WO2005018865A1 - Method for increasing the stability and/or load carrying ability of work pieces by means of friction welding - Google Patents

Method for increasing the stability and/or load carrying ability of work pieces by means of friction welding Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005018865A1
WO2005018865A1 PCT/DE2004/001521 DE2004001521W WO2005018865A1 WO 2005018865 A1 WO2005018865 A1 WO 2005018865A1 DE 2004001521 W DE2004001521 W DE 2004001521W WO 2005018865 A1 WO2005018865 A1 WO 2005018865A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
workpiece
hole
workpieces
work piece
strength
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Application number
PCT/DE2004/001521
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2005018865A8 (en
Inventor
Karl Ulrich Kainer
Norbert Hort
Hajo Dieringa
Jorge Dos Santos
Axel Meyer
Original Assignee
Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh filed Critical Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh
Priority to US10/568,321 priority Critical patent/US20060266797A1/en
Priority to CA002535823A priority patent/CA2535823A1/en
Priority to EP04762381A priority patent/EP1656232A1/en
Priority to JP2006523514A priority patent/JP2007502711A/en
Publication of WO2005018865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005018865A1/en
Publication of WO2005018865A8 publication Critical patent/WO2005018865A8/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1265—Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/127—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding friction stir welding involving a mechanical connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding involving metallurgical change
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/15—Magnesium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for at least locally increasing the strength and / or resilience of workpieces, a first workpiece being initially produced by means of a conventional manufacturing method.
  • a pouring element is brought into the casting mold at the appropriate point and cast with the casting material, so that, as desired, at least a local increase in strength and / or Resilience is achieved.
  • the task is solved according to the invention in that a. the first workpiece is subsequently provided with a hole in the area of the strength and / or load capacity to be increased and subsequently b. a second workpiece consisting of a material that increases strength and / or resilience is introduced into the hole, and c. in this state, the second workpiece is rubbed relative to the first workpiece by the method of friction welding relative to one another until the welding temperature is below the melting temperature of both workpieces in order to create a friction welding connection between the two workpieces.
  • composite workpieces can be produced which, at least locally, have the properties with regard to strength, resilience and resistance at high temperature and high wear resistance, and workpieces produced in this way can thus be used in areas which were previously used for such Workpieces were completely inaccessible.
  • the first workpiece consists of a light metal material
  • all of the advantageous properties of the lightweight etal 1 can be used for the entire workpiece, for example the low weight or its low density, but also at least strength and resilience and temperature resistance properties can be achieved in the local area of the workpieces that were previously only accessible from workpieces made of materials with a very high specific weight or high density or extremely difficult to machine materials and very costly materials.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out using all variants of friction welding.
  • the hole in the first workpiece is a bore and the second workpiece has a rotationally symmetrical shape
  • the method of friction welding in this case being that of friction stir welding, in which case the friction cone welding can be used, which is a special form of friction stir welding.
  • reinforcements can be achieved in specific local areas of the first workpiece, which overall increase the strength and / or resilience of the workpiece.
  • the hole can either be cylindrical or conical, the rotational symmetry see second workpiece in this case being either cylindrical or correspondingly conical.
  • the hole or the bore can pass through the workpiece at a corresponding point on the first workpiece, but it is also possible to design the hole or the bore as a blind hole or blind bore so that a bottom remains in the first workpiece.
  • the hole or the bore in the first workpiece is at least partially filled by the second workpiece in the connected state, i.e. it is possible to form a through hole or a blind hole or a blind bore already in the second workpiece, corresponding to the shape of the second workpiece, before it is connected to the first workpiece by the friction welding process.
  • the first workpiece can be manufactured using any suitable manufacturing method.
  • the first workpiece is produced in a cast manufacturing process, which has the advantage that the first workpiece can be produced very inexpensively in the form of a mass using known casting techniques, whereas the second workpiece has the specific strength and resilience properties sought can then be sought in the combination of both workpieces for the entire workpiece and can be used, for example, as commercially available semi-finished products, so that the composite workpiece achievable according to the invention also only minimally increases costs compared to a normal casting technical measures manufactured workpiece are recorded.
  • At least the first workpiece consists of a light metal or a light metal 1 alloy, the light metal preferably being magnesium or a magnesium alloy or finally advantageously the light metal being aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • Aluminum and magnesium, including their respective alloys, are playing an increasingly important role in the lightweight construction industry, ie in motor vehicle construction and in the aerospace industry.
