WO2005038348A1 - Method and device for the combustion of fuel - Google Patents
Method and device for the combustion of fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005038348A1 WO2005038348A1 PCT/EP2004/011490 EP2004011490W WO2005038348A1 WO 2005038348 A1 WO2005038348 A1 WO 2005038348A1 EP 2004011490 W EP2004011490 W EP 2004011490W WO 2005038348 A1 WO2005038348 A1 WO 2005038348A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- fuel
- mixture
- combustion
- circulation flow
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/36—Supply of different fuels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for burning fuel in a combustion chamber.
- combustion systems are known, which are divided into three groups:
- Standard low-NOx systems are pre-mixed with fuel and combustion air before they enter a combustion chamber. A developing flame is subsequently stabilized within the combustion chamber and the oxidation reaction is thereby controlled. Due to the remaining immiscibility, locally high temperatures occur within the combustion chamber, which can lead to an undesirably high NOx emission. For this reason, the flame in standard low-NOx systems is generally primarily aerodynamically stabilized, as a result of which hot combustion gases are recirculated so that they react with the mixture of fuel and combustion air entering the combustion chamber. The aerodynamic stabilization is supported by the use of hot support flames (so-called piloting), which can lead to a further inhomogeneity of the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber. Such an inhomogeneous temperature distribution can be an additional source of nitrogen oxides. be that. It is therefore common for standard low NOx systems to reduce the NOx emissions that are primarily generated by catalytic exhaust gas purification.
- catalytic combustion systems are currently limited, so that, for example, for high-temperature combustion systems, such as State-of-the-art stationary gas turbines, no catalytic combustion can be used.
- Catalytic combustion systems are only used in smaller stationary gas turbines.
- So-called flame-less oxidation burners are known for industrial combustion systems, as described, for example, in EP 0 463 218 B1.
- combustion air is preheated with the help of the exhaust gas and fed to a combustion chamber with a high pulse in a radial edge region.
- a fuel gas is injected separately into the center of the combustion chamber.
- the preheated combustion air mixes with recirculating exhaust gas in the edge area of the combustion chamber and inside with the separately supplied fuel gas.
- the object of the invention is to create a method and a device for burning fuel in a combustion chamber, in particular for gas turbines, in which stable and complete combustion and significantly reduced NOx emissions are achieved.
- the object is achieved according to the invention with a method for burning fuel in a combustion chamber, in which fuel and combustion air are mixed before entering the combustion chamber while avoiding auto-ignition, a first part of the mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber in such a way that it Combustion chamber circulates, into the circulation flow of the first part of the mixture further fuel is fed until warming up to ignition conditions would be guaranteed and at least a second part of the mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber in this way, that it mixes with a hot fuel gas flowing out of the circulation flow, heats up and burns until it exits the combustion chamber.
- the object is further achieved with a device for burning fuel in a combustion chamber, with a mixing device for mixing fuel and combustion air before entering the combustion chamber while avoiding auto-ignition, and a first mixture introduction device for introducing a first part of the mixture into the Combustion chamber, such that the first part of the mixture circulates in the combustion chamber, a fuel introduction device for supplying further fuel into the circulation flow of the first part of the mixture until warming up to ignition conditions would be guaranteed, and at least one second mixture introduction device for introducing at least a second part of the mixture into the combustion chamber, such that the at least a second part of the mixture mixes with a hot fuel gas flowing out of the circulation flow, heats up and burns until it emerges from the combustion chamber.
- a first amount of fuel for example a fuel gas 1
- combustion air before it enters the combustion chamber, avoiding auto-ignition.
- the mixture of fuel and combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber in such a way that a first part of the mixture circulates in a recirculation vortex and at least a second part of the mixture mixes with the hot exhaust gas or fuel gas flowing out of the vortex.
- the addition of the remaining fuel according to the invention in one or more further stages (for example fuel gas 2) into the recirculation vortex provides so much energy that heating of the entire air / fuel mixture to ignition conditions would be ensured or until ignition conditions available.
- the further fuel is mixed in such a way that it is mixed homogeneously into the fuel gas at a low temperature level. In this way, temperature peaks within the combustion chamber are avoided according to the invention. The result is a particularly low formation of NOx from this area of the reacting fuel gas flow.
