WO2005046039A1 - Onduleur cellulaire a taux reduit de distorsions de commutation - Google Patents
Onduleur cellulaire a taux reduit de distorsions de commutation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005046039A1 WO2005046039A1 PCT/EP2004/052491 EP2004052491W WO2005046039A1 WO 2005046039 A1 WO2005046039 A1 WO 2005046039A1 EP 2004052491 W EP2004052491 W EP 2004052491W WO 2005046039 A1 WO2005046039 A1 WO 2005046039A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- circuit
- compensation
- combination
- inverter
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to equipment ensuring the conversion of a DC electrical voltage into an AC electrical voltage. It relates more particularly to cell type inverters which generate a sinusoidal alternating voltage from a succession of various series combinations of several electrical sources of direct voltage.
- a cellular inverter consists of a chain of several elementary cells of the same configuration and a switching automaton.
- the elementary cells have a bridge structure with a controlled switch in each of the branches of the bridge and an electrical source of direct voltage in a first diagonal of the bridge. They are put in chain by the second diagonal of their bridge structure.
- the bridge of controlled switches of an elementary cell gives the possibility of inserting or not, according to one or the other of the directions of polarization, its electric source of direct voltage in the chain which it forms with the other cells .
- the controlled switch bridges of the various elementary cells it is possible to produce from the chain of elementary cells of a cellular inverter all the possible series combinations of the electrical sources of direct voltage available. In practice, only series combinations where the electrical sources of the elementary cells are placed in the same direction of polarization are of interest.
- the switching automaton controls the controlled switches of the various elementary cells to obtain, between the two ends of the chain, an electric voltage with a sinusoidal amplitude variation. To this end, it has an electrical voltage setpoint to be developed at the ends of the cell chain which is updated periodically. This electrical voltage setpoint expressed in algebraic value corresponds to a sampling, in amplitude and in sign, of a model of the sinusoidal alternating voltage having the desired frequency and phase.
- the switching automaton establishes the series combination of the available direct voltage electric sources which is as close as possible by excess, then uses a voltage regulation by high frequency switching using switches controlled from the elementary cells of the chain to bring the instantaneous voltage delivered by the selected series combination of the direct voltage electrical sources to the precise value of the setpoint.
- the need to change the series combination of electrical sources of DC voltage during use only arises when the voltage regulation by high frequency switching occurs. stop, by lower value or by higher value and must have its capture range centered to continue to function correctly. For this reason, the changes in the series combination of DC voltage electrical sources are managed by stop arrival signals from the voltage regulation by high frequency switching.
- An arrival signal at the upper stop corresponds to a request to switch to a new series combination of electrical sources of direct voltage delivering excessively, the algebraic value of voltage corresponding to the set point of the moment with a greater margin than the current combination of use, therefore to a request for incrementation.
- An arrival signal at the lower stop corresponds to a request to switch to a new series combination of electrical sources of direct voltage delivering in excess, the algebraic voltage value corresponding to the set point of the moment with a lower margin, therefore to a request for decrementing.
- the execution of a change in series combination of the DC voltage sources following an incrementation request or a decrementation request from the voltage regulation by high frequency switching causes a voltage jump at the output of the cellular inverter which is corrected by the voltage control by high frequency switching but which interferes with the output signal of the cellular inverter during the reaction time of the voltage control by high frequency cutting.
- the object of the present invention is to reduce the reaction time of the voltage control by high frequency cutting to the voltage jumps of the changes in the series combination of the DC voltage electrical sources in order to reduce the switching distortions affecting the output signal d 'a cellular inverter.
- This cellular inverter relates to a cellular inverter generating an alternating electrical voltage from a succession of various series combinations of electrical sources of direct voltage.
- This cellular inverter comprises, on the one hand, a chain of several elementary cells and, on the other hand, a switching automaton.
- the elementary cells have a bridge structure with a controlled switch in each of the branches of the bridge and an electrical source of direct voltage in a first diagonal of the bridge. They are connected to each other within the chain by the second diagonal of their bridge structure.
