WO2005047969A1 - 欠陥密度制御、または、格子点の秩序性制御による分極反転法、および、光波長変換素子 - Google Patents
欠陥密度制御、または、格子点の秩序性制御による分極反転法、および、光波長変換素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005047969A1 WO2005047969A1 PCT/JP2004/017029 JP2004017029W WO2005047969A1 WO 2005047969 A1 WO2005047969 A1 WO 2005047969A1 JP 2004017029 W JP2004017029 W JP 2004017029W WO 2005047969 A1 WO2005047969 A1 WO 2005047969A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- single crystal
- forming
- domain
- control layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3558—Poled materials, e.g. with periodic poling; Fabrication of domain inverted structures, e.g. for quasi-phase-matching [QPM]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/20—LiNbO3, LiTaO3
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a domain-inverted region in a ferroelectric single crystal and an optical wavelength conversion element using the same.
- a periodic domain-inverted region (domain-inverted structure) can be formed inside a ferroelectric using the domain-inverted phenomenon of a ferroelectric.
- a polarization inversion region is used for a frequency modulator and an optical wavelength conversion element.
- it is desired to realize an optical wavelength conversion element capable of shortening the wavelength and an optical wavelength conversion element for high output using a ferroelectric substance having an excellent nonlinear optical effect.
- substantially lithium niobate stoichiometric tantalum (L i N b O 3 referred to as S LN in later) and a substantially stoichiometric lithium acid (L i T a O 3; referred to as S LT in later) are known (e.g., see non-Patent Document 1.).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a periodically poled region according to a conventional technique.
- the device 110 includes a lithium niobate single crystal 1101, a comb-shaped electrode 1102, a plane electrode 1103, and a proton exchange region 1104.
- the proton exchange region 1104 is subjected to a proton exchange process using the comb electrode 1102 as a mask, around the comb electrode 1102, and on the surface of the lithium niobate single crystal 111. Pointed out area.
- the ferroelectricity of the lithium niobate single crystal 1101 is deteriorated.
- a voltage is applied to such a device 1101 by using a DC power supply 1105 and a high-voltage pulse power supply 1106.
- a voltage is applied to the lithium niobate single crystal 110 1 between the comb electrode 110 2 and the plane electrode 110 3, and the polarization is reversed. Since the ferroelectricity of the lithium niobate single crystal 1101 in the proton exchange region 1104 has deteriorated, the cross-sectional area of the domain-inverted region generated is larger than the cross-sectional area of the comb-shaped electrode 1102. It must not be. Then, an operation of obtaining a short-period domain-inverted region is performed in this manner.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Non-Patent Document 1; Kitamura, Terabe, "Science & Technology Journal", October 2002, ⁇ 70-73 Disclosure of Invention
- Patent Document 1 states that although a short-period domain-inverted region can be maintained on the comb-shaped electrode 1102 side, adjacent domain-inverted regions are joined on the plane electrode 1103 side. Have a problem. Therefore, it is difficult to form a domain-inverted region thicker than before using Patent Document 1.
- the period of the domain-inverted region is shortened by shortening the voltage application time.
- the application time of the pulse voltage is about 1 ms.
- the frequency required for the high-voltage pulse power supply 110 to generate such a pulse voltage is several KHz.
- a high-voltage power supply capable of generating such a high frequency is very expensive, and ultimately, the shortening of the period of the domain-inverted region reaches the upper limit of the device convenience.
- the coercive electric field of S LN is about 1/5 of the coercive electric field of the conventional congruent composition lithium niobate, and the coercive electric field of the SLT is It is about 1/10 of the coercive electric field.
- SLN or SLT low coercive electric field
- a thicker domain-inverted region can be obtained than before.
- a method of forming a short-period domain-inverted region using such a SLN or SLT has not been established.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a short-period domain-inverted region in a ferroelectric single crystal within a controllable voltage application time, and an optical wavelength conversion element using the same.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method of forming a short-period and thicker domain-inverted region in a ferroelectric single crystal within a controllable voltage application time, and an optical wavelength conversion using the same. It is to provide an element. .
- one surface perpendicular to the polarization direction of the ferroelectric single crystal has (i) a defect density D ferr of the ferroelectric single crystal. Greater than the defect density D c .
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the configuration is as described in the following (1) to (26).
- the method of forming the domain-inverted regions from (1) to (14) based on the knowledge of the former (i) and creation by applying this method The invention relating to the optical wavelength conversion element to be performed is referred to as an invention according to the first means. Further, the invention relating to the method for forming the domain-inverted regions of (15) to (26) based on the knowledge of the latter (ii) and the optical wavelength conversion element created by applying this method are described in the fourth section. It is an invention by means 2.
- a method for forming a domain-inverted region in a ferroelectric single crystal wherein the ferroelectric single crystal is formed on a first surface perpendicular to a polarization direction of the ferroelectric single crystal.
- a method for forming a domain-inverted region in a ferroelectric single crystal is a method for forming a domain-inverted region in a ferroelectric single crystal.
- the ferroelectric single crystal forms a domain-inverted region in the ferroelectric single crystal according to item (1), wherein the ferroelectric single crystal is substantially any one of lithium niobate and lithium tantalate having a stoichiometric composition.
- Lithium niobate or lithium tantalate having a substantially stoichiometric composition is an element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, Sc and In. Including, the method according to paragraph (2).
- a metal layer selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Ti, Si, Mn, Y, W, and Mo on the first surface;
- the step of forming the control layer includes a step of annealing the first surface in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of an inert atmosphere, an oxygen atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere. 3.
- An atmosphere selected from the group consisting of an inert atmosphere, an oxygen atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere.
- the method further includes the step of forming a further control layer including a first region and a second region on the second surface, wherein the defect density of the second region is the ferroelectric single crystal. Defect density of D ferr . Equal to the defect density of the first region
- D c . nt2 is the defect density D ferr of the second region. Greater than (D ferr . ⁇ Drete nt2 ),
- a metal layer selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Ti, Si, Mn, Y, W, and Mo on the second surface via a mask; and The step of annealing,
- the step of forming the further control layer includes a step of annealing the second surface through a mask in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of an inert atmosphere, an oxygen atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere.
- an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of an inert atmosphere, an oxygen atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere.
- the defect density D ferr of the ferroelectric single crystal is on a first plane perpendicular to the polarization direction of the dielectric single crystal.
- An optical wavelength conversion element An optical wavelength conversion element.
- the substantially stoichiometric lithium niobate or lithium tantalate contains 0.1 to 3.Omol% of an element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, Sc and In.
- a method for forming a domain-inverted region in a ferroelectric single crystal wherein the ferroelectric single crystal is formed on a first surface perpendicular to a polarization direction of the ferroelectric single crystal.