- the fuel and the combustion air are mixed before entering the combustion chamber in such a way that the ratio of combustion air to fuel is above the average air / fuel ratio of the combustion in the combustion chamber.
- the high air / fuel ratio according to the invention ensures a comparatively low temperature level, as a result of which the NOx formation is reduced.
- the device according to the invention can be designed particularly advantageously by introducing the first and / or the second part of the mixture (and / or further parts in the case of a multi-stage addition of fuel) from fuel and combustion air through a body arranged centrally in the combustion chamber.
- the first and / or the second mixture introduction device are arranged in such a central inflow body.
- the circulation flow of the first part of the mixture aimed at according to the invention and the introduction of the second part of the mixture into outflowing, hot fuel gas can then be achieved relatively simply in terms of flow technology.
- a central inflow body for the first and / or the second part of the mixture of fuel and combustion air also advantageously offers the possibility of integrating a device for introducing liquid fuel into the combustion chamber.
- a centrally arranged mixture introduction device is further cooled by the mixture of fuel and combustion air flowing in it, as a result of which the mixture is minimally heated. The heating results in a further homogenization of the temperature level within the circulation flow according to the invention.
- the circulation flow itself is advantageous according to the invention in a peripheral region of the combustion chamber, i.e. formed in a radially outer section of the combustion chamber.
- a recirculation vortex designed in this way advantageously forms the basis for the most homogeneous possible mixing of further fuel into the combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber is essentially cylindrical and the first part of the mixture of fuel and combustion air is introduced essentially radially into the combustion chamber.
- the circulation flow aimed at according to the invention is excited and maintained by the radial introduction of the first part of the mixture.
- an annular combustion chamber with a correspondingly designed fuel supply can be provided.
- the further fuel is advantageously introduced essentially axially into the combustion chamber.
- Such addition of residual fuel (fuel gas 2) into the recirculation vortex provides the necessary amount of energy so that the desired warming up of the entire air / fuel mixture to ignition conditions would be guaranteed.
- Another advantage of an axia The introduction of the additional fuel is such that the added additional fuel also contributes to cooling the combustion chamber end wall and the additional fuel is thus slightly preheated.
- the first and the second part of the mixture of fuel and combustion air are advantageously introduced into the combustion chamber as a common stream and only divided within the combustion chamber.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for combusting fuel in a combustion chamber.
- the device 10 for burning fuel in a combustion chamber in the form of a burner for a stationary gas turbine.
- the device 10 has a combustion chamber 12, which in the Is essentially circular cylindrical along an axis 14.
- the combustion chamber 12 is formed with a first end wall 16, shown above with reference to FIG. 1, an outer wall 18 extending downward therefrom and a second end wall 20 lying below with respect to FIG.
- the first end wall 16 is penetrated by a centrally arranged body 22, which is essentially circular-cylindrical and also extends along the axis 14.
- the body 22 is designed with an outer tube 24 and an inner tube 26 arranged concentrically therein.
- the outer tube 24 is penetrated by radially outwardly directed nozzles 28 which, based on FIG. 1, are located at the lower end region of the outer tube 24. Otherwise, the outer tube 24 is closed at this end region.
- an air supply 30, which is not illustrated in any more detail, and a fuel gas supply 32, also not shown in detail, is provided in the interior of the outer tube.
- Air or a first fuel gas is fed into the outer tube 24 through the air feed 30 and the fuel gas feed 32, in which a mixture 34 of fuel gas and combustion air subsequently forms in the direction of flow onto the nozzles 28.
- a first partial flow 36 of this mixture 34 emerges from a part of the nozzles 28 into the surroundings of the outer tube 24 and thus into the interior of the combustion chamber 12.
- a second partial flow 38 of the mixture 34 emerges through further nozzles 28 ′, which are arranged further down on the outer tube 24 with respect to the above-mentioned nozzles 28 of the first partial flow 36 and with reference to FIG. 1.
- the outer tube 24 is essentially surrounded by a recirculation chamber 40, to which a further combustion chamber 42 is connected within the combustion chamber 12.
