 'around a rotation axis substantially parallel to the extension direction of the metal body M2'. Then, the metal body M2 'in the shearing deformation portion 62' is sheared.

[0275] The shear deformation portion 62 'includes a high-frequency heating coil 64' for heating the metal body M2 ', a first water outlet 65b' for discharging cooling water for cooling the metal body M2 ', and a second water outlet. 65c ', and the high-frequency heating coil 64' is positioned between the first water outlet 65b 'and the second water outlet 65c', and the metal body M2 'is heated by the high-frequency heating coil 64'. The area is defined as a small range.

[0276] In the present embodiment, a rotating roller in contact with the metal body M2 'is provided in the rotating unit 63', and the metal body M2 'is rotated by the rotating roller. Also, the rotating direction of the rotating rollers is opposite in the rotating portions 63 'adjacent to each other.

[0277] In the STSP apparatus configured as described above, the supply unit 70 and the storage unit 71 are supplied with the metal body M2 'as a means for transporting the metal body M2', so that the metal body M2 'is sheared a plurality of times. Deformation can be applied. [0278] Alternatively, for example, the shearing deformation portion 62 'is pressed at a predetermined interval T along the extension direction of the metal body M2'.

When the metal unit M2 'is fed at a predetermined interval 等 by using the supply unit 70 and the storage unit 71 as a means for transporting the metal unit M2', the 部にSince the shear deformation can be performed, the shear deformation is stopped and the metal body M2 'is fed by ΤΧ 、, and then the shear deformation is restarted and the metal body M2' is sent by the predetermined distance 等 and the same distance. Paying can be repeated. Thereby, manufacturing efficiency can be improved.

[0279] In this case, 数 is an even number, and as shown in Fig. 21, not all rotating parts 63 'are provided between the shearing deformation parts 62' and the shearing deformation parts 62 '. A rotating portion 63 'may be provided every other time.

[0280] Fig. 22 shows an apparatus for shear-deforming a low deformation resistance region formed in a metal body by vibration. The inventors of the present invention call the SVSP (Severe Vibration Straining Process) method to reduce the metal structure by shearing and deforming the low deformation resistance region by vibration in this way, and FIG. 22 shows an example of the SVSP device. FIG. Here, for convenience of explanation, the metal body Ml is a rectangular rod extending in one direction, but may have another shape!

[0281] The SVSP device is provided with a fixed part 41, a shear deformation part 42, and a vibrating part 43 on a base 40 along the extension direction of the metal body Ml.

[0282] The fixed portion 41 is provided with a first restricting body 44 and a second restricting body 45 along the direction in which the metal body Ml extends. The first regulating body 44 regulates the widthwise movement of the metal body Ml sent along the extension direction, and the second regulation body 45 regulates the movement of the metal body Ml sent along the extension direction. The metal body Ml is fixed so that it can move forward and backward by restricting the movement in the thickness direction.

That is, in the first regulating body 44, the metal body Ml is sandwiched and fixed between the first contact roller 44a and the second contact roller 44b rotatably supported by the support members.

[0284] Also, in the second regulating body 45, a lower roller 45c positioned below the metal body Ml is provided on the first support 45a and the second support body 45b which stand upright with the metal body Ml interposed therebetween. An upper roller 45d positioned above the body Ml is rotatably mounted, and the metal body Ml is sandwiched and fixed between the lower roller 45c and the upper roller 45d.

[0285] The lower roller 45c and the upper roller 45d, and further, the first contact roller 44a of the first regulating body 44 A feeding mechanism for feeding the metal body Ml by rotating the and the second contact roller 44b using an appropriate driving device may be used. In FIG. 22, reference numeral 46 denotes a guide roller for assisting the feeding of the metal body Ml.

[0286] The vibrating section 43 is provided with a vibration applying body 47 and a vibration propagation suppressing body 48 along the extension direction of the metal body Ml. The vibration applying body 47 applies a predetermined vibration to the metal body Ml, and the vibration propagation suppressing body 48 suppresses the vibration applied to the metal body Ml from propagating along the metal body Ml in the vibration applying body 47. Then

[0287] The vibration applying body 47 includes an ultrasonic vibrating body 49 located below the metal body Ml, and a propagating body 50 mounted on the output shaft 49a of the ultrasonic vibrating body 49. The propagating member 50 is configured such that a lower roller 50a positioned below the metal member Ml and an upper roller 50b positioned above the metal member Ml are rotatable on a U-shaped support frame 50c. The metal body Ml is sandwiched between the lower roller 50a and the upper roller 50b.

By operating the ultrasonic vibrator 49, the propagation body 50 vibrates vertically at a predetermined amplitude and at a predetermined frequency, and vibrates the metal body Ml in the vertical direction. In this embodiment

Vibrating motion is generated by the ultrasonic vibrating body 49, but is generated by a device other than the ultrasonic vibrating body 49, such as a linear motor or a piezoelectric element, or simply by a cam mechanism. Well ヽ.

