WO2004104664A1 - Dispositif de polarisation - Google Patents

Dispositif de polarisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004104664A1
WO2004104664A1 PCT/US2004/014228 US2004014228W WO2004104664A1 WO 2004104664 A1 WO2004104664 A1 WO 2004104664A1 US 2004014228 W US2004014228 W US 2004014228W WO 2004104664 A1 WO2004104664 A1 WO 2004104664A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical assembly
polarization
polarization beam
lightwave circuit
optical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/014228
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Edward Gunther
Hiroshi Aoki
Original Assignee
Hoya Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoya Corporation filed Critical Hoya Corporation
Publication of WO2004104664A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004104664A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2726—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means in or on light guides, e.g. polarisation means assembled in a light guide
    • G02B6/274—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means in or on light guides, e.g. polarisation means assembled in a light guide based on light guide birefringence, e.g. due to coupling between light guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
    • G02B6/2773—Polarisation splitting or combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0136—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation
    • G02F1/0144—TE-TM mode separation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/30—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating
    • G02F2201/307—Reflective grating, i.e. Bragg grating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fiber optical communications components and more particularly to a polarization device for minimizing polarization dependent losses.
  • the performance of components for use in fiber optic communications systems must be essentially independent of the polarization state of the incident light in order to avoid variation in device insertion loss or attenuation. This condition is particularly difficult to achieve in any component incorporating an inherently birefringent material, such as a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal material or a nematic liquid crystal material.
  • PBS micro-optic Polarizing Beam Splitter
  • PBC micro-optic Polarizing Beam Combiner
  • One solution to providing polarization diversity for devices based on planar optical waveguides is to use a micro-optic polarization beam splitter to separate unpolarized light into two orthogonally polarized components, and then couple these components from the beam splitter to the waveguide device by means of polarization maintaining fiber.
  • Micro-optical polarization beam splitter/combiner components are available from a number of sources, including Wavesplitter Technologies Inc. (San Jose, CA) and Oplink Communications Inc. (San Jose, CA).
  • Wavesplitter Technologies Inc. San Jose, CA
  • Oplink Communications Inc. San Jose, CA
  • this approach to polarization diversity suffers from poor performance due to the high polarization crosstalk of the available micro-optic polarization splitter components. This high polarization crosstalk is due to the difficulty of aligning the polarization maintaining fiber.
  • the fiber not only must the fiber be spatially aligned to accept the focused beam from the polarization splitter, but also the fiber must be rotationally aligned to match the polarization direction of the incident light.
  • the polarization maintaining fiber will allow some light to convert from one polarization mode to the orthogonal mode, particularly if the fiber is bent or otherwise stressed.
  • planar waveguide polarization splitter such as the one described by R.M. de Ridder et al in "An integrated optical adiabatic TE/TM mode splitter on silicon", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol 4, No. 6, Nov/Dec 1998 pages 930-97.
  • planar waveguide polarization splitters reported in the literature generally require extremely tight manufacturing tolerances and are not suitable for volume production.
  • a first embodiment comprising a PBS assembly, a lens, and a planar waveguide optical circuit.
  • the function of the PBS assembly is to divide a collimated beam, typically from a fiber collimator, into two orthogonally polarized collimated beams directed at slightly different angles.
  • the PBS assembly is comprised of two birefringent wedges disposed in the form of a Wollaston prism.
  • the lens focuses the two orthogonally polarized beams into two distinct spots located in substantially the same focal plane. The two focused spots are then coupled directly into the ends of two optical waveguides used to propagate the two polarization states within the planar waveguide circuit.
  • the same basic components are configured in reverse to provide a PBC device.
  • the birefringent wedges again form a modified Wollaston prism.
  • a collimating lens collimates light from a first source point having a first polarization and a second source point having a second polarization, the source points lying within the focal plane of the collimating lens.
  • the source points are provided at the output face of a planar lightwave circuit. The output face coincides with the focal plane of the collimation lens.
  • the birefringent wedges then combine the two orthogonally polarized collimated beams into an output-collimated beam.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a Polarizing Beam Splitter (PBS) assembly.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a waveguide polarization diversity device.
  • FIG. 3 is a table giving the specifications of a representative PBS assembly.
  • PBS Polarizing Beam Splitter
  • FIG.1 A perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.1 in which a Polarizing Beam Splitter assembly contained in a housing 1 is comprised of a fiber collimator 2, a PBC assembly comprised of two birefringent wedges 3a and 3b and a lens 4. An input beam is provided by an optical fiber 5.
  • the housing 1 is shown as rectangular, but more commonly would be cylindrical.
  • the two birefringent wedges are cemented along their hypotenuse faces to form a Wollaston prism.
  • the function of the Wollaston prism can be illustrated by example. Assume that the extraordinary (i.e. high refractive index) axis of wedge 3a is orientated in the vertical direction, and the extraordinary axis of wedge 3b is oriented in the horizontal direction. Thus vertically polarized light passing from wedge 3a into wedge 3b experiences a reduction in refractive index, while horizontally polarized light passing from wedge 3a into wedge 3b experiences an increase in refractive index. Thus the two orthogonally polarized components will refract in opposite directions at the slanted interface. In this manner the pair of birefringent wedges function to divide the input beam from the fiber collimator into vertically polarized and horizontally polarized collimated beams directed at slightly different angles.