- the substantially stoichiometric lithium niobate or lithium tantalate is an element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, Sc, and In. %, The method according to (16).
- the step of forming the control layer includes a step of implanting ions selected from the group consisting of a rare gas, Zn, Nb, and Mn into the first surface. 3.
- the method further includes a step of forming a further control layer including a first region and a second region on the second surface, wherein the order of lattice points of the second region is
- the order of lattice points in the dielectric single crystal is equal to the order of lattice points in the first region, and the order of lattice points in the first region is lower than the order of lattice points in the second region.
- the step of forming the further control layer includes a step of injecting an ion selected from the group consisting of a rare gas, Zn, Nb, and Mn into the second surface through a mask.
- an ion selected from the group consisting of a rare gas, Zn, Nb, and Mn into the second surface through a mask.
- the step of removing the first electrode, the second electrode and the control layer further comprises forming a polarization inversion region in the ferroelectric single crystal according to the item (15). how to.
- An optical wavelength conversion element manufactured by a method of forming a domain-inverted region in a ferroelectric single crystal, the method comprising:
- a light wavelength conversion element comprising: (24) The light wavelength conversion element according to (23), wherein the ferroelectric single crystal is substantially any one of lithium niobate and lithium tantalate having a stoichiometric composition.
- the substantially stoichiometric lithium niobate or lithium tantalate has an element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, Sc and In of 0.1 to 3.Omol%.
- the solution of the present invention is:
- the defect density D e of the control layer. ntl and the defect density D ferro of the ferroelectric single crystal satisfy the relationship D ferro and D co tl tl .
- control layer and the ferroelectric single crystal satisfy that the order of lattice points of the control layer is lower than the order of lattice points of the ferroelectric single crystal.
- the control layer is arranged on the side where the spontaneous polarization of the domain-inverted region generated from the second electrode is terminated.
- the growth rate of a fine domain-inverted region ie, domain
- the termination of the spontaneous polarization of the domain is suppressed, and the growth of the domain in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the electric field is applied is suppressed.
- a short-period domain-inverted region it is necessary to apply a voltage to the ferroelectric single crystal for a longer time than before. Therefore, it is possible to further shorten the period of the domain-inverted region using a conventional device without using an expensive device.
- FIG. 1 a diagram showing a process of forming a domain-inverted region of a ferroelectric single crystal.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the de-polarization 338666331111 method for controlling polarization inversion by the first or second means of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a step of controlling polarization reversal according to the first embodiment according to the first means of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a step of controlling further polarization reversal according to the first embodiment according to the first means of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 Diagram showing a step of controlling polarization reversal according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 Diagram showing a step of controlling further polarization inversion according to the second embodiment according to the first means of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an optical wavelength conversion system using an optical wavelength conversion device according to a third embodiment according to the first means of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a step of forming a domain-inverted region according to a fourth embodiment according to the second means of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a step of forming a domain-inverted region according to the fifth embodiment according to the second means of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an optical wavelength conversion system using an optical wavelength conversion element according to a sixth embodiment according to the second means of the present invention.
- Figure 11 Diagram showing a method of forming a periodically poled region according to the prior art
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a process of forming a domain-inverted region of a ferroelectric single crystal.
- Depiice 100 includes ferroelectric single crystal 101, upper electrode 102, and lower electrode 103.
- Ferroelectric single crystal 101 is 180. Any ferroelectric single crystal having a domain can be used.
- the upper electrode 102 may be a periodic electrode such as a comb electrode.
- the lower electrode 103 can be a planar electrode. The shape of the upper electrode 102 and the lower electrode 103 does not matter as long as the area of the upper electrode 102 is smaller than the area of the lower electrode 103.
- Step S110 The area of the anti-broad area is widened, and the domain 104 reaches the lower electrode 103 and becomes the domain 106.
- the electrostatic energy in the region 105 where the spontaneous component is turned and the pole is facing is high and unstable.
- the region 105 in order for the region 105 to be energetically stable, the area under the circumference of the domain 104 is required to be energetically stable. In the direction perpendicular to the direction of application of the electric field (that is, in the direction of the electrode area '), the electric field distribution mark is grown.
- the electrostatic energy of the domain 106 (electricity is transferred to the static The original load) is compensated for by generating a free electron (compensated charge) that freely moves in the lower electrode 103 (compensation charge) 1 (107). This is called termination of spontaneous polarization.
- the spontaneous polarization of o 106 is terminated during the domain epoch. It's sticky 8
- domain 106 spreads in the direction of the electrode area (arrows A and B). This is the domain 106 and the ferroelectric substance. S strong
- the part is returned, and it is ool. Departure from the pole o
- the present inventors have paid attention to the control of the occurrence of a side window in order to obtain a short-period domain-inverted region. More specifically, the present inventors have focused on the control of compensation (compensation charge) of the static charge of the domain contributing to the generation of the side window, and have found a control method thereof.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a polarization inversion control method according to the first means or the second means of the present invention.
- the device 200 includes a ferroelectric single crystal 201, a control layer 202, a first electrode 203, and a second electrode 204.
- the ferroelectric single crystal 201 can be any ferroelectric single crystal having a 180 ° domain.
- the control layer 202 has a polarization direction of 180 ° domain of the ferroelectric single crystal 201.
- the pole is ⁇ 5
- the relationship between the control layer 202 and the ferroelectric single conduction, and the S crystal 201 without, is such that the defect density D of the control layer 202 is equal to that of the ferroelectric single crystal Defect density D ferr . Greater than, ie, D ferr . ⁇ D e . Satisfies ntl or the area. In this case, the order of the lattice points of the control layer 202 is lower than that of the lattice point symbol ⁇ 2 of the ferroelectric single crystal 201.
- the control layer 202 is formed of, for example, an impurity diffusion layer (metal diffusion layer) in which participation is made by diffusing an impurity element into the ferroelectric single crystal 201, or
- the ferroelectric single crystal 201 is an outdiffusion layer formed by outdiffusion of 6 L L i in the light source. By injecting, it's quiet
- It can be an ion-implanted layer manufactured in the following.
- the metal diffusion layer and the out-diffusion layer o are respectively replaced with a substitutional and pure S5 material that does not cause geometrical disturbance in the crystal lattice of the matrix and the crystal lattice of the matrix. Vacancies that can cause geometrical disturbances. Therefore, as compared with the ferroelectric single crystal 201, the control layer 202 has many such defects (substitution impurities or vacancies) in the control layer 202. It should be noted that these defects generated in the control layer 202 by the O-group diffusion and out-diffusion of the metal do not impair the equilibrium state of the crystal lattice of the o-body.
