WO2005024396A1 - An apparatus and method for measuring surface properties - Google Patents
An apparatus and method for measuring surface properties Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005024396A1 WO2005024396A1 PCT/AU2004/001236 AU2004001236W WO2005024396A1 WO 2005024396 A1 WO2005024396 A1 WO 2005024396A1 AU 2004001236 W AU2004001236 W AU 2004001236W WO 2005024396 A1 WO2005024396 A1 WO 2005024396A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- measuring
- properties
- rotatable shaft
- torque
- control device
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 23
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010921 in-depth analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004441 surface measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0078—Testing material properties on manufactured objects
- G01N33/008—Sport articles, e.g. balls, skis or rackets
Definitions
- the invention relates to the measurement of surface properties.
- the invention relates to an apparatus and method for determining the torsional strength of grass surfaces.
- Friction and traction are the properties that enable the player to make the movements necessary in sports without excessive slipping or falling. Friction applies to smooth-soled footwear and traction applies to footwear having studs, cleats, or spikes to provide extra grip.
- Friction of a surface is normally expressed in terms of its coefficient ( ⁇ ),
- Frictional and tractional coefficients can be considered in terms of either the force required to initiate motion, referred to as the static coefficient, or the force required to maintain motion once started, referred to as the dynamic coefficient. These properties are especially important for turf surfaces as friction and traction vary between turf types and indeed between different fields of the. same turf type. By being able to accurately and repeatedly measure the friction and traction of turf surfaces, values can be identified for these properties that maximise the player's performance and minimize the risk of injury.
- a device that is commonly used to test the properties of grass has a vertical bar that has a ground engaging member attached at its lower end and a torque wrench attached at it's upper end.
- a weight is located on an upper side of the ground engaging member.
- the torque wrench is then turned, and thus the ground-engaging member is operatively turned.
- the maximum torque required to initiate the turning of the ground engaging member is measured.
- the static and dynamic coefficient of friction can thus be calculated from this reading.
- the torque wrench uses the bending characteristics of a cantilever to produce a value of maximum torque per test and is susceptible to errors due to variations of loading points and operational techniques. The accuracy of the data may also be questionable as each operator may use different rotational speeds and may apply different vertical forces when conducting tests.
- WO 02/063279 describes a device for measuring the static and/or dynamic friction coefficient of an artificial grass for sports fields.
- the device has an anchoring body and a vertical bar.
- the vertical bar has a ground engagement device, such as a football boot, attached at a lower end.
- the bar is connected to the anchor by means of two horizontal bars.
- the upper horizontal bar is connected at one end to the upper end of the vertical bar and at the other end to an electrical motor.
- the lower horizontal bar is attached at one end to the anchoring body and at the other end to the vertical bar approximately halfway between the ground engagement device and the upper horizontal bar.
- the ground engagement device abuts the ground and the electrical motor exerts a horizontal force on the vertical bar via the upper horizontal bar.
- WO 2004/051239 discloses a device for measuring the static and/or dynamic friction coefficient of a surface.
- This device comprises a housing that has a rotatable shaft vertically disposed in the housing.
- a body is disposed at a lower end of the housing and the body has a surface which is able to be brought into contact with the surface being measured.
- the device further comprises a measuring means for measuring the torque caused by the friction between the contact surface of the body and the surface to be examined.
- the device disclosed in WO 2004/051239 is deficient in that the information that this device displays is limited to the coefficient of friction only.
- An object of the invention is to overcome or at least alleviate one or more of the above problems and/or provide the consumer with a useful or commercial choice.
- the invention resides in an apparatus for measuring the properties of a surface comprising: a rotatable shaft; a ground engaging foot mounted at an end of said rotatable shaft for rotation with said rotatable shaft; a drive device that rotates said rotatable shaft relative to said surface; a measurement device to continuously measure a torque force experienced by said rotatable shaft; and a control device in communication with said measurement device to receive said measurements of torque from said measurement device; wherein, said control device creates a profile of torque with respect to angular displacement of said rotatable shaft.