  • the lightweight construction industry ie in motor vehicle construction and in the aerospace industry.
  • the good castability of magnesium or magnesium alloys or aluminum and aluminum alloys and their good mechanical workability are combined with the properties of the material of the second workpiece, which have high mechanical and electrochemical resilience, but which are less easy to machine and are much more difficult to cast to stick with this example as that of the first workpiece.
  • the workpiece 10 is initially available as the first workpiece 11, which is shown in section in the individual manufacturing steps according to items 1 to 4.
  • the first workpiece 11 can be any suitable workpiece, which in the present case has a flange-like projection 17, cf. Pos. 1.
  • the first workpiece 11 is made, for example, by means of known casting techniques and can for example consist of an aluminum or magnesium alloy or any other suitable material.
  • a hole 13 is drilled in the flange-like projection 17 or made in another suitable manner.
  • the hole 13 is conical in the present case and has no hole bottom. It should be pointed out that the hole or the bore 13 can also be formed in the first workpiece 11 such that a bottom remains in the hole or the bore 13 (not shown).
  • a second workpiece 12 which in the example shown here is rotationally symmetrical and also conical, is subsequently rotated by means of a device not shown here, cf. Arrow 15, offset and in the direction of movement, cf. Arrow 16, inserted into the hole 13 while continuously maintaining the rotational movement in the direction of movement 16.
  • a friction welding process takes place, which is maintained until the welding temperature is below the melting temperature of both workpieces.
  • a state is then gem. Pos. 3. reached the drawing, in which the hole 13 is filled with the second workpiece 12 to form a friction weld between the first workpiece 11 and the second workpiece 12.
  • the second workpiece 12, as shown in item 2 can also be provided with a through hole 14, so that the second workpiece 12 also in the end position or in the last method step according to.
  • Pos. 4. has a through hole 14. In this case, the separate formation of a through hole 14 by means of a drilling or milling process is not necessary.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for at least locally increasing the stability and/or load carrying ability of work pieces (10), whereby first of all a first work piece (11) is produced by means of a conventional manufacturing method. The inventive method is characterized by the following steps: a) the first work piece (11) is then provided with a hole (13) in the area where stability and/or load carrying ability are to be increased; b) a second work piece (12) which consists of a stability- and/or load carrying ability-increasing material is introduced into the hole (13); c) in this state, the second work piece (12) is rubbed relative to the first work piece (11) according to the friction welding method until the welding temperature is reached which lies below the melting temperature of the two work pieces (11, 12), thereby obtaining a friction-welded connection between the first work piece (11) and the second work piece (12) and producing the work piece (10).

Description

VERFAHREN ZUR ERHÖHUNG DER FESTIGKEIT UND/ODER BELASTBARKEIT VON WERKSTÜCKEN DURCH DIE METHODE DES REIBSCHWEISSENSMETHOD FOR INCREASING THE STRENGTH AND / OR LOADABILITY OF WORKPIECES BY THE METHOD OF FRICTION WELDING
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur wenigstens lokalen Erhöhung der Festigkeit und/oder Belastbarkeit von Werkstücken, wobei ein erstes Werkstück zunächst mittels eines konventionellen Fertigungsverfahrens hergestellt wird.The invention relates to a method for at least locally increasing the strength and / or resilience of workpieces, a first workpiece being initially produced by means of a conventional manufacturing method.