- the amount of defects generated in the control layer 202 by metal diffusion and out-diffusion is extremely limited to o2, and the maximum amount of defects maintains the equilibrium state of the parent crystal lattice. O 2 to the extent that it does. This maximum defect size depends on the parent material. 4
- the ion-implanted layer has a certain crystal disorder in the host crystal lattice.
- the first electrode 203 is a plane electrode formed on the control layer 202.
- the second electrode 204 is a periodic electrode such as a comb-shaped electrode formed on the second surface facing the first surface. The shapes of the first electrode 203 and the second electrode 204 are not limited as long as the area of the second electrode 204 is smaller than the area of the first electrode 203.
- Process S200 The stage immediately after an electric field is applied to device 200 and the state of domain generation are shown.
- the domain of the ferroelectric single crystal 201 is inverted at the end of the second electrode 204 to generate a fine domain (domain-inverted region) 205.
- the electrostatic charge due to the spontaneous polarization of this domain 205 is indicated by "+”.
- the existence of vacancies in the crystal lattice causes Disorder or the presence of foreign atoms can be considered as long bodies that physically hinder domain growth.
- control layer 202 reduces the power of the first electrode to the two electrodes 203 and reduces the power of the domain 207 or the height of the domain 207 to 0 o7. Since the arrival at the first electrode 203 is suppressed, the height of the first electrode 203 is low. It is difficult to reduce the drawback that the free electrons (capacitive charges) compensate for the static charge due to the spontaneous polarization of domain 207 (208).
- control layer 202 is not a perfect insulator, the free electrons (compensation charge) from the first electrode layer 203 are Sufficient time to move through the control layer 202 and compensate for static charge due to spontaneous polarization of domain 207
- ferroelectric single crystal 201 has a substantially stoichiometric composition of lithium niobate.
- the control layer 202 is arranged on the side of the electrode (that is, the first electrode 203) for compensating the spontaneous polarization of the domain 207, and the control layer 202 is formed of the ferroelectric single crystal 201.
- Defect density D ferr .
- the domain 2 0 7 can be controlled simply by controlling the ratio with respect to the ntl or the ratio between the order of lattice points of the ferroelectric single crystal 201 and the order of lattice points of the control layer 202. It is possible to control the time required for compensating for the static charge of the light.
- the occurrence of the side window of domain 207 can also be controlled.
- a pulse voltage application time of at least about 1 Oms is required.
- a power supply can be used.
- the application time of this pulse voltage is within the controllable time range and stabilizes the domain-inverted region of the ferroelectric single crystal 201. It's also enough time to do it.
- Step S2200 Step S20000 and step S2100 are repeatedly performed, and the ferroelectric single crystal 2 between the first electrode 203 and the second electrode 204 is generated. After the polarization inversion of 01 and the generation of the polarization inversion region 209, the application of the voltage is removed. The time during this period is within the controllable voltage application time, as described in step S2100. As described with reference to FIG. 1, side windows occur in the direction of arrow A and in the direction of arrow B.
- the speed of the side window generated in the direction of arrow A is significantly lower than the speed of the side window generated in the direction of arrow B. This is due to the electric field distribution. Therefore, the cross-sectional area of the generated domain-inverted region 209 can be larger than the area of the second electrode 204, but the effect of this on the depth is of no problem.
- the control layer 202 is provided between the ferroelectric single crystal 201 and the first electrode 203 (that is, the control layer 202 is Provided on the terminating side of the spontaneous polarization), it is possible to form a domain-inverted region having a shorter cycle than before in a controllable voltage application time.
- the defect density D c Changing the voltage application time by changing the relationship between ntl or the relationship between the order of the lattice points of the ferroelectric single crystal 201 and the order of the lattice points of the control layer 202 Can be.
- the voltage application time required to form the domain-inverted region becomes longer.
- the voltage application time required to form the domain-inverted region is shorter.
- Such a setting can be appropriately designed according to the period of the domain-inverted region, the material of the ferroelectric single crystal, and the like.
- the effects of the present invention can be obtained as long as the ferroelectric single crystal 201 and the control layer 202 satisfy the above relationship.
- the method of the present invention can be applied to any ferroelectric in which the ferroelectric single crystal 201 has a 180 ° domain, but SLN or SLT was used as the ferroelectric single crystal 201.
- SLN or SLT was used as the ferroelectric single crystal 201.
- a domain-inverted region having a short period and a thickness larger than that of the conventional one can be formed.
- SLN lithium-optoate
- the ferroelectric single crystal is not limited to this.
- SLN in which an element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, In, and Sc is doped with 0.:! To 3.0 mo 1% may be used.
- the SLN is produced, for example, by the Chiyoklarski method using a double crucible described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 20 ⁇ 0-344595.
- S LN an element selected from the group consisting of substantially stoichiometric lithium tantalate (SLT) or Mg, Zn, In, and Sc is used.
- SLT substantially stoichiometric lithium tantalate
- Mg, Zn, In, and Sc is used.
- SLT doped with 1% mo is used.
- it is produced by the Chiyoklarski method using a double crucible described in JP-A-2000-344595.
- the substantially "stoichiometric are composition” although L i 2 0 Z (T a 2 0 5 + L i 2 O) molar fraction of not completely .50 has a composition close to the stoichiometric ratio than Kondaruento composition (L i 2 0 / (T a 2 0 5 + L i 2 0) mole fraction of zero. 4-9 5-0.5) This means that the degradation of the device characteristics due to this does not cause a problem in the normal device design.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a step of forming a domain-inverted region according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Each step will be described.
- Step S 3000 A metal layer 301 is formed on the first surface of the S LN 300.
- the polarization direction of S LN 300 is parallel to the z-axis and has a single 180 ° domain.
- the thickness of S LN 300 is 3 mm. However, it is not limited to this thickness.
- the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the polarization direction of the SLN 300, for example, a + Z plane.
- the metal layer 301 can be formed by a normal physical vapor deposition method or a chemical vapor deposition method.
- any metal can be used as long as it replaces the L i site of the S LN 300 and has a different valence from L i.
- the material of the metal layer 301 is preferably selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Ti, Si, Mn, Y, W, and Mo.
- the thickness of the metal layer 301 ranges from about 100 to: L000 nm.
- Step S3100 The control layer 302 is formed by annealing the SLN 300 having the metal layer 301.
- the annealing is performed in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of a reducing atmosphere, an oxygen atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere at a temperature in the range of about 300 to 1000 ° C. for about 2 to 40 hours. 29 Harness at liquid electrometer m
- the metal atoms in the metal layer 301 and the metal atoms in the SLN 300 i 3 ⁇ 4 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ o o o SS o35 r Replace with child.
