WO2005055412A3 - Continuously tunable coupled opto-electronic oscillators having balanced opto-electronic filters - Google Patents

Continuously tunable coupled opto-electronic oscillators having balanced opto-electronic filters Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005055412A3
WO2005055412A3 PCT/US2004/040301 US2004040301W WO2005055412A3 WO 2005055412 A3 WO2005055412 A3 WO 2005055412A3 US 2004040301 W US2004040301 W US 2004040301W WO 2005055412 A3 WO2005055412 A3 WO 2005055412A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
opto
electronic
balanced
oscillators
continuously tunable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/040301
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2005055412A2 (en
Inventor
Vladimir Ilchenko
Danny Eliyahu
Original Assignee
Oewaves Inc
Vladimir Ilchenko
Danny Eliyahu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/963,755 external-priority patent/US7187870B2/en
Application filed by Oewaves Inc, Vladimir Ilchenko, Danny Eliyahu filed Critical Oewaves Inc
Priority to EP04817932.9A priority Critical patent/EP1695463A4/en
Priority to CA2547966A priority patent/CA2547966C/en
Publication of WO2005055412A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005055412A2/en
Publication of WO2005055412A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005055412A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B17/00Generation of oscillations using radiation source and detector, e.g. with interposed variable obturator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08013Resonator comprising a fibre, e.g. for modifying dispersion or repetition rate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08018Mode suppression
    • H01S3/08022Longitudinal modes
    • H01S3/08031Single-mode emission
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/081Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
    • H01S3/083Ring lasers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/107Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/13Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
    • H01S3/1305Feedback control systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/13Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
    • H01S3/1307Stabilisation of the phase
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/06Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
    • H01S5/062Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes
    • H01S5/06226Modulation at ultra-high frequencies
    • H01S5/0623Modulation at ultra-high frequencies using the beating between two closely spaced optical frequencies, i.e. heterodyne mixing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/10Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
    • H01S5/14External cavity lasers
    • H01S5/141External cavity lasers using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S2302/00Amplification / lasing wavelength
    • H01S2302/02THz - lasers, i.e. lasers with emission in the wavelength range of typically 0.1 mm to 1 mm
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08086Multiple-wavelength emission
    • H01S3/0809Two-wavelenghth emission
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/10069Memorized or pre-programmed characteristics, e.g. look-up table [LUT]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2210/00Indexing scheme relating to optical transmission systems
    • H04B2210/006Devices for generating or processing an RF signal by optical means

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

Devices and techniques for achieving continuous tuning of coupled opto-electronic oscillators with signal filtering in RF or microwave frequencies by optical filtering via two optical resonators in two separate optical paths.
PCT/US2004/040301 2003-12-01 2004-12-01 Continuously tunable coupled opto-electronic oscillators having balanced opto-electronic filters WO2005055412A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04817932.9A EP1695463A4 (en) 2003-12-01 2004-12-01 Continuously tunable coupled opto-electronic oscillators having balanced opto-electronic filters
CA2547966A CA2547966C (en) 2003-12-01 2004-12-01 Continuously tunable coupled opto-electronic oscillators having balanced opto-electronic filters

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52599203P 2003-12-01 2003-12-01
US60/525,992 2003-12-01
US59919804P 2004-08-05 2004-08-05
US60/599,198 2004-08-05
US10/963,755 US7187870B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2004-10-12 Tunable balanced opto-electronic filters and applications in opto-electronic oscillators
US10/963,755 2004-10-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005055412A2 WO2005055412A2 (en) 2005-06-16
WO2005055412A3 true WO2005055412A3 (en) 2005-10-13

Family

ID=34657971

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2004/040301 WO2005055412A2 (en) 2003-12-01 2004-12-01 Continuously tunable coupled opto-electronic oscillators having balanced opto-electronic filters