- the switching automaton issues the control commands of the controlled switches of the various elementary cells. It comprises a voltage regulation circuit by high frequency switching and a circuit for selecting the series combination of electrical sources of direct voltage of the elementary cells in service.
- the voltage regulation circuit by chopping operates so as to minimize an error signal representative of the difference existing between the electric voltage present at the ends of the cell chain and a variable voltage setpoint sampling a model form of alternating voltage, and generates arrival signals in upper and lower stops of its operating range.
- the combination selection circuit is controlled by means of arrival signals at the upper and lower operating range stops delivered by the high-frequency chopping voltage regulation circuit.
- This cellular inverter is remarkable in that its switching automaton comprises a high frequency chopping regulation circuit provided with a pre-compensation device which is controlled by the arrival signals in upper and lower operating range stops and which corrects its drag during a voltage jump caused by a change in the series combination of direct voltage electrical sources in use.
- the pre-compensation circuit takes into account the values of the voltage jumps associated with the changes of combination undertaken by the combination selection circuit, the instants of change of combination signaled by the arrival signals at the stops and the time of reaction of the voltage regulation circuit by high frequency switching.
- the pre-compensation device comprises a generator of compensation forms controlled using the arrival signals in stops and an adder circuit adding the compensation form delivered by the compensation form generator circuit to a signal of the circuit.
- high frequency cutting voltage regulation setting the duration of a chopping period allocated to conduction.
- the compensation form generator circuit is a memory storing in sampled form, various compensation forms established by experimentation for each change of combination produced by the combination selection circuit.
- the compensation form generator is a memory which contains compensation forms associated with the DC voltage jumps encountered during changes of combination and which is addressed by an address circuit deducing, arrival signals in stops, the continuous voltage jump corresponding to the combination change made by the combination selection circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cellular inverter
- FIG. 2 and 3 are diagrams of curves illustrating a way of operating for a cellular inverter
- - a Figure 4 is a block diagram of the voltage regulation circuit by high frequency cutting of a cellular inverter of known type
- - Figure 5 is a block diagram of a voltage regulation circuit by high frequency cutting of a cellular inverter according to the invention.
- a cellular inverter is built from elementary cells C1, C2, .., CN each comprising a direct voltage electrical source Vi, ie there N, placed in one of the diagonals of a bridge of four controlled switches STi, SBi, STib and SBib.
- the elementary cells C1, C2, .., CN are placed in series between the output terminals 0 and Vout of the cellular inverter by the diagonal of their bridge of controlled switches not containing their electrical source of direct voltage Vi. Their number depends on the peak-to-peak amplitude of the AC voltage desired at the output and on the values of the voltages of their DC voltage electrical sources.
- the commands GTi and GBi of the controlled switches STi and SBi are complementary and not overlapping in order to avoid short-circuiting of the electrical source of direct voltage Vi.
- the various commands of the controlled switches of the elementary cells C1,..., CN are supplied by a switching automaton 10.
- the output voltage Vout is filtered by a low-pass filter not shown to eliminate the high chopping frequency.
- the electrical sources of DC voltage of the elementary cells have the same value V.
- the usual mode of operation of the controller 10 consists in taking into account the elementary cells C1,..., CN always in the same order, the first, always selected, being used for voltage regulation by high frequency switching and the following N-1 elementary cells being put into service or gradually withdrawn to add or subtract the DC voltages from their electrical sources when the voltage regulation by high frequency switching is no longer sufficient in itself to follow the natural evolution of the instantaneous voltage of the AC voltage model taken for reference.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the behavior of a cellular inverter with seven elementary cells provided with electrical sources of direct voltage of 28 Volts, having to supply an alternating voltage at a frequency of 60 Hertz with an effective value of 115 Volts and having an automaton switch delivering the commands of the controlled switches of the seven elementary cells according to the usual operating mode.
- the elementary cell C1 has its controlled switches ST1, SB1, ST1b and SB1 switched by the high-frequency chopping voltage regulator 100 of the controller 10, at a high frequency of around 200 KHz.