- the invention resides in a method of measuring the properties of a surface including the steps of: (i) exerting a normal force on said surface via a rotatable shaft, said rotatable shaft having a ground engaging foot mounted at an end of said rotatable shaft for rotation with said rotatable shaft; (ii) rotating said rotatable shaft relative to said surface; (iii) continuously measuring a value of torque experienced by said rotatable shaft; and (iv) developing a profile of torque with respect to angular displacement of said rotatable shaft based on said measurements made in (iii).
- FIG 1 shows a side view of a surface testing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG 2 shows a sectional top view of a drive device comprising part of the surface testing apparatus of FIG 1
- FIG 3 shows a partial perspective view of the surface testing apparatus of FIG 1 when a shaft of the testing apparatus is in a travel position
- FIG 4A shows a sectional top view of a shaft and pipe section of the drive device shown in FIG 2 in a first position
- FIG 4B shows a section side view of a shaft and pipe section of the drive device shown in FIG 2 in a first position
- FIG 5A shows a sectional top view of the shaft and pipe section of FIG 4A in a second position
- FIG 5B shows a sectional side view of the shaft and pipe section of FIG 4B in a second position
- FIG 1 shows a side view of a surface testing apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Surface testing apparatus 1 comprises a frame 2 having a plurality of lower support members 3, a plurality of upper support members 4 and a plurality of upright support members 5.
- a plurality of wheels 6 support frame 2.
- Support plate 20 is mounted on frame 2 and pipe section 35 is operatively mounted on frame 2 as shown.
- a sensor 44 is operatively mounted on frame 2 adjacent to pipe section 35 as shown in FIG 1.
- sensor 44 is a limit switch.
- sensor 44 may be a digital encoder having a photo transistor and a light source or similar such sensing device.
- Surface testing apparatus 1 further comprises drive device 7, testing device 8, lifting arm 9, battery 10, control device 11 , laptop 12 and indicator 13.
- indicator 13 is a limit switch although it will be appreciated that indicator 13 may be a digital encoder, an infrared sensing device or the like.
- Drive device 7 is operatively mounted on frame 2. In FIG 1 , drive device 7 is shown in phantom and its features will be discussed in more detail below.
- Testing device 8 has a rotatable shaft 14, ground engaging foot 15, fingers 16, weights 17, lifting plate 18 and pins 19. The ground engaging foot 15 is located at a lower end of rotatable shaft 14 and rotates with the shaft 14.
- zero or more fingers 16 protrude outwardly from ground engaging foot 15.
- Fingers 16 are releasably attached to ground engaging foot 15 by screwing the fingers into threaded recesses (not shown) located on an underside of ground engaging foot 15.
- fingers 16 are releasably attached to ground engaging foot 15 by means of other attachment means known in the art.
- Weights 17 are mounted on rotatable shaft 14 above ground engaging foot 15.
- weights 17 have a total mass of 40 kg although it will be appreciated that other masses may be used.
- Shaft 14 has two wings 37 (not shown in FIG 1 ) extending outwardly from a central portion.
- wings 37 extend outwardly from diametrically opposite sides of the shaft 14.
- Lifting plate 18 is attached to shaft 14 and extends circumferentially around shaft 14.
- Lifting plate 18 has a diameter greater than that of shaft 14 as shown.
- Two pins 19 protrude outwardly from diametrically opposite sides of an upper end of shaft 14 as shown. It should be noted that only one pin 19 is visible in the plan view of FIG 1.
- one pin may extend through shaft 14 with each of its ends protruding from opposite sides of shaft 14.
- Rotatable shaft 14 is moveable between a testing position and travel position. In the testing position ground engaging foot 15 abuts the ground (not shown) 8. In the travel position, as seen in FIG 1 , the ground-engaging foot 15 is suspended above the ground (not shown) and is supported by the contact of pins 19 on an upper surface of support plate 20.
- Lifting arm 9 has forks 21 , L-member 22 and handle member 23.
- L- member 22 is pivotally mounted on frame 2 via bolt 24 extending between upper members 4 (of which only one is shown in FIG 1 ) of frame 2.
- Forks 21 are mounted at a lower end of L-member 22 and partially encompass shaft 14 as shown.
- Handle member 23 is pivotally attached to L-member 22 via bolt 25 extending through both L-member 22 and handle member 23.
