WO2004104980A2 - Procede et dispositif perfectionnes d'affichage a cristal liquide nematique bistable - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif perfectionnes d'affichage a cristal liquide nematique bistable Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004104980A2 WO2004104980A2 PCT/FR2004/001187 FR2004001187W WO2004104980A2 WO 2004104980 A2 WO2004104980 A2 WO 2004104980A2 FR 2004001187 W FR2004001187 W FR 2004001187W WO 2004104980 A2 WO2004104980 A2 WO 2004104980A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3622—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix
- G09G3/3629—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix using liquid crystals having memory effects, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3622—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix
- G09G3/3629—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix using liquid crystals having memory effects, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals
- G09G3/3637—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix using liquid crystals having memory effects, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals with intermediate tones displayed by domain size control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
- G09G2300/0469—Details of the physics of pixel operation
- G09G2300/0478—Details of the physics of pixel operation related to liquid crystal pixels
- G09G2300/0482—Use of memory effects in nematic liquid crystals
- G09G2300/0486—Cholesteric liquid crystals, including chiral-nematic liquid crystals, with transitions between focal conic, planar, and homeotropic states
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
- G09G2310/061—Details of flat display driving waveforms for resetting or blanking
- G09G2310/062—Waveforms for resetting a plurality of scan lines at a time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
- G09G2310/066—Waveforms comprising a gently increasing or decreasing portion, e.g. ramp
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2018—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of liquid crystal displays.
- the present invention relates to bistable nematic liquid crystal displays.
- the present invention applies in particular to bistable displays with nematic liquid crystals, with an anchoring break, of which two stable textures differ by a twist of approximately 180 °.
- the primary object of the present invention is to improve the performance of bistable display devices.
- a second aim is to propose a new bistable display device enabling gray levels to be obtained.
- these new means can make it possible to significantly improve the optical definition of the pixels when addressing a multiplexed bistable display, by reducing the edge effects affecting switching. They can also make it possible to significantly reduce the non-uniformity defects affecting the images presented by these displays. In addition, these new means make it possible to obtain controlled and uniform levels of gray over the entire display.
- a BiNem display consists of a layer of chiralised nematic liquid crystal placed between two substrates formed by two glass slides, one "master” LM, the other "slave” LE. Ele row and column electrodes, disposed respectively on each of the substrates, receive electrical control signals and make it possible to apply to the nematic liquid crystal an electric field perpendicular to the surfaces. CAFO and CAFA anchor layers are deposited on the electrodes. On the master slide, the CAFO anchoring of the liquid crystal molecules is strong and slightly inclined, on the slave blade, this CAFA anchoring is weak and flat or very slightly inclined.
- Two bistable textures can be obtained. They differ from each other by a twist of ⁇ 180 ° and are topologically incompatible.
- U a uniform or slightly twisted texture
- T a twisted texture.
- the spontaneous step of the nematic is chosen to be substantially equal to a quarter of the thickness of the cell, to make the energies of U and T essentially equal. Without field there is no other state with a lower energy: U and T have a real bistability. Under strong electric field an almost homeotropic texture called H is obtained.
- the molecules are normal to the plate in the vicinity of its surface, the anchoring is said to be “broken”: when the electric field is cut, the cell evolves towards one or the other of the bistable states U and T (see Figure 1).
- the hydrodynamic coupling between the master blade and the slave blade induces the texture T. Otherwise, the texture U is obtained by elastic coupling, helped by the possible inclination of the weak anchor.
- the “switching” of a BiNem screen element will designate the fact for the liquid crystal molecules to pass through the homeotropic state (anchoring break), then to then evolve towards one of the two bistable states. U or T at the cut of the electric field.
- the hydrodynamic coupling [6] between slave blade LE and master blade LM is linked to the viscosity of the liquid crystal. When the field stops, the return to equilibrium of the molecules anchored on the LM master slide creates a flow near it.
- the viscosity causes this flow to diffuse throughout the thickness of the cell in less than a microsecond. If the flow is strong enough near the slave plate LE, it inclines the molecules there in the direction which induces the texture T; they rotate in opposite directions on the two blades. The return to equilibrium of the molecules near the slave plate LE is a second motor of the flow, it strengthens it and helps the homogeneous passage of the pixel in texture T. Thus the passage from the texture H under field to the texture T is obtained by a flow therefore a displacement of the liquid crystal in the direction where the anchoring of the molecules on the master slide LM is inclined (see FIG. 2).
- the elastic coupling between the two plates gives a very slight inclination of the molecules near the slave plate LE, in the texture H under field; even if the applied field tends to orient them perpendicular to the blades. Indeed, the steep inclination of the LM master blade keeps the adjacent molecules inclined.
- the inclination near the master blade LM is transmitted by the elasticity of orientation of the liquid crystal to the slave blade LE; on this the strength of the anchoring and a possible inclination of the latter amplifies the inclination of the molecules. [7].
- the hydrodynamic coupling is insufficient to fight against the residual inclination of the molecules near the slave blade LE, the molecules near the two blades return to equilibrium by turning in the same direction: the texture U is obtained.
- BiNem displays are most often matrix screens formed of nxm pixels, produced at the intersection of perpendicular conductive strips deposited on the master and slave substrates.
- the application of multiplexing signals allows, by the combination of line and column signals, to select the final state of the nxm pixels of the matrix: the voltage applied to the pixel during the line selection time forms a pulse which, in a first phase, breaks the anchoring, then in a second phase, determines the final texture of the pixel.
- the applied voltage either stops abruptly causing a sufficient voltage drop to induce the twisted texture T, or descends gradually, possibly by plates, and creates the uniform texture U.
- L ' pixel voltage excursion determining the speed of the voltage drop is generally low. It is carried out by so-called “column” multiplexing signals and contains the image information. The excursion of the pixel voltages allowing the breaking of the anchoring is higher. It is carried out by. so-called “line” multiplexing signals and is independent of the content of the image. In the following, lines are called the electrodes of the display allowing the application of the "line” signals, and columns the electrodes allowing the application of the "column” voltages.
- the application of the multiplexing signals makes it possible to select the texture of all the pixels of a line, by successively scanning each line of the screen, and by simultaneously applying the column signals determining the state of each pixel of the selected line.
