WO2005046031A1 - Electric commutator armature machine equipped with an interference filter - Google Patents

Electric commutator armature machine equipped with an interference filter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005046031A1
WO2005046031A1 PCT/DE2004/000984 DE2004000984W WO2005046031A1 WO 2005046031 A1 WO2005046031 A1 WO 2005046031A1 DE 2004000984 W DE2004000984 W DE 2004000984W WO 2005046031 A1 WO2005046031 A1 WO 2005046031A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical machine
ground connection
machine according
interference filter
filter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2004/000984
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Claus Schmiederer
Tobias Kuechen
Ulrich Frank
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2005046031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005046031A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/02—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for suppression of electromagnetic interference
    • H02K11/026—Suppressors associated with brushes, brush holders or their supports

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine with a commutator rotor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the commutation system In the case of commutator rotors, the commutation system consists of a commutator attached to the rotor and the stationary carbon brushes which interact with it. These slide on the surface of the commutator lamellae and cause gas discharges with very steep current rise times during the transition from one lamella to the next lamella, which lead to high-frequency interference radiation. This interference radiation must be suppressed as far as possible, particularly in the on-board electrical system of motor vehicles.
  • interference filters are used for this purpose, which are connected on the one hand to the connection contacts of the machine, for example on a connection plug on the one hand, and to the pole housing of the machine on the other hand. Depending on the requirements, these suppression filters consist of suppression capacitors in accordance with DE 198 45 862 A2 and / or suppression inductors.
  • the aim of the present solution is to minimize the interference radiation by means of the shortest possible interference coupling paths by moving the filter elements as close as possible to the interference source.
  • the electrical machine according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that the connecting lines are kept as short as possible on the one hand and are of the same length on the other hand due to the spatial arrangement of the capacitive interference filter between the carbon brushes. Since also that
  • Interference filter at this point with low inductance to connect to the machine housing, there are extremely short interference coupling paths. This achieves a low-radiation direct current motor for use in motor vehicles, which fully complies with the interference levels required by law and the market in the relevant frequency ranges.
  • interference suppression fields be designed as X2Y ceramic filters with two opposing connections, each of which faces one of the two carbon brushes, so that they have the shortest possible electrical connection to their carbon brush via the respective connecting line .
  • the two mutually opposite connections of the interference filter are connected symmetrically to the carbon brushes and the connection contacts of the electrical machine.
  • the ground connection of the interference filter be connected to the housing of the machine with a low inductance via a large-area conductor.
  • the Ground connection of the interference filter arranged symmetrically between the two connections, each connected with a carbon brush, and contacted with the large-area conductor.
  • the suppressor filter and the large-area conductor connected to its ground connection are fixed in the simplest manner on the brush holder plate of the machine between the brush holders of the two carbon brushes.
  • the large-area conductor is expediently designed in the form of a band and is in flat contact at one end region with the ground connection of the interference suppression filter and is fixed in a flat manner with its other end region on the housing of the machine.
  • the band-shaped conductor is a copper sheet, the end region of which is remote from the interference filter is clamped between the brush holder plate and the end face of the housing of the machine.
  • a metallized plastic film or the like can also be used here.
  • the X2Y ceramic filter can advantageously be produced in one piece as a single-chip interference suppression element using known SMD technology, with two mutually opposite ground pads being in flat contact with the band-shaped conductor as a ground connection. If one would like to be able to achieve higher degrees of freedom with the X and Y capacitances of the interference suppressor, it is advantageously proposed that the X2Y-
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a motor vehicle wiper motor as an electrical machine
  • FIG. 2 shows the front view of the assembled brush holder plate with the interference filter according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a cutout of the machine according to FIG. 1 with housing, brush support plate and suppression filter in cross section
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of the interference filter according to the invention between carbon brushes and connector.
  • FIG. 5 shows a one-piece ceramic filter a) in an enlarged view, b) as an electrical circuit
  • FIG. 6 shows an interference filter composed of three discrete capacitances a) in an enlarged view, b) as an electrical circuit
  • a wiper motor for the windshield wiper system of a motor vehicle is shown as an electrical machine and is designated by 10.
  • the wiper motor 10 is a direct current motor with a commutator rotor 11, which interacts with magnetic poles 13 of its stator 14 via a working air gap 12.
  • the magnetic poles 13 are fastened on the inside of a pot-shaped pole housing 15, which as a ground potential when the wiper motor 10 is connected to the DC electrical system of a motor vehicle
  • the commutator rotor 11 is connected with its rotor winding 16 to a commutator 17 which is fastened to a section of a rotor shaft 18 and whose lamellae 19 interact with two carbon brushes 20 lying opposite one another.