Bestimmte Werkstücke, die aus bestimmten Werkstoffen mittels bekannter, konventioneller Fertigungsverfahren hergestellt werden, bspw. mittels gießtechnischer Verfahren, haben in bezug auf ihre Festigkeit und/oder Belastbarkeit bei ihrem Einsatz in den bestimmungsgemäßen Einbauorten bzw. im Hinblick auf den bestimmungsgemäßen Einbauzwecken zwar die bei der Auswahl des das Werkstück bildenden Werkstoffs bspw. ein gewünschtes geringes Gewicht, wie es bspw. bei Leichtmetal 1 Werkstoffen anzutreffen ist, diese zeigen jedoch werkstoffspezifisch vielfach nicht die Festigkeit und/oder Belastbarkeit, die für den bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch des Werkstücks erforderlich ist bzw. gewünscht wird. In diesen Fällen der geringen Festigkeit und/oder der geringen Belastbarkeit derartiger aus derartigen Werkstoffen gefertigter Werkstücke, zumindest an hochbeanspruchten Orten des Werkstücks zu begegnen, werden schon im Fertigungsvorgang diese Bereiche mit Werkstoffen "verstärkt", um die angestrebte höhere Festigkeit und/oder Belastbarkeit der Werkstücke wenigstens in diesen lokalen Bereichen zu erreichen. So wird bspw. bei einem aus Leichtmetall unter Verwendung bekannter metallurgischer Gießtechniken hergestellten Werkstück während des Gießvorganges ein Eingußelement an entsprechender Stelle in die Gießform gebracht und mit dem Gießwerkstoff umgössen, so daß tatsächlich, wie angestrebt, zumindest eine lokale Erhöhung der Festigkeit und/oder der Belastbarkeit erreicht wird.Certain workpieces that are made from certain materials using known, conventional manufacturing processes, e.g. using casting techniques, have the same strength and / or resilience when used in the intended installation locations or with regard to the intended installation purposes Selection of the material forming the workpiece, for example a desired low weight, as can be found, for example, in light metal 1 materials, but these often do not show the strength and / or resilience, depending on the material, that is required or desired for the intended use of the workpiece. In these cases of low strength and / or the low resilience of such workpieces made of such materials, at least at highly stressed locations on the workpiece, these areas are already "reinforced" with materials in the manufacturing process in order to achieve the desired higher strength and / or resilience To reach workpieces at least in these local areas. For example, in the case of a workpiece made of light metal using known metallurgical casting techniques, a pouring element is brought into the casting mold at the appropriate point and cast with the casting material, so that, as desired, at least a local increase in strength and / or Resilience is achieved.
Insbesondere bei metallischen Werkstücken führt das regelmäßig zu Inko patibi 1 itäten hinsichtlich der elektrochemischen Potentiale des Werkstoffs des Werkstückes und des Werkstoffes des Eingußelementes und auch der Eigenspannungen. Daraus ergeben sich, wie die Praxis bei derartigen Verbundwerkstücken gezeigt hat, neben verstärkt auftretenden Korrosionserscheinungen auch die Entstehung von Rissen infolge der besagten ungünstigen Eigeήspan- nungen der beiden Werkstoffe der beiden Werkstücke.In the case of metallic workpieces in particular, this regularly leads to inconsistencies with regard to the electrochemical potentials of the material of the workpiece and the material of the casting element and also the internal stresses. As practice has shown with composite workpieces of this type, this results, in addition to increased corrosion phenomena, in the formation of cracks as a result of the unfavorable inherent stresses of the two materials of the two workpieces.
Setzt man derartige Verbundwerkstücke der normalen Umwelt oder gar einer Belastung durch salzhaltige, wässri- ge Lösungen aus, so versagen derartige Werkstücke innerhalb kürzester Zeit. Da hinein spielen auch teilweise sehr unterschiedliche physikalische und mechanische Eigenschaften des das Werkstück bildenden Werkstoffs und des das Eingußelement bildenden Werkstoffs. Schließlich ergeben sich auch nachteilige innere Spannungen, die durch das verwendete eigentliche Gießverfahren im Zuge der Herstellung entstehen.If such composite workpieces are exposed to the normal environment or even exposed to saline, aqueous solutions, such workpieces fail within a very short time. Very different physical and mechanical properties of the material forming the workpiece and the material forming the casting element also play a part in this. Finally, there are also negative internal tensions arise from the actual casting process used in the course of production.
