WO2005057143A1

WO2005057143A1 - Draft (depth) measuring instrument

Info

Publication number: WO2005057143A1
Application number: PCT/JP2003/015723
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shigeru Aoki
Original assignee: Shigeru Aoki
Priority date: 2003-12-09
Filing date: 2003-12-09
Publication date: 2005-06-23
Also published as: AU2003289269A1

Abstract

Visual measurement of a vertically varying draft average value generally includes a personal error and lacks objectivity. The measurement system of the invention using conductivity of the seawater or freshwater enables fast objective measurement of the average value. A leakage circuit sensor with a simple robust structure comprises a hexadecimal number of electrodes arranged parallel and vertically in a tube. The sensor is suspended along a draft indicator of the ship-side outside plate. A DC current is applied to the sensor, and the current flows through the electrodes under water to detect the sea level. By using such sensors, the drafts varying with waves and wind are measured at a plurality of places in a predetermined time. Thus, various variations such as of the draft average value, wave period/amplitude, and hull pitching/rolling period/amplitude are determined.

Description

Description, draft (water level) measurement device

Technical field

According to the present invention, a plurality of earth leakage electronic circuits are installed in tandem on the ship's outer skin (water level scale piles of lakes, rivers, rivers and harbors) of a ship that is stopped or moored, and the draft (water level) on the ship's side (shore) The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring the vertical and horizontal swaying motion of a hull caused by external force such as generated wave period and amplitude or the movement of the center of gravity accompanying cargo handling.

Conventional technology

When unloading powdered or granular cargo such as iron ore or coal onto a ship and measuring the weight of the cargo, the draft is determined before and after the completion of cargo handling at the port (approximately 10 mm in visual accuracy). The weight of the cargo loaded or unloaded with the difference between the calculated drainage amounts. (Measurement of hull drainage including cargo floating on the water surface based on Archimedes' principle)

Since then, the ship's draft inspection has been carried out by a maritime appraiser, usually requested by the shipper, and a crew member acting as the operating carrier's agent, by visually checking the water level at the draft display point and appraising the weight of the loaded cargo. However, in bad weather, the water surface changes relatively frequently due to the ship's sway due to wave swell and strong wind, etc., causing constant difficulty in reading and judging the draft, and the judgment value is always judged by human visual observation. Therefore, non-uniform errors such as personal errors that occur inevitably occur. Therefore, for partially loaded cargo such as iron ore, a maritime inspector (official surveyor) designated by both the shipper and the receiver at both the loading and unloading ports is still arranged each time. At present, the company is measuring the weight of loaded cargo (draft 'survey) based on draft assessment.

The main external forces that affect ships at sea are large waves and strong winds, but the following events also affect the draft, and the apparent increase in draft at the bow and stern due to the fast tidal current and the hull Decrease in draft at the center, slight sinking of the hull due to shallow water in a shallow port (due to Bernoulli's theorem), reduced buoyancy due to changes in seawater density, etc. In draft surveys, a water level gauge that satisfies the accuracy of 10 mm, accurate, simple, small size, inexpensive, remote operation detection, etc. is expected for drafts that change every moment due to the interaction of these various external forces. It is up to the present. Table 1 summarizes conventional measuring instruments.

The draft is measured using (000311) to (000313), the water level is measured using (000324) to (000325), and the civil engineering construction site is measured by using a ranging finder or altitude meter (000336) to (000337). Things are known. Implementation method when measuring draft using these devices · Advantages and disadvantages in terms of operation and economics are listed below, and problems are further highlighted.

Conventional draft measurement device

(000311) Most of the draft gauges installed on some vessels are indirect methods that measure the water pressure at the bottom of the ship, and their accuracy is low. It is rarely used except in the event of an emergency, such as when a water appraisal boat cannot be arranged. Surveyors or seafarers tend to be concerned with reading the draft due to individual visual observation until they get tired, and read the draft shallowly from the shipper side (underestimated cargo load). Due to conflicting arbitrary tacit requests, such as reading deeply (loading cargo overestimation), there are many cases where controversy is held on site.

(000312) When it is not possible to arrange a draft inspection boat due to bad weather, or when it is difficult to read the draft due to swelling wind, etc., the upper part of the ship's hull at the central draft display location on both sides is transparent for reading about 1 m. Insert the Rentsu pipe forever until the water surface in the pipe is stabilized to a certain extent (water depth of about 3 m to 5 m), and measure it visually.

