Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W8/00—Network data management
  • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
  • H04W8/08—Mobility data transfer
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
  • H04W92/02—Inter-networking arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
  • H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
  • H04W92/24—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between backbone network devices

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an optimized method, apparatus and network arrangement for establishing calls in a communications network comprising a fixed network section and a mobile network section. More particularly, the present invention relates to an optimized method, apparatus and network arrangement for facilitating PSTN originating mobile terminating calls (MTCs) not requiring a gateway node.
• MTCs PSTN originating mobile terminating calls
• Modern communications networks generally carry two types of traffic or data.
• the first is the traffic which is transmitted by or delivered to a user or subscriber, and which is usually paid for by the user. That type of traffic is widely known as user traffic or subscriber traffic.
• the second is the traffic caused by network management applications in sending and receiving management data from network elements, known as management traffic.
• the management traffic is also known as signaling traffic.
• signaling traffic refers to the exchange of signaling messages between various network elements such as database servers, local exchanges, transit exchanges and user terminals.
• a well known protocol for transferring such signaling messages is the Signaling System 7 (SS7) , also referred to as Common Channel Signaling System 7 (CCS7) .
• SS7 Signaling System 7
• CCS7 Common Channel Signaling System 7
• the Signaling System 7 as specified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the Q.700-series standards provides for all signaling tasks in today's telecommunications networks. More specifically, SS7 provides for example for: basic call setup, management, and tear down; enhanced call features such as call forwarding, calling party name/number display, and three-way calling; - accounting and billing; - database operations for services such as authentication, roaming, toll-free services and special tariff services; network management for the SS7 network and its connections; and non-call related signaling, allowing for services such as short message service (SMS) , ISDN Supplementary Services and user-to-user signaling (UUS) .
• SMS short message service
• UUS user-to-user signaling
• the Signaling System 7 forms an independent network, in which SS7 messages are exchanged between network elements over bidirectional channels called signaling links . Signaling occurs out-of-band on dedicated channels rather than in-band on channels reserved for user traffic such as voice. Compared to in-band signaling, out-of-band signaling provides: faster call setup times; - more efficient use of voice circuits; and - support for Intelligent Network (IN) services which require signaling to network elements without voice trunks (e.g., database systems).
• IN Intelligent Network
• Point codes are carried in signaling messages exchanged between signaling points to identify the source and destination of each message.
• Each signaling point uses a routing table to select the appropriate signaling path for each message.
• SSPs Service Switching Points
• STPs Signaling Transfer Points
• SCPs Service Control Points
• SSPs are switches that originate, terminate, or tandem calls.
• An SSP sends signaling messages to other SSPs to setup, manage, and release voice circuits required to complete a call.
• An SSP may also send a query message to a centralized database (an SCP) to determine how to route a call (e.g., a toll-free call) .
• An SCP sends a response to the originating SSP containing the routing number (s) associated with the dialed number.
• Network traffic between signaling points may be routed via signaling transfer points (STPs) .
• STPs signaling transfer points
• An STP routes each incoming message to an outgoing signaling link based on routing information contained in the SS7 message. Because it acts as a network hub, an STP provides improved utilization of the SS7 network by eliminating the need for direct links between signaling points .
• An STP may perform global title translation, a procedure by which the destination signaling point is determined from digits present in the signaling message (e.g., the dialed 800 number, calling card number, or mobile subscriber identification number) .
• PSTN public switched telephone network
• P MN public land mobile network
• FIG. 1 A typical network setup involving a PSTN 100 and a PLMN 150 is schematically shown in Fig. 1.
• Multiple PSTN switches or exchanges 102A..D represent the network nodes of PSTN 100. Between PSTN switches 102A..D there are provided voice and data trunks 104A..F for carrying subscriber traffic. At least one STP 120 is provided for routing the signaling traffic as explained above. All PSTN switches 102A..D are connected to STP 120 via signaling links or linksets 106A..D.