  • the carbon brushes 20 are each received in a brush holder 21 on a brush holder plate 22, which covers the pole housing 15 on the end face.
  • the rotor shaft 18 is received on an indicated worm gear 23 on a bearing flange 24, and screwed together with the brush holder plate 20 by means of screws 25 to the pole housing 15.
  • a wiper electronics 26 is accommodated in a cavity between the brush holder plate 22 and the bearing flange 24.
  • the bearing flange 24 has a laterally formed electrical connection 27, the connecting plug 28 or connecting terminal or connection contact of which is connected to the wiper electronics 26 and the carbon brushes 20 in a manner not shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows the brush holder plate 22 arranged on the end face of the pole housing 15 in the front view. It can be seen there that a capacitive suppression filter 30 is arranged between the carbon brushes 20.
  • the suppression filter is designed as an X2Y ceramic filter with two opposing connections A and B, each of which faces one of the two carbon brushes 20. These connections A and B are each connected via connection wires 31 to the carbon brush 20 closest to them.
  • the connecting strands 31 form connecting lines of the same length if possible Short electrical connection between the suppression filter 30 and the carbon brushes 20.
  • the suppression filter 30 has a ground connection G symmetrically between the two connections A and B, each of which is connected to a carbon brush 20, which is in contact with a flat, large-area conductor 32.
  • the suppression filter 30 and the conductor 32 connected to the ground connection G are laterally framed and fixed on the brush holder plate 22 by two strips 33 of the brush holder plate 22.
  • the fixation on the brush holder plate 22 is optionally carried out by gluing.
  • the large-area conductor 32 creates a low-inductance electrical connection between the suppression filter 30 and the pole housing 15, as can be seen in the cutout according to FIG. 3.
  • the large-area conductor 32 is a band-shaped copper sheet, one end region 32a of which is in flat contact with the ground connection G of the interference suppression filter 30 and the other end region 32b of which is fixed on the pole housing 15 by laying it around the edge 22a of the brush holder plate 22 and outside is then clamped between the brush holder plate 22 and the end face of the pole housing 15 by means of the screws 25 from FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows in a schematic representation that the two opposite connections A and B of the interference suppression filter 30 are connected symmetrically to the carbon brushes 20 on the one hand and to the connector plugs 28 on the same length via connecting leads 31 of the same length and via connecting lines 34 of the same length.
  • the symmetrical connection of the capacitance C x of the interference suppression filter 30 (FIG. 5 b) to the carbon brushes 20 results in an optimal damping of the so-called push-pull interferers, and a low-inductance ground connection for the decoupling of the so-called common mode interference via the capacitances C y is realized via the large-area conductor 32.
  • supply lines 34 are designed to be wavelength-optimized, so that residual interference radiation is not coupled in again due to an antenna effect.
  • the suppression filter 30 is manufactured in one piece in SMD technology as an X2Y ceramic filter.
  • the connections A and B are arranged on the opposite end faces.
  • Two ground pads Gl and G2 which are opposite one another, are arranged on the long sides of the ceramic filter as the ground connection in the middle of the connections A and B, and are contacted flatly with the band-shaped conductor 32 according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 5b shows the circuit of the interference filter 30, the connections A and B of the capacitance C x are connected to the connection between the one carbon brush 20 and the plus terminal or to the connection of the other carbon brush and the minus terminal.
  • the two capacitances C y each lie here between the ground connection G and the connection A or B.
  • FIG. 6 shows a discrete structure of the X2Y ceramic filter 30a from three capacitors.
  • the ground terminal G is here between the two in series capacitances C y l and C y 2.
  • the ground terminal G in addition to the capacitance C x, which is connected in parallel to the two capacitances Cyl and Cy2.
  • the connections A and B of the three capacitors are connected to one another via contact bridges A b and B b .
  • the ground contact G is contacted over the area of the strip-shaped conductor according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Figure 6b shows the corresponding circuit of the three capacitors.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric machine comprising a commutator armature (11) whose rotating commutator bars (19) interact with two fixed carbon brushes (20) that can be connected to a power supply via connecting leads (31, 34). A capacitive interference filter (30) is connected to the connecting leads and is connected via a ground connection (G) to the pole casing (15) of the electric machine. In order to obtain the smallest possible interfering radiation, the capacitive interference filter (30) is placed on the face of the electric machine between the carbon brushes (20), is, via its ground connection (G), connected with low-inductance to the pole casing (15), and is connected via connecting leads (30, 34) of the same length to the carbon brushes (21) on one side and to the connecting contacts (28) of the machine on the other.

