WO2005031127A1 - Valve guide produced by powder metallurgy - Google Patents

Valve guide produced by powder metallurgy Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005031127A1
WO2005031127A1 PCT/EP2004/010476 EP2004010476W WO2005031127A1 WO 2005031127 A1 WO2005031127 A1 WO 2005031127A1 EP 2004010476 W EP2004010476 W EP 2004010476W WO 2005031127 A1 WO2005031127 A1 WO 2005031127A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
copper
valve guide
weight
valve
guide according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2004/010476
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jürgen Siebert
Edgar Biallas
Gerd Krüger
Original Assignee
Bleistahl-Produktions Gmbh & Co. Kg
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Application filed by Bleistahl-Produktions Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Bleistahl-Produktions Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2005031127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005031127A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1146—After-treatment maintaining the porosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0475—Impregnated alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a powder metallurgically manufactured valve guide for internal combustion engines with a uniform pore distribution.
  • Valve guides are important components of the valve train and have the task of guiding the oscillating valve so that it is always correctly positioned in the sealing seat of the valve seat ring.
  • This tribological system is formed from the valve stem and valve guide.
  • Lubrication is provided by engine oil, which is supplied through an oil leakage flow through the gap between the valve stem and valve guide.
  • engine oil which is supplied through an oil leakage flow through the gap between the valve stem and valve guide.
  • Valve guides are made from formed brass and cast iron qualities as well as powder metallurgy. Copper, phosphorus and tin are often alloyed into valve guides manufactured using powder metallurgy. The structure is generally ferritic / pearlitic.
  • the alloyed copper improves the dimensional stability during sintering.
  • the improvement in thermal conductivity and some mechanical properties such as hardness and strength achieved by the copper components is also desirable.
  • the copper reacts to form a low-melting bronze phase. This leads to liquid phases even at relatively low sintering temperatures and consequently to higher density in a sintered component.
  • Sulfur fractions in the form of MnS and MoS 2 as well as graphite improve the emergency running properties due to their inherent lubricating effect.
  • Valve guides manufactured using powder metallurgy have a relatively high proportion of pores, which is reflected in the density of generally significantly less than 7.1 g / cm 3 . This proportion of pores plays an essential role in lubrication. Oil stored in the pores serves as basic lubrication between the valve stem and valve guide in the start-up phase of internal combustion engines.
  • the sintered valve guides Because of their porosity, the sintered valve guides have the advantages described above for basic lubrication, especially in the start-up phase of an internal combustion engine, but this advantage is often bought with increased oil consumption. Due to the high temperatures prevailing in the engine and the porosity that covers the entire sintered body, oil losses occur, particularly on the cam side in the area of the free projection in the cylinder head in the direction of the valve stem seal. Although these losses are small at the moment, they can add up over time.
  • the oil permeability plays a role, especially in the free projection of the valve guide over the cylinder head.
  • the valve guide protrudes beyond the cylinder head, whereby this protrusion can make up several cm.
  • the oil is transported radially outward through the body of the valve guide, but at the same time also has components in the vertical direction, i. H. Oil is also transported from the channel side to the cam side within the pore system in order to exit at the end faces.
  • valve guides In such a way that the oil transport out of the cylinder head is prevented or at least severely restricted.
  • This object is achieved with a valve guide of the type described in the introduction, in which the body of the valve guide is at least partially infiltrated with copper to increase the oil and gas tightness.
  • the copper infiltration subsequently refers to copper introduced into the pore realm of the body of the valve guide, but not the copper which is introduced as an alloy component in the base body in the form of copper powder and is present in the sintered body as an integral part of the porous body. It is additionally copper introduced by infiltration, i.e. to at least partially impregnate the valve body with copper.
  • the infiltration preferably affects the cam-side part of the valve guide, i. H. the part of the valve guide which is arranged in the cylinder head remains essentially free of infiltrated copper.
  • the cam-side part of the valve guide is the part that protrudes from the cylinder head and is suitable for discharging oil in the manner described above.