Es ist somit Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mit dem wenigstens lokal eine Erhöhung der Festigkeit und/ oder Belastbarkeit von Werkstücken erreicht wird, und zwar bei Werkstücken, die in ihrer Grundkonfiguration mittels unterschiedlicher, allgemein bekannter und ggf. auch konventioneller Herstellungsverfahren hergestellt worden sind, wobei auch eine bei nach bisherigen Fertigungsverfahren hergestellten Werkstücken erhöhte Temperaturfestigkeit erreicht werden soll und wobei das Verfahren kostengünstig und bei geringem apparativem Aufwand durchführbar sein soll.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method of the type mentioned at the outset with which an increase in the strength and / or resilience of workpieces is achieved at least locally, specifically for workpieces which in their basic configuration are made using different, generally known and possibly Conventional manufacturing processes have also been produced, wherein an increased temperature resistance is also to be achieved with workpieces manufactured according to previous manufacturing processes and the process should be economical and can be carried out with little outlay on equipment.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe gem. der Erfindung dadurch, daß a. das erste Werkstück nachfolgend im Bereich der zu erhöhenden Festigkeit und/oder erhöhenden Belastbarkeit mit einem Loch versehen wird und nachfolgend b. in das Loch ein aus einem festigkeits- und/ oder belastbarkeitserhohenden Werkstoff bestehendes zweites Werkstück eingebracht wird und c. in diesem Zustand das zweite Werkstück gegenüber dem ersten Werkstück nach der Methode des Reibschweißens relativ zueinander bis zum Erreichen der Schweißtemperatur unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur beider Werkstücke zur Schaffung einer Reibschweißverbindung zwischen beiden Werkstücken gerieben werden. Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird vorteilhafterweise erreicht, daß sich Verbundwerkstücke herstellen lassen, die wenigstens lokal die Eigenschaften in bezug auf Festigkeit, Belastbarkei und Beständigkeit bei hoher Temperatur und eine hohe Verschleißbeständigkeit aufweisen und derart hergestellte Werkstücke somit in Bereichen eingesetzt werden können, die bisher für derartige Werkstücke völlig unzugänglich waren. Dabei können, wenn bspw. das erste Werkstück aus einem Leichtmetall Werkstoff besteht, für das Gesamtwerkstück alle vorteilhaften Eigenschaften des Leicht etal 1 es genutzt werden, beispielsweise das geringe Gewicht bzw. dessen geringe Dichte, darüber hinaus aber auch Festigkeitsund Belastbarkei ts- und Temperaturbeständigkeitseigenschaften zumindest im lokalen Bereich der Werkstücke erreicht werden, die bisher nur Werkstücken aus Werkstoffen mit sehr großem spezifischem Gewicht bzw. großer Dichte oder extrem schwer bearbeitbaren Werkstoffen und sehr kostenträchtig bereitstellbaren Werkstoffen zugänglich waren.The task is solved according to the invention in that a. the first workpiece is subsequently provided with a hole in the area of the strength and / or load capacity to be increased and subsequently b. a second workpiece consisting of a material that increases strength and / or resilience is introduced into the hole, and c. in this state, the second workpiece is rubbed relative to the first workpiece by the method of friction welding relative to one another until the welding temperature is below the melting temperature of both workpieces in order to create a friction welding connection between the two workpieces. By means of the method according to the invention, it is advantageously achieved that composite workpieces can be produced which, at least locally, have the properties with regard to strength, resilience and resistance at high temperature and high wear resistance, and workpieces produced in this way can thus be used in areas which were previously used for such Workpieces were completely inaccessible. If, for example, the first workpiece consists of a light metal material, all of the advantageous properties of the lightweight etal 1 can be used for the entire workpiece, for example the low weight or its low density, but also at least strength and resilience and temperature resistance properties can be achieved in the local area of the workpieces that were previously only accessible from workpieces made of materials with a very high specific weight or high density or extremely difficult to machine materials and very costly materials.
Grundsätzlich kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren unter Heranziehung aller Varianten des Reibschweißens durchgeführt werden.In principle, the method according to the invention can be carried out using all variants of friction welding.
Gem. einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist das Loch im ersten Werkstück eine Bohrung und das zweite Werkstück weist eine rotationssymmetrische Form auf, wobei die Methode des Reibschweißens in diesem Falle die des Reibrührschweißens ist, wobei in diesem Fall das Reibkegel schweißen zur Anwendung kommen kann, das eine spezielle Form des Reibrührschweißens ist. Auf diese Weise können gezielt in bestimmten lokalen Bereichen des ersten Werkstücks Verstärkungen erreicht werden, die die Festigkeit und/oder Belastbarkeit des Werkstücks insgesamt erhöhen. So kann bspw. das Loch entweder zy- lindrisch oder konisch ausgebildet sein, wobei das rota- tionssysmmetri sehe zweite Werkstück in diesem Falle entweder zylindrisch oder entsprechend konisch ausgebildet ist.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, the hole in the first workpiece is a bore and the second workpiece has a rotationally symmetrical shape, the method of friction welding in this case being that of friction stir welding, in which case the friction cone welding can be used, which is a special form of friction stir welding. In this way, reinforcements can be achieved in specific local areas of the first workpiece, which overall increase the strength and / or resilience of the workpiece. For example, the hole can either be cylindrical or conical, the rotational symmetry see second workpiece in this case being either cylindrical or correspondingly conical.