Description

Elektrische Kommutatorläufer-Maschine mit EntstorfilterElectric commutator rotor machine with suppression filter
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Maschine mit einem Kommutatorläufer nach dem Gattungsbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electrical machine with a commutator rotor according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei Kommutatorläufern besteht das Kommutierungssystem aus einem am Läufer befestigten Kommutator und den damit zusammenwirkenden ortsfesten Kohlebürsten. Diese gleiten auf der Oberfläche der Kommutatorlamellen und verursachten beim Übergang von einer Lamelle zur nächsten Lamelle Gasentladungen mit sehr steilen Stromanstiegszeiten, welche zu einer hochfrequenten Storabstrahlung führen. Insbesondere im Gleichstrom-Bordnetz von Kraftfahrzeugen muss diese Störstrahlung weitmöglichst unterdrückt werden. Dazu werden bei bekannten Ausführungen Entstorfilter verwendet, die einerseits mit den Anschlusskontakten der Maschine, zum Beispiel an einem Anschlussstecker einerseits und mit dem Polgehäuse der Maschine andererseits verbunden sind. Diese Entstorfilter bestehen je nach Anforderungen aus Entstörkondensatoren gemäß DE 198 45 862 A2 und/oder Entstörinduktivitäten.In the case of commutator rotors, the commutation system consists of a commutator attached to the rotor and the stationary carbon brushes which interact with it. These slide on the surface of the commutator lamellae and cause gas discharges with very steep current rise times during the transition from one lamella to the next lamella, which lead to high-frequency interference radiation. This interference radiation must be suppressed as far as possible, particularly in the on-board electrical system of motor vehicles. In known designs, interference filters are used for this purpose, which are connected on the one hand to the connection contacts of the machine, for example on a connection plug on the one hand, and to the pole housing of the machine on the other hand. Depending on the requirements, these suppression filters consist of suppression capacitors in accordance with DE 198 45 862 A2 and / or suppression inductors.
Aufgrund der weithin in Kraftfahrzeugen verbreiteten Anwendung elektronischer Steuerungen durch Mikroprozessoren und dergleichen ist es erforderlich, die vorerwähnte Storabstrahlung in möglichst enge Grenzen zu halten. Mit der vorliegenden Lösung wird angestrebt, durch eine Verlagerung der Filterelemente möglichst dicht an die Störquelle die Storabstrahlung durch möglichst kurze Störkoppelpfade zu minimieren.Due to the widespread use of electronic controls by microprocessors and the like in motor vehicles, it is necessary to keep the above-mentioned interference radiation within the narrowest possible limits. The aim of the present solution is to minimize the interference radiation by means of the shortest possible interference coupling paths by moving the filter elements as close as possible to the interference source.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße elektrische Maschine mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat den Vorteil, dass durch die räumliche Anordnung des kapazitiven Entstörfilters zwischen den Kohlebürsten die Anschlussleitungen einerseits so kurz wie möglich gehalten und andererseits gleich lang ausgebildet sind. Da außerdem dasThe electrical machine according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that the connecting lines are kept as short as possible on the one hand and are of the same length on the other hand due to the spatial arrangement of the capacitive interference filter between the carbon brushes. Since also that
Entstorfilter an dieser Stelle induktivitätsarm mit dem Gehäuse der Maschine zu verbinden ist, ergeben sich extrem kurze Störkoppelpfade. Damit erreicht man einen strahlungsarmen Gleichstrommotor für den Einsatz in Kraftfahrzeugen, der die vom Gesetzgeber sowie vom Markt geforderten Entstörgrade in den relevanten Frequenzbereichen voll entspricht.Interference filter at this point with low inductance to connect to the machine housing, there are extremely short interference coupling paths. This achieves a low-radiation direct current motor for use in motor vehicles, which fully complies with the interference levels required by law and the market in the relevant frequency ranges.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich bei dieser Lösung im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik durch Kosteneinsparungen aufgrund nicht mehr benötigter induktiver Entstörelemente, durch Teileminimierung sowie durch eine Verringerung der Fertigungsschritte bei der Herstellung der Maschine. Außerdem lässt sich damit bei der Bürstenhalter-Konstruktion die Gestaltungsfreiheit erhöhen.This solution offers further advantages compared to the prior art through cost savings due to inductive interference suppression elements that are no longer required, through parts minimization and through a reduction in the number of manufacturing steps in the manufacture of the machine. In addition, the design of the brush holder can be increased.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen ergeben sich vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Merkmale.The measures listed in the subclaims result in advantageous refinements and developments of the features specified in the main claim.