  • the copper infiltration preferably detects the outside and / or end face of the body of the valve guide on its cam side. Since the aim of the invention is only to prevent oil transport, but at the same time the pore structure and the associated lubricating properties of the valve guide are fundamentally worth preserving, it is entirely sufficient to infiltrate the outlet surfaces of the body of the valve guide with copper and thus to close the pores pointing outwards close.
  • Body for valve guides has, for example, 0.40 to 0.85% by weight of C,
  • the above composition relates to the pore-containing sintered body before copper infiltration.
  • the bodies After sintering, the bodies have a high wear resistance and, moreover, an even pore distribution. They have a pearlitic basic structure with evenly distributed solid lubricant and inherent copper.
  • the valve guide bodies are impregnated with oil, known methods being used. Oil impregnation is carried out on the finished valve guide.
  • the sintered bodies before copper infiltration, have a density of more than 6.2 g / cm 3 and in particular more than 6.4 g / cm 3 .
  • the hardness is in the range from 60 to 93 HRB, in particular in the range from 79 to 83 HRB.
  • the average pore size is usually in the range from 170 to 250 ⁇ m 2 and in particular in the range from 200 to 230 ⁇ m 2 .
  • the copper infiltration preferably grasps the outside of the part of the body of the valve guide arranged outside the cylinder head, it being sufficient for the outwardly extending pores to be closed by the copper. As a rule, this is achieved with copper infiltration, which covers approximately 10 to 50% of the wall of the body, seen from the outside, and in particular approximately 20 to 30%.
  • copper infiltration offers advantages in mechanical reworking, in which the roughness of the surface is improved and "cut" pores are filled get the valve guide.
  • a pressed base body is brought into close contact with a copper body which is matched to its weight and is sintered together.
  • the copper fills the pores of the base body and increases the density of the blank; in the infiltrated area, the pores are closed and the required tightness of the component is achieved.
  • the copper body as a tube or sleeve is placed over the outer contour of the valve guide body, so that the desired infiltration is achieved in the outer region.
  • Fig. 1 shows in section a valve guide with a partial copper filling in the cam-side area
  • Fig. 2 individual steps in the manufacture of a valve guide partially filled with copper.
  • 1 shows in section a valve guide 1 with the cam-side end 2 and the motor-side or channel-side end 3. 4 denotes the bore in which the valve stem runs.
  • area 5 denotes the part of the body made of sintered metal that has not been infiltrated with copper.
  • the edge area 6 was infiltrated with copper on the cam side, the infiltration zone extending along the outer wall up to the end face on the end face as far as the inner wall with the actual valve guide.
  • the pores are completely sealed oil-and gas-tight with absorbed copper. It is the area of the valve guide 1 on the cam side that protrudes from the cylinder head and - in the porous state - is responsible for oil losses.
  • FIG. 2a shows a valve guide 1 made of sintered metal with a multiplicity of open pores 7.
  • the valve guide 1 is covered on the valve side with a copper disk 8 and subjected to a sintering process.
  • the sintering process leads to melting of the copper and infiltration of the open pores.
  • the valve guide on the valve side is infiltrated with copper to approximately 80% of its height (reference number 6), while the end facing away from the valve still has open pores 7.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a valve guide (1) for internal combustion engines, said valve guide being produced by powder metallurgy and having a uniform pore distribution. According to the invention, the body (5) is at least partially infiltrated with copper in order to increase the oiltightness and gastightness. The invention also relates to a method for producing such valve guides.

Description

Pulvermetalluroisch gefertigte Ventilfuhrung Valve guide made of powder metalluro
Die Erfindung betrifft eine pulvermetallurgisch gefertigte Ventilführung für Verbrennungsmotoren mit gleichmäßiger Porenverteilung.The invention relates to a powder metallurgically manufactured valve guide for internal combustion engines with a uniform pore distribution.