For example, as shown in FIG. 23, a vibrating device that also provides a cam mechanism force includes one of the metal members Ml near the low deformation resistance region 30 formed in the metal member Ml as described later. An elliptical cam 55 is provided on the side surface side, and a driven elastic body 56 formed of a spring or the like is provided on the other side surface. The metal body Ml is sandwiched between the elliptical cam 55 and the driven elastic body 56, The metal body Ml is configured to vibrate by the rotational movement of the elliptical cam 55.

In FIG. 23, reference numeral 57 denotes a fixed body of the driven elastic body 56, and reference numeral 58 denotes a support plate that directly contacts the metal body Ml and stably vibrates the metal body Ml. Note that the cam is not limited to the elliptical cam 55, but may be an appropriate cam shape such as a polygonal cam.

[0291] The amplitude of the vibration applied to the metal body Ml by the ultrasonic vibrator 49 is such that the metal structure in the low deformation resistance region 30 formed in the metal body Ml is refined by shear deformation as described later. Basically, if possible, the required minimum is determined from the grain size of the metal structure of the metal constituting the metal body Ml and the width of the low deformation resistance region 30 in the direction of extension of the metal body Ml. The amplitude is determined.

[0292] The greater the amplitude of the vibration by the ultrasonic vibrator 49, the finer the metallographic structure can be. However, if the amplitude of the vibration is large, the deformation becomes difficult to recover in the low deformation resistance region 30. Therefore, it is desirable to vibrate the metal body Ml with the maximum amplitude without deformation that makes restoration difficult in the low deformation resistance region 30.

[0293] Here, the deformation that does not make the restoration difficult is the deformation in which the low deformation resistance region 30 restores the shape before the vibration in the vibration in a half cycle, and the deformation that makes the recovery difficult is the half cycle. In response to the vibration, the low deformation resistance region 30 is deformed without restoring the shape before the vibration.

[0294] The frequency of the vibration applied to the metal body Ml by the ultrasonic vibrating body 49 is such that the distortion caused by the displacement generated in the low deformation resistance region 30 due to the vibration can be eliminated by the distortion eliminating action of the metal body Ml. Before being eliminated by the recrystallization effect of the tissue, the frequency must be different from the previously applied displacement, that is, a frequency that can give a strain due to displacement in the opposite direction or different direction. It is desirable to set the frequency as high as possible.

[0295] The vibration applied to the metal body Ml is not limited to the case where a high frequency vibration is applied. For example, the vibration applied to the metal body Ml may be short, such as applying only a half cycle vibration to the low deformation resistance region 30. It may be configured to apply for only the time.

[0296] The term "low frequency" as used herein refers to the above-described action of eliminating the strain of the metal body Ml or the action of recrystallizing the metal structure against the strain caused by the displacement generated in the low deformation resistance region 30. Until it starts, it is the frequency of the vibration with a long period of one-quarter that the low-frequency vibration can cause distortion due to the next displacement.

[0297] In order to more efficiently deform the low deformation resistance region 30 by shearing, it is necessary to use the inertia of the metal body Ml itself instead of fixing the metal body Ml with the first regulating body 44. Desirably, it is desirable to select the vibration application conditions that enable fixing by inertia by applying vibration under the conditions corresponding to the metal body Ml processed by the SVSP device.

[0298] The vibration propagation suppressing body 48 has the same configuration as the above-described second regulating body 45, and sandwiches the metal body Ml. The lower roller 48c positioned below the metal body Ml is placed on the first support 48a and the second support 48b

And an upper roller 48d, which is positioned above the metal body Ml, is rotatably mounted.The lower body 48c and the upper roller 48d sandwich and fix the metal body Ml. The vibration applied to Ml is suppressed from propagating along the metal body Ml.

[0299] The shearing deformation portion 42 is provided for heating the metal body Ml to a predetermined temperature and a low deformation resistance region 30 formed in the metal body Ml by heating by the heating apparatus 51 to a predetermined width. And a cooling device 52 for cooling the metal body Ml.

[0300] In the present embodiment, a high-frequency heating coil is used for the heating device 51, and the high-frequency heating coil is wound around the metal body Ml a predetermined number of times, and is deformed by heating the metal body Ml to a predetermined temperature. The resistance is reduced to form the low deformation resistance region 30. Note that the heating device 51 is not limited to a high-frequency heating coil, but may be heating using an electron beam, plasma, laser, electromagnetic induction, or the like, heating using a gas burner, or heating using an electrical short circuit. Good.

[0301] In particular, when an electron beam is used as the heating device 51, the width of the low deformation resistance region 30 in the extension direction of the metal body Ml can be made extremely small, and the low deformation resistance region 30 has a larger shear force. Since a stress can be applied, the metal structure can be further miniaturized.