- the present invention results from the following experiments which are the culmination of long studies based on the first observations of aforementioned defect.
- Several BiNem displays similar to those proposed by the publication [1] have been produced, in order to identify the causes of side effects and to find a solution.
- 2 types of test vehicles were produced, one with 4x4 pixels, the other with 160x160 pixels.
- the first BiNem displays produced for the study of edge effects consist of a layer of chiralised nematic liquid crystal placed between two substrates made of glass slides.
- Line electrodes L1, L2, L3 and L4 and column Cl, C2, C3 and C4, disposed respectively on each of the substrates, receive electrical control signals and make it possible to apply to the nematic liquid crystal an electric field perpendicular to the surfaces.
- Anchoring layers are deposited on the electrodes. On the master blade, the anchoring of the liquid crystal molecules is strong and slightly inclined, on the slave blade, it is weak and flat.
- these anchoring layers are brushed to determine the orientation and anchoring of the liquid crystal molecules.
- This BiNem bistable display comprises four column electrodes and four line electrodes, respectively arranged on the master LM (strong anchoring) and slave LE (weak anchoring) substrates, and defining a total of 16 pixels.
- the width of the electrodes is approximately 2 mm, their length approximately 10 mm, and the insulation between two electrodes is approximately 0.05 mm.
- the display is placed between two linear polarizers, the assembly being observed in transmission by means of a rear lighting device.
- the axes of the polarizers are approximately crossed between them, and oriented at approximately 45 ° from the common direction of alignment of the anchor layers. In this configuration, the optical transmission of the texture U (uniform or slightly twisted) is high.
- the texture U is passing (it appears clear.)
- the optical transmission of the texture T (twisted) is weak.
- the texture T is non-passing (it appears dark.).
- This BiNem display is called AB4.
- the BiNem display according to the prior art has the brushing direction parallel to the line electrodes (the brushing directions of the master blade LM and of the slave blade LE are parallel but opposite).
- a BiNem AB4 display with “parallel” brushing as illustrated in FIG. 3 has been produced for a first characterization of the edge effects.
- This display AB4para Switching of a Binem 4x4 display produced according to the state of the art Switching of pixels by simultaneous addressing (non-multiplex mode)
- the row and column electrodes of AB4para are connected to control electronics.
- the four lines (denoted L1, L2, L3 and L4) of the display are connected to each other at the same potential denoted VL, and the four columns (denoted Cl, C2, C3 and C4) connected to a same potential noted V c .
- a potential difference is then applied between VL and Vc.
- the applied signal is a control signal with two voltage levels, as illustrated in FIG. 4, namely a voltage of level VI greater than the threshold tension of anchor break during a first phase of anchor break of duration Tl , then a voltage at level V2 during a second selection phase of duration T2, capable of inducing either the texture T or the texture U, as a function of the voltage V2 applied. It is therefore addressing in non-multiplex mode.
- the set of 16 pixels of AB4para switches simultaneously after application of the control signal, either in the texture U (FIG. 5a) or in the texture T (FIG. 5b), depending on the voltage V2 applied.
- This non-addressed area of small width therefore does not present an obstacle to its crossing by the flow of liquid crystal, probably due to its very small width (0.05 mm), while the liquid crystal is set in motion on both sides. other by the pixels addressed in T. Switching of the pixels by addressing in multiplex mode
- the AB4para display produced previously is connected in a second experiment to electronics generating usual multiplexing signals from BiNem (similar to those described by document [3]) for example as illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the duration of the column signal te is equal to T2.
- the 4 row electrodes L1 to L4 and the 4 column electrodes Cl to C4 of the display are now each connected to one of the 8 channels of an electronic card CE, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7.
- a single row is selected at at the same time: the line selection signal is applied successively to the four lines of the display, in the following order: first line L4, then L3, then L2, then L1.
- the column signals are applied simultaneously to the 4 column electrodes of the display in temporal coincidence with the end of each of the line signals, as described in document [3].
- the pixels then switch in the texture U or T as a function of the voltages applied to the columns as illustrated in FIG. 8.
- the display is placed in an initial state T by simultaneous addressing of all the pixels before application of the multiplexing signals.
- the parameters of the control signals are adjusted to allow optimal switching of the pixels.
- the edge defects consist of a parasitic texture U on the ends of the pixel in the brushing direction. They relate to all the pixels addressed in T adjacent to a pixel addressed in U.
- the parasitic texture U is present in the pixel T over a length of approximately 0.1 mm (see FIG. 9).
- BiNem 160 lines x 160 columns display produced according to the state of the art A BiNem display with a definition of 160 lines x 160 columns was produced in order to evaluate the amplitude of the switching fault on smaller pixels.
- the width of the line electrodes El (on the slave blade) of this device is approximately 0.3 mm, their length approximately 55 mm, and the insulation between two electrodes is approximately 0.015 mm.
- the dimensions of the Ec column electrodes (on the master slide) have the same characteristics as El (width, length, insulation).
- the brushing direction is parallel to the line electrodes.
- the brushing directions of the master and slave blades are parallel but opposite,
- the display is provided with a rear reflector, a front polarizer and a front lighting device to operate in reflective mode: the texture T is busy (it appears clear), the texture U is non-passing (it appears dark).
- Adapted control electronics delivering 160 line signals and 160 column signals, complete the device and allow addressing in multiplex mode of the display.
- edge defects also consist of a parasitic texture U on the left and right ends, in the brushing direction, of all the pixels addressed in T adjacent to a pixel addressed in U (see FIG. 10) This defect appears only in multiplex mode. It gives a visual impression of ill-defined columns, which tend to overflow.
- the parasitic U texture extends over approximately 0.08 mm.
- the texture T is obtained when, at the stop of the electric field, the flow in the vicinity of the slave blade creates a hydrodynamic shear torque opposite to that exerted by the anchoring and stronger in modulus than the latter .
- the elastic torque of the anchor is not zero, it corresponds to the residual angle of inclination under field and tends to induce the texture U.
- the hydrodynamic shear is proportional to the speed gradient in the vicinity of the slave blade .
- v the speed of the liquid crystal in the pixel, t time, xyz an orthonormal reference frame.