Das Loch bzw. die Bohrung kann an entsprechender Stelle des ersten Werkstücks das Werkstück durchqueren, es ist aber auch möglich, das Loch bzw. die Bohrung als Sackloch bzw. Sackbohrung auszubilden, so daß ein Boden im ersten Werkstück verbleibt.The hole or the bore can pass through the workpiece at a corresponding point on the first workpiece, but it is also possible to design the hole or the bore as a blind hole or blind bore so that a bottom remains in the first workpiece.
Gem. einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird das Loch oder die Bohrung im ersten Werkstück durch das zweite Werkstück im miteinander verbundenen Zustand wenigstens teilweise ausgefüllt, d.h. es ist möglich, schon im zweiten Werkstück ein Durchgangsloch oder ein Sackloch bzw. eine Sackbohrung auszubilden, entsprechend der Form des zweiten Werkstücks, bevor dieses durch den Reibschweißvorgang mit dem ersten Werkstück verbunden wird.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method, the hole or the bore in the first workpiece is at least partially filled by the second workpiece in the connected state, i.e. it is possible to form a through hole or a blind hole or a blind bore already in the second workpiece, corresponding to the shape of the second workpiece, before it is connected to the first workpiece by the friction welding process.
Grundsätzlich kann das erste Werkstück unter Heranziehung eines beliebigen geeigneten Herstellungsverfahrens hergestellt werden. Vorzugsweise wird das erste Werkstück jedoch in einem Gußfertigungsverfahren hergestellt, was den Vorteil hat, daß das erste Werkstück sehr kostengünstig in Form eines massenweise unter Heranziehung bekannter gießtechnischer Verfahren hergestellt werden kann, wohingegen das zweite Werkstück das die speziellen angestrebten Festigkeits- und Belastbarkeitseigenschaften aufweist, die dann im Verbund beider Werkstücke für das Gesamtwerkstück angestrebt werden und bspw. als im Handel kommerziell verfügbare Halbzeuge herangezogen werden können, so daß auch durch das erfindungsgemäß erreichbare Verbundwerkstück nur minimale Kostensteigerungen gegenüber einem normalen mittels gieß- technischer Maßnahmen hergestellten Werkstück zu verzeichnen sind.In principle, the first workpiece can be manufactured using any suitable manufacturing method. Preferably, however, the first workpiece is produced in a cast manufacturing process, which has the advantage that the first workpiece can be produced very inexpensively in the form of a mass using known casting techniques, whereas the second workpiece has the specific strength and resilience properties sought can then be sought in the combination of both workpieces for the entire workpiece and can be used, for example, as commercially available semi-finished products, so that the composite workpiece achievable according to the invention also only minimally increases costs compared to a normal casting technical measures manufactured workpiece are recorded.