(000313) The (000312) inside the scale with the black ink applied is put into water, and the measurement is made at the black water wet portion. Conversion of conventional water level gauge to draft measurement

(000323) A method of observing the scale of the Rentsu tube using a camera, which has the same principle as (000323).

(000324) A mechanical type in which a float floating on the water surface is linked to a take-up reel and the number of revolutions of the float is converted into an electric signal.

(000325) An electromagnetic type in which a float with a built-in magnet is moved up and down on the water surface along the guide on which a lead switch is arranged according to the buoyancy of the float to switch and convert it into an electric signal. Although the equipment was complicated and large-scale, the measurement accuracy was low, and in bad weather, the surface of the water was severe due to wind waves, and the water surface fluctuated complicatedly and irregularly.

Rangefinder or altimeter applied to draft measurement

(000336)-(000337) In recent years, measures for applying a distance measuring method using laser light or ultrasonic waves to a water level gauge have been developed. For example, with the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-1-1 ' Is a method of measuring the distance to the water surface by reflecting the laser light to the water surface. Although the measurement accuracy has been improved compared to the conventional device, it is not suitable for draft measurement as shown in Table 1.

table 1

(Number) Measurement method

Accuracy (scale cm unit) Error Scale for severe water level fluctuations Location of sensor and influence of large and small wind waves, followability of sensor and minimum required number of sensors Relation between error factors and error factors Measures to improve durability of sensor Large X

(000311) Water pressure measurement at the bottom of the ship Several cm to several tens of cm Low accuracy with a scale of 10 to 50 cm at the bottom of the ship at a depth of several tens of meters The water pressure is stable even when adjusting There are four water pressure gauges at the bottom that do not follow large waves and tidal currents near the draft surface in front of and behind the hull and at the center of the ship. Maintain the watertightness of the meter.

(000312) Visually transparent tube Due to the large wave, the tube is drawn by the draft indicator. The tube is immersed in water at a depth of several meters.

(000313) Ke, if the water is separated from or displaced from the 'Ishi' built-in transparent pipe or if the water level in the pipe becomes stable, the draft reading numbers at cm10cm intervals are displayed vertically in the pipe reading section. For reading, read in diagonally from the top in Icm units with visual acuity. If the amount of inflow is larger than the amount that causes misreading due to the angle between the bow and stern, and the angle between the right and left boats, the blackboard is painted on the draft indicator on the side outer panel in the pipe. The water level in the pipe was recorded only for the transparent pipe, which was lower than the true water level (the highest level of the water level was determined by opening the bottom of the pipe and raising and lowering the water, and the water level inside the pipe was stabilized except for the transparent section). Therefore, stainless steel is used in bad weather.

(000324) Mechanical float D-type Float of float and rotation of winding reel.

(000325) Electromagnetic F! -The type of roll-following force is not balanced or the surface is impossible.The size of the foot itself is about 1cm to 10cm. Smooth tracing and switching in front and rear of the hull and in the middle left and right ships, poor tracking performance, mechanical actuation to determine if four floats can be made from the upper deck to the side Upper reel rotating part Magnetic suspension may be installed, which may cause a winding error of the winding reel. Detected by mechanical rotation of stone float and cut, etc. or float with magnet If the buoyancy of the float is increased and the follow-up part is required for periodic inspection and supplement of the working part, and the reed switch along the id is required, measurement accuracy is particularly low.

Switch to lower the water level to an electronic signal.

Operation error occurs frequently

(000336) Laser, '-Light reflection type Light wave or sound wave irradiation direction Main wave of reflected wave

(000337) Ultrasonic wave reflection type and the outer shell of the ship side have an included angle of 受ける accurately received by the receiver 〇 High accuracy of 0.1cm to lcm, the distance from the irradiation source to the water surface is always above the water surface to be irradiated Assuming that the lead distance from the six upper decks is L, it is necessary to move up and down horizontally. Transmitting and receiving equipment error L = L (1-CosG) which is directly lowered. Γ-Light or ultrasonic waves A communication pipe that reduces errors should be attached to the equipment directly to the surface of the water, and it is necessary to move the front and back (trim) of the hull to reflect the light. Even if the inclination of the water level (heel) direction is small, the water level in the pipe is not measured safely even under a large wave, and if the irradiation source is connected to the water surface, the follow-up

Need to be closer, worse Issues that the invention is trying to solve

(000311) displays the draft indirectly due to the measurement of the stable water pressure at the bottom of the ship, so that almost no vertical movement of the draft surface due to the sway of the hull or the waves can be detected. In addition, since the measurement accuracy is low and the error is large, it is not suitable for draft surveys and is hardly used.