Ventilführungen sind wichtige Komponenten des Ventiltriebs und haben die Aufgabe, das oszillierende Ventil so zu führen, daß dieses stets einwandfrei im Dichtungssitz des Ventilsitzringes positioniert wird. Dieses tribolorgische System wird aus Ventilschaft und Ventilführung gebildet. Die Schmierung erfolgt durch Motoröl, welches über einen Ölleckagestrom durch den Spalt zwischen Ventilschaft und Ventilführung zugeführt wird. Bei bestimmten Werkstoffen kommt ein Eigenschmierungsanteil über bestimmte Legierungszusätze bzw. Gefügebestandteile hinzu.Valve guides are important components of the valve train and have the task of guiding the oscillating valve so that it is always correctly positioned in the sealing seat of the valve seat ring. This tribological system is formed from the valve stem and valve guide. Lubrication is provided by engine oil, which is supplied through an oil leakage flow through the gap between the valve stem and valve guide. For certain materials, there is an inherent lubrication component via certain alloy additives or structural components.
Werkstoffmäßig werden Ventilführungen aus umgeformten Messing- und Gußeisenqualitäten wie auch pulvermetallurgisch gefertigt. Bei pulvermetallurgisch gefertigten Ventilführungen werden häufig Kupfer, Phosphor und Zinn zulegiert. Das Gefüge ist im allgemeinen ferritisch/perl itisch.Valve guides are made from formed brass and cast iron qualities as well as powder metallurgy. Copper, phosphorus and tin are often alloyed into valve guides manufactured using powder metallurgy. The structure is generally ferritic / pearlitic.
Das zulegierte Kupfer verbessert die Maßhaltigkeit während des Sinterns. Die durch die Kupferanteile erzielte Verbesserung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit und einiger mechanischer Eigenschaften wie Härte und Festigkeit ist ebenfalls erwünscht. Bei Anwesenheit von Zinn kommt es zu Reaktionen mit dem Kupfer unter Bildung einer niedrig schmelzenden Bronzephase. Dies führt bereits bei relativ niedrigen Sintertemperaturen zu flüssigen Phasen und in der Folge zu höherer Dichte bei einem gesinterten Bauteil. Schwefelanteile in Form von MnS und MoS2 wie auch Graphit verbessern über ihre inhärente Schmierwirkung die Notlaufeigenschaften.The alloyed copper improves the dimensional stability during sintering. The improvement in thermal conductivity and some mechanical properties such as hardness and strength achieved by the copper components is also desirable. In the presence of tin, the copper reacts to form a low-melting bronze phase. This leads to liquid phases even at relatively low sintering temperatures and consequently to higher density in a sintered component. Sulfur fractions in the form of MnS and MoS 2 as well as graphite improve the emergency running properties due to their inherent lubricating effect.
Pulvermetallurgisch gefertigte Ventilführungen besitzen ein relativ hohen Anteil an Poren, was sich in der Dichte von in der Regel deutlich weniger als 7,1 g/cm3 wiederspiegelt. Dieser Porenanteil übernimmt eine wesentliche Funktion bei der Schmierung. In den Poren eingelagertes Öl dient als Grundschmierung zwischen Ventilschaft und Ventilführung in der Anlaufphase von Verbrennungsmotoren.Valve guides manufactured using powder metallurgy have a relatively high proportion of pores, which is reflected in the density of generally significantly less than 7.1 g / cm 3 . This proportion of pores plays an essential role in lubrication. Oil stored in the pores serves as basic lubrication between the valve stem and valve guide in the start-up phase of internal combustion engines.
Die gesinterten Ventilführungen haben aufgrund ihrer Porosität zwar die oben geschilderten Vorteile bei der Grundschmierung, insbesondere in der Anlaufphase eines Verbrennungsmotors, jedoch wird dieser Vorteil häufig mit einem erhöhten Ölverbrauch erkauft. Aufgrund der im Motor herrschenden hohen Temperaturen und der den gesamten Sinterkörper erfassenden Porosität kommt es insbesondere an der Nockenseite im Bereich des freien Überstands im Zylinderkopf in Richtung der Ventilschaftabdichtung zu Ölverlusten. Diese Verluste sind zwar auf den Moment gesehen gering, können sich aber über die Zeit ungut aufaddieren.Because of their porosity, the sintered valve guides have the advantages described above for basic lubrication, especially in the start-up phase of an internal combustion engine, but this advantage is often bought with increased oil consumption. Due to the high temperatures prevailing in the engine and the porosity that covers the entire sintered body, oil losses occur, particularly on the cam side in the area of the free projection in the cylinder head in the direction of the valve stem seal. Although these losses are small at the moment, they can add up over time.