- Battery 10 is electrically attached to control device 11 and control device 11 is electrically attached to drive device 7. Additionally, drive device 7 is in electrical communication with control device 11 and control device 11 is in electrical communication with laptop 12. Furthermore, indicator 13 and sensor 44 are in communication with control device 11.
- Two guides 50 are located on diagonally opposite sides of frame 2.
- a spike 51 extends through an aperture of each guide.
- an internal surface of each guide 50 is threaded and each spike 51 has a corresponding thread.
- each spike 51 is moveable within their respective guides 50 between an upper position and a lower position. In the lower position a lower end of each spike 51 is embedded within the ground (not shown) to anchor surface testing apparatus 1.
- each spike 51 is slideably moveable within each guide are fixed in the upper position by means of a pin or the like.
- FIG 2 shows a sectional top view of the drive device 7 which is shown in phantom in FIG 1.
- Drive device 7 has motor 26, sprockets 27, 28 and 29, a test sprocket 30, a drive sprocket 31 , a first chain 32, a second chain 33, pipe section 35 and a measurement device 34.
- measurement device 34 is in the form of a load cell.
- measurement device 34 is any type of measurement device able to measure a force and communicate the force measured.
- Motor 26 is operatively mounted on frame 2 (not shown in FIG 2) and is operated by control device 11 via cable 36.
- motor 26 is a 24 volt DC motor but it will be appreciated that other forms of motors may be used such as pneumatic, fuel and the like.
- Sprocket 27 is attached to and rotatable by motor 26.
- Sprocket 28 is mounted on a lower end of shaft 36.
- Shaft 36 is operatively mounted on frame 2 (not shown in FIG 2) and is rotatable. The contact between shaft 36 and its mounting is facilitated by means of bearings as is known in the art.
- Sprocket 28 is in mechanical communication with sprocket 27 via the first chain 32. Hence, as sprocket 27 is rotated by motor 26, sprocket 28 is operatively rotated by motor 26.
- Sprocket 29 is mounted on an upper end of shaft 29. Hence, when sprocket 28 is operatively rotated by motor 26, sprocket 29 is rotated due to its mounting on shaft 36.
- Test sprocket 30 is in mechanical communication with sprocket 29 via the second chain 33 and is fixed circumferentially around shaft 40. Thus, test sprocket 30 is operatively rotated by motor 26. Preferably, test sprocket 30 is an idler sprocket and exerts no force on drive device 7.
- Shaft 40 is operatively mounted on frame 2 (not shown in FIG 2) and is rotatable. The contact between shaft 40 and its mounting is facilitated by means of bearings as is known in the art.
- Load cell 34 is operatively mounted to frame 2 (not shown) and is mechanical communication with test sprocket 30. Load cell 34 is able to measure the tension in the second chain 33 as will be discussed in detail below.
- Drive sprocket 31 is fixed circumferentially around an outer edge of pipe section 35 and is in mechanical communication with sprocket 29 via a second chain 33.
- pipe section 35 is operatively mounted on frame 2 (not shown).
- Aperture 39 extends through pipe section 35.
- Pipe section 35 has a pair of upper members 38 (not shown in FIG 2) extending inwardly within aperture 39.
- Upper members 38 extend inwardly from diametrically opposite sides of aperture 39 at an upper end of pipe section 35.
- a pair of lower members 43 extend inwardly within aperture 39 of pipe section 35.
- Lower members 43 extend from diametrically opposite sides of aperture 39 and are offset approximately 90 degrees from upper members 38.
- Pipe section 35 is adapted to encompass rotatable shaft 14.
- Shaft 14 extends through aperture 39 in pipe section 35 as seen in FIG 2.
- Shaft 14 is rotated by pipe section 35, which is operatively rotated by motor 26, by means of contact between the wings 37 mounted on shaft 14 and either upper members 38 or lower members 43 of pipe section 35.
- drive device 7 is in mechanical communication with rotatable shaft 14 via the contact between wings 37 and either upper members 38 or lower members 43 of pipe section 35. This will be discussed in more detail below.
- FIG 3 shows a perspective view of an upper end of shaft 14 when rotatable shaft 14 is in the travel position.
- Support plate 20 is mounted on upper support members 4 of frame 2.
- Support plate 20 has an aperture 42 and slots 41 extending outwardly from aperture 42.