Similarly, in the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-126667, a temperature sensor having a plurality of tandemly arranged in the height direction inside the outer plate is applied by utilizing a difference in specific heat of water between the steel outer plate and water. In this method, draft is detected indirectly from the detected temperature distribution.However, if the difference between the air temperature (boat side plate) and the water temperature disappears, the detection becomes impossible. It is impractical because it is large and expensive because of the stationary type, and on the other hand, the accuracy is low and an error proportional to the thickness of the outer shell is expected.

On the other hand, (000312) can be replaced with a transparent tube and is economical, but when reading the water surface that moves violently up and down with the naked eye of the measurer, individual differences and habits of dynamic visual acuity, and disagreement between the measurer and the draft display part It is difficult for even a skilled person to accurately and objectively evaluate the draft (water level) visually every time, such as the illusion due to the angle.

(000313) Since the gage coated with black ink records only the highest level of the water surface fluctuating below J; structurally, the error increases when the water surface fluctuation in the sensor pipe is large due to the large waves.

(000324) and (000325) measure drafts at multiple locations on board because the entire device is large-scale due to the presence of a mechanical operating part in the sensor that comes into contact with the water surface, and assuming an installation type. This is an inconvenient method, and in many cases it is inferior to others in accuracy and operation in terms of price.

(000336) and (000337) Since light waves and sound waves are used to detect the water level (there is no mechanical actuator in the sensor), the accuracy is high in mm units, but the light (sound) emitted from the source (receiver) The wave travels straight on the outward path to the surface of the water, and only the main lobe that enters and reflects at 180 ° on the water surface is emitted (received). The wave travels straight on the return path to the source, is received, and the distance to the water surface is measured. Therefore, the source (receiver) must always be installed vertically with respect to the water surface. If the hull is tilted, an error proportional to the irradiation distance and the tilt will occur, and the error will far exceed the measurement accuracy. In some cases, there are operational problems.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a device that compensates for the drawbacks of the conventional draft (water level) gauge summarized in Table 1 and satisfies the small, lightweight, high-precision, inexpensive, and durable digital values of the measured value. Means for Solving the Problems When a built-in steel pipe made of steel is installed inside the outer plate of a stationary type

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an accurate 10 mm draft for a stopped or moored vessel even when the water surface violently moves up and down due to strong winds and the hull fluctuates due to external force (lake, river, river, port In the method of measuring in units of 2.5 mm), the inside diameter of the built-in steel pipe from the draft of 50 to 60 mm and the full length of the draft to the intake of the light coin is less than the draft. ) Install at the display location. Inside the tube, the following sensor tube 11 is suspended using a measuring power cable 12 with a scale to the height where the earth leakage circuit part of 11 can detect the water surface, and the extended scale graduation of 1 2 At the top of the tube and input the value to the DC current transmitter / receiver 13. Then, if a direct current is passed to '13, the freeboard (water level) with the upper limit of the water surface is detected by the earth leakage circuit. This is measured several times within a predetermined time. 13 Data processing is performed by the built-in microcomputer 1. Die depth, freeboard = draft (water level), wave cycle amplitude, hull vertical and horizontal oscillation cycle amplitude, etc. are measured.

[000313] (000313) As a development and improvement type of a transparent tube with a built-in gage, a method of incorporating a hexadecimal (4-bit processing) leakage circuit in a detector tube in a plurality of columns and measuring the water surface with the eyes of an electron. When a telescopic steel pipe is suspended outside the outer panel of a portable type

Using a stainless steel wire, suspend the telescopic steel pipe to the draft indicator on the outer side of the outer panel of the 6 sections of the stern and center of the hull using a stainless steel wire, and then move it up and down so that the lower half of the sensor tube is submerged. Use the measuring power cable and scale 12 to be loaded, and secure each to the upper part of the outer shell on the side of the ship. In addition, at the draft indicator at the center of the hull where there is no bar hang on the hull outer panel, align the upper end of the sensor tube 11 with the upper end of the draft number welded on the hull outer panel at an interval of 20 cm. If the method of fixing with a magnet is adopted, the measurement accuracy is further improved. (refer graph1)