Gem. einer weiteren vorteilhaften anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht wenigstens das erste Werkstück aus einem Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetal 1 -Legierung, wobei vorzugsweise das Leichtmetall Magnesium oder eine Magnesiumlegierung ist oder schließlich vorteilhafterweise das Leichtmetall Aluminium oder eine Aluminiumlegierung ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least the first workpiece consists of a light metal or a light metal 1 alloy, the light metal preferably being magnesium or a magnesium alloy or finally advantageously the light metal being aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
Aluminium und Magnesium einschl. seiner jeweiligen Legierungen, kommen in der Leichtbauindustrie, d.h. im Kraftfahrzeugbau sowie in der Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie eine immer stärker werdende Rolle zu. Insbesondere im Bereich des Kraftfahrzeugbaues ergibt sich neben der geringen Dichte von Aluminium und Magnesium auch die Forderung, Werkstücke bzw. Bauteile aus diesen Werkstoffen äußerst kostengünstig bereitstellen zu können, so daß Werkstücke in diesem Bereich schon jetzt insbesondere mittels bekannter gießtechnischer Verfahren hergestellt werden. Dennoch ergibt sich für diese Fälle die Forderung, daß diese zumindest lokal hohen mechanischen und elektrochemischen Beanspruchungen standhalten müssen. Erfindungsgemäß kombiniert man die gute Gießbarkeit von Magnesium bzw. Magnesiumlegierungen bzw. Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen sowie deren gute mechanische Bearbeitbarkeit mit den Eigenschaften des Werkstoffs des zweiten Werkstücks, die eine hohe mechanische und elektrochemische Belastbarkeit aufweisen, die allerdings weniger gut bearbeitbar und sehr viel schlechter gießbar sind, um bei diesem Beispiel zu bleiben, als der des ersten Werkstücks. Die Erfindung wird nun unter Bezugnahme auf die einzige Zeichnung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles eingehend beschrieben. Diese zeigt:Aluminum and magnesium, including their respective alloys, are playing an increasingly important role in the lightweight construction industry, ie in motor vehicle construction and in the aerospace industry. In particular in the field of motor vehicle construction, in addition to the low density of aluminum and magnesium, there is also the requirement to be able to provide workpieces or components made of these materials in an extremely cost-effective manner, so that workpieces in this area are already produced in particular by means of known casting processes. Nevertheless, there is a requirement for these cases that they have to withstand at least locally high mechanical and electrochemical stresses. According to the invention, the good castability of magnesium or magnesium alloys or aluminum and aluminum alloys and their good mechanical workability are combined with the properties of the material of the second workpiece, which have high mechanical and electrochemical resilience, but which are less easy to machine and are much more difficult to cast to stick with this example as that of the first workpiece. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the single drawing using an exemplary embodiment. This shows:
In vier Schritten die Ausführung des Verfahrens zum Erhalt eines Verbundwerkstücks aus zwei Werkstücken, die mittels der Methode des Reibschweißens miteinander verbunden werden.In four steps, the procedure for obtaining a composite workpiece from two workpieces, which are connected to one another by means of the friction welding method.
Das Werkstück 10 liegt zunächst als erstes Werkstück 11 vor, das in den einzelnen Fertigungsschritten gemäß den Pos. 1. bis 4. im Schnitt dargestellt ist. Das erste Werkstück 11 kann ein beliebiges geeignetes Werkstück sein, das im vorliegenden Falle einen flanschähnlichen Vorsprung 17 aufweist, vgl. Pos. 1. Das erste Werkstück 11 ist bspw. mittels bekannter gießtechnischer Verfahren hergestellt und kann bspw. aus einer Aluminium- oder Magnesiumlegierung oder einem beliebigen anderen geeigneten Werkstoff bestehen.The workpiece 10 is initially available as the first workpiece 11, which is shown in section in the individual manufacturing steps according to items 1 to 4. The first workpiece 11 can be any suitable workpiece, which in the present case has a flange-like projection 17, cf. Pos. 1. The first workpiece 11 is made, for example, by means of known casting techniques and can for example consist of an aluminum or magnesium alloy or any other suitable material.
In den flanschartigen Vorsprung 17 wird ein Loch 13 gebohrt, oder auf sonstige geeignete Weise eingebracht. Das Loch 13 ist im vorliegenden Falle konisch ausgebildet und weist keinen Lochboden auf. Es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß das Loch bzw. die Bohrung 13 auch derart im ersten Werkstück 11 ausgebildet sein kann, daß ein Boden im Loch bzw. der Bohrung 13 verbleibt (nicht dargestellt) .A hole 13 is drilled in the flange-like projection 17 or made in another suitable manner. The hole 13 is conical in the present case and has no hole bottom. It should be pointed out that the hole or the bore 13 can also be formed in the first workpiece 11 such that a bottom remains in the hole or the bore 13 (not shown).
Nachfolgend wird ein zweites Werkstück 12, das in dem hier dargestellten Beispiel rotationssymmetrisch und ebenfalls konisch ausgebildet ist, mittels einer hier nicht dargestellten Einrichtung in Rotation, vgl. Pfeil 15, versetzt und in Bewegungsrichtung, vgl. Pfeil 16, in das Loch 13 unter fortlaufender Beibehaltung der Rotationsbewegung in Bewegungsrichtung 16 eingeführt. Infolge des Kontaktes zwischen erstem Werkstück 11 und zweitem Werkstück 12 erfolgt ein Reibschweißvorgang, der so lange aufrechterhalten wird, bis die Schweißtemperatur unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur beider Werkstücke erreicht ist.A second workpiece 12, which in the example shown here is rotationally symmetrical and also conical, is subsequently rotated by means of a device not shown here, cf. Arrow 15, offset and in the direction of movement, cf. Arrow 16, inserted into the hole 13 while continuously maintaining the rotational movement in the direction of movement 16. As a result of the contact between the first workpiece 11 and the second workpiece 12, a friction welding process takes place, which is maintained until the welding temperature is below the melting temperature of both workpieces.