So wird zur Erzielung einer möglichst geringen Storabstrahlung vorgeschlagen, dass Entstörfelder als X2Y-Keramik-Filter mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Anschlüssen auszubilden, die jeweils einer der beiden Kohlebürsten zugewandt sind, so dass sie über die jeweilige Anschlussleitung eine möglichst kurze elektrische Verbindung zu ihrer Kohlebürste haben. Ferner ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die beiden einander gegenüberliegenden Anschlüsse des Entstörfilters symmetrisch mit den Kohlebürsten und den Anschlusskontakten der elektrischen Maschine verbunden sind. Zur Erzielung einer möglichst induktivitätsarmen Masseverbindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Masseanschluss des Entstörfilters über eine großflächigen Leiter induktivitätsarm mit dem Gehäuse der Maschine verbunden ist. In vorteilhafter Weise ist dabei der Masseanschluss des Entstörfilters symmetrisch zwischen den beiden mit je einer Kohlebürste verbundenen Anschlüssen angeordnet und mit dem großflächigen Leiter kontaktiert.In order to achieve the lowest possible interference radiation, it is proposed that interference suppression fields be designed as X2Y ceramic filters with two opposing connections, each of which faces one of the two carbon brushes, so that they have the shortest possible electrical connection to their carbon brush via the respective connecting line , Furthermore, it is expedient if the two mutually opposite connections of the interference filter are connected symmetrically to the carbon brushes and the connection contacts of the electrical machine. To achieve an inductance connection that is as low as possible, it is proposed that the ground connection of the interference filter be connected to the housing of the machine with a low inductance via a large-area conductor. Advantageously, the Ground connection of the interference filter arranged symmetrically between the two connections, each connected with a carbon brush, and contacted with the large-area conductor.
In einfachster Weise ist das Entstorfilter und der mit dessen Masseanschluss verbundene großflächige Leiter auf der Bürstenhalterplatte der Maschine zwischen den Bürstenhaltern der beiden Kohlebürsten fixiert. Dabei ist der großflächige Leiter zweckmäßigerweise bandförmig ausgebildet und an seinem einen Endbereich mit dem Masseanschluss des Entstörfilters flächig kontaktiert sowie mit seinem anderen Endbereich am Gehäuse der Maschine flächig fixiert. In einfachster Weise ist der bandförmige Leiter ein Kupferblech, dessen dem Entstorfilter abgewandter Endbereich zwischen der Bürstenhalterplatte und der Stirnseite des Gehäuses der Maschine festgeklemmt ist. Anstelle eines Kupferbleches kann hier auch eine metallisierte Kunststofffolie oder dergleichen verwendet werden.The suppressor filter and the large-area conductor connected to its ground connection are fixed in the simplest manner on the brush holder plate of the machine between the brush holders of the two carbon brushes. In this case, the large-area conductor is expediently designed in the form of a band and is in flat contact at one end region with the ground connection of the interference suppression filter and is fixed in a flat manner with its other end region on the housing of the machine. In the simplest manner, the band-shaped conductor is a copper sheet, the end region of which is remote from the interference filter is clamped between the brush holder plate and the end face of the housing of the machine. Instead of a copper sheet, a metallized plastic film or the like can also be used here.
In vorteilhafter Weise lässt sich das X2Y-Keramik-Filter als Single-Chip-Entstörelement in bekannter SMD-Technologie einteilig herstellen, wobei zwei einander gegenüberliegende Massepads als Masseanschluss mit dem bandförmigen Leiter flächig kontaktiert sind. Möchte man bei dem X- und Y-Kapazitäten des Entstörfϊlters höhere Freiheitsgrade realisieren können, wird in vorteilhafter Weise vorgeschlagen, das X2Y-The X2Y ceramic filter can advantageously be produced in one piece as a single-chip interference suppression element using known SMD technology, with two mutually opposite ground pads being in flat contact with the band-shaped conductor as a ground connection. If one would like to be able to achieve higher degrees of freedom with the X and Y capacitances of the interference suppressor, it is advantageously proposed that the X2Y-
Keramik-Filter aus drei diskreten Kapazitäten zusammenzusetzen, wobei der Masseanschluss zwischen den zwei in Reihe liegenden Y-Kapazitäten und neben der dazu parallel liegenden X-Kapazität angeordnet und flächig mit dem bandförmigen Leiter kontaktiert wird.Assembling ceramic filters from three discrete capacitances, the ground connection being arranged between the two Y capacitances lying in series and next to the X capacitance lying parallel to it, and being contacted flatly with the band-shaped conductor.
Zeichnungdrawing
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden beispielhaft anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Kfz-Wischermotor als elektrische Maschine,The invention is explained in more detail below using the figures as an example. FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a motor vehicle wiper motor as an electrical machine,
Figur 2 die Vorderansicht der montierten Bürstenhalterplatte mit erfindungsgemäßen Entstorfilter,FIG. 2 shows the front view of the assembled brush holder plate with the interference filter according to the invention,
Figur 3 einen Ausbruch der Maschine nach Figur 1 mit Gehäuse, Bürstentragplatte und Entstorfilter im Querschnitt, Figur 4 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung das erfindungsgemäße Entstorfilter zwischen Kohlebürsten und Anschlussstecker.3 shows a cutout of the machine according to FIG. 1 with housing, brush support plate and suppression filter in cross section, Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of the interference filter according to the invention between carbon brushes and connector.
