WO2005040779A1 - Method, use and system of an ir-camera for determining the risk of condensation - Google Patents

Method, use and system of an ir-camera for determining the risk of condensation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005040779A1
WO2005040779A1 PCT/SE2004/001506 SE2004001506W WO2005040779A1 WO 2005040779 A1 WO2005040779 A1 WO 2005040779A1 SE 2004001506 W SE2004001506 W SE 2004001506W WO 2005040779 A1 WO2005040779 A1 WO 2005040779A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
air
condensation
value
humidity
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Application number
PCT/SE2004/001506
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French (fr)
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WO2005040779B1 (en
Inventor
Kjell LINDSTRÖM
Christoph König
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Flir Systems Ab
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Application filed by Flir Systems Ab filed Critical Flir Systems Ab
Priority to DE602004011681.5T priority Critical patent/DE602004011681T3/en
Priority to JP2006537931A priority patent/JP2007510152A/en
Priority to CN2004800348940A priority patent/CN1886650B/en
Priority to EP04793809.7A priority patent/EP1678485B2/en
Publication of WO2005040779A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005040779A1/en
Publication of WO2005040779B1 publication Critical patent/WO2005040779B1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/56—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content
    • G01N25/66—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by investigating dew-point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/20—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only
    • H04N23/23—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only from thermal infrared radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/30—Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
    • H04N5/33—Transforming infrared radiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of determining at least one area of a sur- face in which there is an increased risk of condensation and to the use of an IR camera as defined in the preamble of claim 7. It also relates to a method for identifying areas on a surface that have an increased risk of condensation and an IR camera as defined in the preamble of claim 13.
  • Background and Prior Art In many applications, in particular when inspecting buildings, there is a need to be able to determine the specific points or areas where there is an increased risk of condensation. Such condensation increases the risk of damage due to damp.
  • Prior art methods for such inspections include conductivity measurements. Conductivity sen- sors usually measure the conductivity in one particular point and are therefore limited to rather small areas. To make a time-efficient inspection, therefore, areas that are assumed to have an increased risk are selected by the person carrying out the measurements. There is thus a risk that high-risk areas are missed, and/or the measurements may be time-consuming.
  • inspections often involve imaging in places that are hard to access, such as high up, underneath a machine or a piece of furniture, or around corners, so that the operator is forced to stretch or bend or assume another uncomfortable or risky position.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by a method of determining at least one area of a surface in which there is an increased risk of condensation, comprising the steps of - using an IR camera to create an image of the temperature distribution in at least a part of the surface
  • the object is also achieved according to the invention by the use of an IR camera to identify areas of a surface in which there is an increased risk of condensation, com- prising:
  • an IR camera comprising focusing means for focusing incoming IR radiation from an object in the IR camera to generate a signal corresponding to the incoming IR radiation, to be passed to a signal conditioning unit for signal conditioning, said IR camera comprising
  • the invention is based on the fact that the condensation on a surface is dependent on the atmospheric humidity, the air temperature and the temperature of the surface. Condensation is also dependent on atmospheric pressure, which may however be seen as neglectable in state of the art calculations.
  • RH is the relative humidity and T is the temperature.
  • the step of entering at least one value for the relative air humidity and at least one value for the air temperature in air surrounding the surface is performed manually.
  • the air temperature and humidity may be measured separately.
  • this method can be used for simulating different conditions, by imaging the surface using different values for the air temperature and/or humidity.
  • the step of entering at least one value for the relative air humidity and at least one value for the air temperature in air surrounding the surface comprises measuring the relative air humidity and air temperature in air surrounding the surface using an air temperature sensor and an air humidity sensor, said sensors being arranged to communicate the values to the camera.
  • the IR camera further comprises: - means for receiving a first and a second air humidity value,
  • - means for colouring any areas of the surface having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone.
  • a first and a second air humidity value are entered and a first and a second condensation temperature is calculated, corresponding to the first and second air humidity value, respectively. Any image point having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature is then coloured in a particular colour, or grey tone.
  • the IR camera includes
  • the method can also comprise the step of entering a first and a second air tempera- ture value and calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air temperature value, respectively, and colouring any image point having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone.
  • the IR camera then includes
  • any areas of the surface having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone In this case areas will be indicated that have an increased risk of condensation at the selected relative humidity, if the air temperature is between the two or more entered values, for example, between 20 and 30 degrees, between 30 and 40 degrees, etc..