- Flow guide surfaces 44 are arranged on the inside of the outer wall 18 between the recirculation space 40 and the further combustion space 42. With the help of these flow guide surfaces 44 and the introduction of the first partial flow 36 (and also the second partial flow 38), which is explained in more detail below, a circulation flow 46 is excited and stabilized within the recirculation space 40, which flow is initially directed radially outwards from the nozzles 28, is subsequently directed towards the first end wall 16 and radially inward along the latter and finally reaches the nozzles 28 again from the first end wall 16.
- a further fuel gas supply 48 is provided on the first end wall 16. Through this further fuel gas supply 48, further fuel gas enters the circulation flow 46.
- fuel gas 50 flowing out of the circulation flow 46 emerges in the area in front of the nozzles 28 "and passes through the further combustion chamber 42 to an outlet 52 which is formed in the end wall 20 as an essentially central opening.
- this opening is annular.
- a mixture 34 of fuel gas and fuel air is fed through the outer tube 24, the air feed 30 and the fuel gas feed 32 to the nozzles 28 and 28 ′, in which the ratio of air and fuel gas above the average air / Fuel gas ratio of the later combustion is within the combustion chamber 12. In this way, self-ignition of the mixture 34 is avoided.
- the mixture 34 is introduced as the first partial flow 36 and the second partial flow 38 essentially radially into the combustion chamber 12.
- the nozzles 28 are arranged and shaped in such a way that the first partial flow 36 essentially enters the circulation flow 46 and thus excites a recirculation vortex within the recirculation space.
- Addition of further fuel gas by means of the further fuel gas supply 48 in an essentially axial direction additionally supports the recirculation vortex and provides so much energy that, in principle, the entire mixture is warmed up to ignition conditions.
- such a quantity of gas is mixed in per time unit that the mixing in the recirculation vortex is as homogeneous as possible and temperature peaks are avoided.
- the mixing takes place at a comparatively low temperature level, so that although the fuel gas reacts with the combustion air, this reaction only leads to very low NOx emissions.
- the fuel gas supply 48 also contributes to cooling the first end wall 16 of the combustion chamber 12.
- the second partial flow 38 of the mixture 34 and, if appropriate, further partial flows directly enter the outflowing fuel gas 50 through the nozzles 28 ', for example in the form of tubes, or can also recirculate in whole or in part in an exemplary embodiment not shown.
- the outflowing fuel gas 50 is comparatively hot, so that the second partial flow 38 is heated in sufficient form and also reacts completely up to the outlet 52.
- the centrally arranged body 22 and the inner tube 26 formed therein offers the possibility of integrating liquid fuel nozzles, so that the device 10 can be used as a whole as a two-fuel system.
- the device 10 can thus also be used to oxidize liquid fuel in a comparatively low-pollutant manner, which has hitherto not been possible in conventional systems with catalysts.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/575,514 US20070141519A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Method and device for the combustion of fuel |
EP04790361A EP1673576B1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Method and device for the combustion of fuel |
JP2006530150A JP4499734B2 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Fuel combustion method and apparatus |
DE502004007082T DE502004007082D1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BURNING FUEL |
CN2004800283630A CN1860334B (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Method and apparatus for burning fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03023210.2 | 2003-10-13 | ||
EP03023210A EP1524473A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2003-10-13 | Process and device to burn fuel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005038348A1 true WO2005038348A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
Family
ID=34354445
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/011490 WO2005038348A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Method and device for the combustion of fuel |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070141519A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1524473A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4499734B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1860334B (en) |
DE (1) | DE502004007082D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2303104T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005038348A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04118023A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1992-04-20 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method and device for deodorization using excrement soil of earthwork |
EP1645805A1 (en) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-04-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | burner for fluidic fuels and method for operating such a burner |
WO2007033306A2 (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-22 | Rolls-Royce Corporation, Ltd. | Gas turbine engine combustion systems |
KR20090099051A (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2009-09-21 | 린 플레임 인코포레이티드 | Gas / fuel premixes used in combination with energy release / converters |
EP1950494A1 (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2008-07-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Combustion chamber for a gas turbine |
JP2009186023A (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-20 | Ihi Corp | Combustion heater |
EP2249082B1 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2019-04-10 | IHI Corporation | Combustion heater |
RU2537109C2 (en) | 2009-09-13 | 2014-12-27 | Лин Флейм, Инк. | Fuel and air inlet premixer, assembly with such premixer, power emission/conversion system and gas turbine (versions) |