- the master and slave blades are parallel to the xy plane and the alignment direction is in the direction of x.
- Velocity obeys a diffusion equation: where 77 is the viscosity of the liquid crystal and p its density.
- the edge is oriented parallel to the flow, the liquid crystal near this edge, but outside the pixel, is entrained by the flow near this edge inside the pixel. Conversely, the flow inside is slowed down.
- the coupling in the y direction perpendicular to the edge is viscous like the coupling in the z direction which initiates the flow from the master blade.
- the equation of these couplings is a Laplace equation so the effect will only be visible in the pixel and outside on a strip whose width is close to the thickness d, i.e. one micron on each side. .
- a corrective factor appears because of the anisotropy of the viscosities of the liquid crystals and the difference in orientation of the molecules between the inside and the outside of the pixel.
- the first microseconds of the flow are decisive for the switching of the texture.
- the simulations show that approximately 10 ⁇ s after the field has stopped, the molecules have started to switch irreversibly in the direction giving the texture T, or in the opposite direction giving the texture U.
- a time of this order is quite short so that we can consider the glass slides as infinitely stiff: only the liquid compresses. It is also long enough to ignore the terms of inertia.
- the speed diffusion equation can then be written:
- ⁇ is the viscosity of the liquid crystal, ⁇ its compressibility and ⁇ the elementary displacement of the layer of liquid crystal at height z.
- v 0 is arbitrary, this is the speed induced by the rotation of the molecules near the master slide.
- x 0 is the scale in x.
- Figure 12 presents the function f (x / x 0 ) therefore the speed at the edge of a pixel as a function of the distance to this edge. This speed is plotted for the master blade, and for 9 positions in z between master blade and slave blade.
- the scale in x / x 0 goes from - ⁇ / 2 to V2.
- the speeds are those of the center of the pixel, they remain proportional to the distance from the slave plate.
- the speed near the slave blade is reduced by 25%, the gradient is reduced in the same proportions, switching to T may be impossible.
- the speed generated by the master blade is divided by 2 at all times.
- the speed sign does not affect the speed profile, the outgoing flow has the same effect as that entering the pixel.
- a very interesting example practically corresponds to the switching of a pixel in T if it is isolated or if the pixel which follows it in the direction of flow switches to U at the same instant.
- the curve in FIG. 12 shows that the speed transmitted to the slave blade LE is halved at the edge of the pixel considered, since there is no flow in the adjacent pixel. If the electrical signal is adjusted to switch the middle of the pixel, its edge will change to U.
- This example is found in the previous experiments, at the edge of the T-pixel adjacent to a U-shaped pixel on the same line, therefore having switched at the same time, a U-shaped band appears. We understand the appearance of the bands in the two previous experiments where the brushing direction D2 and the direction Dl of the line electrodes coincide.
- This arrangement favors the coupling of neighboring pixels during addressing by the same flow of liquid crystal, since the pixels sharing a common line electrode are addressed simultaneously.
- This example is of another interest: if the pixels function independently, it is possible to adjust the electrical signal to make switch in T part of the pixel and thus to obtain shades of gray by progressive variation of the switched surface of the pixel. From a speed threshold on the master blade LM, the middle of the pixel switches to T, a strip of about 0.1mm on the edges switches to U. Clearly above the threshold, all the pixels will switch to T.
- the texture T is obtained everywhere where the shear, therefore the speed of displacement of the liquid crystal exceeds a certain critical value when the texture H is released.
- a BiNem display with parallel orientation is therefore not suitable for grayscale display, at least in the case of small pixels (for example with dimensions less than 1 mm), for which the surface of the parasitic texture U of pixel edge is significant.
- the present invention provides a matrix display device with bistable nematic liquid crystal in which the passage into at least one of the two bistable states is effected by displacement of the liquid crystal in parallel to the surfaces of the device, characterized in that it comprises a system for addressing the various elements of the display, such that it does not simultaneously switch two contiguous elements located in the direction of flow of the material, and thus allows better control of the flows at the edges of the pixel.
- the addressed lines of the device are inclined relative to the direction of flow of the liquid crystal, advantageously perpendicular to this direction,
- the direction of orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is inclined relative to the addressed lines, advantageously perpendicular thereto, the orientation of the molecules is obtained using one of the means chosen from the group comprising: brushing, a polymer layer activated under polarized light, a deposit oriented by vacuum evaporation, a network, - the device is of the BiNem display type, (However it can also be applied to any liquid crystal display using hydrodynamic effects for switching between textures).
- the device according to the present invention comprises means capable of applying control signals adapted to control the intensity of the displacement of the liquid crystal and gradually control the extent of one of the two stable states inside each of the pixels, in order to generate controlled gray levels inside each of these.
- the aforementioned means can proceed by modulating different parameters of the control signals, and in particular the voltage level of the column signals and / or the duration, and / or the phase of these.
- the present invention also relates to a display method using a bistable nematic liquid crystal matrix device in which the passage into at least one of the two bistable states is effected by displacement of the liquid crystal parallel to the surfaces of the device , characterized by the fact that it comprises a step of addressing the various elements of the display using electrical signals such that the device does not simultaneously switch two contiguous elements situated in the direction of flow of the material .
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the operating principle of a BiNem type display
- FIG. 2 represents the hydrodynamic flow present in the cell during a sudden cut in the electric field
- FIG. 3 shows schematically a BiNem display 4 lines x 4 columns according to the state of the art and illustrates in particular the Direction Dl of the line electrodes and the parallel direction D2 of brushing,
- FIG. 4 schematically represents conventional control signals for the simultaneous switching of the pixels of this display
- FIG. 5a represents the state resulting from the display in the texture U
- FIG. 5b represents the state resulting from the display in the texture T
- FIG. 6 shows the multiplexing signals of a BiNem matrix display.