Figur 5 zeigt ein einteiliges Keramik-Filter a) in vergrößerter Darstellung, b) als elektrische Schaltung, Figur 6 zeigte ein aus drei diskreten Kapazitäten zusammengesetztes Entstorfilter a) in vergrößerter Darstellung, b) als elektrische Schaltung,FIG. 5 shows a one-piece ceramic filter a) in an enlarged view, b) as an electrical circuit, FIG. 6 shows an interference filter composed of three discrete capacitances a) in an enlarged view, b) as an electrical circuit,
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
In Figur 1 ist als elektrische Maschine ein Wischermotor für die Scheibenwischanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs dargestellt und mit 10 bezeichnet. Der Wischermotor 10 ist ein Gleichstrommotor mit einem Kommutatorläufer 11, der über einen Arbeitsluftspalt 12 mit Magnetpolen 13 seines Stators 14 zusammenwirkt. Die Magnetpole 13 sind auf der Innenseite eines topfförmigen Polgehäuses 15 befestigt, welches beim Anschluss des Wischermotors 10 am Gleichstrom-Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeugs als MassepotentialIn FIG. 1, a wiper motor for the windshield wiper system of a motor vehicle is shown as an electrical machine and is designated by 10. The wiper motor 10 is a direct current motor with a commutator rotor 11, which interacts with magnetic poles 13 of its stator 14 via a working air gap 12. The magnetic poles 13 are fastened on the inside of a pot-shaped pole housing 15, which as a ground potential when the wiper motor 10 is connected to the DC electrical system of a motor vehicle
(virtuelles Ruhepotential) dient. Der Kommutatorläufer 11 ist mit seiner Läuferwicklung 16 an einen Kommutator 17 angeschlossen, der auf einen Abschnitt einer Läuferwelle 18 befestigt ist und dessen Lamellen 19 mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Kohlebürsten 20 zusammenwirken. Die Kohlebürsten 20 sind jeweils in einem Bürstenhalter 21 an einer Bürstenhalterplatte 22 aufgenommen, welche das Polgehäuse 15 stirnseitig abdeckt.(virtual resting potential) serves. The commutator rotor 11 is connected with its rotor winding 16 to a commutator 17 which is fastened to a section of a rotor shaft 18 and whose lamellae 19 interact with two carbon brushes 20 lying opposite one another. The carbon brushes 20 are each received in a brush holder 21 on a brush holder plate 22, which covers the pole housing 15 on the end face.
Die Läuferwelle 18 ist zu einem angedeuteten Schneckengetriebe 23 hin an einem Lagerflansch 24 aufgenommen, und mitsamt der Bürstenhalterplatte 20 mittels Schrauben 25 am Polgehäuse 15 festgeschraubt. In einem Hohlraum zwischen Bürstenhalterplatte 22 und Lagerflansch 24 ist eine Wischerelektronik 26 untergebracht. Der Lagerflansch 24 hat einen seitlich angeformten elektrischen Anschluss 27, dessen Anschlussstecker 28 bzw. Anschlussklemme oder Anschlusskontakt in nicht dargestellter Weise sowohl mit der Wischerelektronik 26 als auch mit den Kohlebürsten 20 verbunden sind.The rotor shaft 18 is received on an indicated worm gear 23 on a bearing flange 24, and screwed together with the brush holder plate 20 by means of screws 25 to the pole housing 15. A wiper electronics 26 is accommodated in a cavity between the brush holder plate 22 and the bearing flange 24. The bearing flange 24 has a laterally formed electrical connection 27, the connecting plug 28 or connecting terminal or connection contact of which is connected to the wiper electronics 26 and the carbon brushes 20 in a manner not shown.