• An exemplary PSTN subscriber 110 is assumed to be connected to a first PSTN switch 102A.
• Fig. 1 is comprised of several PLMN switches, known in the art as mobile switching centers MSC 152A..C. Between MSCs 152A..C there are provided voice and data trunks 154A..C for carrying subscriber traffic.
• the exemplary, simplified arrangement of Fig. 1 is such that the PSTN section 100 and the PLMN section 150 share the STP 120. Consequently, all MSCs 152A..C are connected to STP 120 via signaling links or linksets 156A..C.
• An exemplary mobile subscriber 160 is assumed to be currently served by a first MSC 152A.
• the PLMN section 150 further requires at least one database (which may be considered to functionally be an SCP) in which subscriber information is stored. That database is known as the home location register HLR 158 and connected to the signaling network via link/linkset 156D.
• 152A..C have the ability to query PLMN databases to determine, the MSC currently serving a called mobile subscriber, PSTN switches do not have that ability, necessitating a network arrangement involving one or more G-MSCs to which all mobile terminated calls (MTC) , i.e. calls to mobile subscribers, that originate in the PSTN are routed, such as the call represented by dashed line or path 130.
• MTC mobile terminated calls
• a call from PSTN subscriber 110 to mobile subscriber 160 is considered.
• Fig. 2 shows a detailed call setup procedure for setting up a call from PSTN subscriber 110 (also referenced as “A"-subscriber) to mobile subscriber 160 (also referenced as “B”-subscriber) .
• the called party number "b" which in this case is a MSISDN, is transferred from the calling party's terminal "A” by means of SETUP and IAM messages to the G-MSC 152C (steps 200-204) .
• an interrogation message is generated and sent to the appropriate HLR 158 (step 206) , which in turn requests a roaming number from the visited MSC (i.e.
• step 208 the MSC currently serving the called mobile subscriber
• This roaming number is provided to the HLR and from there to the G-MSC (steps 210-212) .
• the G-MSC then initiates a call setup to the called party using said roaming number (steps 214- 216) .
• the called terminal if ready to receive calls, will alert the subscriber, and an alerting notification will be transferred to the calling subscriber (steps 218-226) .
• a speech path 130 is established by signaling ANSWER messages correspondingly through the network (steps 228-236) .
• a network arrangement as shown in Fig. 1 has several disadvantages .
• a speech path 130 will traverse multiple PSTN switches and MSCs before reaching the MSC currently serving the called mobile subscriber. Consequently, resources will have to be allocated in all exchanges along speech path 130.
• the G-MSCs 152C handles all traffic between PSTN 100 and PLMN 150, these switches carry a high traffic load and,' for each trunk connected to PSTN 100, require a corresponding trunk to another MSC.
• a method for establishing calls in a communications network comprising a fixed network section and a mobile network section, the method comprising the steps of:
• the determination if a called party addressed by said called party address is a mobile called party served by the mobile network section may be made by any fixed network switch, including the fixed network switch serving the calling party.
• the number portability mechanism is advantageously used for determining calls to mobile called party addresses and routing queries associated with such calls to a centralized node.
• a centralized node needs to have the capability to perform the necessary query to the mobile network home location register (HLR) .
• HLR mobile network home location register
• the inventive centralized node only handles the signaling involved with querying the HLR. Therefore, the load at the inventive centralized node will be significantly less than that at a prior art G-MSC, which additionally handles all trunk traffic (voice and data) .
• a suitable centralized node is a signaling transfer point (STP) in combination with a number portability (NP) database.
• STP signaling transfer point
• NP number portability
• an intelligent network (IN) function is used for determining calls to mobile called party addresses and routing queries associated with such calls to a centralized node, wherein the centralized node is an SCP in the fixed network section.