Dabei wird dann ein Zustand gem. Pos. 3. der Zeichnung erreicht, bei der das Loch 13 mit dem zweiten Werkstück 12 unter Ausbildung einer Reibschweißverbindung zwischen dem ersten Werkstück 11 und dem zweiten Werkstück 12 gefüllt ist.A state is then gem. Pos. 3. reached the drawing, in which the hole 13 is filled with the second workpiece 12 to form a friction weld between the first workpiece 11 and the second workpiece 12.
Gem. der Pos. 4. kann das zweite Werkstück 12, wie es in Pos. 2. dargestellt ist, auch mit einem Durchgangsloch 14 versehen sein, so daß das zweite Werkstück 12 auch in der Endposition bzw. im letzten Verfahrensschritt gem. Pos. 4. ein Durchgangsloch 14 aufweist. In diesem Falle ist die gesonderte Ausbildung eines Durchgangsloches 14 mittels eines Bohr- bzw. Fräsvorganges nicht erforderlich. \ \According to item 4, the second workpiece 12, as shown in item 2, can also be provided with a through hole 14, so that the second workpiece 12 also in the end position or in the last method step according to. Pos. 4. has a through hole 14. In this case, the separate formation of a through hole 14 by means of a drilling or milling process is not necessary. \ \
Es ist abe;r auch möglich, das Durchgangsloch 14 durch das zweite , Werkstück 12 hindurchzubohren bzw. zu -fräsen, nachdem es gem. der Pos. 3. ausgebildet worden ist, d.h. nachdem eine Reibschweißverbindung zwischen dem ersten Werkstück 11 und dem zweiten Werkstück 12 erreicht ist. It is abe ; r also possible to drill or mill through hole 14 through second workpiece 12 after it has been gem. 3 has been formed, ie after a friction weld connection between the first workpiece 11 and the second workpiece 12 is reached.
Bezuqszeichenl isteReference sign list
10 Werkstück10 workpiece
11 erstes Werkstück11 first workpiece
12 zweites Werkstück12 second workpiece
13 Loch/Bohrung13 hole / hole
14 Durchgangsloch14 through hole
15 Pfeil (Rotation)15 arrow (rotation)
16 Pfeil (Bewegungsrichtung)16 arrow (direction of movement)
17 Vorsprung 17 head start

Claims

Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit und/oder Belastbarkeit von WerkstückenPatentansprüche Process for increasing the strength and / or resilience of workpieces
1. Verfahren zur wenigstens lokalen Erhöhung der Festigkeit und/oder Belastbarkeit von Werkstücken, wobei ein erstes Werkstück zunächst mittels eines konventionellen Fertigungsverfahrens hergestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß a. das erste Werkstück nachfolgend im Bereich der zu erhöhenden Festigkeit und/oder erhöhenden Belastbarkeit mit einem Loch versehen wird und nachfolgend b. in das Loch ein aus einem festigkeits- und/ oder belastbarkeitserhohenden Werkstoff bestehendes zweites Werkstück eingebracht wird und c. in diesem Zustand das zweite Werkstück gegenüber dem ersten Werkstück nach der Methode des Reibschweißens relativ zueinander bis zum Erreichen der Schweißtemperatur unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur beider Werkstücke zur Schaffung einer Reibschweißverbindung zwischen beiden Werkstücken gerieben werden.1. A method for at least locally increasing the strength and / or resilience of workpieces, wherein a first workpiece is first produced by means of a conventional manufacturing process, characterized in that a. the first workpiece is subsequently provided with a hole in the area of the strength and / or load capacity to be increased and subsequently b. a second workpiece consisting of a material that increases strength and / or resilience is introduced into the hole, and c. in this state the second workpiece compared to the first workpiece according to the method of friction welding relative to each other until the welding temperature is below the melting temperature of both workpieces to create a friction welding connection between the two workpieces.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Loch im ersten Werkstück eine Bohrung ist und das zweite Werkstück eine rotationssymmetrische Form aufweist, wobei die Methode des Reibschweißens die des Reibrührschweißens oder des Reibkegel Schweißens ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole in the first workpiece is a bore and the second workpiece has a rotationally symmetrical shape, the method of friction welding is that of friction stir welding or friction cone welding.
