WO2005079179A1 - Systeme et methode de generation de trajectoire individualisee - Google Patents

Systeme et methode de generation de trajectoire individualisee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005079179A1
WO2005079179A1 PCT/US2004/001390 US2004001390W WO2005079179A1 WO 2005079179 A1 WO2005079179 A1 WO 2005079179A1 US 2004001390 W US2004001390 W US 2004001390W WO 2005079179 A1 WO2005079179 A1 WO 2005079179A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
real
trajectory
data
aircraft
time
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/001390
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bradley Cornell
John A. Brown
William M. Fischer
David W. Massy-Greene
Robert W. Mead
Craig J. Roberts
Original Assignee
The Boeing Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Boeing Company filed Critical The Boeing Company
Priority to PCT/US2004/001390 priority Critical patent/WO2005079179A1/fr
Publication of WO2005079179A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005079179A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/003—Flight plan management
    • G08G5/0034—Assembly of a flight plan

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to aircraft traffic management systems and more particularly to the generation of trajectories for aircraft operating in an airspace.
  • air traffic controllers direct aircraft operating in the local airspace by providing them with headings and altitudes (i.e., vectors). Accordingly, the air traffic controllers are able to build departure and arrival paths for departing and approaching aircraft that will allow the airspace to best accommodate these aircraft.
  • each aircraft operating in the airspace would be provided with a precise three-dimensional path or trajectory that includes a lateral, vertical, and speed assignments. These trajectories will enable controllers to maximize arrival and departure capacity while reducing pilot and controller workload. Trajectories will be specified by controllers in a manner that will maximize airspace utilization and ensure appropriate air traffic separation.
  • trajectory-based operations After receiving its trajectory, each aircraft then flies and monitors its own progress to ensure accurate compliance with the assigned trajectory-based clearance.
  • Studies and simulations have demonstrated the procedural viability and utility of such trajectory-based operations.
  • all of the current proposals for trajectory-based operations require the costly retrofitting of expensive equipment on thousands of aircraft.
  • These financial disincentives stand as substantial obstacles to airline participation with any of the existing trajectory-based air traffic proposals, even after considering the substantial long-term benefits that these approaches might provide.
  • a trajectory-based operational concept will not be practical unless it can be economically implemented in service.
  • the present invention prcrvides a system for generating tailored trajectories for aircraft operating in a local airspace.
  • the system includes a trajectory generation program r which operates with existing avionics widely used by aircraft today.
  • the system receives real-time weather data from one or more of the aircraft operating in the local airspace and stores the real-time data in a medium accessible to the trajectory generation program.
  • the real-time weather data is loaded into a weather database where it is smoothed and then analyzed by the trajectory generation program.
  • the trajectory generation program accesses real-time flight characteristics data associated with a corresponding aircraft to generate a trajectory for the corresponding aircraft that is at least partially tailored to the real-time weather and flight characteristics data.
  • the system integrates and leverages existing airborne resources (e.g., data link capability, flight management computers) and systems rather than requiring new equipment and the significant investment and retrofitting costs associated therewith. Accordingly, the system enables trajectory-based flight management to be implemented in a financially practical manner.
  • Figure 1 is a high-level, block diagram of a tailored trajectory generation system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a system 10 for generating tailored trajectories 12 for aircraft 14 operating in a local airspace according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system 14 includes a trajectory generation program or software module 16 and a real-time weather database 22 that is created and/or updated with realtime data 28 (e.g., weather data 36) transmitted to the system 10 by the various aircraft 14 operating in the local airspace.
  • the system 10 also includes an aircraft adaptation database 32 that contains flight characteristics data 37 for each of the various aircraft types and models that might be operating in the local airspace.
  • the system 10 receives the real-time data 28 from the aircraft 14 and stores the real-time data 28 in a medium (e.g., weather database 22) that is accessible to the trajectory generation program 16.
  • the weather database 22 is composed of real-time weather data, which are cross-related and analyzed to create a wind model for the local airspace.
  • the trajectory generation program 16 accesses the databases 22 and 32 via a suitable communications bus 34 to generate a three-dimensional clearance or trajectory 12 for each aircraft 14 operating in the local airspace.
  • the system 10 then sends or transmits the trajectory 12 to the corresponding aircraft 14.
  • each aircraft 14 flies and monitors its own progress on the trajectory 12 to ensure compliance with the waypoints 13 and associated flight constraints 15, such as altitude and/or speed restrictions, along the trajectory path 12.
  • the waypoints 13 and associated altitude and/or speed restrictions 15 may be specified by air traffic control as generated by the trajectory generation program 16.
  • Each aircraft's 14 compliance with the defined trajectory 12 ensures maximum use of airspace capacity and aircraft operating efficiency while reducing pilot and controller workload.
  • the system 10 integrates and leverages existing resources, data link capability, and flight management computers and systems (e.g., onboard aircraft sensors 30, flight management computers 50, bi-directional data links 52, etc.) rather than requiring new equipment and the significant investment and retrofitting costs associated therewith.
  • the system 10 enables trajectory-based flight management in a financially practical manner, as is later described in greater detail herein.
  • the real-time weather database 22 of the system 10 will now be discussed in more detail. Because air temperature and wind must be accounted for in trajectory calculations to ensure that the aircraft 14 can accurately conform to the desired trajectory and meet ATC-specified requirements, the weather database 22 preferably includes three-dimensional real-time temperature and wind models 24 and 26 of the local airspace. [0019] To maintain (i.e., create and/or update) the real-time weather database 22, existing sensors 30 on board the various aircraft 14 continuously measure certain weather-related phenomena 36 (e.g., wind speed, wind direction, temperature, among others) transmitted by the aircraft 14 to the system 10.