- the diffusion distance of metal atoms is about 500 to 200 nm. 40 o 33 3f.
- the diffused metal atoms create defects (substitution layer in this case, 4th indefinite or 4 o 23 pure) in the surface layer of SLN300.
- control layer 302 is the surface layer of the shape layer. After annealing, the excess metal layer may be removed by etching without a metal layer.
- control layer 302 defect Extremely controlled by control layer 302 defect.
- the evaluation of L3 degree is performed by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS). .
- the material layer can be turned off by the third power. This makes it possible to quantitatively measure the defect density of the control layer 302 and the defect density of the SLN 30 material and the third phase o 0 331.
- the length is 4002 oo and the defect density D e of the control layer 302 is long.
- ntl and SLN 300 defect density D ferr And The limit of the long-field method, oh 23 D ferr . Ku D c. Check that ntl is satisfied.
- Phase liquid phase is 4 323 3.
- Dry etching can be used. If the second electrode 304 is a metal layer, Cr is applied to the second surface of the SLN 300 using physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.
- a photoresist is applied as a mask.
- Photolithography A photoresist is patterned into a predetermined shape, for example, a periodic pattern by one technique. The shape of patterning the photoresist is arbitrary and is not limited to a periodic pattern.
- a second surface of the SLN 300 is etched using, for example, a reactive ion etching (R I E) technique. After that, the photoresist is removed.
- R I E reactive ion etching
- Step S340 An electric field is applied in the direction from the second electrode 304 to the first electrode 303.
- the magnitude of the electric field to be applied is not less than the magnitude of the coercive electric field of SLN 300 (about A kV / Zmm).
- an electric field generator 305 can be used for applying an electric field.
- Electric field generator 305 includes a function generator (not shown) and a voltage amplifier (not shown). The electric field generator 305 generates an electric field corresponding to an arbitrary pulse waveform generated by the function generator, and applies the generated electric field to the SLN 300.
- the electric field generator 305 is not limited to the above configuration.
- step S340 when an electric field is applied to SLN300, domain-inverted fine domains are generated at the end of second electrode 304.
- the generated domains grow in the direction in which the electric field is applied (that is, in the direction from the second electrode 304 to the first electrode 303).
- the growth rate of the domain growing toward the first electrode 303 decreases after reaching the control layer 302, or
- nU is the defect density D fer r of SLN 300 .
- domain growth ie, reduce domain growth rate
- stop domain growth ie, reduce domain growth rate to 0.
- control layer 302 when the control layer 302 is manufactured by metal diffusion, an expensive device and a complicated device are not required, so that the control layer 302 can be manufactured at very low cost.
- a metal layer such as Pt is formed as a protective film on the second surface so as not to be affected by annealing on the second surface side of SLN300. It may be removed by etching. Alternatively, the step S330 may be performed before the step S310, and the second electrode 304 may be used as a protective film on the second surface. After the step S340, if necessary, the control layer 302, the first electrode 303 and the second electrode 304 are removed by etching or chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). May be.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a step of controlling further polarization reversal according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Each step will be described.
- Step S410 to Step S430 are the same as Step S320 to Step S340 described with reference to FIG.
- the annealing is performed in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of a reducing atmosphere, an oxygen atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere at a temperature range of about 800 to 110 ° C. for about 1 to 20 hours. Be done.
- the out-diffusion distance is about 1-20 ⁇ .
- the surface layer of S LN 300 is a control layer (outer diffusion layer) 400.
- the evaluation of the defect density of the control layer 400 due to external diffusion can be performed by, for example, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS).
- the defect density D e of the control layer 400 is determined.
- Tl tl and the defect density D ferr of SLN 300 are related to D ferr ⁇ D c . faithful Tl .
- Step S410 The first electrode 303 is formed on the control layer 400.
- Step S4200 A second electrode 304 is formed on a second surface of the SLN300 opposite to the first surface.
- Step S430 An electric field is applied in the direction of the first electrode 303 to the second electrode 304. In the case of out-diffusion, it was confirmed that the spontaneous polarization of the domain was terminated and it took about 7 s for the side window to occur.
- control layer 400 controls the compensation of the static charge of the domain (termination of spontaneous polarization) and controls the generation of the side window in the same manner as the control layer 302.
- control layer 400 controls the compensation of the static charge of the domain (termination of spontaneous polarization) and controls the generation of the side window in the same manner as the control layer 302.
- annealing is required, so the operation is simpler than in the case of metal diffusion.
- step S400 an oxide layer of SiO 2 or the like is formed as a protective film on the second surface so that annealing does not occur on the second surface side of the SLN 300 on the second surface side. It may be formed and removed by etching after annealing. Alternatively, the step S 420 may be performed before the step S 400 to use the second electrode 304 as a protective film on the second surface.
- control layer 400, the first electrode 303 and the second electrode 304 are removed by etching or chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Is also good.
- control layers 302 and 400 are provided between the ferroelectric single crystal 300 and the first electrode 303.
- the domain going from the second electrode 304 to the first electrode 303 decreases the growth rate due to defects existing in the control layers 302 and 400, or reduces the growth rate to zero. Become.
- the periodicity of the domain-inverted region on the side of the first approximately 30-layer transmutation layer electrode 303 is improved. It will not be disturbed.
- the method of the present invention, 155 can be applied regardless of the thickness of the ferroelectric single crystal 300.
- the thickness of the ferroelectric substance can be increased.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a step of controlling polarization reversal according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Each step will be described.
- the good o5 of the figure starts with, for example, step S3200 in FIG. Handsome groups 1
- Step S5000 Provide a photo resist as a mask 500 on the 22nd surface, facing the first surface. Then select N
- the photoresist is patterned into a predetermined shape by photolithography technology, for example, a periodic selection pattern is patterned into a turn.
- the shape for patterning the photoresist is an arbitrary shape, and is not limited to a single-period pattern.
- This annealing replaces the metal atoms in the metal layer 501 with the Li atoms in the region 503 of the S LN 300.
- the diffusion distance of metal atoms is about 500 to 20000 ⁇ m.
- the diffused metal atoms generate defects (substitution impurities in this case) in the surface layer of the region 503 (first region) of the SLN 300.
- region 502 includes a region 503 (first region) where metal atoms are diffused, and a region 504 (second region) where metal atoms are not diffused.
- regions 503 and 504 can be alternately and periodically arranged.
- An assessment of the defect density in region 503 can be made, for example, by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS).
- RBS Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy
- the defect density D c in the region 503 is obtained.
- the defect density of the region 504 is the defect density D ferr of the SLN 300 . Note that this is equal to
- the mask 500 is removed by etching. After annealing, the excess metal layer 501 may be removed together with the mask 500 by etching.
