WO2005058014A1 - Fruit ripening method and liquid coating composition - Google Patents

Fruit ripening method and liquid coating composition Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005058014A1
WO2005058014A1 PCT/AU2004/001720 AU2004001720W WO2005058014A1 WO 2005058014 A1 WO2005058014 A1 WO 2005058014A1 AU 2004001720 W AU2004001720 W AU 2004001720W WO 2005058014 A1 WO2005058014 A1 WO 2005058014A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating composition
light reflective
liquid coating
fruit
binder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2004/001720
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Graham Strachan
Original Assignee
Ultimate Nominees Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2003906973A external-priority patent/AU2003906973A0/en
Application filed by Ultimate Nominees Pty Ltd filed Critical Ultimate Nominees Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2005058014A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005058014A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/004—Reflecting paints; Signal paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
    • C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
    • C09D5/028—Pigments; Filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping

Definitions

  • This invention relates to coating compositions and in particular to light reflective liquid coating compositions that may be applied to soil or foliar substrates to form a light reflective film.
  • the invention also relates to methods of ripening fruit.
  • blankets are spread on the ground or suspended above the ground, usually during the fruit ripening phase, and they reflect sunlight onto the shaded underside of the tree canopy. In addition to assisting in uniform ripening, they may also help to ripen the fruit more quickly.
  • the blankets may be made from woven synthetic fibre or other materials such as silver paper. If the blanket is spread on the ground, it must be secured by means of bricks or other heavy objects. At the end of the season the bricks or other heavy objects are removed and the blanket is cleaned and rolled up for the next season, provided that it is still in good condition. Damage to the blanket may occur from tractors or other equipment, or from ultra violet light. The labour component in laying out and packing up the blanket is quite high. It would be desirable to provide an improved method of ripening fruit.
  • a light reflective liquid coating composition comprising micronised calcium carbonate, a binder, a dispersant and thickener.
  • the dispersant is anionic and more preferably it is an anionic carboxylic polymer.
  • the binder is a polymer latex. More preferably the polymer latex is a degradable polymer.
  • the polymer latex is a styrene butadiene copolymer.
  • the liquid coating composition comprises (on a non- volatile basis): micronised calcium carbonate 30-99% w/w styrene butadiene latex 0.5 - 10% w/w dispersant 0.1 - 2% w/w
  • the invention provides in an alternative form a rain-fast light reflective film formed by applying a liquid coating composition comprising (on a non- volatile basis): micronised calcium carbonate 30-99% w/w styrene butadiene latex 0.5 - 10% w/w dispersant 0.1 - 2% w/w
  • the invention also provides a method for enhancing the ripening of fruit on plants by applying a liquid coating composition comprising suspended light reflective pigment and a binder to form a light reflective coating on the ground or foliar surface near the plants.
  • the light reflective pigment has a refractive index in the range 1.4 to 2.6 and more preferably in the range 1.4 to 1.8.
  • the mean particle size of the light reflective pigment is less than 15 ⁇ m and more preferably less than 5 ⁇ m.
  • the liquid coating composition is spray applied at a rate of 100-500 g/square metre.
  • the particle size is typically less than 10 ⁇ m and more commonly less than 5 ⁇ m.
  • the amount used in the liquid coating composition is approximately 55% w/w although levels generally in the range 20 - 60% w/w could be used. It is important that the liquid composition has sufficient colloidal stability to prevent hard settling. If hard settling occurs on storage, this makes it difficult and time consuming to re-suspend the calcium carbonate.
  • the refractive index of calcium carbonate is 1.65.
  • Alternative reflective pigments are mica, kaolin, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. Reflective pigments that have useful soil properties are preferred and accordingly calcium carbonate is preferred.
  • the pigments may be reflective of infra-red radiation as well as visible light.
  • a mixture of reflective pigments may be used.
  • a particularly useful combination is CaCO 3 and TiO 2 in the weight ratio 10:1.
  • a weight average is used to determine the refractive index of the mixture.
  • a composition with 90% w/w CaCo and 10% rutile has a refractive index of 1.76.
  • an anionic dispersant combined with a colloid thickener to produce favourable performance.
  • the binder is important as it provides film formation and integrity to the film after removal of the water after application to the soil or substrate.
  • the preferred binders are organic binders.
  • inorganic binders such as water glass can also provide useful compositions.
  • the films prepared from the coating composition should have sufficient integrity and resistance to water to provide a reflective surface throughout the fruit ripening season. It is desirable that the compositions do not provide an impervious film as this may adversely affect the ecology and biology of the soil by excluding water, oxygen or micro-organisms.
  • Other components such as an anti-foaming agent and an anti-fungal agent may also be added without affecting the integrity of the product. None of the above components is toxic to the soil or plants. Minor amounts of other pigments may also be incorporated. However, it is preferred that high levels of certain pigments be avoided as they may lead to adverse build up in the soil.
  • Carboxylated Styrene Butadiene Copolymer (Austex 237DXI) 30.0 kg The above components were added sequentially with mechanical mixing to a stainless steel vessel. After dispersion was achieved, a stable liquid coating composition was formed. It was found to be colloidally stable for several months without significant further thickening or settling being observed. This stability feature is very important, as the product may not be applied to the soil for some time after manufacture. To apply the product, the grower may dilute the product before applying it to the soil. A preferred dilution rate is 1 part of product to 2 parts of water. Most commonly, it is then applied by a spray unit located behind a tractor. A typical application rate would be about 150 g of concentrate per square metre.
  • the liquid coating composition is typically applied from tractor drawn spray apparatus that applies approximately metre wide strips along the rows between the trees. Trials have shown that this is sufficient to provide the coverage to achieve improved performance. Trials show that the applied product is rain-fast unless very heavy downpours are experienced. However, even if some reduction occurs after heavy rain, a "top up" can be applied at a relatively low rate.
  • the use of this product is not limited to fruit trees. It may have application for any crops where more uniform or more rapid ripening is beneficial - for example, grape vines in cool climate zones. This invention provides an alternative to the existing approach. It has several key benefits:
  • the small particle size provides a very large surface area for light reflection.
  • the product When it eventually breaks down into the soil, the product provides calcium which assists in strengthening the plant cells of the trees.
  • compositions of the present invention may also be applied on greenhouse walls to reduce the amount of light admitted when not required.
  • carboxylated binders are used, the dried films are alkalai strippable. However, even when the dried coatings are not alkalai strippable, they can normally be removed by high pressure water jets.
  • the binder may also function as the dispersant.