- FIG. 7 shows diagrammatically a test assembly with multiplexing signals on the same display conforming to the state of the art
- FIG. 8a represents the state resulting from the display for controlling the 16 pixels in state T
- FIG. 8b represents the state resulting from the display for controlling the 16 pixels in the state U
- FIG. 8c represents the state resulting from the display for controlling 9 pixels in the state T and 7 pixels in state U,
- FIG. 9 represents the detail of the pixel edge defects, to the left and to the right of a pixel in the direction of the brushing direction,
- FIG. 10 represents a switching fault to the left and to the right on the pixels of a 160 row x 160 column display
- - Figure 12 represents the speed v of the liquid crystal at an instant, at different positions between the slave plate and master plate, as a function of the distance x at the edge of the pixel
- - Figure 13 schematically represents a BiNem display 4 lines x 4 columns according to the present invention and in particular illustrates the direction D1 of the line electrodes and the orthogonal direction D2 of brushing
- FIG. 14a represents the state resulting from the display for a command of 16 pixels in state T
- FIG. 14b represents the state resulting from the display for a command of 16 pixels in state U
- FIG. 14c represents the state resulting from the display for a command of 8 pixels in state T and 8 pixels in state U,
- FIG. 15 represents the detail of the pixel edge defects, to the left and to the right of a pixel in the direction of the brushing direction, for a brushing direction D2 perpendicular to the direction Dl of the line electrodes,
- FIG. 16 schematically represents a BiNem 4-line x 4-column display according to a variant of the present invention and illustrates in particular the direction D1 of the line electrodes and the direction D2 at 45 ° of brushing,
- FIG. 17a represents the state resulting from this last display for a command of 16 pixels in state T
- FIG. 17b represents the state resulting from this same display for a command of 16 pixels in the state U
- FIG. 17c represents the state resulting from the display for a command of 9 pixels in the state T and 7 pixels in state U,
- FIG. 18 represents the detail of the pixel edge defects displayed on this display
- FIG. 19 shows the geometric advantage obtained with a display according to the invention, by comparing a "left-right” edge effect in accordance with the state of the art illustrated in FIG. 19a with an "up-" edge effect bottom ”according to the present invention illustrated in FIG. 19b,
- FIG. 20 represents in the form of an electro-optical response curve the percentage of texture T of a display as a function of the voltage V2 illustrated in FIG. 4,
- FIG. 21 shows 6 optical states of the pixels of a 160x480 display according to the state of the art obtained by applying successive column voltages Vc of -0.4V, -0.8V; -IV; -1.4V; -1.6V; -2V
- - Figure 22 represents 4 optical states of the pixels of a 160x480 display according to the state of the art obtained by applying column pulses of variable durations, respectively lOO ⁇ s, 200 ⁇ s, 300 ⁇ s, and 500 ⁇ s
- FIG. 23 represents the parameters of the column signal capable of being modulated for producing gray levels by “curtain effect” according to the invention, more precisely in FIG.
- the first line represents a line signal n
- the second line represents a line signal n + 1
- the third line referenced “a” evokes the modulation of the amplitude Vc of the column signal
- the fourth line referenced “b” evokes the modulation of the duration Te of the column signal
- the fifth line referenced “c” evokes the modulation of the phase, characterized by ⁇ Tc, of the column signal
- FIG. 24 represents the principle of producing the gray levels according to the invention
- FIG. 25 shows 8 optical states of the pixels of a 160x480 display according to the present invention obtained by applying successive column voltages Vc of -3.6V, -2.8V, -1.8V, -0.8V, - 0.6V, - 0.5V, -0.4V and -0.2V with the signals defined in table III,
- FIG. 26 represents the curve of the optical response of a display device in accordance with the present invention, as a function of the column voltage Vc for the temperature of 26.4 ° C.
- FIG. 27 represents 8 optical states of the pixels of a 160 ⁇ 480 display in accordance with the present invention obtained by applying column pulses of variable duration, respectively of 400 ⁇ s, 600 ⁇ s, 650 ⁇ s, 700 ⁇ s, 750 ⁇ s, 800 ⁇ s, 850 ⁇ s and 900 ⁇ s,
- FIG. 28 represents the curve of the optical response of a display device in accordance with the present invention as a function of the duration of the column pulse for the ambient temperature 26.4 ° C.
- FIG. 29 shows 6 optical states of the pixels of a 160x480 display according to the present invention brushed at 60 ° from the direction of the row electrodes as a function of the column voltage Vc, for 6 voltages respectively of -1.2V; -2.8V; -2,9V; -3.1V; -3.2V and - 3.4V.
- Figure 30 shows an example of line signals from a BiNem display addressed by a two-step mode according to the invention, more precisely Figure 30 illustrates the example of a Vsimul signal of the type Single-ply “passage in T” and two-ply multiplexing signals,
- FIG. 31 shows an example of line signals from a BiNem display device addressed by a two-step mode according to the invention, more precisely FIG. 31 illustrates the example of a Vsimul signal of the “double U-shaped passage” type and two-ply multiplexing signals,
- FIG. 32 shows an example of line signals from a BiNem display device addressed by a two-step mode according to the invention, more precisely FIG. 32 illustrates the example of a single-strip Vsimul type signal and single-ply multiplexing signals,
- Figure 33 shows an example of line signals from a BiNem display addressed by a two-step mode according to the invention, more precisely Figure 33 illustrates the example of a Vsimul signal of the “U-shaped” type with ramp and single-ply multiplexing signals,
- FIG. 35 represents the optical response curve as a function of the voltage of the signal applied to the pixel for control signals of the type illustrated in FIG. 33,
- - Figure 36 represents methods of obtaining levels of gray by "curtain effect" in multiframe mode
- - Figure 37 represents a BiNem 160x160 display, with a checkerboard where on each line alternates a white square and a square whose color corresponds to a gray level, as well as the zoom on the squares corresponding to the 8 levels entered,
- FIG. 38 represents an enlargement of a few pixels of the display in FIG. 37
- FIG. 39 represents the optical response associated with each gray level in FIG. 37
- - Figure 40 illustrates two possible scanning direction for a BiNem display brushed at 90 °: one in the same direction as the hydrodynamic flow, the other in direction "opposite to the hydrodynamic flow
- - Figure 41 represents the influence of the direction of scanning of the display on the obtaining of edge effects making it possible to produce gray or "curtain effect".
- BiNem display brushed at 90 ° from the direction of the line electrodes
- a 4-line x 4-column display similar to that of the first embodiment (illustrated in FIG. 3) was manufactured using the general technology known as BiNem.