- Step S530 A second electrode 505 is formed on the further control layer 502.
- the second electrode 505 can be a planar electrode.
- the second electrode 505 can be a metal layer formed by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.
- the material of the second electrode 505 is, for example, Cr, but is not limited to this material.
- the thickness of the second electrode 505 is about 50-500 nm.
- the second electrode 505 may be a liquid electrode of a LiC1 solution (not shown).
- Step S540 An electric field is applied in the direction of the first electrode 303 using the electric field generator 305 from the second electrode 505. Step S540 is the same as step S340 described in Embodiment 1 with reference to FIG. 3, and thus description thereof is omitted.
- the second electrode 505 is a full-surface electrode, there is no need for wiring for individually applying an electric field, unlike the periodic second electrode 304 shown in FIG. , It is simple.
- step S540 when an electric field is applied to SLN300, a domain inverted domain is generated at the end of region 506 of second electrode 505.
- the generated domains grow in the direction of application of the electric field (ie, in the direction of the second electrode 505 to the first electrode 303).
- the growth rate of the domain growing toward the first electrode 303 decreases or becomes zero.
- nt l is SLN 3 0 0 defect density D fer r.
- domain growth ie, reduce domain growth rate
- stop domain growth ie, reduce domain growth rate to 0.
- an additional control layer 502 is formed on the second surface side of the SLT300.
- FIG. S6 Window can be suppressed. This is more regions outside the further control layer 5 0 2 655 0 3 defect density D e. nt2 is, regions 5 0 3 non-SLN 3 0 0 defect density D ferr expansion, FIG. This is because it is larger than S3. Further growth of the domain 6 ⁇ of the control layer 502 into the region 503 is physically suppressed by the presence of defects in the region 503. Regular ⁇ 2
- a periodically poled structure can be manufactured.
- a further control layer, in the form of 502, is the ability to physically halt the domain growth (side-wind) process by the presence of defects. Therefore, it is desirable that the defect density of the control layer 502 be as large as the novel 4S2.
- the second electrode 304 (measured 1 and ⁇ 3) is used as a mask 500 and metal. Same ⁇ sa ⁇
- Diffusion may be performed.
- the material of the second electrode 304 must be an element that is not initially dispersed and dispersed in SLN 300 by annealing.
- control layer 302 the first electrode 303, the further control layer 502, and the second electrode 50 Or by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP).
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- Step S600 A photoresist is provided as a mask 500 on the second surface opposite to the first surface.
- Step S610 Anneal the second surface via the mask 500, and then remove the mask 500 to form a further control layer 600.
- the annealing is performed in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of a reducing atmosphere, an oxygen atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere in a temperature range of about 800 to 110 ° C. for about 1 to 20 hours. .
- the Li atoms in the SLN 300 region 6001 diffuse out of the crystal.
- the out-diffusion distance is about 1-20111.
- a defect in this case, a hole
- a further control layer 600 is formed.
- the further control layer 600 includes a region 601 where Li atoms are out-diffused (first region) and a region where Li atoms are not out-diffused (second region). These regions 601 and 602 can be alternately and periodically arranged.
- the evaluation of the defect density in the region 601 due to out-diffusion can be performed, for example, by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS).
- RBS Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy
- Step S620 The second electrode 505 is formed on the additional control layer 600.
- Step S630 Apply an electric field in the direction of the first electrode 303 using the electric field generator 305 to the second electrode 505.
- the additional control layer 600 formed by out-diffusion also suppresses the growth (side window) of the domain in the direction of arrow A (Fig. 2) in the same manner as the additional control layer 502 (Fig. 5). Because it functions, it is possible to manufacture a periodically poled structure that is controlled with higher precision.
- step S4100 in FIG. 4 the process started from step S4100 in FIG. 4, but after step S4200 in FIG. 4, external diffusion may be performed using the second electrode 304 (FIG. 4) as a mask. Good.
- the operation is simple because it is not necessary to remove the second electrode 30 by etching or the like.
- the material of the second electrode 304 must be an element that is not diffused into SLN300 by annealing.
- control layer 400, the first electrode 303, the further control layer 600, and the second electrode 505 are etched or subjected to chemical mechanical treatment. It may be removed by polishing (CMP).
- control layers 502 and 600 are provided between the ferroelectric single crystal 300 and the second electrode 505.
- the further control layers 502 and 600 comprise a first region 503 and 601 in which the metal has been diffused or Li has been outdiffused and a non-metal diffused or i has not been out-diffused (that is, the same as the ferroelectric single crystal 300) and has second regions 504 and 602.
- Defect densities De of the first regions 503 and 601 Defect density D ferr of nt2 and second regions 504 and 602 . And the relationship D ferr . Ku D c. Meet nt2 . to this Thus, the growth of the domains in the first regions 503 and 601 is physically suppressed by defects (substitution impurities or vacancies) existing inside. In addition to controlling the domain growth on the first electrode 303 side, the domain growth is also controlled on the second electrode 505 side, so that the control can be performed with higher precision than in the first embodiment. Thus, it is possible to manufacture the domain-inverted structure.
- control layer may be manufactured by metal diffusion and the further control layer may be manufactured by outdiffusion.
- control layer may be manufactured by out-diffusion and the further control layer may be diffused by metal diffusion.
- the combination of the control layer manufacturing method and the further control layer manufacturing method is arbitrary.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an optical wavelength conversion system using the optical wavelength conversion device 100 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the light wavelength conversion system includes a light wavelength conversion element 700, a light source 700, and a light collection optical system 720.
- Optical wavelength conversion element 700 can be manufactured using the method described in the first or second embodiment.
- the light wavelength conversion element 700 can be manufactured, for example, from lithium ebobate (SLN) 300, which is substantially stoichiometric.
- the light wavelength conversion element 700 can be manufactured from any ferroelectric single crystal having a 180 ° domain.
- S L N 300 has a periodically poled region 703.
- the period of the domain-inverted region is in the range of about 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- S L N 300 has a control layer 302 or 400.
- the light source 701 can be, for example, a semiconductor laser, but is not limited to this. As the light source 701, any light source can be used as long as it is coherent.
- the light source 701 emits light of a wavelength of 780 nm, for example.
- the condensing optical system 702 can be any optical system that functions to condense the light emitted by the light 701 and make it incident on the light wavelength conversion element 700.
- the operation of such an optical wavelength conversion system will be described.
- the light emitted from the light source 700 enters the optical wavelength conversion element 700 via the condensing optical system 702. This light is called a fundamental wave.
- the domain-inverted regions 703 are periodically repeated in the waveguide direction of the light (fundamental wave) of the light source 701.
- the fundamental wave and its second harmonic are phase-matched (quasi-phase matched).