  • the method may also comprise entering a value for the atmospheric pressure and determining the at least one condensation temperature on the basis of the entered humidity, temperature and atmospheric pressure values.
  • Figure 1 shows an IR camera according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows an arrangement according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an IR camera according to the invention.
  • the camera unit 1 For registering IR images the camera unit 1 comprises the same functions as prior art cameras. The gathering of data and the data processing performed prior to displaying the image are carried out in the conventional way. This technology is known to the skilled person, but will be briefly discussed in the following.
  • the incoming radiation to the camera is fo- cused by at least one lens 5 onto a detector array 7.
  • the detector array is typically a matrix of detector elements, each detecting radiation from a corresponding area on an object 8 being imaged. From the detector array the signal is fed to a signal conditioning unit 9 which performs conventional signal conditioning such as corrections for the inherent offset and gain drift.
  • the IR camera does not necessarily comprise a focal plane array.
  • the inventive concept can also be implemented in an IR camera using an IR scanner.
  • the atmospheric pressure can also be taken into account.
  • the division of the functions performed in units 9, 15 and 17 is merely done to illustrate the functions of the camera. In reality they may be performed in one or two, or more units in, or even outside of, the camera 1.
  • the modification of the image may be bypassed so that a conventional IR image is shown on the display 19 of the IR camera.
  • the camera can be a conventional IR camera 1 ' as shown in Figure 2, arranged to output a temperature dependent image of the object.
  • incom- ing IR radiation from the object is focused by a focusing system 5 onto a focal plane array 7 or onto the scanning device, depending on the type of IR camera used.
  • the signal from the focal plane array 7 (or scanning device) is fed to a signal conditioning unit 9.
  • the output image from the signal conditioning unit 9 can then be transferred to a computer 21, as is well known in the art.
  • the information about the air temperature and atmospheric humidity may be registered by sensors and stored in the camera or may be entered into the computer manually.
  • the computer then comprises units 15', 17' corresponding to the temperature calculation unit 15 and the colour adjusting unit 17 of Figure 1.
  • the adjusted image indicating in a particular colour the areas where condensation will occur, can then be displayed on the com- puter screen 23.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The inventive IR camera is used to identify areas of a surface in which there is an increased risk of condensation, by - imaging the surface - determining, from humidity and temperature values, a condensation temperature at which there is a risk of condensation on the surface, - comparing the temperature in at least one image point registered by the camera to the condensation temperature - colouring any image points having a temperature lower than the condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone, selected to indicate an increased risk of condensation.

Description

Method,' use and system of an IR-camera for determining the risk of condensation
Technical Field The present invention relates to a method of determining at least one area of a sur- face in which there is an increased risk of condensation and to the use of an IR camera as defined in the preamble of claim 7. It also relates to a method for identifying areas on a surface that have an increased risk of condensation and an IR camera as defined in the preamble of claim 13. Background and Prior Art In many applications, in particular when inspecting buildings, there is a need to be able to determine the specific points or areas where there is an increased risk of condensation. Such condensation increases the risk of damage due to damp. Prior art methods for such inspections include conductivity measurements. Conductivity sen- sors usually measure the conductivity in one particular point and are therefore limited to rather small areas. To make a time-efficient inspection, therefore, areas that are assumed to have an increased risk are selected by the person carrying out the measurements. There is thus a risk that high-risk areas are missed, and/or the measurements may be time-consuming.
Further, such inspections often involve imaging in places that are hard to access, such as high up, underneath a machine or a piece of furniture, or around corners, so that the operator is forced to stretch or bend or assume another uncomfortable or risky position.
Object of the Invention It is therefore an object of the present invention to enable inspection of large areas with respect to the risk of condensation, in an efficient way with a reliable result. Summary of the Invention
This object is achieved according to the invention by a method of determining at least one area of a surface in which there is an increased risk of condensation, comprising the steps of - using an IR camera to create an image of the temperature distribution in at least a part of the surface
- entering at least one value for the relative air humidity and at least one value for the air temperature in air surrounding the surface,
- determining, on the basis of the entered humidity and temperature values at least one condensation temperature at which there is a risk of condensation on the surface,
- comparing the temperature in at least one image point of the image to the condensation temperature
- colouring any image points having a temperature lower than the condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone, selected to indicate an increased risk of condensation.