- the angle between the brushing direction D2 and the direction of the line electrodes D1 has been increased to 90 °.
- This display is illustrated in Figure 13.
- the brushing direction of the master blade and the slave blade are identical.
- This new type of BiNem display is called "orthogonal BiNem display”.
- the AB4 display produced according to the invention is referenced AB4ortho in FIG. 13.
- the AB4ortho display was then connected to the same CE control electronics as that of the first experimental device. It is then addressed in multiplex mode. Observation of images in multiplex mode The display being placed in the same optical device as previously, it is observed after the addressing of the same 3 images.
- the edge defects consist of a parasitic U texture, extending over a typical length of 0.1 mm on either side of the ends in the direction of brushing (now high and low relative to the direction of the lines), of all the pixels T (see Figure 15).
- Pixels U are not affected.
- edge effect affects all the pixels in T independently of the switching of the neighboring pixels is an advantage compared to the prior art, since a uniform and controlled visual appearance is obtained. Furthermore, by decorrelating the edge effect of the line signal, the possibility is opened during the production of gray of controlling the proportion of U and T in an identical manner on all the pixels.
- BiNem display brushed at 45 ° from the direction of the line electrodes In this embodiment, an angle of 45 ° is introduced between the brushing direction D2 and the direction of the line electrodes Dl. This device is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 16.
- the display was then connected to the same CE control electronics as that of the initial device, with addressing in multiplex mode.
- the edge defects affect the two angles aligned in the direction of brushing of all the pixels addressed at T (FIG. 18).
- the defects consist of a parasitic U texture, with a typical diameter of less than 0.1 mm. The surface of these defects is much smaller than that noted on the initial device.
- An electrooptical reference curve is defined for the BiNem displays: The optical state or percentage of texture T as a function of the voltage V2 as shown in FIG. 4. (document [3]). This reference curve illustrated in FIG. 20 provides indications on the parameters to be used for the multiplexing of the display.
- This curve indicates that a BiNem display can be multiplexed either at the operating point "on the left” (the voltage V2 of the line multiplexing signal is assigned to the value V2G), or "on the right” (line voltage V2D ).
- the invention also makes it possible to obtain a well-controlled switching to gray levels of the pixels on BiNem displays brushed in an inclined manner with respect to the direction of the line electrodes, for example brushed at 90 ° or 60 ° of this direction.
- Document [8] describes an embodiment of gray levels by modulating the voltage applied to the pixel, while controlling the proportion of U and T within the same pixel, according to the state of the art prior to the present invention. It can be seen experimentally that in so-called “parallel” addressing, the pixels placed in an intermediate optical state have a multitude of contiguous U and T microdomains.
- FIGS. 21 and 22 show the evolution of these microdomains with the control voltage for a BiNem 160x480 display according to the state of the art (so-called "parallel" brushing).
- FIG. 21 corresponds to the case where the value of the column voltage varies
- FIG. 22 corresponds to the case where the duration of the column voltage varies.
- the addressing signals used are typically signals with three plates, the diagram of which is shown in FIG. 6.
- the values corresponding to the photographs in FIGS. 21 and 22 are described in Tables I and II respectively.
- FIGS. 21 and 22 show that, for a given pixel, although the average proportion of texture T increases when Vc decreases, the centers of microdomains in texture T remain randomly arranged inside the pixel.
- the presence of a large number of small microdomains is not favorable to the long term stability of the gray state obtained.
- Creation of gray levels according to the invention On the contrary, in the case of orthogonal addressing according to the present invention, the pixel is made up of two domains: a domain T and domain U, separated by a rectilinear wall.
- the large size of the domains gives optimal stability.
- This border moves in the pixel and thus determines a set of gray levels. This is achieved by controlling the hydrodynamic flow within a pixel using the applied signals.
- this embodiment of the grays according to the invention by controlling the hydrodynamic effect "curtain effect". In some cases, the effect can spread from two opposite edges rather than just one.
- the pixel is approximately divided into two zones, each being occupied by one of the two textures.
- the length of the lines of separation or of the walls separating the textures is therefore never microscopic. This situation is favorable for obtaining an excellent stability of the extension of the textures, therefore of the optical state of the pixel.
- the gray levels of the display produced by "curtain effect" in accordance with the invention can be controlled by modulation of the various control parameters of the display. These parameters are (see Figure 23):
- VIL voltage of the applied voltages
- VL2 amplitude of the applied voltages
- T2 duration of the applied voltages
- the phase of the column signal is defined in figure 23c by the offset between the falling edges of the second plateau of the line signal and of the column signal.
- the value of ⁇ Tc can be positive or negative.
- the parameter TL time which separates two line signals
- the line signal comprises only a plateau of value VL.
- VL can be either higher or lower than the anchoring break threshold voltage.
- the principle of producing gray levels according to the invention for a pixel signal with two plates is given in Figure 24.
- the pixel signal is characterized by four parameters V1, V2 (amplitude of the voltages applied), Tl and T2 (duration of these applied voltages).
- the modulation of all the parameters of the pixel signal is acted on by modulating some of these signals frame by frame.
- Prototypes were produced in order to test the control of gray levels by "curtain effect" in single and multi-frame mode.
- Production of gray levels according to the invention in single-frame mode The gray levels are produced in the following three examples by modulating the parameters of the column signal, either the amplitude of the slot, or its duration.
- Experimental setup with a BiNem 160x480 90 ° brushed display A prototype BiNem screen defining 160 lines x 480 columns, brushed at 90 ° from the direction of the line electrodes was produced.
- the width of the column electrodes is approximately 0.085 mm, their length is approximately 55 mm, the insulation between columns is approximately 0.015 mm.
- the width of the lines is approximately 0.3 mm, their length approximately 55 mm, the insulation between lines is approximately 0.015 mm.
- the elementary pixel is described in FIG. 19b.
- the brushing direction D2 is perpendicular to the line electrodes.
- the display is equipped with a rear reflector, a front polarizer and a front lighting device to operate in reflective mode: the texture T is passing (it appears clear), the texture U is non-passing (it appears dark).
- Adapted control electronics delivering 160 line signals and 480 column signals, complete the device and allow addressing in multiplex mode of the display.
- the pixels of the test vehicle are observed at a magnification compatible with the observation of the textures present on the pixels.