JP5740057B2 (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2015-06-24 | 日野自動車株式会社 | burner |
US9909755B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-03-06 | Fives North American Combustion, Inc. | Low NOx combustion method and apparatus |
EP2789915A1 (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-15 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for operating a combustion chamber and combustion chamber |
JP6159145B2 (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2017-07-05 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Combustor |
ITMI20131931A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-21 | Tenova Spa | SELF-REGENERATING INDUSTRIAL BURNER AND INDUSTRIAL OVEN FOR THE CONDUCTION OF SELF-GENERATION COMBUSTION PROCESSES |
CN111520762A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-08-11 | 西北工业大学 | Novel combustion chamber based on vortex-controlled diffuser principle |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB824306A (en) * | 1956-04-25 | 1959-11-25 | Rolls Royce | Improvements in or relating to combustion equipment of gas-turbine engines |
US3820324A (en) * | 1970-09-11 | 1974-06-28 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Flame tubes for gas turbine engines |
US4455839A (en) * | 1979-09-18 | 1984-06-26 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Combustion chamber for gas turbines |
US4474014A (en) * | 1981-09-17 | 1984-10-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Partially unshrouded swirler for combustion chambers |
US5450725A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-09-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gas turbine combustor including a diffusion nozzle assembly with a double cylindrical structure |
US5619855A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-04-15 | General Electric Company | High inlet mach combustor for gas turbine engine |
US5647215A (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 1997-07-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Gas turbine combustor with turbulence enhanced mixing fuel injectors |
US5857339A (en) * | 1995-05-23 | 1999-01-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Combustor flame stabilizing structure |
EP1010945A2 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-21 | General Electric Company | Fuel injector bar for a gas turbine combustor |
US20020112482A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-08-22 | Johnson Arthur Wesley | Methods for decreasing combustor emissions |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4629416A (en) * | 1985-06-11 | 1986-12-16 | Voorheis Industries, Inc. | Bluff body register |
EP0463218B1 (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1994-11-23 | Joachim Dr.-Ing. Wünning | Method and device for combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber |
JPH07305849A (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-21 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Premixing tube |
JPH0868537A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-12 | Toshiba Corp | Gas turbine combustor |
-
2003
- 2003-10-13 EP EP03023210A patent/EP1524473A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-10-13 US US10/575,514 patent/US20070141519A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-13 WO PCT/EP2004/011490 patent/WO2005038348A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-10-13 ES ES04790361T patent/ES2303104T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-13 DE DE502004007082T patent/DE502004007082D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-13 CN CN2004800283630A patent/CN1860334B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-13 EP EP04790361A patent/EP1673576B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-13 JP JP2006530150A patent/JP4499734B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB824306A (en) * | 1956-04-25 | 1959-11-25 | Rolls Royce | Improvements in or relating to combustion equipment of gas-turbine engines |
US3820324A (en) * | 1970-09-11 | 1974-06-28 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Flame tubes for gas turbine engines |
US4455839A (en) * | 1979-09-18 | 1984-06-26 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Combustion chamber for gas turbines |
US4474014A (en) * | 1981-09-17 | 1984-10-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Partially unshrouded swirler for combustion chambers |
US5450725A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-09-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gas turbine combustor including a diffusion nozzle assembly with a double cylindrical structure |
US5857339A (en) * | 1995-05-23 | 1999-01-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Combustor flame stabilizing structure |
US5619855A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-04-15 | General Electric Company | High inlet mach combustor for gas turbine engine |
US5647215A (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 1997-07-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Gas turbine combustor with turbulence enhanced mixing fuel injectors |
EP1010945A2 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-21 | General Electric Company | Fuel injector bar for a gas turbine combustor |
US20020112482A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-08-22 | Johnson Arthur Wesley | Methods for decreasing combustor emissions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1673576A1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
JP2007508515A (en) | 2007-04-05 |
DE502004007082D1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
CN1860334B (en) | 2012-02-01 |
CN1860334A (en) | 2006-11-08 |
EP1524473A1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
US20070141519A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
ES2303104T3 (en) | 2008-08-01 |
EP1673576B1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
JP4499734B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
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