Abstract

A method for enhancing the ripening of fruit on plants by applying a liquid coating composition comprising suspended light reflective pigment, such as calcium carbonate, mica, kaolin, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, and a binder to form a light coating on the ground or foliar surface near the plants.

Description

FRUIT RIPENING METHOD AND LIQUID COATING COMPOSITION This invention relates to coating compositions and in particular to light reflective liquid coating compositions that may be applied to soil or foliar substrates to form a light reflective film. The invention also relates to methods of ripening fruit.
Background to the Invention Commercial growers of apples, pears, stone fruit and other fruits are under increasing pressure to improve the quality uniformity of their produce. Buyers employed by supermarkets, for example, reject fruit which does not meet very tight specifications with regard to size, blemish and colour. Rejected fruit has a much lower value, being sold off for juice production or to secondary sources such as processed foods and sauces. As far as fruit colour is concerned, buyers are increasingly specifying that the colour must be uniform across the whole piece of fruit. With natural tree or plant ripening, the surface of the fruit exposed to sunlight is usually a different colour from the surface which is in the shade. Reflective blankets are available to assist in uniform ripening of tree or plant borne fruit. These blankets are spread on the ground or suspended above the ground, usually during the fruit ripening phase, and they reflect sunlight onto the shaded underside of the tree canopy. In addition to assisting in uniform ripening, they may also help to ripen the fruit more quickly. The blankets may be made from woven synthetic fibre or other materials such as silver paper. If the blanket is spread on the ground, it must be secured by means of bricks or other heavy objects. At the end of the season the bricks or other heavy objects are removed and the blanket is cleaned and rolled up for the next season, provided that it is still in good condition. Damage to the blanket may occur from tractors or other equipment, or from ultra violet light. The labour component in laying out and packing up the blanket is quite high. It would be desirable to provide an improved method of ripening fruit.
Summary of the Invention This invention provides in one form a light reflective liquid coating composition comprising micronised calcium carbonate, a binder, a dispersant and thickener. Preferably the dispersant is anionic and more preferably it is an anionic carboxylic polymer. Preferably the binder is a polymer latex. More preferably the polymer latex is a degradable polymer. Preferably the polymer latex is a styrene butadiene copolymer. Preferably the liquid coating composition comprises (on a non- volatile basis): micronised calcium carbonate 30-99% w/w styrene butadiene latex 0.5 - 10% w/w dispersant 0.1 - 2% w/w The invention provides in an alternative form a rain-fast light reflective film formed by applying a liquid coating composition comprising (on a non- volatile basis): micronised calcium carbonate 30-99% w/w styrene butadiene latex 0.5 - 10% w/w dispersant 0.1 - 2% w/w The invention also provides a method for enhancing the ripening of fruit on plants by applying a liquid coating composition comprising suspended light reflective pigment and a binder to form a light reflective coating on the ground or foliar surface near the plants. Preferably the light reflective pigment has a refractive index in the range 1.4 to 2.6 and more preferably in the range 1.4 to 1.8. Preferably the mean particle size of the light reflective pigment is less than 15 μm and more preferably less than 5 μm. Preferably the liquid coating composition is spray applied at a rate of 100-500 g/square metre.
Detailed Description of the Invention We have found the best results are obtained when the calcium carbonate is of very pure form and of micronised size. The particle size is typically less than 10 μm and more commonly less than 5 μm. The amount used in the liquid coating composition is approximately 55% w/w although levels generally in the range 20 - 60% w/w could be used. It is important that the liquid composition has sufficient colloidal stability to prevent hard settling. If hard settling occurs on storage, this makes it difficult and time consuming to re-suspend the calcium carbonate. The refractive index of calcium carbonate is 1.65. Alternative reflective pigments are mica, kaolin, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. Reflective pigments that have useful soil properties are preferred and accordingly calcium carbonate is preferred. We believe it may be beneficial for the pigments to be reflective of infra-red radiation as well as visible light. A mixture of reflective pigments may be used. A particularly useful combination is CaCO3 and TiO2 in the weight ratio 10:1. When mixtures of reflective pigments are used, a weight average is used to determine the refractive index of the mixture. Thus, a composition with 90% w/w CaCo and 10% rutile has a refractive index of 1.76. We have found an anionic dispersant combined