- the screen is addressed by multiplexing signals whose default parameters and excursions are defined in table III.
- the addressing signals are typically signals with three plates, the diagram of which is shown in FIG. 6.
- the intermediate plate is at the voltage of the second line plate V2. Its duration is the difference between time T2 of the second row stage and time TC of the column pulse.
- TL is the time between two line signals. It has been optimized for obtaining gray levels by curtain effect according to the invention.
- the pixels are previously passed into a given state, for example T, before being addressed for the grays (see below).
- Figure 25 demonstrates the excellent ability of the 90 ° brushed BiNem display to reproduce a grayscale scale.
- the optical response of the display as a function of the column voltage Vc applied is illustrated in FIG. 26.
- the duration of the column pulses varies from 400 ⁇ s to 900 ⁇ s.
- the other parameters of the multiplexing signals are indicated in table IV.
- TL is the time between two line signals. It has been optimized for obtaining gray levels by curtain effect according to the invention.
- the optical response curve of the display as a function of the duration of the applied column pulses is shown in FIG. 28. This continuous response allows the production of gray level multiplex BiNem displays by modulating the duration of the column signals.
- test vehicle is the same as before, unlike the brushing direction, which is here 60 ° instead of 90 °.
- the multiplexing voltage applied to the columns is varied continuously between -1.2 V and -3.4 V by observing the optical state obtained for each voltage. The result is shown in FIG. 29.
- the parameters used by default for the multiplexing signals are given by table V below.
- TL is the time between two line signals. It has been optimized for obtaining gray levels by curtain effect according to the invention.
- the operating temperature are all factors likely to influence the switching of a BiNem cell. Depending on the value of these factors, there may be a texture “easy” to obtain and a texture “difficult” to obtain, or a texture “quick” to obtain and a texture “slow” to obtain. For example, this is particularly true for the temperature factor, which notoriously influences the properties of the liquid crystal and therefore the characteristics of the switching.
- FIG. 30 An example of the implementation of a 2-step addressing according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 30, taking the example of a collective signal of type passing through T.
- Two lines, n and n + 1 are concerned in this nonlimiting example, and the principle is generalized to the whole of the display.
- the parameters of the line signal V sim ui applied simultaneously to several lines (V sT , ⁇ ' p ) are adapted to the collective switching mode and can vary as a function of certain parameters.
- V S i mU ⁇ has only one tray but it can also have two or more.
- the parameters of the multiplexing signals are also suitable and may take different values from those used in the simple multiplex mode.
- the line signals, bi-plate in this example, can also be, multi or single plate.
- Column signals can be modulated by amplitude, duration or phase as shown in Figure 23 or a combination of two or even three methods.
- FIG. 31 Another example of the implementation of a 2-step addressing according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 31, taking the example of a collective signal of U-shaped passage type. Two lines, n and n + 1 are concerned in this nonlimiting example, and the principle is generalized to the whole of the display.
- the parameters of the simulated line signal V ⁇ applied simultaneously to several lines are adapted to the collective switching mode and can vary according to certain parameters.
- the parameters of the multiplexing signals (VL"1; VL “2;T” ⁇ ; T “ 2 ;V”c; T “ c ) are also suitable and can take different values from those used in the simple multiplex mode.
- the line signals, bi-plate in this example can also be multi or single. Column signals can be modulated by amplitude, duration or phase as shown in figure 23 or a combination of two or even three methods. Another example of the implementation of a 2-step addressing according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS.
- the column signals can be modulated by amplitude, duration or phase as illustrated in FIG. 23 or a combination of two or even three methods.
- passage in U has a ramp shape.
- the simultaneous switching for the difficult texture can be carried out “by packet” of p lines, which are then addressed in multiplex mode, then the packet of the p following lines is addressed in collective then multiplex, and so on until addressing of all lines of the display.
- the simultaneous switching for the difficult texture can also be carried out collectively for all of the lines of the display, then the latter is addressed in multiplex mode on all of these lines, as is usually the case.
- a first example of two-step addressing as illustrated in FIG. 30 is: - First step:
- Vc modulation Multiplex type addressing as described in table VII, in order to achieve gray levels by “curtain effect” according to the invention.
- VIL -20V V2L. -7 V Vc O to -3 V White: Vc + 3V
- a second example of two-step addressing as illustrated in FIG. 32 is: - First step:
- An example of two-step addressing as illustrated in FIG. 33 is that corresponding to table X.
- FIG. 35 gives the optical transmission as a function of the pixel voltage equal to V " L -Vc. A modulation between black and white is obtained with a variation of 4V of Vc.
- the signal V stmu ⁇ can be positive monopolar, negative monopolar, bipolar, not necessarily symmetrical.
- the important thing - is not its exact shape but its function which is to switch, collectively or in packages, the lines of the display, in order to place them in a state (texture of the liquid crystal) perfectly defined before the application of multiplexing signals.
- This mode is for example interesting when it is not possible to directly modulate Vc, as is the case when using STN drivers.
- a BiNem display of the same type as above but with 160x160 square pixels was used for this experiment.
- the size of an elementary pixel is 290 ⁇ m.
- General principle of the multi-frame addressing method To achieve gray, the value of all the addressing signals can be modified between two frames. To obtain n gray levels, one must typically address n frames. Let VLl (i), Tl (i), VL2 (i), T2 (i) Vc (i) and Tc (i) be the row and column signals associated with the frame i.
- the interlining time Tl is also a parameter to take into account. The set of these values can theoretically be modified between two fields, in order to generate the desired gray levels.
- the pixels are previously passed into a given state, before being addressed for the grays.
- the frame 1 then corresponds to the first step called “simultaneous” or the pixels of the display are switched by packet or collectively in the so-called “difficult” texture or “slow".
- the following frames are addressed in multiplex mode.
- Frame 2 we switch to U all the pixels of the line which must have 100% of U (for example column signal -Vc). The other pixels receive an inoperative signal, and therefore remain at 100% T.
- Frame 3 the pixels must then be addressed having a slightly lower proportion of U, for example 80%. Pixels waiting to be addressed in gray, ie “waiting to be filled” receive an inoperative signal, which confirms their state of T. Pixels
- Frame 4 the pixels which have a lower proportion of U, for example 60%, are then addressed.