Wie schon dargelegt, spielt die Öldurchlässigkeit insbesondere im freien Überstand der Ventilführung über dem Zylinderkopf eine Rolle. In diesem Bereich ragt die Ventilführung über den Zylinderkopf hinaus, wobei dieser Überstand mehrere cm ausmachen können. Der Öltransport erfolgt durch den Körper der Ventilführung hindurch radial nach außen, weist aber auch gleichzeitig Komponenten in vertikaler Richtung auf, d. h. Öl wird innerhalb des Porensystems auch von der Kanalseite zur Nockenseite hin transportiert, um dort an den Stirnflächen auszutreten.As already explained, the oil permeability plays a role, especially in the free projection of the valve guide over the cylinder head. In this area, the valve guide protrudes beyond the cylinder head, whereby this protrusion can make up several cm. The oil is transported radially outward through the body of the valve guide, but at the same time also has components in the vertical direction, i. H. Oil is also transported from the channel side to the cam side within the pore system in order to exit at the end faces.
Insgesamt besteht ein Bedarf, diese Ölverluste zu minimieren, d. h. Ventilführungen so auszurüsten, daß der Öltransport aus dem Zylinderkopf heraus unterbunden oder zumindest stark eingeschränkt wird. Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Ventilführung der eingangs bezeichneten Art gelöst, bei der der Körper der Ventilführung zur Erhöhung der Öl- und Gasdichtigkeit zumindest teilweise mit Kupfer infiltriert ist.Overall, there is a need to minimize these oil losses, ie to equip valve guides in such a way that the oil transport out of the cylinder head is prevented or at least severely restricted. This object is achieved with a valve guide of the type described in the introduction, in which the body of the valve guide is at least partially infiltrated with copper to increase the oil and gas tightness.
Es ist festzuhalten, daß die Kupferinfiltrierung nachträglich in dem Porenreich des Körpers der Ventilführung eingebrachtes Kupfer bezeichnet, nicht aber das Kupfer, das als Legierungsbestandteil in den Basiskörper in Form von Kupferpulver eingebracht und im gesinterten Körper als integraler Bestandteil des porösen Körpers vorhanden ist. Es handelt sich um zusätzlich im Wege der Infiltration eingebrachtes Kupfer, d.h. um eine zumindest partielle Imprägnierung des Ventilkörpers mit Kupfer.It should be noted that the copper infiltration subsequently refers to copper introduced into the pore realm of the body of the valve guide, but not the copper which is introduced as an alloy component in the base body in the form of copper powder and is present in the sintered body as an integral part of the porous body. It is additionally copper introduced by infiltration, i.e. to at least partially impregnate the valve body with copper.
Die Infiltrierung betrifft vorzugsweise den nockenseitigen Teil der Ventilführung, d. h. der Teil der Ventilführung, der im Zylinderkopf angeordnet ist, bleibt im wesentlichen von infiltriertem Kupfer frei. Der nockenseitige Teil der Ventilführung ist der Teil, der aus dem Zylinderkopf herausragt und geeignet ist, Öl in der oben beschriebenen Weise auszuschleusen.The infiltration preferably affects the cam-side part of the valve guide, i. H. the part of the valve guide which is arranged in the cylinder head remains essentially free of infiltrated copper. The cam-side part of the valve guide is the part that protrudes from the cylinder head and is suitable for discharging oil in the manner described above.