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1695463A4 (en)
CA (1) CA2547966C (en)
WO (1) WO2005055412A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7389053B1 (en) 2003-10-15 2008-06-17 Oewaves, Inc. Tunable filtering of RF or microwave signals based on optical filtering in Mach-Zehnder configuration
US7587144B2 (en) 2004-01-12 2009-09-08 Oewaves, Inc. Tunable radio frequency and microwave photonic filters
WO2005092050A2 (en) 2004-03-22 2005-10-06 Oewaves, Inc. Optical waveguide coupler for whispering-gallery-mode resonators
US7362927B1 (en) 2004-06-01 2008-04-22 Oewaves, Inc. Tunable RF or microwave photonic filters using temperature-balanced whispering gallery mode optical resonators
US7260279B2 (en) 2004-06-09 2007-08-21 Oewaves, Inc. Integrated opto-electronic oscillators
US7480425B2 (en) 2004-06-09 2009-01-20 Oewaves, Inc. Integrated opto-electronic oscillators
US7630417B1 (en) 2004-06-24 2009-12-08 California Institute Of Technology Crystal whispering gallery mode optical resonators
US7440651B1 (en) 2004-11-17 2008-10-21 California Institute Of Technology Single mode whispering-gallery-mode resonator
WO2008030782A2 (en) 2006-09-05 2008-03-13 Oewaves, Inc. Wideband receiver based on photonics technology
US8124927B2 (en) 2007-05-29 2012-02-28 California Institute Of Technology Detecting light in whispering-gallery-mode resonators
CN101796452A (en) 2007-06-13 2010-08-04 Oe电波公司 Tunable lasers locked to whispering gallery mode resonators
US7929589B1 (en) 2007-06-13 2011-04-19 Oewaves, Inc. Diffractive grating coupled whispering gallery mode resonators
US7965745B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2011-06-21 Oewaves, Inc. RF and microwave receivers based on electro-optic optical whispering gallery mode resonators
US8164816B1 (en) 2007-08-31 2012-04-24 California Institute Of Technology Stabilizing optical resonators
US8210044B1 (en) 2007-10-12 2012-07-03 California Institute Of Technology Covert laser remote sensing and vibrometry
CN101904115B (en) 2007-11-13 2014-10-22 光电波股份有限公司 Photonic based cross-correlation homodyne detection with low phase noise
US9360626B2 (en) 2007-11-13 2016-06-07 Anatoliy Savchenkov Fiber-based multi-resonator optical filters
CN101911403B (en) 2007-11-13 2012-06-27 光电波股份有限公司 Cross modulation-based opto-electronic oscillator with tunable electro-optic optical whispering gallery mode resonator
US8155914B2 (en) 2007-11-13 2012-04-10 Oewaves, Inc. Measuring phase noise in radio frequency, microwave or millimeter signals based on photonic delay
US8111722B1 (en) 2008-03-03 2012-02-07 Oewaves, Inc. Low-noise RF oscillation and optical comb generation based on nonlinear optical resonator
CN102007652A (en) 2008-03-11 2011-04-06 光电波股份有限公司 Optical locking based on optical resonators with high quality factors
US8089684B1 (en) 2008-03-14 2012-01-03 Oewaves, Inc. Photonic RF and microwave phase shifters
WO2009137202A2 (en) 2008-04-03 2009-11-12 California Institute Of Technology Optical sensing based on overlapping optical modes in optical resonator sensors and interferometric sensors
US8102597B1 (en) 2008-05-15 2012-01-24 Oewaves, Inc. Structures and fabrication of whispering-gallery-mode resonators
US8094359B1 (en) 2008-05-15 2012-01-10 Oewaves, Inc. Electro-optic whispering-gallery-mode resonator devices
US8452139B1 (en) 2008-07-25 2013-05-28 Oewaves, Inc. Wide-band RF photonic receivers and other devices using two optical modes of different quality factors
US8331008B1 (en) 2008-10-14 2012-12-11 Oewaves, Inc. Photonic microwave and RF receivers based on electro-optic whispering-gallery-mode resonators
US8159736B2 (en) 2008-11-13 2012-04-17 Oewaves, Inc. Tunable single sideband modulators based on electro-optic optical whispering gallery mode resonators and their applications
US8761603B1 (en) 2009-02-25 2014-06-24 Oewaves, Inc. Dynamically reconfigurable sensor arrays
US8498539B1 (en) 2009-04-21 2013-07-30 Oewaves, Inc. Dielectric photonic receivers and concentrators for radio frequency and microwave applications
US8417076B2 (en) 2009-06-22 2013-04-09 Oewaves, Inc. Tunable photonic microwave or radio frequency receivers based on electro-optic optical whispering gallery mode resonators
US8331409B1 (en) 2010-01-18 2012-12-11 Oewaves, Inc. Locking of a laser to an optical interferometer that is stabilized to a reference frequency
US8564869B1 (en) 2010-07-15 2013-10-22 Oewaves, Inc. Voltage controlled tunable single sideband modulators and devices based on electro-optic optical whispering gallery mode resonators
CN102377098B (en) 2010-08-10 2015-09-23 Oe电波公司 Laser apparatus and the method for locked laser
WO2012158727A2 (en) 2011-05-16 2012-11-22 Oewaves, Inc. Generation of single optical tone, rf oscillation signal and optical comb in a triple-oscillator device based on nonlinear optical resonator
US8804231B2 (en) 2011-06-20 2014-08-12 Oewaves, Inc. Stabilizing RF oscillator based on optical resonator
WO2012178200A1 (en) 2011-06-23 2012-12-27 Oewaves, Inc. Parametric regenerative oscillators based on opto-electronic feedback and optical regeneration via nonlinear optical mixing in whispering gallery mode optical resonators
CN104040808B (en) 2011-06-30 2016-11-16 Oe电波公司 Compact optical atomic clock and the application being mixed based on the parametrization nonlinear optics in Whispering-gallery-mode optical resonantor
EP2831966A4 (en) * 2012-03-27 2016-01-27 Oewaves Inc Tunable opto-electronic oscillator having optical resonator filter operating at selected modulation sideband
SI24591A (en) * 2013-12-24 2015-06-30 Center Odliäśnosti Za Biosenzoriko, Instrumentacijo In Procesno Kontrolo The process control and stabilization of the optoelectronic oscillator frequency
US10585332B2 (en) * 2018-03-06 2020-03-10 University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Periodic optical filter stabilized tunable comb generator
CN110045357B (en) * 2019-03-07 2022-12-06 南京合太光电科技有限公司 Linear frequency modulation signal generating device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5723856A (en) * 1995-08-01 1998-03-03 California Institute Of Technology Opto-electronic oscillator having a positive feedback with an open loop gain greater than one
US6594061B2 (en) * 2000-06-09 2003-07-15 California Institute Of Technology Acceleration-insensitive opto-electronic oscillators
US6906309B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2005-06-14 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Injection-seeding of a multi-tone photonic oscillator