After installing the sensor tube 1 at the specified location, the DC current transmitter / receiver 13 sends a DC current to the sensor tube 11 through the power cable 12 for measurement. Measure the draft (water level), wave cycle amplitude, hull vertical and horizontal oscillation cycle width, etc. at a specified time from the distribution of the measurement results obtained by repeating this multiple times. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a flexible base material made of polyimide having a length of 160 mm, a positive electrode film having an exposed wiring and 16 negative electrodes arranged in parallel with the exposed wiring. A circuit with a total length of 160 mm X 8 ¾ = 1280 mm was produced by connecting 8 circuits in series with a circuit with a film wiring of 1.76 mm and the film removed in a diagonal staircase at a pitch of 10 mm vertically and a circuit with the cover film inside. Bend in an arc shape, outer diameter 30 ~ 35mni · Total length 1500mm Installed in a glass fiber tube for preventing the adhesion of ripples. At the measurement point (minimum 4 to maximum 16), connect the cable to the inner side of the anti-measuring steel pipe installed on the ship side outer plate using the measuring power supply cable 12 with scale until the earth leakage circuit detects the water surface. Feed out and suspend the tube.

Direct current transmitter / receiver 13 If the relay switch, which is based on the built-in XOR logic circuit, is activated sequentially in the left and right direction, the sensor tube 11 will generate a short circuit at the electrode in contact with the water surface and detect the DC current I do. The minus pole indicates the first digit of the hexadecimal number, and the plus pole indicates the second digit of the hexadecimal number. The sensor tube 11 measures the freeboard that is not submerged in water for this measurement. The draft (water level) can be obtained by subtracting the freeboard measured from the vessel's mold depth. (See Figures 1-3)

The above-mentioned sensor tube 1 1 uses the leakage of direct current due to seawater or freshwater to detect the water level.If the water level in the tube moves up and down due to the sway of the hull or large waves or wind waves, measurement is performed. At the point, the sensor tube 11 is half-submerged and installed, and then DC current is applied to the exposed circuit (see Fig. 3), which is in contact with water, causing the sensor tube 1 1 Convert to a short circuit and measure in hexadecimal. Repeat this several times and convert the ferocious average value to a decimal number to determine the draft (water level).

Completed installation of sensor tubes 11 in pairs to minimize measurement errors due to ship sway, to the bow and stern for pitching, and to the port and starboard in the center of the hull for rolling. ¾ It is necessary to measure at the same time (within the same cycle). Comparing the fluctuation cycle of the water level of two pairs of sensors and one tube, the hull sway cycle can be calculated backward. Embodiment of the Invention

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 is a sketch of the draft indicator on a cargo ship.

The draft measuring device according to the present embodiment is configured such that the sensor tube 11 suspended from the upper deck by a cable descends and submerges along the ship side outer plate, and a DC current flows through the draft tube to cause a freeboard. Measure.

Fig. 2 shows the state of the hull and draft while moored, and an example of installation of the sensor tube 11. Measure and record the length from the upper end of the sensor tube 11 fixed to the ship's outer shell to the upper deck using the cable 12 with scale. 1 Connect the terminal of 2 to the DC current transmitter / receiver 13 and record the length from the upper end of the sensor tube 11 to the upper deck and the motion cycle and measurement point due to visual observation of the water surface at the measurement point. When the mold depth is input to each of the 13 microcomputers, a current flows through the sensor and the tube 11 and the freeboard is measured, and the draft is calculated from this. Function and specification of each part of draft (water level) measuring device according to the present embodiment

The white circles on the sensor tube 11 shown in Fig. 3 indicate nickel on a thin copper plate with a thickness of 100 microns.

It is an electronic circuit that is 3 micron and has been fully plated with gold and 3 micron D. It is coated with polyimide (flexible plastic) except for the white circle. The positive electrode corresponds to the second digit of the hexadecimal number.To detect the water surface with a span of 160 mm, connect the single-stage circuit downward as shown in the figure. Wires are shifted by one wire, and the thin copper plate at the left end of each circuit is connected to a short-leaved rectangular copper thin plate in which 16 white circles are planted at a pitch of 10 mm for a spacing of 150 mm. You. On the other hand, the 16 negative electrodes correspond to the first digit of the hexadecimal number (0 to A to F). As shown in the figure, a circuit in which white circles are arranged in a 10-mm interval right-descent staircase state is connected in each stage. Connect to

If the sensor tube 11 is partially immersed in the water surface, a direct current flows between the submerged plus and minus electrodes, and the water level in the sensor tube 11 is converted to a hexadecimal electrical signal.