- the fundamental wave is propagated while propagating through the optical wavelength conversion element 700. It is converted to the second harmonic with a length of 390 nm. It is to be noted that a reflection film may be provided on the incident surface and the outgoing surface of the fundamental wavelength of the optical wavelength conversion element 700 so that the optical wavelength conversion element 70 0 functions as a resonator.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a step of forming a domain-inverted region according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Each step will be described.
- Step S8000 Ion is implanted into the first surface of SLN300 to form a control layer 801.
- the polarization direction of S L N 300 is parallel to the z-axis and has a 180 ° single domain.
- the thickness of S LN 300 is 3 mm. However, it is not limited to this thickness.
- the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the polarization direction and is a + Z plane.
- the ions implanted into S LN 300 can be noble gas ions or metal ions, and more preferably, He, Ne, Ar, Zn, Nb, and Mn.
- a charged particle applied special experimental device can be used for ion implantation.
- Implantation energy is about 1 0 0 K e V ⁇ 2M e V
- note input Ion amount is in the range of about l X 1 0 10 ⁇ 8 X 1 0 1 6 cm- 2
- the injection depth is about 0.
- the range is from l to 5 / _tm. It should be noted that the conditions of the above-described ion implantation are merely examples, and may be changed according to the order of lattice points of the control layer 81.
- the implanted ions create defects (in this case, vacancies, self-interstitial atoms and interstitial impurities) in the surface layer of SLN300.
- the generated defects accumulate in the surface layer of the SLN 300, and may eventually amorphize the surface layer of the SLN 300.
- a control layer (ion-implanted layer) 801 is formed.
- Evaluation of the order of the lattice points of the S LN 300 and the control layer 81 can be performed by, for example, X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- control layer 801 When ion implantation was performed under the above conditions, no peak was generated in the X-ray diffraction of the control layer 801. It was confirmed that the control layer 801 was amorphous, and the order of lattice points was clearly lower than that of S LN 300.
- the relationship between the SLN 300 and the control layer 801 is such that as long as the order of lattice points of the control layer 801 is lower than the order of lattice points of the SLN 300, the control layer It does not matter whether 801 is crystalline or amorphous.
- control layer 81 is described as including the outermost surface.
- Step S8100 A first electrode 802 is formed on the control layer 801.
- the first electrode 802 can be a planar electrode.
- the first electrode 8002 is a material. Extremely long 3 2
- the physical vapor deposition power can be 82 o or a metal layer formed by chemical vapor deposition.
- the material of the first electrode 8002 is, for example, Ta, but is limited to this material.
- the first thickness is about 50-500 nm.
- the first conductive electrode o S1 electrode 802 may be a liquid electrode (not shown) of a LiC1 solution. Ki, ⁇ ru L 382
- the comb phase is No 3
- Body body, body,
- a dry etcher electrode C may be used for the fabrication of the second electrode 803.
- the second electrode 8 03 is a metal layer
- Cr it is possible to apply Cr to the second surface of the SLN 300 using physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition oo. ⁇ .
- a photoresist is applied as a mask.
- the photoresist is patterned into a predetermined shape, for example, a periodic pattern by using one technique.
- the shape for patterning the photoresist is not limited to a periodic pattern, and may be a solid surface or an arbitrary shape.
- the second surface of the SLN 300 is first etched with an electric current m using a reactive ion etching (R I E) technique. After that, the photoresist is removed. As a result, a metal layer having a periodic pattern is obtained as the second electrode 803, which is the second electric material.
- the photoresist is patterned into a predetermined shape without forming a metal layer. Thereafter, a liquid electrode is applied as second electrode 803 to the patterned photoresist and SLN 300.
- Step S830 An electric field is applied between the first electrode 802 and the second electrode 803.
- the magnitude of the electric field to be applied is equal to or greater than the magnitude of the coercive electric field of SLN300 (about 4 kVZmm).
- an electric field generator 804 can be used for the application of an electric field.
- the electric field generator 804 includes a function generator (not shown) and a voltage amplifier (not shown).
- the electric field generator 804 generates an electric field corresponding to an arbitrary pulse waveform generated by the function generator, and applies the generated electric field to the SLN 300.
- the electric field generator 804 is not limited to the above configuration.
- step S830 when an electric field is applied to SLN300, a domain inverted and domain-inverted is generated at the end of second electrode 803.
- the generated domains grow in the direction in which the electric field is applied (that is, in the direction from the second electrode 803 to the first electrode 802).
- the growth rate of the domain decreases or becomes zero. This is because the order of the lattice points of the control layer 801 is lower than that of SLN 300, so that the domain growth is suppressed (that is, the domain growth rate is reduced), or the domain growth is suppressed. This is because it functions to stop (that is, set the growth rate of the domain to 0).
- control layer 81, the first electrode 802, and the second electrode 803 are removed by etching or chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). You may.
- the control layer 81 is formed of the ferroelectric single crystal 300 and the first electrode 802 in which the spontaneous polarization of the domain is terminated.
- the relationship between the control layer 81 and the ferroelectric single crystal 300 is such that the order of the lattice points of the control layer 81 is different from the lattice point of the ferroelectric single crystal 300. Satisfies lower than order.
- the domain heading from the second electrode 803 to the first electrode 802 decreases the growth rate or becomes zero due to the disorder of the lattice points of the control layer 801. Become.
- termination of spontaneous polarization of the domain is suppressed, and growth of the domain in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the electric field is applied is also suppressed.
- the method of the present invention can be applied regardless of the thickness of the ferroelectric single crystal 300.
- S L N or S L T having a low coercive electric field is used as the ferroelectric single crystal 300, a thick domain-inverted region is obtained, so that an optical wavelength conversion element for high output can be manufactured.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a step of forming a domain-inverted region according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Each step will be described.
- FIG. 9 starts from, for example, step S810 in FIG. Step S9000: providing a photoresist as a mask 940 on the second surface opposite to the first surface.
- the photo resist is patterned into a predetermined shape, for example, a periodic pattern by one photolithography technique.
- the pattern for patterning the photoresist is arbitrary and is not limited to a periodic pattern.
- Step S910 Ions are implanted through the mask 940 into the second surface of the SLN 300, and then the mask 940 is removed to form a further control layer 901.
- the ions implanted into SLN 300 can be noble gas ions or metal ions, and more preferably, He, Ne, Ar, Zn, Nb, and Mn.
- a special experimental device using charged particles can be used.
- Implantation energy is about 1 0 0 K e V ⁇ 2Me V, implanted ions amount Ri of about 1 X 1 0 1 ° ⁇ 8 X 1 0 16 C m- 2 ranging der, implantation depth of about 0. It is in the range of 1 to 5 ⁇ . It should be noted that the above conditions of the ion implantation are only examples, and may be changed according to the order of lattice points of the further control layer 91.