The object is also achieved according to the invention by the use of an IR camera to identify areas of a surface in which there is an increased risk of condensation, com- prising:
- imaging the surface to create an image of the temperature distribution in at least a part of the surface;
- entering at least one air temperature value and at least one air humidity value for the air temperature and relative humidity, respectively, near the surface - determining, on the basis of the entered humidity and temperature values at least a first condensation temperature at which there is a risk of condensation on the surface,
- comparing the temperature in at least one image point of the image to the condensation temperature - colouring any image points having a temperature lower than the condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone, selected to indicate an increased risk of condensation.
The object is also achieved by an IR camera comprising focusing means for focusing incoming IR radiation from an object in the IR camera to generate a signal corresponding to the incoming IR radiation, to be passed to a signal conditioning unit for signal conditioning, said IR camera comprising
- means for receiving information about at least one air temperature value and at least one air humidity value for the air temperature and relative humidity, respectively, near the surface,
- means for calculating, on the basis of the entered humidity and temperature values at least one condensation temperature at which there is a risk of condensation on the surface, - means for comparing the temperature in at least one image point of the image to the condensation temperature,
- means for modifying the image in such a way that image points indicating a lower temperature than the condensation temperature are coloured in a particular colour, or grey tone, selected to identify areas of the surface having an increased risk of condensation.
The invention is based on the fact that the condensation on a surface is dependent on the atmospheric humidity, the air temperature and the temperature of the surface. Condensation is also dependent on atmospheric pressure, which may however be seen as neglectable in state of the art calculations.
The following equation may be used to calculate the dewpoint temperature Td (see
Corey Simon, Dewpoint and Wetbulb Temperature, Nov. 2000: τd lβ.9 + 2313\n(p) 16.78 - \n(p) where p is the ambient vapour pressure in kPa.
i7 = -^. . 0.611 . e(17-27r/r+237-3) (2) 100
where RH is the relative humidity and T is the temperature.
In this way an operator can identify immediately in the whole registered image, any areas having an increased risk of condensation. The use of an IR camera in this context enables larger areas to be inspected at once.
According to a first embodiment, the step of entering at least one value for the relative air humidity and at least one value for the air temperature in air surrounding the surface is performed manually.
In this case the air temperature and humidity may be measured separately. Alternatively, this method can be used for simulating different conditions, by imaging the surface using different values for the air temperature and/or humidity.
Alternatively, the step of entering at least one value for the relative air humidity and at least one value for the air temperature in air surrounding the surface comprises measuring the relative air humidity and air temperature in air surrounding the surface using an air temperature sensor and an air humidity sensor, said sensors being arranged to communicate the values to the camera. In this embodiment the IR camera further comprises: - means for receiving a first and a second air humidity value,
- means for calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air humidity value, respectively, and
- means for colouring any areas of the surface having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone. According to a preferred embodiment a first and a second air humidity value are entered and a first and a second condensation temperature is calculated, corresponding to the first and second air humidity value, respectively. Any image point having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature is then coloured in a particular colour, or grey tone. In this embodiment the IR camera includes
- means for receiving a first and a second air humidity value,
- means for calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air humidity value, respectively, and - means for colouring any areas of the surface having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone.
In this case a range in the surface temperature, corresponding to areas that have an increased risk of condensation at the selected air temperature, can be seen if the relative air humidity is between the two or more entered values, for example, between 30% and 40%, between 40% and 50%, etc.
The method can also comprise the step of entering a first and a second air tempera- ture value and calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air temperature value, respectively, and colouring any image point having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone. The IR camera then includes
- means for entering a first and a second air temperature value, - means calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air temperature value, respectively, and
- means for colouring any areas of the surface having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone. In this case areas will be indicated that have an increased risk of condensation at the selected relative humidity, if the air temperature is between the two or more entered values, for example, between 20 and 30 degrees, between 30 and 40 degrees, etc..
The method may also comprise entering a value for the atmospheric pressure and determining the at least one condensation temperature on the basis of the entered humidity, temperature and atmospheric pressure values.
In this case the IR camera comprises means for receiving information about an atmospheric pressure and means for calculating the at least one condensation tempera- ture on the basis of the entered humidity, temperature and atmospheric pressure values.