• a STP of a SS7 network comprising: means for bidirectionally connecting to a plurality of SS7 links, each of said SS7 links linking the STP to other SS7 entities; - means for receiving a number portability query from a fixed network section of the network; means for querying a number portability database for determining if a called party address received in a number portability query is a mobile called party served by a mobile network section of the network;
• the STP and the NP database may be comprised in one network node.
• a network arrangement for a communications network comprising: a fixed network section, the fixed network section comprising: a plurality of subscriber terminals; a plurality of fixed network switches; voice connections for interconnecting the fixed network switches; and signaling connections for connecting the fixed network switches to at least one signaling transfer point; - a mobile network section, the mobile network section comprising: a plurality of mobile subscriber terminals; a plurality of mobile network switches; voice connections for interconnecting the mobile network switches; a home location register; and signaling connections for connecting the mobile network switches and the home location register to at least one signaling transfer point; the fixed network section further comprising a fixed network node capable of initiating queries to and receiving responses from the home location register of the mobile network section; wherein at least one or all of the fixed network switches comprise: means for determining if a call originating in the fixed network section is terminating in the mobile network section; means for routing signaling messages associated with the establishment of a call terminating in the mobile network
• G-MSCs in prior networks are highly loaded network elements which were expensive to set up and maintain because every voice connection between the fixed network or PSTN and the mobile network or PLMN was routed via a G-MSC, which in turn had to have enough trunks to a large number of PSTN switches and MSCs to support the desired number of successful call attempts.
• That advantage is achieved without modifying the present PSTN switches, provided these switches support some database mechanism that allows them to send queries to a central node. Examples of such mechanisms are the number portability mechanism or the intelligent network mechanism. Then, the required modifications at the PSTN switches are limited to modifying the databases that control these mechanisms which is a simple network management task. Only one or, (in larger or redundant network configurations) a few central nodes need to have the capability to query the HLR. In that lies a substantial advantage over a (theoretically possible) solution of enabling every PSTN switch to query the HLR directly. Such a theoretical solution would require modifications in every PSTN switch, whereas the present invention does not require any such modifications in the PSTN switches .
• a suitable central node is a Signaling Transfer Point STP.
• the present invention is particularly useful in communications networks comprising a PSTN section and a PLMN section which are owned by one operator.
• a PSTN section and a PLMN section which are owned by one operator.
• the few additional benefits of a G-MSC this for example may be acting as a network boundary element where calls can be screened and monitored and which may therefore provide network security and overload control functions, have no value.
• Such an operator can manage the network in its entirety more effectively.
• Fig. 1 shows an exemplary prior art network arrangement involving a G-MSC for routing calls from a PSTN to a PLMN.
• Fig. 2 shows an exemplary message flow in a network arrangement according to Fig. 1.
• Fig. 3 shows an exemplary network arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
• Fig. 4 shows an exemplary message flow in a network arrangement according to Fig. 3.
• Fig. 5 shows an exemplary message flow in a network arrangement similar to that of Fig. 3 involving an intelligent network service control point.
• Fig. 6 shows another exemplary message flow in a network arrangement according to Fig. 3.
• Figs. 1 and 2 schematically show a typical network setup involving a PSTN 100 and a PLMN 150 and a corresponding message flow for the setup of a call originating in the PSTN 100 and terminating in the PLMN 150, where the call setup and the established call involve a G-MSC 152C.
• FIG. 3 there is shown one preferred embodiment of a network arrangement in accordance with the present invention.
• the network arrangement of Fig. 3 again involves a PSTN 300 and a PLMN 350.
• Multiple PSTN switches or exchanges 302A..D represent the network nodes of PSTN 300.
• PSTN switches 302A..D there are provided voice and data trunks 304A..F for carrying subscriber traffic.
• At least one STP 320 is provided for routing the signaling traffic. All PSTN switches 302A..D are connected to STP 320 via signaling links or linksets 306A..D.
• the exemplary PSTN subscriber 110 is assumed to be connected to a first PSTN switch 302A.