In Figur 2 ist die auf der Stirnseite des Polgehäuses 15 angeordnete Bürstenhalterplatte 22 in der Vorderansicht dargestellt. Dort ist erkennbar, dass ein kapazitives Entstorfilter 30 zwischen den Kohlebürsten 20 angeordnet ist. Das Entstorfilter ist als X2Y-Keramik- Filter mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Anschlüssen A und B ausgebildet, die jeweils einer der beiden Kohlebürsten 20 zugewandt sind. Diese Anschlüsse A und B sind jeweils über Anschlusslitzen 31 mit der ihnen am nächsten liegenden Kohlebürste 20 verbunden. Die Anschlusslitzen 31 bilden gleich lange Anschlussleitungen mit möglichst kurzer elektrischer Verbindung zwischen Entstorfilter 30 und den Kohlebürsten 20. Das Entstorfilter 30 hat symmetrisch zwischen den beiden mit je einer Kohlebürste 20 verbundenen Anschlüssen A und B einen Masseanschluss G, welcher flächig mit einem bandförmigen, großflächigen Leiter 32 kontaktiert ist. Das Entstorfilter 30 und der mit dem Masseanschluss G verbundene Leiter 32 ist auf der Bürstenhalterplatte 22 seitlich von zwei Leisten 33 der Bürstenhalterplatte 22 eingefasst und fixiert. Die Fixierung auf der Bürstenhalterplatte 22 erfolgt gegebenenfalls durch eine Klebung.FIG. 2 shows the brush holder plate 22 arranged on the end face of the pole housing 15 in the front view. It can be seen there that a capacitive suppression filter 30 is arranged between the carbon brushes 20. The suppression filter is designed as an X2Y ceramic filter with two opposing connections A and B, each of which faces one of the two carbon brushes 20. These connections A and B are each connected via connection wires 31 to the carbon brush 20 closest to them. The connecting strands 31 form connecting lines of the same length if possible Short electrical connection between the suppression filter 30 and the carbon brushes 20. The suppression filter 30 has a ground connection G symmetrically between the two connections A and B, each of which is connected to a carbon brush 20, which is in contact with a flat, large-area conductor 32. The suppression filter 30 and the conductor 32 connected to the ground connection G are laterally framed and fixed on the brush holder plate 22 by two strips 33 of the brush holder plate 22. The fixation on the brush holder plate 22 is optionally carried out by gluing.
Der großflächige Leiter 32 stellt eine induktivitätsarme elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Entstorfilter 30 und dem Polgehäuse 15 her, wie dies in dem Ausbruch nach Figur 3 erkennbar ist. Gemäß Figur 3 ist der großflächige Leiter 32 ein bandförmiges Kupferblech, dessen einer Endbereich 32a mit dem Masseanschluss G des Entstörfilters 30 flächig kontaktiert ist und dessen anderer Endbereich 32b am Polgehäuse 15 flächig fixiert wird, indem er außen um den Rand 22a der Bürstenhalterplatte 22 herumgelegt und dann zwischen Bürstenhalterplatte 22 und der Stirnseite des Polgehäuses 15 mittels der Schrauben 25 aus Figur 1 festgeklemmt wird.The large-area conductor 32 creates a low-inductance electrical connection between the suppression filter 30 and the pole housing 15, as can be seen in the cutout according to FIG. 3. According to FIG. 3, the large-area conductor 32 is a band-shaped copper sheet, one end region 32a of which is in flat contact with the ground connection G of the interference suppression filter 30 and the other end region 32b of which is fixed on the pole housing 15 by laying it around the edge 22a of the brush holder plate 22 and outside is then clamped between the brush holder plate 22 and the end face of the pole housing 15 by means of the screws 25 from FIG.
Figur 4 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung, dass die beiden einander gegenüberliegenden Anschlüsse A und B des Entstörfilters 30 über gleich lange Anschlusslitzen 31 sowie über gleich lange Anschlussleitungen 34 symmetrisch mit den Kohlebürsten 20 einerseits sowie mit den Anschlusssteckern 28 andererseits verbunden sind. Durch die symmetrische Anbindung der Kapazität Cx des Entstörfilters 30 (Figur 5b) an die Kohlebürsten 20 wird eine optimale Bedämpfung der sogenannten Gegentaktstörer erzielt und über den großflächigen Leiter 32 wird eine induktivitätsarme Masseverbindung für die Entkopplung der sogenannten Gleichtaktstörung über die Kapazitäten Cy realisiert.FIG. 4 shows in a schematic representation that the two opposite connections A and B of the interference suppression filter 30 are connected symmetrically to the carbon brushes 20 on the one hand and to the connector plugs 28 on the same length via connecting leads 31 of the same length and via connecting lines 34 of the same length. The symmetrical connection of the capacitance C x of the interference suppression filter 30 (FIG. 5 b) to the carbon brushes 20 results in an optimal damping of the so-called push-pull interferers, and a low-inductance ground connection for the decoupling of the so-called common mode interference via the capacitances C y is realized via the large-area conductor 32.
Zudem sind die Versorgungsleitungen 34 wellenlängen-optimiert ausgebildet, so dass Rest-Störabstrahlungen nicht durch einen Antenneneffekt wieder eingekoppelt werden.In addition, the supply lines 34 are designed to be wavelength-optimized, so that residual interference radiation is not coupled in again due to an antenna effect.