- the pixels “waiting to be filled” receive an inoperative signal, which confirms their state of T.
- the pixels "already filled” with the right proportion of U here those in
- the column voltage can take the values 0, + Vc and -Vc, the duration Te is fixed, and the parameters VL1NL2, T1, T2 are varied with each frame to obtain the desired gray. Line voltages are negative in this example.
- the operating mode is as follows: Frame 1: First we collectively switch all the pixels at T. For a given frame i:
- This inoperative signal is for example a signal of course having the same line parameters VLl (i), VL2 (i), Tl (i), T2 (i) and a value on their column of -f-Vc
- Frame 1 is dedicated to the 100% T (white) collective passage. Then in multiplex mode the following frames "fill" the pixels with U.
- Frame 2 is devoted to the passage of pixels whose final state is 100% U (black).
- Frame 3 is devoted to the pixels to be addressed in dark gray, etc., up to the lightest gray.
- the grays are obtained at first by varying the value of VL2, then for the lighter grays by decreasing the duration T1.
- Table XI example of parameters of the voltage applied to the pixels in an 8-frame mode
- Figure 37 shows a BiNem 160x160 display, addressed according to the mode described above, with a checkerboard where on each line alternates a white square and a square whose hue corresponds to a gray level, as well as the zoom on the squares corresponding to the 8 registered levels.
- Figure 38 shows an enlargement of a few pixels for better visibility of the effect.
- Figure 39 gives the optical response associated with each gray.
- the present invention may apply the provisions taught in document [3], namely in particular: - a device for addressing a nistatic bistable nematic liquid crystal matrix screen with anchoring breakage, comprising means designed to apply , on the column electrodes of the screen, an electrical signal whose parameters are adapted to reduce the mean square voltage of the spurious pixel pulses to a value lower than the Freederikzs voltage, in order to reduce the spurious optical effects of the addressing ,
- each row signal and each column signal comprises two successive subsets of identical configuration, but of opposite polarities, - a device in which the polarity of the line signals and of the column signals is reversed with each change of image, a device in which a common voltage is added to the useful components of the line signals and of the column signals so that the signals applied each pixel has two successive subsets of opposite polarities.
- a device for electrically addressing a matrix screen with bistable nematic liquid crystal and with an anchoring break comprising means capable of applying controlled electrical signals respectively to row electrodes and to column electrodes of the screen, comprising means capable of simultaneously addressing several lines, using similar line signals and time-shifted by a delay greater than or equal to the time of application of the column voltages, said line addressing signals comprising in a first period at minus a voltage value making it possible to effect an anchoring break of all the pixels of the line, then a second period making it possible to determine the final state of the pixels making up the addressed line, this final state being a function of the value of each electrical signals applied to the corresponding columns,
- ⁇ c ⁇ D ⁇ relation in which: ⁇ D represents the time offset between two line signals, ⁇ L represents the line addressing time comprising at least one anchoring break phase and one phase selection of the texture and ⁇ c represents the duration of a column signal, - a device in which the addressing time of x lines addressed simultaneously is equal to ⁇ + [ ⁇ D. (xl) J relation in which: ⁇ D represents the time offset between two line signals, and ⁇ L represents the time d line addressing comprising at least one anchoring break phase and one texture selection phase,
- ⁇ D represents the time offset between two line signals
- ⁇ L represents the line addressing time comprising at least one anchoring break phase and one texture selection phase
- each line signal comprises two successive adjacent sequences having respectively opposite polarities
- ⁇ represents the time offset between two line signals
- ⁇ represents the line addressing time comprising at least one anchoring break phase and one texture selection phase
- the column signal is chosen from the group comprising: a column signal of duration less than or equal to the duration of the last plateau of the line signal, a column signal of duration ⁇ c equal to ⁇ D and a column signal of duration ⁇ c less than ⁇ D
- ⁇ D representing the time offset between two line signals
- ⁇ c represents the duration of the column signal.
- the present invention may also apply, whether in particular for signals with addressing in one or two steps, of the provisions taught in document [10], namely in particular:
- a display device comprising addressing means capable of generating and applying to each of the pixels of the matrix screen, control signals comprising rising slopes in slope, preferably rising slopes in slope which have a slope from 0.1 V / ⁇ s to 0.005 V / ⁇ s.
- a device comprising addressing means adapted to generate signals comprising two phases: a first phase of breaking of the anchor, and a second selection phase.
- a device, the addressing means of which are adapted to generate, for obtaining a uniform texture, signals for which the fall between two successive stages of the falling edge of the selection phase does not exceed a critical threshold value ⁇ V , while for obtaining a twisted texture, the falling front comprises at least one sudden drop greater than the critical threshold value ⁇ V.
- the rising edge has a duration ⁇ R of 200 ⁇ s at 4 ms.
- - a device in which the rising edge has a duration ⁇ R greater than 300 ⁇ s.
- - a device in which the slope of the falling edge is of the same order of magnitude as the rising edge.
- each pixel is controlled by a component, for example a transistor, capable of being switched between two states, respectively passing and non-passing.
- the present invention also extends to the combinations of characteristics mentioned above.