[0302] The cooling device 52 includes a first water outlet 52b and a second water outlet 52c for discharging the water supplied from the water supply pipe 52a, and the water is discharged from the first water outlet 52b and the second water outlet 52c. The metal body Ml is cooled by water. In FIG. 22, reference numeral 53 denotes a water receiving container for receiving water discharged from the first water outlet 52b and the second water outlet 52c, and reference numeral 54 denotes a drain pipe connected to the water receiving container 53.

[0303] In the cooling device 52, both sides of the low deformation resistance region 30 formed by the heating device 51 provided between the first water outlet 52b and the second water outlet 52c are connected to the first water outlet 52b and the second water outlet 52b. (2) Cooling is performed by the water discharged from the water discharge port 52c.In particular, by adjusting the arrangement of the first water discharge port 52b and the second water discharge port 52c, the low deformation resistance region 30 is extended by the extension of the metal body Ml. The area is extremely small compared to the length in the direction!

[0304] As described above, the low deformation resistance region 30 has a small width along the extension direction of the metal body Ml. As a result, an extremely large shear deformation occurs in the low deformation resistance region 30 and the miniaturization efficiency of the metal structure can be immediately improved. The shearing force can also reduce the residual strain due to the shearing deformation due to the oscillating motion or the residual deformation.

[0305] In addition, since the low deformation resistance region 30 heated by the heating device 51 is quenched by being rapidly cooled by the cooling device 52, the hardness of the metal body Ml having a refined metal structure is improved. Can also be planned.

[0306] The cooling of the metal body Ml is not limited to water cooling, but may be air cooling, or any method as long as the deformation resistance of the metal body Ml can be improved by excitation cooling. Is also good.

[0307] As the heating device 51 and the cooling device 52, various heating means and cooling devices can be used in the same manner as the heating device 64 and the cooling device 65 of the above-described STSP device.

In the present embodiment, a cooling device 52 is provided between the second regulating body 45 and a heating device 51 including a high-frequency heating coil, and a cooling device 52 is provided between the heating device 51 and the vibration applying body 47. Although provided, the second regulating body 45 and the vibration applying body 47 may be provided closer to the heating device 51 than the cooling device 52, and the interval between the second regulating body 45 and the vibration applying body 47 may be made as short as possible. .

[0309] As described above, by shortening the interval between the second regulating body 45 and the vibration applying body 47 as much as possible, the energy of the vibration applied to the metal body Ml by the vibration applying body 47 can be reduced. Dissipation to portions other than 30 can be prevented, and shear deformation in the low deformation resistance region 30 due to vibration energy can be efficiently generated.

[0310] Further, a cooling function is added to the lower roller 45c and the upper roller 45d of the second regulating body 45 sandwiching the metal body Ml, and to the lower roller 50a and the upper roller 50b of the propagation body 50 of the vibration applying body 47. Then, the metal body Ml is sandwiched and cooled by these rollers 45c, 45d, 50a, and 50b.

[0311] In the SVSP apparatus configured as described above, when the metal thread is made finer by vibrating motion, the metal body Ml is sequentially sent to the fixed part 41, the shear deformation part 42, and the vibrating part 43, The metal device Ml is heated by the heating device 51 while cooling both sides of the low deformation resistance region 30 by the cooling device 52 of the breaking deformation portion 42 to form the low deformation resistance region 30.

[0312] Here, in the heating by the heating device 51, the temperature of the low deformation resistance region 30 occurred in the metal body Ml. The strain recovery is performed until the temperature becomes equal to or higher than the softening temperature or the recrystallization temperature of the metal structure, and when the temperature exceeds the recovery temperature, the non-low deformation resistance region of the metal body Ml is vibrated by the vibration applying body 47. A shear deformation occurs in the low deformation resistance region 30.

[0313] The heating temperature of the metal body Ml by the heating device 51 is desirably controlled to be equal to or higher than the recovery'recrystallization temperature and equal to or lower than the temperature at which the influence of the coarsening of the force metal crystal grains starts to occur.

[0314] As described above, by subjecting the low deformation resistance region 30 to shear deformation, the metal structure can be refined with almost no change in the outer shape of the metal body Ml.

[0315] In the present embodiment, the vibration applying body 47 is a force that vibrates the non-low deformation resistance region of the metal body Ml in the vertical direction, which is the thickness direction of the metal body Ml, as described above. The vibration applying body 47 may have an appropriate configuration. For this purpose, the vibration may be caused to vibrate in the left-right direction, or may be caused to vibrate by a combined vibration in which the vertical vibration and the left-right vibration are combined.

[0316] Here, the vibration applied to the metal body Ml is not limited to only vibration in the upward and downward directions or the left and right directions that are substantially orthogonal to the extension direction of the metal body Ml. It suffices if vibrations in the vertical and horizontal directions that are substantially perpendicular to the direction of extension of the metal body Ml are included.