The measuring range of the sensor is 160mm x 16 circuits with an accuracy of 10mm-2560mm,

It becomes 1280mm when the accuracy is 5mm and 640mm when the accuracy is 2.5mm. The measuring power cable with scale 1 2 detects the power supply to the sensor tube 1 1 For the purpose of measuring the free return path of the signal and the sensor tube 11 to the draft display point and measuring the freeboard to the upper deck, a scale or bar code with a scale of 10 mm is engraved on the surface of the table.

The DC current transmitter / receiver 13 has a relay switch based on the X0R logic circuit for each of the eight positive electrodes and the sixteen negative electrodes when the accuracy is 10 mm and 160 mm x 8 steps = measurement range 1280 mm. If the plus electrode is switched left and right, a weak current is detected by the electrode in contact with the water surface in the sensor circuit, and this is amplified and measured as the second digit of the hexadecimal number. Similarly, if the relay switch provided by the XOR logic circuit provided on the master electrode is operated left and right, the freeboard water surface in the sensor tube 11 is measured as the first digit of the hexadecimal number. Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a sketch drawing of a draft display position of a standard cargo ship and a state in which a sensor tube 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed and loaded.

Figure 2 ········································································································································································· The buoyancy point of operation moves in a dispersed manner, resulting in a sagging state. To accurately calculate the discharge of a cargo ship based on Archimedes' principle, it is necessary to increase the number of measurement points in terms of halves, quadrants, and octants for the length of the ship. If the measurement is performed for more than four quadrants, the bending stress acting on the hull can be measured more accurately.

Fig. 3 ··· · This is an exploded view of the sensor tube 11 according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the white circles of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are exposed and exposed. Since the exposed electrode part is exposed to seawater etc., it is necessary to take twice as much nickel and gold plating as usual and take sufficient protection measures.

Figure 4 ··· An example of an XOR logic circuit that amplifies the weak electrical signal detected by the leakage circuit of the sensor tube 11 and converts it into a 4-bit hexadecimal number.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. Leakage circuit sensor tube 1 1 'Scale power cable with scale 1 2' DC current transmitting and receiving device 13 Electronically water surface (using air as insulator and water as conductor) Detecting (boundary surface) is called Boolean tubing measurement.

1 1 1 1 2 1 3 Each equipment and specifications and their functions,

Water surface and wave period amplitude measurement method using Boolean tubing measurement equipment.

2. Stop the stationary built-in steel pipe made of steel. Install it inside the outer plate of the ship while mooring, and mount the tubing measuring device in the pipe until the sensor tube 11 is half submerged. Later, the draft at a predetermined time due to the equipment ・ Wave cycle amplitude ・ Hull vertical and horizontal oscillating cycle amplitude ・ Working efficiency, changes in hull stress due to cargo handling, etc. are remotely controlled by electronic signals and the measured values are digitally displayed. Apparatus and method to do.

3. Install a stationary built-in steel pipe in the same way as in claim 2 on the water level scale pile at the lake / river port, and suspend and load the sensor tube 11 into the pipe until it is half submerged. A method of measuring the water level and wave period amplitude at a predetermined time by a measuring device.

4. Stop the portable telescopic steel-made steel pipe. · Install it outside the outer plate of the ship while mooring, and load it into the telescopic pipe by hanging it until the sensor tube 11 is submerged halfway or extreme outside. At the stern where the plate is curved, the tube cannot be installed vertically, so the telescopic tube is not used and the upper end of the sensor tube 1 1 is welded to the outer plate at intervals of 2 Ocm. A method of measuring the draft, wave cycle amplitude, hull vertical and horizontal swing amplitude, and cargo handling efficiency at a predetermined time using a Boolean tubing measurement device after fixing the magnet to the upper end of the draft number.

5. A single tube 1 sensor 1 1 The opening of 10 times the inner cross-sectional area of the opening The blood receiving blood is installed at the upper end of the sensor tube 1 1 Equipment and method for measuring 1 mm accuracy.