Brief Description of the Drawings
In the following the invention will be described in more detail, by way of embodi- ments with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows an IR camera according to a first embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 shows an arrangement according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description of Embodiments Figure 1 shows an IR camera according to the invention. For registering IR images the camera unit 1 comprises the same functions as prior art cameras. The gathering of data and the data processing performed prior to displaying the image are carried out in the conventional way. This technology is known to the skilled person, but will be briefly discussed in the following. The incoming radiation to the camera is fo- cused by at least one lens 5 onto a detector array 7. The detector array is typically a matrix of detector elements, each detecting radiation from a corresponding area on an object 8 being imaged. From the detector array the signal is fed to a signal conditioning unit 9 which performs conventional signal conditioning such as corrections for the inherent offset and gain drift. It should be noted that the IR camera does not necessarily comprise a focal plane array. The inventive concept can also be implemented in an IR camera using an IR scanner.
According to the invention, the IR camera also comprises temperature input means 11 for receiving from a temperature sensor information about the temperature in the air surrounding the object, and humidity input means 13 for receiving from a humidity sensor information about the atmospheric humidity in the air surrounding the object 8. The temperature input means 11 and the damp input means 13 may be adapted for wired or wireless communication with the respective sensors. Alternatively, information about the air temperature and humidity may be measured separately and input to the camera in another way, e.g. manually. The information about the air temperature and humidity is forwarded to a temperature calculation unit 15 arranged to calculate, on the basis of the air temperature and humidity information, a calculated condensation temperature, or dew point temperature, at which humidity will condense on the surface of the object, thus increasing the risk of condensation, which may lead to damage due to damp.
If desired, the atmospheric pressure can also be taken into account.
From the signal conditioning unit 9 the registered image of the object 8 passes to a colour adjusting unit 17 arranged to compare the measured temperature in each point of the image of the object 8 to the calculated temperature and, identify image points in which the measured temperature is lower than the calculated temperature. The colour adjusting unit 17 also changes the colour of all such points to a particular colour, or shade of grey, which has been preselected to indicate areas where condensation will occur. The image is then displayed to the viewer in a viewfmder and/or a display 19, in a conventional way. It can also be stored, in the camera or outside the camera in ways common in the art. The calculated condensation temperature may be increased or decreased by a certain factor to include more or fewer points among those considered to have an increased risk of damage due to damp. This security margin may be included automatically in the camera, or may be selectable by the operator.
Of course, the division of the functions performed in units 9, 15 and 17 is merely done to illustrate the functions of the camera. In reality they may be performed in one or two, or more units in, or even outside of, the camera 1. Preferably, as indicated in Figure 1 by a solid line directly from the signal conditioning unit 9 to the viewer, the modification of the image may be bypassed so that a conventional IR image is shown on the display 19 of the IR camera.
Alternatively, the camera can be a conventional IR camera 1 ' as shown in Figure 2, arranged to output a temperature dependent image of the object. As before, incom- ing IR radiation from the object is focused by a focusing system 5 onto a focal plane array 7 or onto the scanning device, depending on the type of IR camera used. The signal from the focal plane array 7 (or scanning device) is fed to a signal conditioning unit 9. The output image from the signal conditioning unit 9 can then be transferred to a computer 21, as is well known in the art. The information about the air temperature and atmospheric humidity may be registered by sensors and stored in the camera or may be entered into the computer manually. The computer then comprises units 15', 17' corresponding to the temperature calculation unit 15 and the colour adjusting unit 17 of Figure 1. The adjusted image, indicating in a particular colour the areas where condensation will occur, can then be displayed on the com- puter screen 23.

Claims

Claims
1. A method of determining at least one area of a surface in which there is an increased risk of condensation, comprising the steps of - using an IR camera to create an image of the temperature distribution in at least a part of the surface
- entering at least one value for the relative air humidity and at least one value for the air temperature in air surrounding the surface,
- determining, on the basis of the entered humidity and temperature values at least one condensation temperature at which there is a risk of condensation on the surface,
- comparing the temperature in at least one image point of the image to the condensation temperature
- colouring any image points having a temperature lower than the condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone, selected to indicate an increased risk of condensation.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of entering at least one value for the relative air humidity and at least one value the air temperature in air sur- rounding the surface is performed manually.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of entering at least one value for the relative air humidity and at least one value the air temperature in air surrounding the surface comprises measuring the relative air humidity and air tem- perature in air surrounding the surface using an air temperature sensor and an air humidity sensor, said sensors being arranged to communicate the values to the camera.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the step of entering a first and a second air humidity value and calculating a first and a second condensation tern- perature corresponding to the first and second air humidity value, respectively, and colouring any image point having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the step of entering a first and a second air temperature value and calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air temperature value, respectively, and colouring any image point having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone.