[0317] In the SVSP device of the present embodiment, as described above, the shearing deformation occurs in the low deformation resistance region 30 by the application of the oscillating motion in the oscillating portion 43, and at the same time, the metal body Ml is sent in the extension direction. The metal body Ml, the position of the low deformation resistance region 30 in the metal body Ml can be displaced, and the metal body Ml is continuously subjected to shearing treatment by vibratory motion to refine the metal structure over a wide range. Can be.

[0318] In particular, since the low deformation resistance region 30 completely traverses the metal body Ml extending in the minus direction, the metal body Ml is uniformly sheared with the movement of the low deformation resistance region 30. The metal body Ml can be formed, and the metal structure can be substantially uniformly refined.

[0319] Further, in some cases, the strength of the metal body Ml is adjusted by adjusting the degree of microstructure refinement by adjusting the magnitude of the shear stress generated by the shearing deformation at a required position of the metal body Ml. Alternatively, the ductility can be adjusted to partially improve the strength, An improved metal body M1 can be generated.

[0320] In the present embodiment, one end of the metal body M12 in which the low deformation resistance region 30 is formed is fixed and the other end is vibrated. You may vibrate them in opposite phases.

[0321] If the above-mentioned SVSP apparatus is provided in a post-process portion of a predetermined forming apparatus for performing hot rolling, cold rolling, extrusion molding, or the like on a metal body Ml, rolling or extrusion is performed. The metal structure of the metal body Ml elongated in the elongation direction by a treatment or the like can be sheared and deformed, and the metal structure can be further easily refined.

[0322] As described above, the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30 'are locally formed in the metal body by the above-described SVSP device and STSP device, and the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30' are subjected to shear deformation. By applying strong strain, the metal structure can be refined, and the strength or ductility of the metal bodies M1 and M2 can be improved.

As shown in FIG. 1, when the metal body is a laminated body 10 in which a plurality of metal layers are superimposed as shown in FIG. 1, each metal layer is formed, and the metal is formed in the adjacent metal layer. By joining together with the metal while miniaturizing the metal, it is possible to produce an integrated metal body and to provide a metal body whose metal composition changes in the direction of lamination of the metal layers.

[0324] Alternatively, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal body in FIG. 24, a composite in which a second metal material 25 is inserted into a cut-out portion of a cut-out round bar-shaped first metal rod 24 to be integrated. By treating the metal bar 26 with the STSP device, a new alloy can be produced by mechanically mixing the metal of the first metal bar 24 and the metal of the second metal material 25.

[0325] Further, as shown in FIG. 2, when the metal body is a calcined body 16 of a mixture obtained by mixing a plurality of types of metal powders, the metal structures of the respective metal powders are refined with each other. By joining, a metal body tightly integrated can be produced. In particular, a combination of metals that cannot be produced by the melting method can be mechanically joined by the SVSP device and the STSP device, and a new alloy can be produced.

[0326] Further, as shown in Fig. 3, even when the metal body is formed as a filling body 19 formed by filling the metal powder 18 into the pores of the porous body 17, the metal structure of each metal is changed. By joining while miniaturizing each other, an integrated metal body can be produced. In particular, groups that cannot be generated by the melting method Combined metals can also be mechanically joined by SVSP and STSP equipment.

A new alloy can be produced.

[0327] Also, as shown in Fig. 4, when the metal body is a metal wire bundle 23 formed by bundling a plurality of types of metal wires, it is necessary to join the metal wires while minimizing the metal structure of each metal wire. Thereby, a metal body integrally formed can be produced. In particular, combinations of metals that cannot be produced by the melting method can be mechanically joined by STSP equipment, and new alloys can be produced.

[0328] In particular, the metal body is formed into a hollow cylindrical shape until the metal thread is finely divided by the SVSP device or the STSP device. By making a plate-shaped body by cutting out the peripheral surface of the metal body, it is extremely easy to make a plate-shaped metal material, and the metal material has a finer metal structure. Can be provided.

[0329] In the above-described SVSP device and STSP device, the length in the extension direction of the metal bodies M1 and M2 of the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30 'formed by the heating devices 51, 64 and the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30' By adjusting the shearing deformation that occurs in the area, the shearing deformation is performed in the entire low deformation resistance region 30, 30 '.

Shearing at a part of the low deformation resistance region 30, 30 ', for example, at the center region of the low deformation resistance region 30, 30', or at both ends or one end of the low deformation resistance region 30, 30 '. Modifications can also be made.

[0330] The metal body in which the crystal structure of the low deformation resistance region 30, 30 'is refined by the above-described SVSP apparatus and STSP apparatus may be quenched in a salt bath if necessary. In this case, the metal bodies M1 and M2 with improved functions can be produced efficiently by continuously passing the power through the SVSP device and the STSP device salt bath quenching device.