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU3855300A (en) * 1999-01-26 2000-08-07 California Institute Of Technology Opto-electronic oscillators having optical resonators

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5723856A (en) * 1995-08-01 1998-03-03 California Institute Of Technology Opto-electronic oscillator having a positive feedback with an open loop gain greater than one
US6594061B2 (en) * 2000-06-09 2003-07-15 California Institute Of Technology Acceleration-insensitive opto-electronic oscillators
US6906309B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2005-06-14 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Injection-seeding of a multi-tone photonic oscillator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP1695463A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2547966A1 (en) 2005-06-16
EP1695463A2 (en) 2006-08-30
WO2005055412A2 (en) 2005-06-16
CA2547966C (en) 2010-08-17
EP1695463A4 (en) 2014-07-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2005055412A3 (en) Continuously tunable coupled opto-electronic oscillators having balanced opto-electronic filters
WO2005038513A3 (en) Tunable balanced opto-electronic filters and applications in opto-electronic oscillators
WO2006076585A3 (en) Tunable multi-loop opto-electronic oscillator with tunable rf or microwave filter based on optical filtering
WO2005067690A3 (en) Tunable radio frequency and microwave photonic filters
WO2005033749A3 (en) Tunable resonator-based devices for producing variable delays and narrow spectral linewidths
WO2007073524A3 (en) Low-loss tunable radio frequency filter
WO2004015826A8 (en) Method and apparatus for employing a tunable microfluidic device
DE60329654D1 (en) MAIN PART SURFACE WAVE RESONATOR WITH TWO PIEZOELECTRIC LAYERS AS A SYMMETRIC LIQUID IN FILTERS AND DUPLEXERS
WO2001089081A3 (en) Radio frequency feedback amplifier circuits
MX2007003087A (en) Tunable surface acoustic wave resonators.
EP1079534A3 (en) Band-switchable surface acoustic wave antenna duplexer and mobile radio terminal
EP1311063A3 (en) Diplexer, and high-frequency switch and antenna duplexer using the same
TW200607225A (en) Highly-linear signal-modulated voltage controlled oscillator
WO2005010952A3 (en) Ltcc based electronically tunable multilayer microstrip-stripline combline filter
WO2004034503A3 (en) Tunable filter with cross-coupled dielectric resonators
ATE349779T1 (en) HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCH
WO2007046869A3 (en) In-plane mechanically coupled microelectromechanical tuning fork resonators
ATE370562T1 (en) DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DEMODULATION OF DPSK SIGNALS
WO2008042100A3 (en) Harmonic phase tuning filter for rf switches
WO2008042099A3 (en) Switching module with harmonic phase tuning filter
EP1455447A3 (en) Ladder filter, branching filter, and communications apparatus
EP1313164A3 (en) A tunable triple-mode mono-block filter assembly
WO2004066490A3 (en) Resonator filter structure having equal resonance frequencies
DE69919445D1 (en) High frequency filter with half wavelength resonators
WO2004073099A3 (en) Electronically tunable comb-ring type rf filter

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2547966

Country of ref document: CA

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2004817932

Country of ref document: EP

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2004817932

Country of ref document: EP