- the other elementary cells C2 to C7 are put into service by the combination selector series 200 of the automaton 10 in order to refocus the operating range of the voltage regulator by high frequency cutting 100, when it signals that it is reaching the stop. of its operating range either by higher value or by lower value.
- FIG. 2 represents the voltage setpoint over a period of the model to be followed of sinusoidal alternating voltage.
- FIG. 3 represents the output voltage Vout of the cellular inverter resulting from the switching of the controlled switches of its elementary cells C1, ..., CN following the orders given by its switching automaton 10.
- the output voltage of the cellular inverter approaches the sinusoidal form of the voltage of the model to be followed by a succession of steps separated by 28 Volt jumps, each step being cut at high frequency between +28 Volts and - 28 Volts.
- FIG. 4 details the usual structure of the voltage regulator by high frequency cutting 100 of a cellular inverter.
- This comprises a low-noise interference filter 101 receiving the output voltage Vout of the cellular inverter, a comparator 102 comparing the output signal of the low-pass filter 101 with a setpoint Vref, a corrector circuit 103 generating a signal Se setting the conduction time during a high frequency chopping period, a pulse generator 104 connected following the correcting circuit 103, supplying, at the rate of the high frequency chopping, PWM pulses modulated in width by the signal Se of the corrector circuit for controlling the closing of the controlled switches of the elementary cell C1, a circuit 105 detector for arriving at the upper stop of the regulation range connected after the corrector circuit 103, supplying a signal I arriving at the upper stop corresponding to a request to increase the continuous electrical voltage made available to the regulator 100 and a circuit 106 arrival detector ée in lower limit of the regulation range connected following the corrector circuit 103, supplying a signal D request to decrease the continuous electric voltage made available to the regulator.
- the corrector circuit 103 is an integrator circuit of a higher or lower order, the function of which is to extract from the error signal the value of the conduction time during a high frequency chopping period most likely to cancel the error signal.
- the PWM width modulated pulse generator 104 generally consists of a ramp generator at the switching frequency, a comparator circuit subtracting from the servo signal generated by the corrector circuit 103 the generator signal. ramp and an amplifier-limiter circuit placed at the output.
- the circuit 105 arrival detector at the upper regulation range stop generally consists of a subtracting comparator from the signal servo generated by the corrector circuit 103, a threshold value AlphaMax and an amplifier-limiter circuit placed at the output.
- the circuit 106 detector for arriving at the lower limit of the regulation range generally consists of a comparator subtracting, from a threshold value AlphaMin, the servo signal generated by the corrector circuit 103 and an amplifier circuit. limiter placed at the outlet.
- the signals I and D of the stop detectors 105 and 106 are applied to the series combination selector 200 to control a change in the series combination of DC voltage sources in use, ie to increase the DC voltage provision of the voltage regulator by HF switching, or to reduce it.
- the signal from the PWM width modulated pulse generator is supplied to the controlled switches of the elementary cell C1 via the combination switch series 200 because the latter chooses the pair of switches SB1, SB1b or ST1, ST1b receiving the signal PWM or the signal complementary to the PWM signal on its control input.
- FIG. 5 gives an example of the structure of a voltage regulator by high frequency switching for a cellular inverter including a pre-compensation circuit.
- This regulator incorporates all the elements of the regulator of FIG. 4 which have kept the same references with, in addition, a generator of compensation forms 107 controlled by the signals output I and D of circuits 105, 106 detectors arriving at the regulation range stops and an adder 108 interposed downstream of the corrector circuit 103, in front of the PWM width modulated pulse generator 104 and circuits 105, 106 detectors arrival at regulation range stops.
- the generator 107 of compensation forms is a memory which stores, in sampled form, the forms of control signals adapted to the correction of the parasitic voltage steps appearing, without pre-compensation, at the output of the cellular inverter during the various possible changes of series combinations of direct voltage electrical sources, associated with an addressing circuit controlled by the output signals I and D of circuits 105, 106 arrival detectors in regulation range stops.
- the addressing circuit of the generator 107 of compensation forms associates each compensation form with a jump amplitude of DC voltage resulting from a change in series combination of DC voltage sources.