- the implanted ions create defects (in this case, vacancies, self-interstitial atoms, and interstitial impurities) in region 902 of the surface layer of the SLN 300.
- the generated defects accumulate in the region 902, and may eventually amorphize the region 902 (first region) of the SLN 300.
- the conditions of the ion implantation can be changed according to the order of lattice points in the region 902.
- the mask 940 is removed by etching. Thereby, a further control layer 901 is formed.
- the further control layer 90 1 includes an ion-implanted region 9 02 (first region) and a non-ion-implanted region 9 03 (second region). These regions 902 and 903 can be alternately and periodically arranged.
- the evaluation of the order of the lattice points in the region 902 and the region 903 can be performed by, for example, X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the region 903 a diffraction peak indicating SLN300 was generated. It was confirmed that the order of lattice points in the region 902 was lower than the order of lattice points in the region 903.
- the half width of the diffraction peak in the region 903 is equal to the half width of the diffraction peak in SLN300.
- the relationship between the region 902 and the region 903 is such that as long as the order of the lattice points in the region 902 satisfies that the order of the lattice points in the region 903 is low, It does not matter whether 2 is crystalline or amorphous.
- the ion implantation is performed not at the outermost surface but at a predetermined distance from the outermost surface. Therefore, the crystal structure of SLN300 is not affected on the outermost surface.
- the additional control layer 901 is described in the drawings as including the outermost surface of region 902.
- Step S920 Forming a second electrode 9.04 on the further control layer 901 The thing that was extremely easy to reach
- step S930 when a 4o field is applied to the SLN 300, the polarization is reversed at the end of the region 905 of the second electrode 904. Power distribution. Then, four fine domains (polarization inversion regions) are generated.
- the regular shape is, but the 8o 2 9 2
- the generated domain grows in the direction of application of the electric field (that is, in the direction from the electrode 104 of L4202 to the first electrode 202). It is necessary to enter the area.
- the growth rate of the domain growing toward the first electrode 802, the pole, and the thickness of the thick electrode 9, and c, 9 decrease or become zero.
- the order of lattice points of the control layer 81 is lower than that of SLN 300, so that Suppresses the growth of (ie, slows down the growth rate of the domain), and also, theoretically, stops the growth of the domain (ie, reduces the growth rate of the domain to 0)
- Embodiment 5 an additional control layer 901 is formed on the second surface side. Thereby, the side window in the direction of arrow A (FIG. 2) described with reference to FIG. 2 can be suppressed.
- the order of the lattice points in the region 902 of the further control layer 901 is lower than the order of the lattice points in the region 903.
- the growth of the domain of the further control layer 901 into the region 902 is physically suppressed by the disorder of the lattice points in the region 902.
- a domain-inverted region having the same cross-sectional area as the area of the region 905 of the second electrode 904 can be obtained, so that a domain-inverted region controlled with higher precision can be formed.
- a further function of the control layer 901 is to physically stop the domain growth (side window) due to the disorder of the internal lattice points. Therefore, it is desirable that the order of the lattice points of the further control layer 91 is lower.
- the process was started from the step S810 in FIG. 8, but after the step S820 in FIG. 8, ion implantation was performed using the second electrode 803 (FIG. 8) as a mask. Is also good. In this case, the operation is simple because it is not necessary to remove the second electrode 803 by etching or the like.
- control layer 81, the first electrode 802, the further control layer 901 and the second electrode 904 may be etched or chemically etched. It may be removed by mechanical polishing (CMP).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an optical wavelength conversion system using an optical wavelength conversion device 100 according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention, according to the second means of the present invention.
- the light wavelength conversion system includes a light wavelength conversion element 100, a light source 1001, and a condensing optical system 1002.
- Optical wavelength conversion device 100 can be manufactured using the method described in the fourth or fifth embodiment.
- the light wavelength conversion element 100 may be manufactured from, for example, lithium niobate (S L N) 300 having a substantially stoichiometric composition.
- the light wavelength conversion element 100 is 180. It can be manufactured from any ferroelectric single crystal having a domain.
- S L N 3 0 0 0 has a periodically poled region 1 0 3.
- the period of the domain-inverted region is in the range of about 1-3 m.
- S L N 3 0 0 has a control layer 8 0 1.
- the light source 1001 may be, for example, a semiconductor laser, but is not limited thereto. As the light source 1001, any light source can be used as long as it is coherent.
- the light source 1001 emits, for example, light having a wavelength of 780 nm.
- the condensing optical system 1 0 2 can be any optical system that functions to condense the light emitted by the light source 1 001 and make it incident on the light wavelength conversion element 1 000.
- the light emitted from the light source 1001 enters the light wavelength conversion element 1000 via the condensing optical system 1002. This light is called a fundamental wave.
- the domain-inverted region 1003 is periodically repeated in the waveguide direction of the light (fundamental wave) of the light source 1001.
- the fundamental wave and its second harmonic are phase-matched (quasi-phase matched) by such a periodically poled region 1003.
- the fundamental wave is converted into a second harmonic having a wavelength of 390 nm while propagating through the optical wavelength conversion element 1000.
- a reflection film may be provided on the incident surface and the outgoing surface of the fundamental wavelength of the optical wavelength conversion element 1000 so that the optical wavelength conversion element 100 may function as a resonator.
- conversion to short wavelengths for example, conversion of light with a wavelength of 780 nm to light with a wavelength of 390 nm
- the optical wavelength conversion device 100 as a reflection type optical wavelength conversion device, it is possible to further improve the efficiency.
- an optical wavelength conversion element having a fine cap so that the wavelength bandwidth of incident light can be broadened, and as a result, the light source 101 emits light. Improves resistance to fluctuations in light wavelength.
- the optical wavelength conversion device 100 is just an example to which the process of the present invention is applied.
- the present invention is also applicable to an electro-optic polarizer, a modulator, and a surface acoustic wave device.
- the control layer is provided between the ferroelectric single crystal and the first electrode (the electrode on the side where the spontaneous polarization of the domain is terminated).
- the growth rate of the domain growing in the direction from the second electrode to the first electrode is reduced or becomes zero in the control layer.