• the PLMN section 350 of the network arrangement as shown in Fig. 3 is comprised of several PLMN switches, known in the art as mobile switching centers MSC 352A..C. Between MSCs 352A..C there are provided voice and data trunks 354A..C for carrying subscriber traffic.
• the exemplary, simplified arrangement of Fig. 3 is such that the PSTN section 300 and the PLMN section 350 share the STP 320. Consequently, all MSCs 352A..C are connected to STP 320 via signaling links or linksets 356A..C.
• the exemplary mobile subscriber 160 is assumed to be currently served by a first MSC 352A.
• the PLMN section 350 further requires at least one database in which subscriber information is stored.
• That database is known as the home location register HLR 358 and connected to the signaling network via link/linkset 356D. Note that in a network arrangement according to the invention there is no longer a single point of entry into PLMN 350 for calls originating in PSTN 300.
• trunks are provided between selected or all PSTN switches and MSCs, as shown by the exemplary trunks 322, 324, 326, 328 and 329. Since the MSC 352C is not acting as a G-MSC, the bandwidth of voice and data connections 322 may be configured to be much smaller than that of voice and data connection 122 of Fig. 1.
• STP 320 is connected to a number portability database 340, for example by means of signaling links - not shown.
• number portability database 340 may be implemented in STP 320.
• Fig. 4 shows a detailed call setup procedure for setting up a call from PSTN subscriber 110 (also referenced as "A"- subscriber) to mobile subscriber 160 (also referenced as “B”- subscriber) .
• the called party number "b" which in this case is a MSISDN, is recognized in the first PSTN switch 302A as a potentially ported number. Therefore, by means of signaling messages, the first PSTN switch 302A queries the number portability (NP) database 340 (step 402) .
• NP number portability
• the NP database 340 or STP 320 in case of a NP database 340 integrated into STP 320, then generates an interrogation message and sends it to the appropriate HLR 358 (step 406) , which in turn requests a roaming number from the visited MSC (i.e. the MSC currently serving the called mobile subscriber) (step 408) .
• This roaming number is provided to HLR 358 and from there to NP database 340 (steps 410-412) .
• the NP database then transfers the received roaming number as a response to the NP query to the first PSTN switch 302A (step 413) .
• the PSTN switch then initiates a call setup to the called party using said roaming number (steps 414-416) .
• the called mobile terminal if ready to receive calls, will alert the subscriber, and an alerting notification will be transferred to the calling subscriber (steps 418-426) .
• a speech/data path 330 is established by signaling ANSWER messages correspondingly through the network (steps 428-436) .
• MTCs mobile terminated calls
• the mechanism for number portability can be used by administratively treating all MTCs as calls to potentially ported subscribers and then, at the NP database or at an STP configured to comprise a NP database, query the HLR and return the roaming number as a result to the origination of the NP query.
• the NP database can also be locally attached, i.e., implemented at each PSTN switch or at a selected number of PSTN switches .
• the database changes required in the PSTN switches are minimal and achieved by a one time administrative change.
• the E.164 numbers that previously resulted in forwarding the call to a G-MSC are now flagged as "potentially ported" .
• the NP database Upon receipt of this NP query the NP database itself detects that the received E.164 number is a Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (MSISDN) that needs special treatment.
• MSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number
• the NP database sends a Send Routing Information (SRI) message to the HLR of the received called party number.
• SRI Send Routing Information
• the NP database After receiving the response from the HLR, containing among others information elements the Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) , inserts the received MSRN value in the response back to the switch that generated the query to the NP database. This information is then used by the first PSTN switch 302A to complete the routing of the call and select the proper circuits 324 directly to the MSC currently serving the mobile subscriber 160.
• MSRN Mobile Station Roaming Number
• an intelligent network (IN) function is used to determine whether a call is a MTC and what the appropriate roaming number is.
• the network arrangement is similar to that shown in Fig. 3, except that a service control point (SCP, not shown) will provide the queries to the HLR and the roaming number back to the corresponding PSTN switch.