  • certain weather-related phenomena 36 e.g., wind speed, wind direction, temperature, among others
  • the system 10 In response to the weather data 36 it is receiving, the system 10 then creates and/or updates, and thus maintains, the highly accurate weather model stored in the weather database 22 for the local airspace.
  • the system 10 By providing the system 10 with access to real-time weather conditions via the database 22, the system 10 is able to generate more accurate trajectories and to refine the trajectories as required by changing weather conditions, both of which allow for more accurate arrival and departure times.
  • wind and temperature data from other sources and other weather and/or environmental conditions may also be included within the weather database 22.
  • the weather database 22 may also include information or data pertaining to visibility (e.g., foggy, cloudy, etc.), precipitation (rain, hail, snow, freezing rain, etc.), among others.
  • the system 10 further includes the aircraft adaptation database 32.
  • the aircraft adaptation database 32 contains flight characteristics data 37 for a wide range of aircraft types and models. Accordingly, the system 10 also receives data 38 from each aircraft 14 that allows the system 10 to identify the type of aircraft for which a particular trajectory 12 is being generated and thus to locate within the aircraft adaptation database 32 the particular flight characteristics data 37 associated with the corresponding aircraft 14.
  • the system 10 is thus able to generate a trajectory 12 that is at least partially tailored or optimized for the aircraft's 14 flight characteristics at the prevailing weight and configuration and in the prevailing environment.
  • the system 10 may also receive the current operating conditions for each aircraft 14. For example, the system 10 may receive data from each aircraft 14 providing the aircraft's weight 40, position 42, speed 44, heading 46, and altitude 48, among other operating conditions.
  • the trajectory generation program 16 may be embodied in computer-readable program code stored in one or more computer-readable storage media operatively associated with the system 10.
  • the trajectory generation module 16 may comprise program code for accessing the weather and adaptation databases 22 and 32 and for generating the trajectories 12.
  • the computer-readable program code described herein can be conventionally programmed using any of a wide range of suitable computer-readable programming languages that are now known in the art or that may be developed in the future.
  • the computer-readable programming language comprising the trajectory generation module 16 is a cross-platform compatible computer language.
  • the computer-readable program code described herein can include one or more functions, routines, subfunctions, and subroutines, and may be combined in a single package or embodied in separate components.
  • the computer-readable program code may be a stand-alone application, or may be a plug-in module for an existing application and/or operating system. Alternatively, the computer-readable program code may be integrated into an application or operating system. In yet another embodiment, the computer-readable program code may reside in one or more network devices (not shown), such as an administrator terminal, a server, etc.
  • the trajectory generation module 16 includes a lateral navigation algorithm 18, a vertical navigation algorithm 20, and a combining algorithm 21. In operation, the lateral navigation algorithm 18 generates a lateral clearance portion of the trajectory 12, and the vertical navigation algorithm 20 generates a vertical clearance portion of the trajectory 12.
  • the combining algorithm 21 uses both the lateral and vertical clearance portions combined with the real-time weather data 24 and 26 and the aircraft database information 37 to produce a single trajectory-based clearance readable by flight management computers.
  • the combining algorithm 21 transforms the lateral and vertical clearance portions into a format encompassing specific waypoint positions and associated flight constraints 15 (e.g., altitude and/or speed constraints) which can be transmitted directly into aircraft Flight Management Systems.
  • flight constraints 15 e.g., altitude and/or speed constraints
  • Each trajectory 12 generated by the system 10 is at least partially tailored or customized to the individual aircraft model and its current operating conditions so that each aircraft 14 can comply with its trajectory 12 while using optimized speeds and vertical and horizontal flight paths. Accordingly, each aircraft 14 can thus substantially comply with the trajectory- based clearance issued by ATC with minimal fuel consumption, emission, and noise production.
  • the system 10 calculates dynamic, fuel-efficient and conflict-free departure and arrival paths 12 for the various aircraft 14 operating in the local airspace.
  • Each trajectory 12 upon generation is in a format that is compatible with the existing flight management computers (FMC) 50 on board the aircraft 14.
  • the system 10 is thus able to uplink or send each trajectory 12 directly to the FMC 50 of the corresponding aircraft 14 via existing ATC data link capabilities and applications such as bi-directional data link 52. Loading the trajectories 12 directly into the FMCs 50 via the data link 52 enables the aircraft 14 to consistently execute complex clearances with a high degree of accuracy, reduces associated pilot and controller workload, and reduces the chance of flight technical/operational errors.
  • the bi-directional data link 52 through which the aircraft 14 and system 10 communicate may be compatible with the current industry standard ACARS (Aircraft Condition and Reporting , System).
  • ACARS Aircraft Condition and Reporting , System
  • the present invention is not limited to any particular data linking system.
  • the system 10 may also include an output component 54 (e.g., graphical display, etc.) suitable for displaying or outputting the trajectories to an air traffic controller. The system 10 will output the trajectories 12 of the approaching and departing aircraft in a unified, easy-to-interpret three-dimensional graphical representation over time.
  • the system 10 further includes an interface 58 and an input device 56.
  • the interface 58 and input and output components 56 and 54 allow for user-interaction with the system 10 and thus user-refinement of trajectories.
  • the present invention also provides a method for generating tailored trajectories for aircraft operating in an airspace.
  • the method comprises: receiving real-time data from various aircraft operating in the airspace; accessing flight characteristics data associated with a corresponding aircraft and the real time data; and generating a trajectory for the corresponding aircraft, with the trajectory being at least partially tailored to the flight characteristics data and the real-time data.