Die Kupferinfiltration erfaßt vorzugsweise die Außenseite und/oder Stirnseite des Körpers der Ventilführung auf dessen Nockenseite . Da die Erfindung lediglich die Unterbindung des Öltransports zum Ziel hat, gleichzeitig aber die Porenstruktur und die damit verbundenen Schmiereigenschaften der Ventilführung grundsätzlich erhaltenswürdig sind, ist es völlig ausreichend, die Austrittsflächen des Körpers der Ventilführung mit Kupfer zu infiltrieren und damit die nach außen weisenden Poren zu verschließen.The copper infiltration preferably detects the outside and / or end face of the body of the valve guide on its cam side. Since the aim of the invention is only to prevent oil transport, but at the same time the pore structure and the associated lubricating properties of the valve guide are fundamentally worth preserving, it is entirely sufficient to infiltrate the outlet surfaces of the body of the valve guide with copper and thus to close the pores pointing outwards close.
Eine geeignete Zusammensetzung pulvermetallurgisch gefertigterA suitable composition of powder metallurgy
Körper für Ventilführungen weist beispielsweise 0,40 bis 0,85 Gew.-% C,Body for valve guides has, for example, 0.40 to 0.85% by weight of C,
0,40 bis 0,80 Gew.-% Mo,0.40 to 0.80% by weight of Mo,
0,15 bis 0,50 Gew.-% Mn,0.15 to 0.50% by weight of Mn,
0,40 bis 0,70 Gew.-% S,0.40 to 0.70% by weight of S,
0,25 bis 0,65 Gew.-% Sn, 11 ,0 bis 16,0 Gew.-% Cu und0.25 to 0.65% by weight of Sn, 11.0 to 16.0% by weight of Cu and
Rest Eisen auf. Andere Elemente sind mit weniger als 2 Gew.-% beteiligt. Die vorstehend genannte Zusammensetzung bezieht sich auf den porenhaltigen Sinterkörper vor der Kupferinfiltrierung.Rest of iron on. Other elements are less than 2% by weight. The above composition relates to the pore-containing sintered body before copper infiltration.
Die Körper weisen nach dem Sintern eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit auf und darüber hinaus eine gleichmäßige Porenverteilung. Sie haben ein perlitisches Grundgefüge mit gleichmäßig verteiltem Festschmierstoff und inhärentem Kupfer. In der Regel werden die Ventilführungskörper mit Öl imprägniert, wobei bekannte Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen. Die Ölimprägnierung wird an der fertiggestellten Ventilführung vorgenommen.After sintering, the bodies have a high wear resistance and, moreover, an even pore distribution. They have a pearlitic basic structure with evenly distributed solid lubricant and inherent copper. As a rule, the valve guide bodies are impregnated with oil, known methods being used. Oil impregnation is carried out on the finished valve guide.
Aufgrund des relativ großen Porengehaltes haben die Sinterkörper, vor der Kupferinfiltrierung, eine Dichte von mehr als 6,2 g/cm3 und insbesondere mehr als 6,4 g/cm3. Die Härte liegt im Bereich von 60 bis 93 HRB, insbesondere im Bereich von 79 bis 83 HRB. Die mittlere Porengröße liegt üblicherweise im Bereich von 170 bis 250 μm2 und insbesondere im Bereich von 200 bis 230 μm2.Because of the relatively large pore content, the sintered bodies, before copper infiltration, have a density of more than 6.2 g / cm 3 and in particular more than 6.4 g / cm 3 . The hardness is in the range from 60 to 93 HRB, in particular in the range from 79 to 83 HRB. The average pore size is usually in the range from 170 to 250 μm 2 and in particular in the range from 200 to 230 μm 2 .
Vorzugsweise erfaßt die Kupferinfiltrierung die Außenseite des außerhalb des Zylinderkopfes angeordneten Teils des Körpers der Ventilführung, wobei es ausreichend ist, daß die nach außen reichenden Poren durch das Kupfer verschlossen werden. In der Regel wird dies mit einer Kupferinfiltrierung erzielt, die etwa 10 bis 50 % der Wand des Körpers erfaßt, von der Außenseite her gesehen und insbesondere etwa 20 bis 30 %.The copper infiltration preferably grasps the outside of the part of the body of the valve guide arranged outside the cylinder head, it being sufficient for the outwardly extending pores to be closed by the copper. As a rule, this is achieved with copper infiltration, which covers approximately 10 to 50% of the wall of the body, seen from the outside, and in particular approximately 20 to 30%.