- shaft 14 extends through aperture 42 of support plate 20.
- Shaft 14 is supported by the contact of pins 19 on an upper surface of support plate 20.
- shaft 14 is rotated such that pins 19 align with slots 41.
- the pins 19 pass through slots 41 and the shaft 14 moves downwardly under the force of gravity until the ground engaging foot 15 contacts the ground. In the testing position, fingers 16 penetrate the surface of the ground.
- the movement of the ground engaging foot 15 from the travel position to the testing position simulates the placement of a persons foot when that person is wearing studded footwear.
- surface testing apparatus 1 is used to provide detailed information regarding surface properties and in particular the torsional strength of the root systems of turf grasses. Using the torsional strength measurements, the static and dynamic coefficient of friction and traction are measured for a particular surface.
- Ground engaging foot 15 is rotated about shaft 14 under a normal force provided by weights 17. This movement mimics the movement of a persons foot, for example when playing a sport.
- the shear strength of the grass is then measured at varying degrees of rotation and a profile is developed that measures the torque vs angular displacement of the ground engaging foot and hence a load profile of the grass is developed.
- FIG 4A shows a sectional top view of pipe section 35 and shaft 14 when shaft 14 is in the travel position.
- FIG 4B shows a sectional side view of FIG 4A.
- wings 37 abut upper members 38 of pipe section 35.
- the testing process is started by a person pressing a start button (not shown) on control device 11. This causes the control device 11 to start motor 26 and operatively turn pipe section 35.
- the contact between the upper members 38 of pipe section 35 with wings 37 on shaft 14 causes the shaft to turn.
- FIG 5B shows the shaft 14 as it is falling. While shaft 14 is falling pipe section 35 is still being operatively rotated by motor 26.
- the torque experienced by the shaft 14 is calculated. This is accomplished in the preferred embodiment by load cell 34 measuring the tension in the second chain 33 as is known in the art. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that other forms of measurement devices may be used to measure the toque applied to shaft 14 such as digital strain gauges, optical displacement gauges applied directly to the shaft, mechanical displacement gauges applied directly to shaft 14 or the like. There is a direct relationship between the tension in chain 33 and the torque experienced by shaft 14. The torque experienced in shaft 14 has a direct one to one relationship with the resistance that the grass currently being tested is providing to the movement of ground engaging foot 15. Torque is calculated from this force using the equation:
- Torque Force (tension in chain 33) x Radius of drive sprocket 31
- load cell 34 continuously samples (between 10 and 25 samples per second in the preferred embodiment) the tension in the second chain 33 and sends this measurement to control device 11 via data cable 45.
- Control device 11 calculates the torque measurement and communicates this information to laptop 12 via an RS232 serial communication channel (not shown) for formatting and display.
- control device 11 displays the torque values continuously based on the readings taken from load cell 34.
- control device 11 may display the maximum value of torque only.
- laptop 12 displays the torque values received from control device 11 in a spread sheet application program. As the sleeve rotates from the position shown in FIG 5A and FIG 5B to that shown in FIG 6A and 6B, load cell 34 begins it's measurement of the tension in chain 33.
- FIG 6A and FIG 6B show shaft 14 in the testing position. Pipe section 35 rotates the shaft 14 through 180 degrees by lower members 43 contacting wings 37. Hence, shaft 14 is rotated from the position shown in FIG 6A and FIG 6B to that shown in FIG 7A and FIG 7B. During this rotation load cell 34 continues to measure the tension in chain 33 and communicates these value on to control device 11. At this point sensor 44 detects that the shaft has been rotated through
- Control device 11 180 degrees and sends a signal to control device 11 alerting the control device 11 that this rotation has occurred.
- Control device 11 then communicates a stop signal to motor 26.
- the action of the motor stopping is an indication to the person operating the surface testing apparatus 1 that the test has been completed.
- load cell 34 ceases measuring the tension in chain 33.
- the operator then uses lifting arm 9 to move shaft 14 from the testing position to the travel position.
- the person pivots handle member 23 until it is substantially parallel with an upper section of L-member 22. At this point handle member 23 locks in place and forks 21 contact a lower side of lifting plate 18.