  • the method also includes uplinking the trajectory directly to a flight management computer on board the corresponding aircraft. Additionally, the method may also include accessing updated real-time data received from any one of the aircraft operating in the airspace, and then refining the trajectory of the corresponding aircraft, as needed. [0033] The method also includes collecting, distributing, and using real-time weather data to generate and refine trajectories. As described earlier, sensors on board the various arriving and departing aircraft acquire the real-time weather data. While the real-time weather data are being received, the system 10 generates and continuously updates an accurate, localized weather database 22 that includes the three-dimensional real-time temperature and wind grids 24 and 26 representative of the airspace.
  • the system 10 is able to provide a high fidelity localized real-time weather model 22.
  • the weather model 22 may then be accessed during the trajectory calculations or refinement because accurate weather data are key components that must be considered to ensure that each aircraft is able to conform to its trajectory and meet ATC-specified requirements.
  • the present invention provides systems and methods that generate tailored trajectories for aircraft operating in a local airspace in a financially practical and environmentally sensitive manner.
  • the present invention instead integrates and exploits the capabilities of existing resources (e.g., data links, flight management computers and systems, etc.) to eliminate, or at least substantially reduce, operator required startup capital and retrofit costs.
  • existing resources e.g., data links, flight management computers and systems, etc.
  • the present invention may be employed as a key sub-component in a local, national, and/or global air traffic management system and thus enable widespread operational participation by a variety of aircraft types without significant operator investment.
  • the present invention also provides at least the following advantages over the current vector-based air traffic management systems: • Increased air traffic capacity; • Improved aircraft and airport operating efficiency; • Reduced pilot workload; • Reduced number of air traffic controller instructions to aircraft, thus reducing air traffic controller workload; • Increased capability to handle additional aircraft due to reduced air traffic controller workload; • Reduced and/or redirected noise and other emissions allowing air traffic to be increased with less environmental impact; • Increased safety through greater predictability, accuracy, and error reduction in day-to-day operations; and • Reduced voice channel congestion.
  • the present invention is expected to be highly beneficial to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), passenger and cargo aircraft operators, airports, pilots, controllers, general aviation users, business jet operators and the military. Some of the benefits and advantages provided by the present invention will now be discussed in greater detail.
  • FAA Federal Aviation Administration
  • the precise trajectory information provided by the present invention will result in a better flow of air traffic and allow for increased air traffic capacity.
  • the present invention should significantly raise awareness of the many system participants in the air traffic environment. Safety factors are also enhanced due to the level of precision to which aircraft can adhere to of the flight paths generated by the present invention.
  • Implementation of the present invention will also allow for tighter separation standards to be used, which in turn will significantly and safely increase capacity in the air traffic system.
  • the present invention provides more accurate forecasts of traffic volume and real-time flight planning tools that allow for fast- forward simulation of system flows to evaluate potential consequences of flight plans and changes thereto.
  • flight plans can quickly become outdated as weather or air traffic control actions force schedule and routing changes.
  • dynamic replanning capabilities are significantly advanced and more rapid responses may be made to situational changes, thereby greatly reducing delays and cancellations.
  • the system 10 also provides alternative routes for air traffic control to pass to aircraft in the event of conflicts, such as severe weather. Once the suggested routes are approved, each aircraft can fly along its updated trajectory in lieu of its previously determined trajectory.
  • the real-time features e.g., real-time detection, response and consequence management
  • enhance flight safety is another beneficial real-time feature of the present invention.
  • Another beneficial real-time feature of the present invention is the graphical representation of the aircraft paths 12 in three dimensions over time. This feature allows controllers to more readily identify and anticipate potential conflicts and thus take appropriate strategic action in response thereto. For example, air traffic controllers and managers may use such accurate aircraft monitoring to take action that alleviates congestion around crowded airports at peak times.
  • current systems are more akin to tactical reaction than strategic action as air traffic controllers must track aircraft as moving dots on a flat display while mentally creating a three-dimensional mental picture of the complex, changing airspace projected in time.
  • the present invention can also be used to provide relatively immediate notification of potentially hazardous weather phenomena such as clear air turbulence. For example, a pilot encountering clear air turbulence reports the incident to the system, and the system then notifies and warns other pilots in the area. Accordingly, another layer of safety is added to flying because flight crews can use up-to-the-minute information to deal with unseen and potentially dangerous conditions.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système pour générer des trajectoires individualisées pour un avion navigant dans un espace aérien. Ce système comprend un programme de génération de trajectoires. Lors de son fonctionnement, le système reçoit des données en temps réel à partir d'avions variés naviguant dans l'espace aérien et stocke les données en temps réel sur un support accessible au programme de génération de trajectoires. Le programme de génération de trajectoires accède aux données en temps réel et aux données de caractéristiques de vol associées à un avion correspondant pour générer une trajectoire pour l'avion correspondant, la trajectoire étant au moins partiellement effectuée de manière individualisée par rapport aux données en temps réel et aux données des caractéristiques de vol.
PCT/US2004/001390 2004-01-20 2004-01-20 Systeme et methode de generation de trajectoire individualisee WO2005079179A1 (fr)