Die Vorteile der Kupferinfiltrierung pulvermetallurgisch gefertigter Ventilführungen im nockenseitigen Bereich, insbesondere an deren Außen- und/oder Stirnseite liegt vor allem in der Erhöhung der Öl- und Gasdichtigkeit. Tatsächlich wird der Öldurchgang praktisch vollständig unterbunden. Gleichzeitig ergibt sich aber eine erhöhte Wärmeleitfähigkeit, die geeignet ist, die vom Motor erzeugte Wärme vermehrt nach außen zu führen; dies ist geeignet, die thermische Belastung im Bereich der Auslastventile zu vermindern.The advantages of copper infiltration of powder-metallurgically manufactured valve guides in the cam-side area, especially on the outside and / or front side, lies above all in the increase in oil and gas tightness. In fact, the passage of oil is practically completely prevented. At the same time, however, there is an increased thermal conductivity, which is suitable for leading the heat generated by the motor to the outside; this is suitable for reducing the thermal load in the area of the load valves.
Es ist natürlich ohne weiteres möglich, den gesamten Körper der Ventilführung mit Kupfer zu sättigen, um den Porenbereich vollständig auszufüllen und damit eine hohe Dichte und gute Wärmeleitung zu erzielen. Es ist ferner ohne weiteres möglich, die Außenseite des Körpers über die gesamte Länge mit Kupfer zu infiltrieren und nur im Innenbereich über die Länge der Bohrung eine porenhaltige Oberfläche vorzusehen. Grundsätzlich kann auch nur die Innenseite des Körpers der Ventilführung imprägniert werden oder die gesamte Oberfläche, je nach Einsatzzweck und gewünschter Eigenschaft.Of course, it is easily possible to saturate the entire body of the valve guide with copper in order to completely fill the pore area and thus to achieve a high density and good heat conduction. It is also readily possible to infiltrate the outside of the body with copper over the entire length and to provide a pore-containing surface only in the inside over the length of the bore. In principle, only the inside of the body of the valve guide can be impregnated, or the entire surface, depending on the intended use and the desired property.
Insbesondere im Bereich des nockenseitigen Endes bringt die Kupferinfiltrierung Vorteile bei der mechanischen Überarbeitung, in dem die Rauhigkeit der Oberfläche verbessert wird und „angeschnittene" Poren ausgefüllt werden. „Angeschnittene" Poren können Ausgangspunkte für ein vorzeitiges Fressen sein, wenn durch Querkräfte Belastungen vom Ventilschaft auf die Ventilführung gelangen.Especially in the area of the cam-side end, copper infiltration offers advantages in mechanical reworking, in which the roughness of the surface is improved and "cut" pores are filled get the valve guide.
Zur Fertigung der erfindungsgemäßen Ventilführungskörper wird ein gepreßter Basiskörper mit einem gewichtsmäßig darauf abgestimmten Kupferkörper in engen Kontakt gebracht und gemeinsam gesintert. Hierbei füllt das Kupfer die Poren des Grundkörpers aus und erhöht die Dichte des Rohlings; im infiltrierten Bereich werden die Poren geschlossen und die geforderte Dichtigkeit des Bauteils erzielt. Insbesondere wird der Kupferkörper als Rohr oder Hülse über die Außenkontur des Ventilführungskörpers gestülpt, so daß die gewünschte Infiltrierung im Außenbereich erzielt wird. Grundsätzlich ist es aber auch möglich, die Kupfermenge so einzustellen, daß der gesamte Körper oder ein Teilbereich des Körpers insgesamt mit Kupfer infiltriert wird.To manufacture the valve guide body according to the invention, a pressed base body is brought into close contact with a copper body which is matched to its weight and is sintered together. The copper fills the pores of the base body and increases the density of the blank; in the infiltrated area, the pores are closed and the required tightness of the component is achieved. In particular, the copper body as a tube or sleeve is placed over the outer contour of the valve guide body, so that the desired infiltration is achieved in the outer region. In principle, however, it is also possible to adjust the amount of copper so that the entire body or a part of the body as a whole is infiltrated with copper.