with a colloid thickener to produce favourable performance. The binder is important as it provides film formation and integrity to the film after removal of the water after application to the soil or substrate. Satisfactory results are achieved at relatively low levels of binder and levels as low as 1 - 1 % w/w provide good performance. It is believed that some level of environmental degradability provides beneficial performance and prevents the accumulation of organic polymers in the soil. We have found that butadiene based polymer binders provide good performance. It is believed the residual unsaturation in the polymer chain provides UN instability and hence degradation. In this specification, when we refer to the polymer binder as being degradable, we mean degradable by exposure to solar radiation. The liquid composition is typically adjusted to a pH of 8 to 9 by the addition of potassium hydroxide to the liquid composition. The binders may be in chain extended, solution, form or they may be in the form of a latex. The preferred binders are organic binders. However, inorganic binders such as water glass can also provide useful compositions. Generally we prefer the films prepared from the coating composition should have sufficient integrity and resistance to water to provide a reflective surface throughout the fruit ripening season. It is desirable that the compositions do not provide an impervious film as this may adversely affect the ecology and biology of the soil by excluding water, oxygen or micro-organisms. Other components such as an anti-foaming agent and an anti-fungal agent may also be added without affecting the integrity of the product. None of the above components is toxic to the soil or plants. Minor amounts of other pigments may also be incorporated. However, it is preferred that high levels of certain pigments be avoided as they may lead to adverse build up in the soil. The invention will be further described by reference to a preferred embodiment described in the following non-limiting example. Example
Water (potable) 1000.0 kg
Sodium Polyacrylate Dispersant (RL 3509) 8.0 kg
Calcium Carbonate (average particle size 5 μm) (OMYA 5) 1300.0 kg Polyvinyl Acetate Thickener (Acrysol) (ASE 60) 38.0 kg
Potassium Hydroxide (flakes) 2.0 kg
Carboxylated Styrene Butadiene Copolymer (Austex 237DXI) 30.0 kg The above components were added sequentially with mechanical mixing to a stainless steel vessel. After dispersion was achieved, a stable liquid coating composition was formed. It was found to be colloidally stable for several months without significant further thickening or settling being observed. This stability feature is very important, as the product may not be applied to the soil for some time after manufacture. To apply the product, the grower may dilute the product before applying it to the soil. A preferred dilution rate is 1 part of product to 2 parts of water. Most commonly, it is then applied by a spray unit located behind a tractor. A typical application rate would be about 150 g of concentrate per square metre. At the diluted, ready for application stage, this equates to 450 g/square metre. The liquid coating composition is typically applied from tractor drawn spray apparatus that applies approximately metre wide strips along the rows between the trees. Trials have shown that this is sufficient to provide the coverage to achieve improved performance. Trials show that the applied product is rain-fast unless very heavy downpours are experienced. However, even if some reduction occurs after heavy rain, a "top up" can be applied at a relatively low rate. The use of this product is not limited to fruit trees. It may have application for any crops where more uniform or more rapid ripening is beneficial - for example, grape vines in cool climate zones. This invention provides an alternative to the existing approach. It has several key benefits:
• The cost per square metre is substantially below the cost of most reflecting blankets.
• It is easier to apply than blankets, requiring far less labour. • The particle size is very small (averaging 5 microns), which means that it can be applied through conventional spray equipment used by growers.
• The small particle size provides a very large surface area for light reflection.
• The "liquid blanket" will remain stable for the required period (usually a few weeks) before disintegrating.
• When it eventually breaks down into the soil, the product provides calcium which assists in strengthening the plant cells of the trees.
• There is no "clean up" cost involved at the end of the season.
The compositions of the present invention may also be applied on greenhouse walls to reduce the amount of light admitted when not required. When carboxylated binders are used, the dried films are alkalai strippable. However, even when the dried coatings are not alkalai strippable, they can normally be removed by high pressure water jets.
Since modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention may be readily effected by persons skilled in the art, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described, by way of example, hereinabove. In some formulations the binder may also function as the dispersant.