• SCP service control point
• all calls relating to mobile subscribers can be routed to an SCP based on a common attribute shared among all mobile subscriber addresses, such as, for example, the mobile number address prefix or other address space properties.
• FIG. 5 shows a detailed call setup procedure for setting up a call from PSTN subscriber 110 to mobile subscriber 160 ("B"-subscriber) .
• the called party number "b" which in this case is a MSISDN, is recognized in the first PSTN switch 302A as a number requiring IN handling. Therefore, by means of signaling messages, the first PSTN switch 302A queries an intelligent network service control point (step 502) .
• the SCP then generates an interrogation message and sends it to the appropriate HLR (step 506) , which in turn requests a roaming number from the visited MSC (i.e.
• the MSC currently serving the called mobile subscriber (step 508) .
• This roaming number is provided to the HLR and from there to the SCP (steps 510-512) .
• the SCP then transfers the received roaming number as a response to the IN query to the first PSTN switch 302A (step 513) .
• the PSTN switch then initiates a call setup to the called party using said roaming number (steps 514-516) .
• the called mobile terminal if ready to receive calls, will alert the subscriber, and an alerting notification will be transferred to the calling subscriber (steps 518-526) .
• the speech/data path is established by signaling ANSWER messages correspondingly through the network (steps 528-536) .
• This embodiment of the invention is particularly useful if the PSTN switches do not support number portability. Calls to an E.164 number assigned to a mobile subscriber result in an IN trigger where the received called party number is sent to a Service Control Point (SCP) using INAP messages. The steps performed at the SCP are similar to those at the NP database.
• SCP Service Control Point
• neither the NP nor the IN mechanisms are employed to query the HLR.
• all signaling is routed via a central STP 320 (or a set of STPs, not shown) , which is a standard setup in today's telecommunications networks.
• This STP 320 intercept IAM messages containing E.164 numbers assigned to the PLMN section and then invokes an HLR interrogation.
• the ISUP procedure called "crank-back" is invoked, which is a standard procedure used to perform a rudimentary form of number portability support.
• the intercepting STP 320 responds to the IAM message with a Clear (CLR) message providing the originating PSTN switch with the MSRN for the called mobile number.
• CLR Clear
• Fig. 6 shows an exemplary call setup procedure for setting up a call from PSTN subscriber 110 to mobile subscriber 160 ("B"-subscriber) , wherein the STP intercepts the IAM.
• the called party number "b" which in this case is a MSISDN, is transferred in an ISUP Initial Address Message (IAM) to STP 320 (step 602) .
• IAM ISUP Initial Address Message
• STP 320 intercepts said IAM (step 603) upon recognizing the called party address as a mobile called party address and then generates an interrogation message and sends it to the appropriate HLR (step 606) , which in turn requests a roaming number from the visited MSC (i.e.
• the MSC currently serving the called mobile subscriber (step 608) .
• This roaming number is provided to the HLR and from there to the SCP (steps 610-612) .
• the STP then transfers the received roaming number by means of a CLR message to the first PSTN switch 302A (step 613) .
• the PSTN switch then initiates a call setup to the called party using said roaming number (steps 614-616) .
• the called mobile terminal if ready to receive calls, will alert the subscriber, and an alerting notification will be transferred to the calling subscriber (steps 618-626) .
• the speech/data path is established by signaling ANSWER messages correspondingly through the network (steps 628-636) .
• calls may be routed to a PSTN switch capable of database operations first, from which a MTC is then most directly routed to the PLMN section.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
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• 2004
  • 2004-01-13 DE DE602004005148T patent/DE602004005148T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-01-13 EP EP04000560A patent/EP1555844B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-12-06 US US10/559,863 patent/US20070140158A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-12-06 WO PCT/EP2004/053284 patent/WO2005069669A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2004-12-06 CA CA002528678A patent/CA2528678A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-12-06 CN CN200480015887.6A patent/CN1802870A/zh active Pending

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