- the termination of the spontaneous polarization of the domain is suppressed, and the growth of the domain in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the electric field is applied is suppressed.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE602004014399T DE602004014399D1 (de) | 2003-11-12 | 2004-11-10 | Polarisationsumkehrverfahren durch verwendung von defektdichtesteuerung oder gitterpunktordnungssteuerung und lichtwellenlängen-umsetzungselement |
US10/575,271 US7446930B2 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2004-11-10 | Method of inverting polarization by controlling defect density or degree of order of lattice points |
EP04799706A EP1684112B1 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2004-11-10 | Polarization inverting method using defect density control or lattice point order control, and light wavelength conversion element |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-382326 | 2003-11-12 | ||
JP2003382327A JP3987933B2 (ja) | 2003-11-12 | 2003-11-12 | 欠陥密度制御による分極反転法および光波長変換素子 |
JP2003382326A JP3991107B2 (ja) | 2003-11-12 | 2003-11-12 | 格子点の秩序性制御による分極反転法および光波長変換素子 |
JP2003-382327 | 2003-11-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005047969A1 true WO2005047969A1 (ja) | 2005-05-26 |
Family
ID=34593936
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/017029 WO2005047969A1 (ja) | 2003-11-12 | 2004-11-10 | 欠陥密度制御、または、格子点の秩序性制御による分極反転法、および、光波長変換素子 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7446930B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1684112B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004014399D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005047969A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7474458B1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-01-06 | Hc Photonics Corp. | Method for preparing a poled structure with inhibition blocks |
CN102483555A (zh) * | 2009-10-16 | 2012-05-30 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 光学元件的制造方法 |
CN112760595A (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-05-07 | 上海复存信息科技有限公司 | 一种实现铌酸锂晶体表面导电的制备方法 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6542285B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2003-04-01 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Backswitch poling method for domain patterning of ferroelectric materials |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0409104B1 (en) * | 1989-05-18 | 1996-05-01 | Sony Corporation | Method of controlling the domain of a nonlinear ferroelectric optics substrate |
DE69223569T2 (de) * | 1991-09-18 | 1998-04-16 | Fujitsu Ltd | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer optischen Vorrichtung für die Erzeugung eines frequenzverdoppelten optischen Strahls |
DE69531917T2 (de) * | 1994-08-31 | 2004-08-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma | Verfahren zur Herstellung von invertierten Domänen und eines optischen Wellenlängenkonverters mit denselben |
US5875053A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1999-02-23 | Sdl, Inc. | Periodic electric field poled crystal waveguides |
US6002515A (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 1999-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for producing polarization inversion part, optical wavelength conversion element using the same, and optical waveguide |
JP2000066254A (ja) * | 1998-08-18 | 2000-03-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 分極反転構造の形成方法 |
-
2004
- 2004-11-10 DE DE602004014399T patent/DE602004014399D1/de active Active
- 2004-11-10 EP EP04799706A patent/EP1684112B1/en active Active
- 2004-11-10 US US10/575,271 patent/US7446930B2/en active Active
- 2004-11-10 WO PCT/JP2004/017029 patent/WO2005047969A1/ja active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6542285B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2003-04-01 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Backswitch poling method for domain patterning of ferroelectric materials |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
CHEN Y. ET AL: "Effect of Li diffusion on the domain inversion of LiNb03 prepared by vapor transport equilibration", APPL.PHYS.LETT., vol. 81, no. 4, 2002, pages 700 - 702, XP012033063 * |
KIM S. ET AL: "Domain reversal and nonsoi chiometry in lithium tantalate", J.APPL.PHYS., vol. 90, no. 6, 2001, pages 2949 - 2963, XP012054160 * |
PENG L.-H. ET AL: "Mitigration of transverse domain growth in two-dimensional polarization switching of lithium niobate", APPL.PHYS.LETT., vol. 81, no. 27, 2002, pages 5210 - 5212, XP012032944 * |
See also references of EP1684112A4 * |
SEKI H. ET AL: "Selective Nucleation Control in Periodical Poling of LiNb03", TECHNICAL REPORT OF IEICE, OPE2002-40, LQE2002-95, 2002, pages 19 - 22, XP002998416 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE602004014399D1 (de) | 2008-07-24 |
EP1684112B1 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1684112A4 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
US20070053054A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
US7446930B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 |
EP1684112A1 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Mizuuchi et al. | Electric-field poling in Mg-doped LiNbO3 | |
Lu et al. | Si nanocrystal based memories: Effect of the nanocrystal density | |
JP2007096304A (ja) | 強誘電分域アレイ構造及びその製造方法、及び該構造を有する強誘電フィルム | |
Sa et al. | Enhancement of charge and energy storage in PbZrO3 thin films by local field engineering | |
JPH06242478A (ja) | 強誘電体のドメイン反転構造形成方法 | |
TW200401370A (en) | Method for patterning ceramic layers | |
Rubio-Marcos et al. | Photo-controlled ferroelectric-based nanoactuators | |
Chang et al. | Study on dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 0.7 Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-0.3 PbTiO3 single crystal with nano-patterned composite electrode | |
Shur et al. | Formation of self-organized domain structures with charged domain walls in lithium niobate with surface layer modified by proton exchange | |
Shur et al. | Domain shapes in bulk uniaxial ferroelectrics | |
US20050133477A1 (en) | Method for the fabrication of periodically poled Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate nonlinear optical components | |
WO2005047969A1 (ja) | 欠陥密度制御、または、格子点の秩序性制御による分極反転法、および、光波長変換素子 | |
Xi et al. | Enhanced switchable ferroelectric photovoltaic in BiFeO3 based films through chemical-strain-tuned polarization | |
Chezganov et al. | Domain patterning of non-polar cut lithium niobate by focused ion beam | |
Chezganov et al. | Electron beam domain patterning of MgO-doped lithium niobate crystals covered by resist layer | |
JP2004295064A (ja) | 二次元周期性領域反転の強誘電体光学非線形マイクロ格子製造方法 | |
US6597492B1 (en) | Fabrication of an invertedly poled domain structure from a ferroelectric crystal | |
CN116125726A (zh) | 一种基于x切周期极化铌酸锂薄膜的片上纠缠源的设计和制备方法 | |
Chu et al. | Dimension-programmable CsPbBr3 nanowires for plasmonic lasing with PDMS templated technique | |
JP3987933B2 (ja) | 欠陥密度制御による分極反転法および光波長変換素子 | |
Gimadeeva et al. | Domain structure evolution in relaxor PLZT 8/65/35 ceramics after chemical etching and electron beam irradiation | |
Yu et al. | Influences of Nd doping on preparing Mg2 Si semiconductor thin films by thermal evaporation | |
JP3991107B2 (ja) | 格子点の秩序性制御による分極反転法および光波長変換素子 | |
Chen et al. | Submicron domain inversion in Mg-doped LiNbO3 using backswitched poling with short voltage pulses | |
JP2008309828A (ja) | 光波長変換素子の製造方法および光波長変換素子 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007053054 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 10575271 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004799706 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004799706 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10575271 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 2004799706 Country of ref document: EP |