[0331] Further, the metal body obtained by making the crystal structure of the low deformation resistance region 30, 30 'fine by the above-mentioned SVSP device and STSP device is subjected to plastic working without coarsening the metal structure, whereby the metal structure becomes fine. By forming the metal body, a metal body having a required shape can be obtained from a metal body having high strength or high ductility.

[0332] When the crystal structure of the low deformation resistance regions 30, 30 'is refined, as described above, Since the temperature is relatively low such that the refined crystal grains do not grow, the temperature is often lower than the temperature required for plastic working.

[0333] Therefore, when performing plastic kneading, the metal bodies M1 and M2 are rapidly heated to a predetermined lowering temperature so that the metal structure is not coarsened. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the metal yarns from being enlarged during plastic working, thereby preventing high strength or high ductility.

[0334] Further, after the plastic working, the metal structures of the metal bodies M1 and M2, which are not rapidly cooled to room temperature, are not coarsened, but are kept at a temperature and subjected to aging treatment. By performing the aging treatment in this manner, the strength of the metal body having high strength or high ductility can be further improved.

[0335] As described above, in a metal body having a finer metal structure, if the temperature is higher than the recrystallization temperature of the metal body, the metal structure which has been refined may be enlarged. When the metal structure is refined by the SVSP and STSP devices, the effect of the refinement is lost. It is hoped that time will not be processed.

[0336] The metal body whose metal structure is refined as described above has high strength, so that when used as an automobile part, it can be lightened, and the automobile can be lightened to improve fuel efficiency. Can be planned.

[0337] As described above, a metal body used for an automobile part is manufactured as follows.

[0338] First, a pretreatment is performed on a plate-shaped metal plate having a desired composition. In this pretreatment, the metal plate is heated and cooled to form a single metal plate and to form a metal plate! The metal particles are dispersed and the residual stress of the metal plate is adjusted.

[0339] Next, the metal plate that has been subjected to the pretreatment is treated with an SVSP apparatus to uniformly refine the metal structure of the metal plate to form a metal plate with increased strength and ductility! / Puru.

[0340] In particular, when the metal plate is made of an aluminum alloy, a large-sized aluminum alloy plate having high strength and high ductility can be formed, and a bonnet, a cowl, or the like having a complicated shape can be formed by plastic working. The manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.

[0341] In particular, when such a bonnet or cowl is formed by plastic working, contact with other members is made. Continued

Since the flange-to-fitting structure used in the above can be integrally formed, the cost can be reduced by integrally forming a plurality of parts, and the structural strength can be improved.

[0342] As described above, not only the metal plate is formed into a desired metal body by the SVSP apparatus, but also the round bar-shaped metal body having the desired composition is subjected to the above-described pretreatment, and then the STSP apparatus is used. By performing the treatment, the metal structure of the metal plate can be uniformly refined to form a metal body having high strength and high ductility.

[0343] The metal body formed in this manner has high ductility! /, And therefore, by performing forging with a forging die having a plurality of cylinders after separating into required volumes, for example, As shown in FIG. 25, a body frame socket 80 having a complicated shape can be formed.

[0344] The body frame socket 80 of the present embodiment is used for a connection portion of each frame in a body frame 90 of an automobile as shown in Fig. 26. Usually, each frame is welded at the connection portion. By using the body frame socket 80 shown in Fig. 25, welding work is not required, manufacturing costs can be reduced, and structural strength can be improved compared to welding. Reliability can be improved.

[0345] In the body frame socket 80 of Fig. 25, four frames 81, which extend in different directions, a first frame 81, a second frame 82, a third frame 83, and a fourth frame 84, respectively. The first fitting portion 85 into which 82, 83, 84 is inserted, the second fitting portion 86, the third fitting portion 87, and the fourth fitting portion 88 are extended and protruded in a predetermined direction. are doing.

[0346] The fitting portions 85, 86, 87, and 88 are provided with insertion holes 85h, 86h, 87h, and 88h formed by inserting a cylinder during forging. The leading ends of the frames 81, 82, 83, 84 are inserted into the insertion holes 85h, 86h, 87h, 88h, respectively, and connected.

[0347] As another usage form, for example, a high-strength rod-like body can be provided by refining the metal structure of a rod-like body such as a steering shaft by the STSP method or the SVSP method. Can be. Moreover, the entire metal structure of the rod is uniformly refined. It is also possible to impart intentional variation in strength by miniaturizing only a part of the steel that is not in place, or by miniaturizing only a part.

[0348] As described above, in the case of a steering shaft having a rod-like body strength with intentional variation in strength, shock absorption is imparted by intentionally breaking the steering shaft by an impact in the event of an accident. Can be.

[0349] Alternatively, in the case of forming a screw, after the metal structure is refined by the SVSP method on the rod-shaped member, the screw is rolled using the rotation of the metal body by the STSP method. This makes it possible to easily form a high-strength screw.

[0350] Similarly, when forming the transmission gear, after refining the metal structure of the rod-shaped member by the SVSP method, the rotation of the metal body by the STSP method is used. By forming the gear teeth with the die, it is possible to easily form a transmission gear having high strength.