Claims

The claims defining the invention are as follows:
1. A method for enhancing the ripening of fruit on plants by applying a liquid coating composition comprising suspended light reflective pigment and a binder to form a light reflective film on the ground or foliar surface near the plants.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the light reflective pigment has a refractive index in the range 1.4 to 2.6.
3. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the light reflective pigment has a refractive index in the range 1.4 to 1.8.
4. A method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the mean particle size of the light reflective pigment is less than 15 μm.
5. A method as defined in claim 4 wherein the mean particle size of the light reflective pigment is less than 5 μm.
6. A light reflective liquid coating composition comprising micronised calcium carbonate, a binder, a dispersant and thickener.
7. A liquid coating composition as defined in claim 6 wherein the dispersant is an anionic carboxylic polymer.
8. A liquid coating composition as defined in any one of claims 6 or 7 wherein the binder is a polymer latex.
9. A liquid coating composition as defined in any one of claims 6 to 8 wherein the polymer latex is a styrene butadiene copolymer.
10. A rain-fast light reflective film formed by applying form a rain-fast light reflective film formed by applying a liquid coating composition comprising (on a non- volatile basis): micronised calcium carbonate 30-99%) w/w styrene butadiene latex 0.5 - 10% w/w dispersant 0.1 - 2% w/w
PCT/AU2004/001720 2003-12-16 2004-12-06 Fruit ripening method and liquid coating composition WO2005058014A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003906973 2003-12-16
AU2003906973A AU2003906973A0 (en) 2003-12-16 Fruit ripening method and liquid coating composition

Publications (1)

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WO2005058014A1 true WO2005058014A1 (en) 2005-06-30

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018152477A1 (en) 2017-02-17 2018-08-23 Ceres Greenhouse Solutions Llc Energy efficient greenhouse
EP1885184B1 (en) 2005-05-03 2018-11-14 Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc. Compositions comprising an agricultural particle film
WO2023288294A1 (en) 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 Novozymes A/S Compositions and methods for improving the rainfastness of proteins on plant surfaces
WO2023225459A2 (en) 2022-05-14 2023-11-23 Novozymes A/S Compositions and methods for preventing, treating, supressing and/or eliminating phytopathogenic infestations and infections
JP7467600B2 (en) 2020-03-27 2024-04-15 富士フイルム株式会社 Inkjet printing ink and inkjet printing method

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EP0928819A1 (en) * 1998-01-09 1999-07-14 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. High light reflectance and durable ceiling board coating
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1885184B1 (en) 2005-05-03 2018-11-14 Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc. Compositions comprising an agricultural particle film
WO2018152477A1 (en) 2017-02-17 2018-08-23 Ceres Greenhouse Solutions Llc Energy efficient greenhouse
EP3582607A4 (en) * 2017-02-17 2020-11-11 Ceres Greenhouse Solutions LLC Energy efficient greenhouse
JP7467600B2 (en) 2020-03-27 2024-04-15 富士フイルム株式会社 Inkjet printing ink and inkjet printing method
WO2023288294A1 (en) 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 Novozymes A/S Compositions and methods for improving the rainfastness of proteins on plant surfaces
WO2023225459A2 (en) 2022-05-14 2023-11-23 Novozymes A/S Compositions and methods for preventing, treating, supressing and/or eliminating phytopathogenic infestations and infections

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