6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the steps of entering a value for the atmospheric pressure and determining the at least one condensation temperature on the basis of the entered humidity, temperature and atmospheric pressure values.
7. Use of an IR camera to identify areas of a surface in which there is an increased risk of condensation, comprising:
- imaging the surface to create an image of the temperature distribution in at least a part of the surface; - entering at least one air temperature value and at least one air humidity value for the air temperature and relative humidity, respectively, near the surface
- determining, on the basis of the entered humidity and temperature values at least a first condensation temperature at which there is a risk of condensation on the surface, - comparing the temperature in at least one image point of the image to the condensation temperature
- colouring any image points having a temperature lower than the condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone, selected to indicate an increased risk of condensation.
8. Use of an IR camera according to claim 7, wherein the step of entering a value for the relative air humidity and a value the air temperature in air surrounding the surface is performed manually.
9. Use of an IR camera according to claim 7, wherein the step of entering a value for the relative air humidity and a value the air temperature in air surrounding the surface comprises measuring the relative air humidity and air temperature in air surrounding the surface using an air temperature sensor and an air humidity sensor, said sensors being arranged to communicate the values to the camera.
10. Use of an IR camera according to claim 6 or 7, comprising the step of entering a first and a second air humidity value and calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air humidity value, respectively, and colouring any image point having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone.
11. Use of an IR camera according to claim 6 or 7, comprising the step of entering a first and a second air temperature value and calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air temperature value, respectively, and colouring any image point having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone.
12. Use of an IR camera according to any one of the claims 6-11, further comprising the steps of entering a value for the atmospheric pressure and determining the condensation temperature on the basis of the entered humidity, temperature and atmospheric pressure values.
13. An IR camera comprising focusing means for focusing incoming IR radiation from an object in the IR camera to generate a signal corresponding to the incoming IR radiation, to be passed to a signal conditioning unit for signal conditioning, characterized in that it comprises - means for receiving information about at least one air temperature value and at least one air humidity value for the air temperature and relative humidity, respectively, near the surface,
- means for calculating, on the basis of the entered humidity and temperature values at least one condensation temperature at which there is a risk of condensa- ti on on the surface,
- means for comparing the temperature in at least one image point of the image to the condensation temperature,
- means for modifying the image in such a way that image points indicating a lower temperature than the condensation temperature are coloured in a particular colour, or grey tone, selected to identify areas of the surface having an increased risk of condensation.
14. An IR camera according to claim 12, further comprising means for receiving, from a temperature sensor, information about air temperature near the object means for receiving, from a humidity sensor, information about air humidity near the surface.
15. An IR camera according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising
- means for receiving a first and a second air humidity value, - means for calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air humidity value, respectively, and
- means for colouring any areas of the surface having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone.
16. An IR camera according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising
- means for entering a first and a second air temperature value,
- means calculating a first and a second condensation temperature corresponding to the first and second air temperature value, respectively, and - means for colouring any areas of the surface having a temperature between the first and the second condensation temperature in a particular colour, or grey tone.
17. An IR camera according to any one of the claims 12-16, further comprising - means for receiving information about an atmospheric pressure,
- means for calculating the at least one condensation temperature on the basis of the entered humidity, temperature and atmospheric pressure values.
PCT/SE2004/001506 2003-10-28 2004-10-20 Method, use and system of an ir-camera for determining the risk of condensation WO2005040779A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE602004011681.5T DE602004011681T3 (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-20 METHOD AND IR CAMERA FOR DETERMINING THE CONDENSATION HAZARD
JP2006537931A JP2007510152A (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-20 Infrared camera methods, uses and systems for determining the risk of condensation
CN2004800348940A CN1886650B (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-20 Method, use and system of an IR-camera for determining the risk of condensation
EP04793809.7A EP1678485B2 (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-20 Method and ir-camera for determining the risk of condensation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0302837A SE526939C2 (en) 2003-10-28 2003-10-28 Method, arrangement and use of an IR camera to determine the risk of condensation by recording IR image, relative humidity and air temperature
SE0302837-0 2003-10-28

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WO2005040779A1 true WO2005040779A1 (en) 2005-05-06
WO2005040779B1 WO2005040779B1 (en) 2005-09-15

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SE (1) SE526939C2 (en)
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US10140832B2 (en) 2016-01-26 2018-11-27 Flir Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for behavioral based alarms
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