- the two textures which differ by approximately 180 ° are not necessarily one uniform or slightly twisted (ie close to 0 °) and the other close to half-turn (ie close to 180 ° ). In fact, in the context of the present invention, it is possible to provide different twists for these two textures, for example 45 ° and 225 °.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
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JP2006530356A JP4740860B2 (ja) | 2003-05-16 | 2004-05-14 | 双安定ネマティック液晶表示を有する先進的方法および装置 |
KR1020057021898A KR101064363B1 (ko) | 2003-05-16 | 2004-05-14 | 쌍안정 네마틱 액정 디스플레이를 구비한 장치 및 진보된방법 |
EP04742736A EP1634270A2 (fr) | 2003-05-16 | 2004-05-14 | Procede et dispositif perfectionnes d'affichage a cristal liquide nematique bistable |
CNB2004800203960A CN100411000C (zh) | 2003-05-16 | 2004-05-14 | 有关双稳态向列液晶显示器的改进方法及设备 |
US10/557,721 US7616180B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2004-05-14 | Advanced method and device with a bistable nematic liquid crystal display |
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FR03/05934 | 2003-05-16 | ||
FR0305934A FR2854980B1 (fr) | 2003-05-16 | 2003-05-16 | Procede et dispositif perfectionnes d'affichage a cristal liquide nematique bistable |
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US (1) | US7616180B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1634270A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4740860B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101064363B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100411000C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2854980B1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TWI361916B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004104980A2 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2899712A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-12 | Nemoptic Sa | Perfectionnements aux afficheurs bistables a cristaux liquides nematique |
WO2008101969A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-21 | 2008-08-28 | Nemoptic | Dispositif afficheur a cristal liquide comprenant des moyens perfectionnes de commutation |
FR2916296A1 (fr) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-21 | Nemoptic Sa | Procede d'adressage d'un ecran matriciel a cristal liquide et dispositif appliquant ce procede. |
EP2500429A2 (fr) | 2005-05-31 | 2012-09-19 | Devgen N.V. | ARNi pour le contrôle des insectes et des arachnides |
US8883037B2 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2014-11-11 | Tetragon Lc Chemie Ag | Chiral compounds, cholesteric and ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions comprising these chiral compounds, and liquid crystal displays comprising these liquid crystal compositions |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2916295B1 (fr) * | 2007-05-18 | 2010-03-26 | Nemoptic | Procede d'adressage d'un ecran matriciel a cristal liquide et dispositif appliquant ce procede |
ATE464587T1 (de) | 2007-12-06 | 2010-04-15 | Nemoptic | Verfahren zur herstellung einer bistabilen flüssigkristallzelle |
CN102208175B (zh) * | 2010-03-29 | 2016-01-20 | 精工电子有限公司 | 双稳定型液晶显示装置的驱动方法 |
US9007285B2 (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2015-04-14 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Multi-line addressing method and apparatus for bistable display |
TWI504984B (zh) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-10-21 | Innolux Corp | 顯示面板及包含該顯示面板的顯示裝置 |
CN112699540B (zh) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-11-23 | 温州市数据管理发展集团有限公司 | 一种户外led矩阵屏及设计方法 |
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US5530573A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1996-06-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Multiple domain liquid crystal display having a cell thickness divided by helical pitch equal to 1/8 or less |
GB9402513D0 (en) * | 1994-02-09 | 1994-03-30 | Secr Defence | Bistable nematic liquid crystal device |
GB9510612D0 (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1995-07-19 | Central Research Lab Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the addressing of liquid crystal displays |
FR2740894B1 (fr) * | 1995-11-08 | 1998-01-23 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Dispositif d'affichage perfectionne a base de cristaux liquides et a effet bistable |
GB2320103A (en) * | 1996-12-05 | 1998-06-10 | Sharp Kk | Liquid crystal devices |
KR19980033500A (ko) * | 1998-04-18 | 1998-07-25 | 이신두 | 반사형 쌍안정 네마틱 액정 표시 장치 |
JP3666249B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-19 | 2005-06-29 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 液晶装置および電子機器 |
US6320563B1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2001-11-20 | Kent State University | Dual frequency cholesteric display and drive scheme |
FR2824400B1 (fr) * | 2001-05-04 | 2003-12-19 | Nemoptic | Dispositif d'affichage bistable a niveau de gris a base de cristaux liquides |
-
2003
- 2003-05-16 FR FR0305934A patent/FR2854980B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-05-14 US US10/557,721 patent/US7616180B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-14 EP EP04742736A patent/EP1634270A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-14 JP JP2006530356A patent/JP4740860B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-14 TW TW093113683A patent/TWI361916B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-14 KR KR1020057021898A patent/KR101064363B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-14 WO PCT/FR2004/001187 patent/WO2004104980A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-05-14 CN CNB2004800203960A patent/CN100411000C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None |
See also references of EP1634270A2 |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2500429A2 (fr) | 2005-05-31 | 2012-09-19 | Devgen N.V. | ARNi pour le contrôle des insectes et des arachnides |
FR2899712A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-12 | Nemoptic Sa | Perfectionnements aux afficheurs bistables a cristaux liquides nematique |
WO2007116162A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-18 | Nemoptic | Perfectionnements, aux afficheurs bistables a cristaux liquides nematiques |
US8704976B2 (en) | 2007-02-17 | 2014-04-22 | Nemoptic | Liquid crystal display device and control method for a bistable nematic liquid crystal display having two stable textures comprising a uniform or slightly twisted state |
WO2008101969A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-21 | 2008-08-28 | Nemoptic | Dispositif afficheur a cristal liquide comprenant des moyens perfectionnes de commutation |
WO2008101967A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-21 | 2008-08-28 | Nemoptic | Dispositif afficheur a cristal liquide comprenant des moyens perfectionnes de commutation |
FR2924521A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-21 | 2009-06-05 | Nemoptic Sa | Procede de commande d'un afficheur a cristal liquide comprenant une matrice de pixels et afficheur a cristal liquide |
CN101641729B (zh) * | 2007-02-21 | 2013-01-02 | 内莫普蒂公司 | 具有增强转换装置的液晶显示器 |
US8405591B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2013-03-26 | Nemoptic | Liquid crystal display device with improved switching means |
FR2916296A1 (fr) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-21 | Nemoptic Sa | Procede d'adressage d'un ecran matriciel a cristal liquide et dispositif appliquant ce procede. |
US8883037B2 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2014-11-11 | Tetragon Lc Chemie Ag | Chiral compounds, cholesteric and ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions comprising these chiral compounds, and liquid crystal displays comprising these liquid crystal compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1634270A2 (fr) | 2006-03-15 |
FR2854980A1 (fr) | 2004-11-19 |
WO2004104980A3 (fr) | 2005-02-03 |
CN1823366A (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
CN100411000C (zh) | 2008-08-13 |
KR101064363B1 (ko) | 2011-09-14 |
TW200512492A (en) | 2005-04-01 |
KR20060015263A (ko) | 2006-02-16 |
JP2006529030A (ja) | 2006-12-28 |
JP4740860B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 |
US7616180B2 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
TWI361916B (en) | 2012-04-11 |
US20070070001A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
FR2854980B1 (fr) | 2005-07-15 |
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