- the precompensation circuit adds a step to the servo signal voltage causing an immediate readjustment of the servo of the regulator by cutting, and giving the corrector circuit 103 time to clear its offset.
- the generator 107 of compensation forms memorizes only one form of correction signal with a sign or the reverse sign since all the electrical voltage sources DC are assumed to have the same value and that the DC voltage sources of the elementary cells are added one by one.
- the generator 107 of compensation forms may include an additional input for selecting compensation forms (ad FIG. 5) controlled by an output of the combination selector 200 giving information on the amplitude of the voltage jump accompanying each change during serial combination.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04791190A EP1695435A1 (fr) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-10-11 | Onduleur cellulaire a taux reduit de distorsions de commutation |
US10/578,309 US7239534B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-10-11 | Cellular inverter with reduced switching distortion rate |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0312929 | 2003-11-04 | ||
FR0312929A FR2861918B1 (fr) | 2003-11-04 | 2003-11-04 | Onduleur cellulaire a taux reduit de distorsions de commutation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005046039A1 true WO2005046039A1 (fr) | 2005-05-19 |
Family
ID=34429883
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/052491 WO2005046039A1 (fr) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-10-11 | Onduleur cellulaire a taux reduit de distorsions de commutation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7239534B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1695435A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2861918B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005046039A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2860352B1 (fr) * | 2003-09-29 | 2006-02-24 | Thales Sa | Systeme d'equilibrage d'un dispositif de stockage d'energie |
FR2900513B1 (fr) * | 2006-04-26 | 2010-05-21 | Thales Sa | Dispositif de transfert de puissance isole perfectionne |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5734565A (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-03-31 | American Superconductor Corporation | Reducing switching losses in series connected bridge inverters and amplifiers |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4161771A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1979-07-17 | Gulton Industries, Inc. | Inverter ripple regulator |
FR2729515B1 (fr) * | 1995-01-13 | 1997-04-18 | Sextant Avionique | Convertisseurs de tension bidirectionnels de type continu-continu et capteur de courant |
FR2729471B1 (fr) * | 1995-01-13 | 1997-04-18 | Sextant Avionique | Convertisseurs de tension bidirectionnels de type continu-continu et capteur de courant |
FR2729516B1 (fr) * | 1995-01-13 | 1997-04-18 | Sextant Avionique | Convertisseurs de tension bidirectionnels de type continu-continu et capteur de courant |
FR2773013B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-23 | 2000-03-03 | Sextant Avionique | Procede de commande d'un convertisseur de tension continu-continu a stockage inductif |
FR2772973B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-23 | 2000-06-30 | Sextant Avionique | Bobinage pour transformateur planar |
FR2772923B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-23 | 2000-03-17 | Sextant Avionique | Circuit electronique de surveillance de tension electrique |
FR2786339B1 (fr) * | 1998-11-20 | 2001-02-02 | Sextant Avionique | Dispositif de transfert de puissance par transformateur d'energie electrique |
US6556461B1 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2003-04-29 | Power Paragon, Inc. | Step switched PWM sine generator |
FR2834143B1 (fr) * | 2001-12-20 | 2004-02-27 | Thales Sa | Hacheur serie a commutation synchrone |
FR2839381B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-03 | 2004-07-02 | Thales Sa | Coupleur magnetique unitaire et alimentation a decoupage |
FR2852748B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-18 | 2005-06-03 | Hacheur serie a commutation synchrone et faibles pertes |
-
2003
- 2003-11-04 FR FR0312929A patent/FR2861918B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-11 US US10/578,309 patent/US7239534B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-11 EP EP04791190A patent/EP1695435A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-11 WO PCT/EP2004/052491 patent/WO2005046039A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5734565A (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-03-31 | American Superconductor Corporation | Reducing switching losses in series connected bridge inverters and amplifiers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2861918A1 (fr) | 2005-05-06 |
EP1695435A1 (fr) | 2006-08-30 |
US20070070666A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
US7239534B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 |
FR2861918B1 (fr) | 2006-02-03 |
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