[0351] The metal body whose metal structure is refined as described above is used as a sputtering target material for a sputtering apparatus used in a semiconductor manufacturing process that is used not only for automobile parts.

It is extremely useful when used.

[0352] In particular, a metal body having a required composition can be produced, and the produced metal body can have a homogeneous composition and a fine metal structure, so that a uniform metal film is formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate. Can be generated. Then, such a sputtering target material can be produced at a lower cost than the ECAP method.

[0353] This sputtering target material is manufactured as follows.

[0354] First, a pretreatment is performed on a metal plate having a desired composition. In this pretreatment, the metal sheet is heated and cooled to cool the metal sheet in a single manner, the metal particles constituting the metal sheet are dispersed, and the residual stress of the metal sheet is adjusted. It is carried out.

[0355] Next, the metal plate that has been subjected to the pretreatment is treated with an SVSP apparatus to uniformly refine the metal structure of the metal plate.

[0356] After the metal structure was refined by the SVSP apparatus, the crystal orientation of the crystal structure refined by cold rolling, cold forging, warm forging, or swaging of the metal plate was changed. In addition to adjustment, molding to the target shape is performed.

[0357] As described above, by adjusting the crystal orientation of the refined crystal structure, a sputtering target capable of forming a uniform metal film on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate can be provided.

[0358] Further, when a metal plate is formed into a target shape, the metal body is formed into a substantially disk shape, and at the same time, a cooling concave groove is formed on the back surface. By simultaneously forming the concave grooves for cooling as described above, the manufacturing process of the sputtering target can be shortened, and an inexpensive sputtering target can be provided.

[0359] In particular, since the metal structure is refined by the SVSP apparatus, the formability of the metal plate is improved, so that the concave grooves for cooling can be accurately formed by cold forging or warm forging. it can.

[0360] After the metal structure of the metal plate was uniformly refined by the SVSP device, the metal plate was heated to a temperature at which coarsening of the refined metal verification could be suppressed, and the residual stress of the metal plate was adjusted. Etc. may be performed.

[0361] Another manufacturing method can be as follows. In this manufacturing method, the metal body serving as the target material is a round metal rod having a desired composition.

[0362] First, a pretreatment is performed on the metal rod in the same manner as in the case of the metal plate described above, so that the metal rod is made into a single phase, the metal particles constituting the metal rod are dispersed, and the metal is further dispersed. The residual stress of the rod is adjusted.

[0363] Next, the metal bar that has been subjected to the pretreatment is treated with an STSP device to uniformly refine the metal structure of the metal bar.

[0364] After the metal structure is refined by the STSP apparatus, the metal bar is cut into predetermined lengths, and a metal plate is formed by cold forging or warm forging.

[0365] The metal plate thus formed is treated with the SVSP apparatus as described above to further refine the metal structure of the metal plate. Then, in the same manner as in the case of the metal plate described above, the metal plate is cold-rolled, or cold forged or warm forged, or the crystal orientation refined by swaging or the like is adjusted, and the shape of the metal plate is adjusted to the target shape. We are molding.

[0366] By combining the STSP method and the SVSP method, a metal body serving as a sputtering target was produced. By this, a metal body having an extremely fine metal structure can be obtained, and a sputtering target capable of forming a uniform metal film on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate can be provided.

[0367] In particular, by treating a metal rod by the STSP method, it is possible to homogenize the composition of the metal rod, and to produce a sputtering target from a more homogenous metal body, and thereby to obtain a semiconductor. A sputtering target capable of forming a uniform metal film on the upper surface of the substrate can be provided.

[0368] The above-mentioned SVSP method or STSP method makes it possible to provide materials or parts with improved characteristics by using the following materials that are not only used for manufacturing automotive parts and sputtering targets. be able to.

[0369] When the metal body is a magnetic body, the workability is improved by making the metal thread of the metal body finer by the SVSP method or the STSP method to improve the fineness of the metal body. Processing can be enabled. In some cases, an improvement in the magnetic porosity can be expected.

[0370] When the metal body is a shape memory alloy, the metallographic structure of the metal body is refined by the SVSP method or the STSP method to improve the workability and to form a finer shape. Can be made possible. In particular, when a screw used for assembling an electronic device is formed using this shape memory alloy, the screw can be easily disassembled by eliminating the screw thread by shape memory when the electronic device is discarded. .

[0371] When the metal body is a hydrogen storage alloy, an improvement in the hydrogen storage capacity can be expected by making the metal thread of the metal body finer by the SVSP method or the STSP method. Furthermore, various shapes can be obtained by improving workability, and a structure having a hydrogen storage function can be formed.

[0372] When the metal body is a damping alloy, the workability is improved by making the metal thread of the metal body finer by the SVSP method or the STSP method, thereby adding a finer shape. Can be made possible. In particular, sound quality can be improved by spreading the application of the damping alloy to components of audio equipment such as speakers.