Gemäß Figur 5 ist das Entstorfilter 30 in SMD-Technologie als X2Y-Keramik-Filter einteilig hergestellt. Gemäß dem in Figur 5a dargestellten Aufbau sind die Anschlüsse A und B auf den einander gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten angeordnet. Als Masseanschluss sind hier mittig zu den Anschlüssen A und B zwei einander gegenüberliegende Massepads Gl und G2 an den Längsseiten des Keramik-Filters angeordnet, welche flächig mit dem bandförmigen Leiter 32 gemäß Figur 2 und 3 kontaktiert werden. Figur 5b zeigt die Schaltung des Entstörfilters 30, wobei die Anschlüsse A und B der Kapazität Cx an die Verbindung zwischen der einen Kohlebürste 20 und der Plus-Klemme beziehungsweise an die Verbindung der anderen Kohlebürste und der Minus-Klemme angeschlossen sind. Die beiden Kapazitäten Cy liegen hier jeweils zwischen dem Masseanschluss G und dem Anschluss A beziehungsweise B.According to FIG. 5, the suppression filter 30 is manufactured in one piece in SMD technology as an X2Y ceramic filter. According to the structure shown in Figure 5a, the connections A and B are arranged on the opposite end faces. Two ground pads Gl and G2, which are opposite one another, are arranged on the long sides of the ceramic filter as the ground connection in the middle of the connections A and B, and are contacted flatly with the band-shaped conductor 32 according to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 5b shows the circuit of the interference filter 30, the connections A and B of the capacitance C x are connected to the connection between the one carbon brush 20 and the plus terminal or to the connection of the other carbon brush and the minus terminal. The two capacitances C y each lie here between the ground connection G and the connection A or B.
Alternativ dazu zeigt Figur 6 einen diskreten Aufbau des X2Y-Keramik-Filters 30a aus drei Kapazitäten. Der Masseanschluss G ist hier zwischen den zwei in Reihe liegenden Kapazitäten Cyl und Cy2. Gemäß dem Aufbau nach Figur 6a liegt hier der Masseanschluss G neben der Kapazität Cx, welche zu den beiden Kapazitäten Cyl und Cy2 parallel geschaltet ist. Die Anschlüsse A und B der drei Kapazitäten sind jeweils über Kontaktbrücken Ab und Bb miteinander verbunden. Auch hier wird der Massekontakt G flächig dem bandförmigen Leiter nach Figur 2 und 3 kontaktiert. Die Figur 6b zeigt die entsprechende Schaltung der drei Kapazitäten. Alternatively, FIG. 6 shows a discrete structure of the X2Y ceramic filter 30a from three capacitors. The ground terminal G is here between the two in series capacitances C y l and C y 2. According to the structure of Figure 6a is here the ground terminal G in addition to the capacitance C x, which is connected in parallel to the two capacitances Cyl and Cy2. The connections A and B of the three capacitors are connected to one another via contact bridges A b and B b . Here, too, the ground contact G is contacted over the area of the strip-shaped conductor according to FIGS. 2 and 3. Figure 6b shows the corresponding circuit of the three capacitors.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Elektrische Maschine mit einem Kommutatorläufer (11), dessen umlaufende Kommutatorlamellen (19) mit mindestens zwei ortsfesten Kohlebürsten (20) zusammenwirken, welche über Anschlussleitungen (31, 34) und Anschlusskontakte (28) an eine Stromversorgung, vorzugsweise an ein Gleichstromnetz anschließbar sind, wobei ein kapazitives Entstorfilter (30) mit den Anschlussleitungen sowie über einen Masseanschluss (G) mit dem Polgehäuse (15) der elektrischen Maschine verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kapazitive Entstorfilter (30) an der Stirnseite der elektrischen Maschine zwischen den Kohlebürsten (20) angeordnet ist und über seinen Masseanschluss (G) induktivitätsarm mit dem Polgehäuse (15) verbunden, sowie über jeweils gleich lange Anschlussleitungen (31) an die Kohlebürsten (21) einerseits und an die Anschlusskontakte (28) andererseits angeschlossen ist.1. Electrical machine with a commutator rotor (11), the rotating commutator bars (19) of which interact with at least two stationary carbon brushes (20), which can be connected to a power supply, preferably to a DC network, via connecting lines (31, 34) and connecting contacts (28) , wherein a capacitive suppression filter (30) is connected to the connecting lines and via a ground connection (G) to the pole housing (15) of the electrical machine, characterized in that the capacitive suppression filter (30) is located on the front side of the electrical machine between the carbon brushes ( 20) is arranged and connected via its ground connection (G) with low inductivity to the pole housing (15), and connected to the carbon brushes (21) on the one hand and to the connection contacts (28) on the other hand via connecting lines (31) of the same length.
2. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Entstorfilter (30) als X2Y-Keramik-Filter mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Anschlüssen (A und B) ausgebildet ist, welche jeweils einer der beiden Kohlebürsten (20) zugewandt sind, so dass sie über die jeweilige Anschlussleitung (31) eine möglichst kurze elektrische Verbindung zu ihrer Kohlebürste (20) haben.2. Electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the interference filter (30) is designed as an X2Y ceramic filter with two mutually opposite connections (A and B), each of which faces one of the two carbon brushes (20), so that they have the shortest possible electrical connection to their carbon brush (20) via the respective connecting line (31).
3. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden einander gegenüberliegenden Anschlüsse (A und B) des Entstörfilters (30) über die Anschlussleitungen (31 , 34) symmetrisch mit den Kohlebürsten (20) und den Anschlusskontakten (28) der Maschine verbunden sind.3. Electrical machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the two opposite connections (A and B) of the interference filter (30) via the connection lines (31, 34) symmetrically with the carbon brushes (20) and the connection contacts (28) of the machine are connected.
4. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Masseanschluss (G) des Entstörfilters (30) über einen großflächigen Leiter (32) induktivitätsarm mit dem Polgehäuse (15) verbunden ist.4. Electrical machine according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the ground connection (G) of the interference filter (30) via a large-area conductor (32) with low inductance is connected to the pole housing (15).
5. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Masseanschluss (G) des Entstörfilters (30) symmetrisch zwischen den beiden mit je einer Kohlebürste (20) verbundenen Anschlüssen (A und B) angeordnet und mit dem großflächigen Leiter (32) kontaktiert ist. 5. Electrical machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the ground connection (G) of the interference filter (30) is arranged symmetrically between the two connections (A and B), each connected with a carbon brush (20), and contacts the large-area conductor (32) is.
6. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Entstorfilter (30) und der mit dessen Masseanschluss (G) verbundene großflächige Leiter (32) auf einer Bürstenhalterplatte (22) zwischen den Bürstenhaltern (21) der beiden Kohlebürsten (20) fixiert ist.6. Electrical machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the interference filter (30) and the large-area conductor (32) connected to its ground connection (G) are fixed on a brush holder plate (22) between the brush holders (21) of the two carbon brushes (20) is.
7. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der großflächige Leiter (32) bandförmig ausgebildet ist und an seinem Endbereich (32a) mit dem Masseanschluss (G) des Entstörfilters (30) flächig kontaktiert sowie mit seinem anderen Endbereich (32b) am Polgehäuse (15) flächig fixiert ist.7. Electrical machine according to claim 4 to 8, characterized in that the large-area conductor (32) is band-shaped and at its end region (32a) with the ground connection (G) of the interference filter (30) flat contact and with its other end region (32b ) is fixed flat on the pole housing (15).
8. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bandförmige Leiter (32) ein Kupferblech ist, dessen dem Entstorfilter (30) abgewandter Endbereich (32b) zwischen der Bürstenhalterplatte (22) und der Stirnseite des Polgehäuses (15) festgeklemmt ist.8. Electrical machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the band-shaped conductor (32) is a copper sheet whose end region (32b) facing away from the interference filter (30b) is clamped between the brush holder plate (22) and the end face of the pole housing (15).
9. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das X2Y-Keramik-Filter (30) einteilig ist und zwei einander gegenüberliegende Massepads (Gl, G2) als Masseanschluss aufweist, die mit dem bandförmigen Leiter (32) flächig kontaktiert sind.9. Electrical machine according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the X2Y ceramic filter (30) is in one piece and has two opposite ground pads (Gl, G2) as ground connection, which is flat with the band-shaped conductor (32) are contacted.
10. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das X2Y-Keramik-Filter (30a) aus drei diskreten Kapazitäten besteht, wobei der Masseanschluss (G) zwischen den zwei in Reihe liegenden Y-Kapazitäten (Cyl, Cy2) und neben der dazu parallel liegenden X-Kapazität (Cx) angeordnet und flächig mit dem bandförmigen Leiter (32) kontaktiert ist. 10. Electrical machine according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the X2Y ceramic filter (30a) consists of three discrete capacitances, the ground connection (G) between the two series Y capacitances (C y l , C y 2) and is arranged next to the X-capacitor (C x ) lying parallel to it and is in flat contact with the strip-shaped conductor (32).
PCT/DE2004/000984 2003-10-21 2004-05-12 Electric commutator armature machine equipped with an interference filter WO2005046031A1 (en)

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DE2003148905 DE10348905A1 (en) 2003-10-21 2003-10-21 Electric commutator rotor machine with noise filter
DE10348905.3 2003-10-21

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WO2009000291A1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2008-12-31 Sintertechnik Gmbh Device for noise suppression of a small electric motor
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