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PCT/US2004/001390 WO2005079179A1 (fr) 2004-01-20 2004-01-20 Systeme et methode de generation de trajectoire individualisee

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Cited By (8)

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EP2290636A1 (fr) * 2009-08-26 2011-03-02 The Boeing Company Sélection dynamique de la météorologie
EP2381432A1 (fr) * 2010-04-22 2011-10-26 BAE SYSTEMS plc Procédés et systèmes de programmation des vols
WO2011132002A3 (fr) * 2010-04-22 2011-12-15 Bae Systems Plc Procédés et systèmes de préparation des plans de vol
EP1995706A3 (fr) * 2007-05-15 2012-11-14 The Boeing Company Systèmes et procédés pour recommandations de révision de trajectoire de vol préférée sur le plan opérationnel, avec vérification de conflit en temps réel
US8416099B2 (en) 2009-08-26 2013-04-09 The Boeing Company Dynamic environmental information transmission
EP2245566A4 (fr) * 2008-02-13 2013-09-04 Boeing Co Optimisation d'un plan de vol d'avion pour la minimisation des émissions
CN103680214A (zh) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-26 波音公司 优化的飞行方案管理系统
CN114664123A (zh) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-24 南京航空航天大学 一种用于管制扇区岗位的动态配置方法

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EP1995706A3 (fr) * 2007-05-15 2012-11-14 The Boeing Company Systèmes et procédés pour recommandations de révision de trajectoire de vol préférée sur le plan opérationnel, avec vérification de conflit en temps réel
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CN114664123A (zh) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-24 南京航空航天大学 一种用于管制扇区岗位的动态配置方法
CN114664123B (zh) * 2022-03-25 2024-02-13 南京航空航天大学 一种用于管制扇区岗位的动态配置方法

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