Die Erfindung wird durch die beiliegenden Abbildungen näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the accompanying figures.
Fig. 1 zeigt im Schnitt eine Ventilführung mit teilweiser Kupferfüllung im nockenseitigen Bereich undFig. 1 shows in section a valve guide with a partial copper filling in the cam-side area and
Fig. 2 Einzelschritte bei der Herstellung einer teilweise mit Kupfer gefüllten Ventilführung. Fig. 1 zeigt im Schnitt eine Ventilführung 1 mit dem nockenseitigen Ende 2 und dem motor- oder kanalseitigen Ende 3. 4 bezeichnet die Bohrung, in der der Ventilschaft läuft.Fig. 2 individual steps in the manufacture of a valve guide partially filled with copper. 1 shows in section a valve guide 1 with the cam-side end 2 and the motor-side or channel-side end 3. 4 denotes the bore in which the valve stem runs.
In der dargestellten Ausführungsform bezeichnet der Bereich 5 den aus Sintermetall gefertigten Teil des Körpers, der nicht mit Kupfer infiltriert wurde. Nockenseitig wurde der Randbereich 6 mit Kupfer infiltriert, wobei die Infiltrationszone sich entlang der Außenwandung bis zur Stirnseite an der Stirnseite bis zur Innenwandung mit der eigentlichen Ventilführung zieht. Im infiltrierten Bereich 6 sind die Poren vollständig mit aufgenommenen Kupfer öl- und gasdicht verschlossen. Es ist der nockenseitige Bereich der Ventilführung 1 , der aus dem Zylinderkopf herausragt und - in porösem Zustand - für Ölverluste verantwortlich ist.In the embodiment shown, area 5 denotes the part of the body made of sintered metal that has not been infiltrated with copper. The edge area 6 was infiltrated with copper on the cam side, the infiltration zone extending along the outer wall up to the end face on the end face as far as the inner wall with the actual valve guide. In the infiltrated area 6, the pores are completely sealed oil-and gas-tight with absorbed copper. It is the area of the valve guide 1 on the cam side that protrudes from the cylinder head and - in the porous state - is responsible for oil losses.
Fig. 2a zeigt eine aus Sintermetall gefertigte Ventilführung 1 mit einer Vielzahl von offenen Poren 7. Zur Füllung dieser Poren wird gemäß Fig. 2b die Ventilführung 1 ventilseitig mit einer Kupferscheibe 8 bedeckt und einem Sinterprozess unterworfen. Der Sinterprozess führt zum Aufschmelzen des Kupfers und zur Infiltration der offenen Poren. Gemäß Fig. 2c ist die Ventilführung ventilseitig zu etwa 80 % ihrer Höhe mit Kupfer infiltriert (Bezugsziffer 6) während das ventilabgewandte Ende nach wie vor offene Poren 7 aufweist. FIG. 2a shows a valve guide 1 made of sintered metal with a multiplicity of open pores 7. According to FIG. 2b, to fill these pores, the valve guide 1 is covered on the valve side with a copper disk 8 and subjected to a sintering process. The sintering process leads to melting of the copper and infiltration of the open pores. 2c, the valve guide on the valve side is infiltrated with copper to approximately 80% of its height (reference number 6), while the end facing away from the valve still has open pores 7.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Pulvermetallurgisch gefertigte Ventilführung für Verbrennungsmotoren mit gleichmäßiger Porenverteilung, gekennzeichnet durch eine zumindest teilweise Kupferinfiltrierung des Körpers der Ventilführung zur Erhöhung der Öl- und Gasdichtigkeit.1. Powder metallurgically manufactured valve guide for internal combustion engines with a uniform pore distribution, characterized by an at least partial copper infiltration of the body of the valve guide to increase the oil and gas tightness.
2. Ventilführung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kupferinfiltration die Außenseite und/oder Stirnseite des Körpers erfaßt.2. Valve guide according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper infiltration detects the outside and / or end face of the body.