- the shaft 14 moves upwardly as lifting arm 9 pivots about bolt 24 and pins 19 pass through slots 41 on support plate 20.
- spikes 51 are moved to the lower position and a lower end of each spike embeds within the ground. This anchors the surface testing apparatus 1 in position and prevents the frame 2 rotating about shaft 14.
- the amount of rotation that the sleeve is undergoing is measured indirectly by time. For example, based on the speed of rotation it takes approximately 10 seconds for one complete rotation of pipe section 35.
- the motor is operated for approximately 2.5 seconds by control device 11.
- a digital shaft encoder in communication with control device 11 , may be fixed on pipe section 35 to directly measure the amount of rotation that pipe section 35 is undergoing.
- FIG 10 shows a graph of torque vs. samples of three different torque types.
- the x-axis displays the sample number and the y-axis shows the torque measured at that sample number.
- the rotation undergone by the shaft may be displayed rather than the sample number.
- fingers 16 are fitted to ground engaging foot 15 to simulate the effect of the movement of a studded boot on the surface.
- fingers 16 may be removed to simulate the effects of the movement of a shoe that does not have studs.
- the number of fingers 16 and their position upon the underside of the ground engaging foot 15 may be varied to suitably represent different stud configurations of boots.
- the measurements made by surface testing apparatus 1 can be used to develop torque profiles of grass types and hence a relationship between the maximum torque and the angle of rotation can be created.
- the way in which the grass fails can be analyzed e.g. does the grass fail catastrophically, creating a steep decline in the graph, or does the grass fail gradually, producing a more gradual decline in the graph. In these terms fail means the torque at which the grass stems shear from the topsoil.
- control device 11 displays the angle that the grass has failed and also the torque at his failure angle. Additionally, the control device 11 stores these details in association with the profile developed.
- the static coefficient of traction can be calculated from these results using known calculation methods.
- the dynamic coefficient of traction can also be calculated.
- the static and dynamic coefficient of friction can also be calculated.
- control device 11 These details are displayable by control device 11 and are also storeable in association with the profile developed. As the testing process is operated by control device 11 the results are not subject to variation in operational techniques. This ensures that the tests undertaken by surface testing apparatus 1 are repeatable and allow accurate comparison of different grass types and different areas of the same field having the same grass type. In FIG 10 three different grass types are being compared and all grass types have different maximum torques at slightly different angles of rotation. This information allows for accurate comparison of different types of grasses at different locations.
- Surface testing apparatus 1 provides torque profiles of different grass types. By developing torque profiles and displaying the angle of rotation at which the maximum torque of the grass was measured a more in depth analysis may be undertaken regarding the suitability of grass types for various sporting events.
- weights 17 may be positioned at an upper end of shaft 14.
- weights 17 may be replaced with a hydraulic or pneumatic ram that provides a normal force on the ground via shaft 14.
- the measurement device which in the preferred embodiment is load cell 34, may be in the form of a digital strain gauge mounted directly on shaft 14 which measure the torque on shaft 14 directly and are able to communicate torque measurements directly to control device 11.
- laptop 12 may be removed from apparatus 1 and all processing may be carried out at control device 11.
- control device 11 would have persistent storage capabilities and be able to display the torque profiles measured directly.
- the results are saved within control device 11 and are communicable to other processing apparatus'.
- a mechanical lifting means may replace lifting arm 9 and be directly controlled by control device 11 so that it is not necessary for a person to have to manually lift shaft 14 from the test position to the travel position.
- surface testing apparatus may be fitted with a GPS receiver in communication with either of control device 11 or laptop 12.
- surface testing apparatus 1 may perform multiple tests in a single field and each test may be stored in association with the GPS coordinates of that test. In this way, the variations in surface properties of a field may be analyzed precisely.
- the properties of surfaces other than grass may be measured using surface testing apparatus 1. For example, if fingers 16 are removed from ground engaging foot 15, the surface properties of polish wooden floors, tiled floors, bitumen and the like may be measured.