3. Verfahren nach einem oder beiden der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Loch oder die Bohrung im ersten Werkstück durch das zweite Werkstück im miteinander verbundenen Zustand wenigstens teilweise ausgefüllt wird.3. The method according to one or both of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the hole or the bore in the first workpiece is at least partially filled by the second workpiece in the interconnected state.
4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Werkstück in einem Gießfertigungsverfahren hergestellt wird.4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first workpiece is produced in a cast manufacturing process.
5. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens das erste Werkstück aus einem Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetallegierung besteht.5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least the first workpiece consists of a light metal or a light metal alloy.
6. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leichtmetall Magnesium oder eine Magnesiumlegierung ist.6. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the light metal is magnesium or a magnesium alloy.
7. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leichtmetall Aluminium oder eine Aluminiumlegierung ist.7. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the light metal is aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
nd/mk nd / mk
PCT/DE2004/001521 2003-08-19 2004-07-14 Method for increasing the stability and/or load carrying ability of work pieces by means of friction welding WO2005018865A1 (en)

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US10/568,321 US20060266797A1 (en) 2004-07-14 2004-07-14 Method for increasing the stability and/or load carrying ability of work pieces by means of friction welding
CA002535823A CA2535823A1 (en) 2003-08-19 2004-07-14 Method for increasing the stability and/or load carrying ability of work pieces by means of friction welding
EP04762381A EP1656232A1 (en) 2003-08-19 2004-07-14 Method for increasing the stability and/or load carrying ability of work pieces by means of friction welding
JP2006523514A JP2007502711A (en) 2003-08-19 2004-07-14 Method for increasing workpiece stability and / or load capacity by friction welding

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DE10337971A DE10337971B4 (en) 2003-08-19 2003-08-19 Method for increasing the strength and / or load capacity of workpieces
DE10337971.1 2003-08-19

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EP3059028A1 (en) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cast iron part with a metallic functional area
GB2574377A (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-11 Acergy France SAS Sealing hollow structures

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EP2257403A2 (en) * 2008-01-15 2010-12-08 EMBRAER - Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A. Friction plug welding methods and systems
EP2257403A4 (en) * 2008-01-15 2014-07-02 Embraer Aeronautica Sa Friction plug welding methods and systems
WO2011080257A1 (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-07 Lufthansa Technik Ag Method for repairing a housing part of an aircraft engine
FR2973268A1 (en) * 2011-04-01 2012-10-05 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Producing metal coating on internal surface of barrel of cylindrical casing of combustion engine vehicle, by forming conical insert, fixing insert on spindle, rotating insert at constant speed by spindle, and accosting insert in barrel
WO2016131556A1 (en) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cast part with a metallic functional region
EP3059028A1 (en) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cast iron part with a metallic functional area
US10112231B2 (en) * 2015-02-20 2018-10-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cast part with a metallic functional region
RU2683678C2 (en) * 2015-02-20 2019-04-01 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Molded part with metallic functional area
CN105171225A (en) * 2015-08-25 2015-12-23 西北工业大学 Friction cold pressure welding and hole-sealing method for low-carbon steel hole type joint
GB2574377A (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-11 Acergy France SAS Sealing hollow structures
GB2575719A (en) * 2018-05-29 2020-01-22 Acergy France SAS Sealing hollow structures
GB2575719B (en) * 2018-05-29 2020-10-07 Acergy France SAS Sealing hollow structures
US11253950B2 (en) 2018-05-29 2022-02-22 Acergy France SAS Sealing hollow structures
US11819938B2 (en) 2018-05-29 2023-11-21 Acergy France SAS Sealing hollow structures

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JP2007502711A (en) 2007-02-15
CA2535823A1 (en) 2005-03-03
DE10337971A1 (en) 2005-06-09
WO2005018865A8 (en) 2006-05-26
DE10337971B4 (en) 2006-08-17

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