3. Ventilführung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Körper3. Valve guide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the body
0,40 bis 0,85 Gew.-% C 0,40 bis 0,80 Gew.-% Mo 0,15 bis 0,50 Gew.-% Mn 0,40 bis 0,70 Gew.-% S 0,25 bis 0,65 Gew.-% Sn 11 ,0 bis 16,0 Gew.-% Cu Rest Fe > 2 Gew.-% andere Elemente,0.40 to 0.85% by weight C 0.40 to 0.80% by weight Mo 0.15 to 0.50% by weight Mn 0.40 to 0.70% by weight S 0, 25 to 0.65% by weight of Sn 11.0 to 16.0% by weight of Cu remainder Fe> 2% by weight of other elements,
ohne das infiltrierte Kupfer, enthält. without the infiltrated copper.
4. Ventilführung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet, durch eine mittlere Dichte von mehr als 6,2 g/cm3 ohne infiltriertes Kupfer. 4. Valve guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an average density of more than 6.2 g / cm 3 without infiltrated copper.
5. Ventilführung nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet durch eine mittlere Dichte von mehr als 6,4 g/cm3 ohne infiltriertes Kupfer.5. Valve guide according to claim 4, characterized by an average density of more than 6.4 g / cm 3 without infiltrated copper.
6. Ventilführung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine mittlere Porengröße im Bereich von 170 bis 250 μm2.6. Valve guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an average pore size in the range from 170 to 250 μm 2 .
7. Ventilführung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kupferinfiltrierung die Außenseite des außerhalb des Zylinderkopfes anzuordnenden Teils erfaßt.7. Valve guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the copper infiltration detects the outside of the part to be arranged outside the cylinder head.
8. Ventilführung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Körper nockenseitig etwa bis zur Wandungsmitte mit Kupfer infiltriert ist.8. Valve guide according to claim 7, characterized in that the body is infiltrated on the cam side approximately to the middle of the wall with copper.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Ventilführung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein gepreßter Basiskörper und wenigstens ein Kupferkörper miteinander gesintert werden, wobei der Kupferkörper eng an den gepreßten Basiskörper anliegt und gewichtsmäßig auf die Menge an zu infiltrierendem Kupfer abgestimmt wird.9. A method for producing a valve guide according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pressed base body and at least one copper body are sintered together, the copper body lying closely against the pressed base body and the weight being matched to the amount of copper to be infiltrated.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kupferkörper eine Hülse ist, die auf den Basiskörper aufgebracht wird. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the copper body is a sleeve which is applied to the base body.
PCT/EP2004/010476 2003-09-18 2004-09-17 Valve guide produced by powder metallurgy WO2005031127A1 (en)

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EP3940206B1 (en) * 2017-07-10 2023-09-27 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Switching roller finger follower for valvetrain
CN112375991A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-02-19 安徽金亿新材料股份有限公司 High-thermal-conductivity wear-resistant valve guide pipe material and preparation method thereof
CN115127008A (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-09-30 帝伯爱尔株式会社 Sintered alloy valve guide tube and method for manufacturing sintered alloy valve guide tube
EP4130444A1 (en) * 2021-04-27 2023-02-08 TPR Co., Ltd. Sintered alloy valve guide, and method for manufacturing sintered alloy valve guide
EP4130444A4 (en) * 2021-04-27 2023-07-19 TPR Co., Ltd. Sintered alloy valve guide, and method for manufacturing sintered alloy valve guide
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CN114769598B (en) * 2022-04-28 2024-04-09 安庆帝伯粉末冶金有限公司 Copper-infiltration sintering method for valve guide pipe
CN115138852A (en) * 2022-07-01 2022-10-04 安庆帝伯粉末冶金有限公司 High heat conduction high wear-resisting copper infiltration valve guide
CN115138852B (en) * 2022-07-01 2024-05-10 安庆帝伯粉末冶金有限公司 High heat conduction high wear-resisting copper-seeping valve guide pipe

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