[0373] When the metal body is an electrothermal material, the metallographic structure of the metal body is refined by the SVSP method or the STSP method to improve workability, and to add a finer shape. Can be made possible.

[0374] When the metal body is a biomaterial, the metal structure of the metal body can be refined by the SVSP method or the STSP method to improve workability and add a finer shape. It can be.

[0375] In particular, although titanium has conventionally been used as a biomaterial, titanium has a problem that workability is extremely poor due to its high hardness, and the molding cost is high. By miniaturizing the metal structure by the STSP method, titanium can be formed by forging, and a titanium component having a predetermined shape can be formed at low cost.

[0376] Moreover, titanium whose metal structure has been refined by the SVSP method or the STSP method can be used as a material having a low Young's modulus and a high strength, and can also improve biocompatibility.

[0377] As described above, the metal body treated by the SVSP method or the STSP method is improved in ductility, thereby improving not only the stiffness, but also the strength. Therefore, members having the same strength can be formed to be lighter, and it is possible to reduce the weight of transport equipment such as ships, aircrafts, and automobiles, or building structures such as high-rise buildings and bridges. Industrial applicability

[0378] In the present invention, a metal which has high strength or high ductility by miniaturizing the metal structure can be continuously formed to improve mass productivity and achieve low cost. A genus can be provided.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a metal body.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a metal body.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a metal body.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a metal body.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of shear deformation applied to a low deformation resistance region.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of shear deformation applied to a low deformation resistance region.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of shear deformation applied to a low deformation resistance region.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of shear deformation applied to a low deformation resistance region.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of shear deformation applied to a low deformation resistance region. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of shear deformation applied to a low deformation resistance region.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a heating profile for a low deformation resistance region.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a heating profile for a low deformation resistance region.

FIG. 13 is a schematic explanatory diagram of an STSP device.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the method for cooling a metal body.

Fig. 15 is an electron micrograph of a metal structure before treatment by a 15STSP apparatus.

FIG. 16 is an electron micrograph of a metal structure after treatment with an STSP device.

FIG. 17 is a graph showing changes in physical properties when the metal structure is refined in S45C.

[FIG. 18: A graph showing a change in physical properties when a metal structure is refined according to JIS-A5056.

FIG. 19 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a modification example in the STSP device.

FIG. 20 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a modification example in the STSP device.

FIG. 18 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a modification example of the # 21 STSP device.

FIG. 22 is a schematic explanatory diagram of an SVSP device.

[A schematic illustration of a transformation example of FIG. 23 SVSP apparatus _c

FIG. 24 is a schematic sectional view of a metal body.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a 25 body frame socket.

FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram of a body frame socket.

FIG. 27 is a reference diagram for describing the ECAP method.

Explanation of symbols

31, 31 ', 31〃 1st non-low deformation resistance region

32,32 ', 32 "2nd non-low deformation resistance region

30,30 ', 30〃 Low deformation resistance area

30a, 30a '1st low deformation resistance region

30b, 30b '2nd low deformation resistance region

33,33 'intermediate non-low deformation resistance region

M1.M2 Metal body

40,60 base , 61 fixing part

, 62 Shear deformation part Vibration part First regulating body Second regulating body Vibration applying body Vibration propagation suppressing body Ultrasonic vibrating body a Output shaft

Propagator

, 64 Heating device, 65 Cooling device a, 65a Water supply pipe b, 65b First water outlet c, 65c Second water outlet, 66 Water receiving container, 67 Drain pipe

Rotating part

Claims

The scope of the claims

[I] The deformation resistance of the metal body extending in one direction is locally reduced to form a low deformation resistance region that traverses the metal body, and the low deformation resistance region is sheared to form a metal of the metal body. A metal working method for refining a structure,

A non-low deformation resistance region generating means for generating a non-low deformation resistance region by increasing the deformation resistance in the low deformation resistance region; and A metal working method in which the non-low deformation resistance region generating means generates a non-low deformation resistance region along one of the side edges.

[2] The metal body is moved along the extension direction, and a non-low deformation resistance region is generated by the non-low deformation resistance region generation means along a side edge of the low deformation resistance region on the downstream side in the moving direction. 3. The metal working method according to claim 2, wherein:

[3] The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the non-low deformation resistance region generating means is a cooling means for cooling the metal body.

4. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the metal body is rapidly cooled in the non-low deformation resistance region.

5. The metal coating method according to claim 1, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed in a vacuum.

6. The metal coating method according to claim 1, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed under a high pressure.

7. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed in an active gas atmosphere.

8. The metal working method according to claim 7, wherein the active gas is a nitrogen gas.

9. The metal working method according to claim 7, wherein the active gas is methane gas and Z or carbon monoxide gas.

10. The metal coating method according to claim 1, wherein powder is sprayed on the low deformation resistance region.

[2] The metallization according to claim 1, wherein ion doping is performed on the low deformation resistance region. Method.

12. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed by performing first heating on the metal body for a predetermined time and then performing second heating.

13. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed in an unconstrained region of a constraining means for constraining the metal body at a high temperature.

14. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed in the metal body immersed in a liquid.

15. The metal working method according to claim 14, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed by heating the metal body in a liquid.

16. The metal working method according to claim 15, wherein, when forming the low deformation resistance region, a thermal conductivity around the low deformation resistance region is reduced.

17. The metal working method according to claim 15, wherein bubbles are generated around the low deformation resistance region when the low deformation resistance region is formed.

18. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the metal body having a fine metal structure is subjected to plastic working without increasing the metal structure.

19. The metal working method according to claim 18, wherein the plastic working is performed in a short heating state without coarsening the metal structure of the metal body.

[20] The metal working method according to claim 18, wherein after the plastic working, the metal structure of the metal body is not coarsened!

[21] The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the metal body is carburized.

22. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure of the metal body is refined while extending the low deformation resistance region.

23. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure of the metal body is refined while compressing the low deformation resistance region.

[24] The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the metal body is a cylindrical body having a hollow portion, and the hollow portion is in a reduced pressure state.

[25] The metal body is a cylindrical body having a hollow portion, and the hollow portion is in a high pressure state. 2. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein:

26. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein a forming guide body for forming the metal body into a predetermined shape is brought into contact with the low deformation resistance region.

27. The metal working method according to claim 26, wherein the forming guide body is used as heating means for heating the metal body.

[28] The method of claim 5, wherein the forming guide body is used as cooling means for cooling the metal body.

Item 29. The metal working method according to Item 26.

29. The metal working method according to claim 1, wherein the low deformation resistance region is moved along an extension direction of the metal body.

[30] A metal body extending in one direction, which locally reduces the deformation resistance to temporarily form a low deformation resistance region crossing the metal body, and reduces the deformation resistance in the low deformation resistance region. Generating a non-low deformation resistance region along at least one side edge of the low deformation resistance region by a non-low deformation resistance region generating means for generating a non-low deformation resistance region by increasing the deformation resistance. A metal body in which the metal structure is refined by subjecting the low deformation resistance region to shear deformation.

[31] The non-low deformation resistance region formed by the non-low deformation resistance region generating means is formed at a side edge of the low deformation resistance region on the downstream side in the moving direction of the metal body moved along the extension direction. 31. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein:

32. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the non-low deformation resistance region generating means is a cooling means for cooling the metal body.

33. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the metal body is rapidly cooled in the non-low deformation resistance region.

34. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed in a vacuum.

35. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed under a high pressure.

36. The low deformation resistance region is formed in an active gas atmosphere. The described metal body.

37. The metal body according to claim 36, wherein said active gas is nitrogen gas.

38. The metal body according to claim 36, wherein the active gas is methane gas and Z or carbon monoxide gas.

39. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein a powder is sprayed on the low deformation resistance region.

40. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the low deformation resistance region is ion-doped.

41. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed by performing first heating on the metal body for a predetermined time and then performing second heating.

42. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed in an unconstrained region of a constraining means for constraining the metal body at a high temperature.

43. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed in the metal body immersed in a liquid.

44. The metal body according to claim 43, wherein the low deformation resistance region is formed by heating the metal body in a liquid.

45. The metal body according to claim 44, wherein, when forming the low deformation resistance region, a thermal conductivity around the low deformation resistance region is reduced.

46. The metal body according to claim 44, wherein bubbles are generated around the low deformation resistance region when forming the low deformation resistance region.

47. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the metal body having a finer metal structure is subjected to plastic working without increasing the metal structure.

48. The metal body according to claim 47, wherein the plastic working is performed in a short-time heating state without increasing the metal structure of the metal body.

49. The metal body according to claim 47, wherein after performing the plastic working, the metal structure of the metal body is subjected to aging treatment while maintaining the metal structure at a temperature of! / ヽ without coarsening.

[50] The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the metal body is preliminarily carburized.

51. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the metal deformation of the metal body is refined while elongating the low deformation resistance region.

52. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the metal deformation of the metal body is refined while compressing the low deformation resistance region.

53. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the metal body is a cylindrical body having a hollow portion, and the hollow portion is in a reduced pressure state.

54. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the metal body is a cylindrical body having a hollow portion, and the hollow portion is in a high pressure state.

55. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein a molding guide body for molding the metal body into a predetermined shape is in contact with the low deformation resistance region.

56. The metal body according to claim 55, wherein the forming guide body is heating means for heating the metal body.

57. The metal body according to claim 55, wherein the forming guide body is a cooling unit for cooling the metal body.

58. The metal body according to claim 30, wherein the low deformation resistance region is moved along a direction in which the metal body extends.