- the value of force is known as it is merely the value of torque multiplied by the mean distance from the shaft to the circumference of the ground engaging foot. Additionally, the Normal Force is known as it is merely the weight of the shaft 14, the ground engaging foot 15 and the weights 17. Hence, the coefficient of friction may be calculated. Similarly, a coefficient for traction may be calculated when surface testing apparatus 1 is carrying out tests on grass with fingers 16 attached. Additionally, the static and dynamic coefficient's of friction and traction may be calculated. These values may be used when undertaking comparisons of different turf types and different areas of a playing field. It will be appreciated that various other changes and modifications may be made to the embodiment described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ545705A NZ545705A (en) | 2003-09-11 | 2004-09-10 | An apparatus and method for measuring surface properties |
AU2004270767A AU2004270767B2 (en) | 2003-09-11 | 2004-09-10 | An apparatus and method for measuring surface properties |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU2003904955A AU2003904955A0 (en) | 2003-09-11 | An apparatus and method for measuring surface properties | |
AU2003904955 | 2003-09-11 |
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WO2005024396A1 true WO2005024396A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
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PCT/AU2004/001236 WO2005024396A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 | 2004-09-10 | An apparatus and method for measuring surface properties |
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NZ (1) | NZ545705A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005024396A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2233912A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-29 | Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-GmbH | Floor element testing device for testing a floor element, in particular an artificial lawn base element |
WO2012004101A1 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-12 | Labosport | Wearing rig for a floor covering, in particular an artificial lawn, combining compacting and abrasion effects |
WO2021178698A1 (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-09-10 | Biocore LLC | Automated turf testing apparatus and system for using same |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4712418A (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1987-12-15 | Harald Augustin | Apparatus for the measurement of surface friction |
FR2751748A1 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 1998-01-30 | Labosport Soc | Sports court synthetic surface characterisation device |
US5920005A (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-07-06 | Moss; Arthur L. | Geosynthetic liner testing apparatus and method |
WO2002063279A1 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-15 | Ten Cate Nicolon B.V. | Device for measuring the static and/or dynamic friction coefficient of an artificial grass lawn for sports fields |
WO2002097401A2 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2002-12-05 | Eastman Chemical Company | Bottle friction analysis system |
US20030101793A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-05 | Evans Paul R. | Machine for testing wear, wear-preventative and friction properties of lubricants and other materials |
WO2004051239A1 (en) * | 2002-11-20 | 2004-06-17 | Ten Cate Thiolon B.V. | Device for measuring the static and/or dynamic friction coefficient of a surface |
-
2004
- 2004-09-10 NZ NZ545705A patent/NZ545705A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-10 WO PCT/AU2004/001236 patent/WO2005024396A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4712418A (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1987-12-15 | Harald Augustin | Apparatus for the measurement of surface friction |
FR2751748A1 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 1998-01-30 | Labosport Soc | Sports court synthetic surface characterisation device |
US5920005A (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-07-06 | Moss; Arthur L. | Geosynthetic liner testing apparatus and method |
WO2002063279A1 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-15 | Ten Cate Nicolon B.V. | Device for measuring the static and/or dynamic friction coefficient of an artificial grass lawn for sports fields |
WO2002097401A2 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2002-12-05 | Eastman Chemical Company | Bottle friction analysis system |
US20030101793A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-05 | Evans Paul R. | Machine for testing wear, wear-preventative and friction properties of lubricants and other materials |
WO2004051239A1 (en) * | 2002-11-20 | 2004-06-17 | Ten Cate Thiolon B.V. | Device for measuring the static and/or dynamic friction coefficient of a surface |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2233912A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-29 | Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-GmbH | Floor element testing device for testing a floor element, in particular an artificial lawn base element |
WO2012004101A1 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-12 | Labosport | Wearing rig for a floor covering, in particular an artificial lawn, combining compacting and abrasion effects |
FR2962544A1 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-13 | Labosport | WEAR BENCH OF A FLOOR COVER, PARTICULARLY SYNTHETIC TURF, COMBINING COMPACTION AND ABRASION EFFECTS. |
WO2021178698A1 (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-09-10 | Biocore LLC | Automated turf testing apparatus and system for using same |
US11154244B2 (en) | 2020-03-04 | 2021-10-26 | Biocore LLC | Automated turf testing apparatus and system for using same |
US20220039747A1 (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-02-10 | Biocore LLC | Automated turf testing apparatus and system for using same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ545705A (en) | 2008-07-31 |
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