  • the lens 4 focuses the vertically polarized and horizontally polarized beams into two distinct spots 6a and 6b, said spots being located in substantially the same focal plane and separated by a precise distance.
  • a conventional polarizing beam splitter/combiner can be formed by positioning the ends of two precisely aligned polarization maintaining fibers such that the cores of the fibers receive the two focused spots of light 6a and 6b. All of the components shown in FIG.1 are commercially available from sources such as Koncent Communication Inc. (China) and JDSU Casix Inc. (China).
  • FIG.2 shows an optical schematic of an embodiment of the invention in which the two focused spots from the polarization beam splitter are directly coupled into a planar lightwave circuit.
  • the basic components previously shown in FIG.1 are operated in reverse to provide a Polarization Beam Combiner (PBC).
  • PBC Polarization Beam Combiner
  • the optical path from input to output is comprised of the following elements: a) An input fiber 50; b) An input Polarizing Beam Splitter (PBS) assembly 10 that divides the input from a single mode fiber into two focused beams of orthogonal polarization; c) A planar lightwave circuit 70 including a first optical path for the vertically polarized beam generated by the PBS a second optical path for the horizontally polarized; d) An output Polarizing Beam Combiner (PBC) assembly 11 that accepts the outputs from the waveguide device and combines the orthogonally polarized beams into a single mode fiber; ' e) An output fiber 60.
  • PBS Polarizing Beam Splitter
  • PBC Polarizing Beam Combiner
  • the input PBS assembly 10 is comprised of a fiber collimator 20, a first Wollaston prism assembly, comprising two birefringent wedges 30a and 30b, and a lens 40 that focuses the vertically-polarized and horizontally-polarized beams into two distinct spots located in essentially the same focal plane and separated by a precise distance.
  • the Wollaston prism assembly divides the beam from the fiber collimator into vertically polarized and horizontally polarized collimated beams directed at slightly different angles.
  • the components of the input PBS assembly would normally be pre-assembled and aligned in a housing.
  • the output PBS assembly 11 is comprised of a fiber collimator 21 , a first Wollaston prism, comprising two birefringent wedges 31a and 31b and a lens 41.
  • the construction of the output PBS assembly and in particular the fiber collimator focusing lens and prism pair is similar to that of the input PBS assembly. However, the components now operate in reverse fashion such that the two beams emerging from the planar lightwave circuit are collimated by the lens 41 , combined by the Wollaston prism assembly 31a, 31b and then focused to a focal point by the collimator lens 21.
  • the disposition of the optical waveguides on the planar lightwave circuit must be such that the spacing between the ends of the waveguides is essentially the same as the spacing between the two focused spots formed by the polarizing beam splitter.
  • the diameter of the focused spots must be essential the same as the mode field diameter of the optical waveguides.
  • focal lengths of the collimator 20 and focusing lens 40 within the polarizing beam splitter assembly 10 do not have to be the same.
  • the mode field diameter of the input optical fiber can be converted to the mode field diameter of the planar optical waveguide by choosing the proper ratio for the focal lengths of the collimator and focusing lens.
  • all of the optical components would be mounted in a hermetically sealed package, with the input and output fibers and the electrical connections to the waveguide device and connections for a thermoelectric cooler and temperature sensor penetrating the package.
  • the invention offers numerous advantages. Since the invention requires fewer components and precision alignment steps, the cost will be lower. Second, the insertion loss of the invention will be lower due to fewer interfaces (each of which introduces some loss from reflections and alignment errors). Third, since the invention does not employ polarization-maintaining fibers, the polarization purity of the light launched into the planar lightwave circuit will be much higher.
  • FIG.3 shows a table giving the specifications of one particular practical embodiment of the invention that was fabricated for experimental evaluation.
  • the invention has been described in relation to what are presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed arrangements but rather is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent constructions include within the spirit and scope of the invention.
  • the invention may be used with other types of birefringent prisms such as beam-splitting Glans Thompson prisms or beam displacing prisms.
  • the invention may also be used with thin film polarizing beam splitter devices.
  • the invention may be used to provide the functions of PBC and PBS in more complex optical circuits.
  • the invention could be applied to Dynamic Gain Equalizers (DGEs) and other waveguide components based on Electrically Switchable Bragg Grating (ESBG) devices and Silicon Oxynitride (SiON) planar waveguide circuits.
  • DGEs Dynamic Gain Equalizers
  • ESBG Electrically Switchable Bragg Grating
  • SiON Silicon Oxynitride
  • the invention could be applied in the devices disclosed in US Provisional Patent Application 60/309,738 entitled “Electro-Optical Device with Parallel Sections for Orthogonal Polarization Modes” filed August 1 ,2001 and US Patent Application No. 10/378,310 entitled “Planar Lightwave Filter Device” filed March 3, 2003.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de polarisation permettant de mettre en oeuvre des schémas de diversité de polarisation dans des circuits optiques de guides d'ondes planaires. Un ensemble de diviseur de faisceau de polarisation comprend deux faisceaux biréfringents et une lentille de focalisation. De manière avantageuse, les faisceaux biréfringents forment un prisme de Wollaston modifié. Cet ensemble de diviseur de faisceau de polarisation permet de diviser un faisceau d'entrée collimaté provenant du collimateur de fibre en faisceaux collimatés polarisés horizontalement et verticalement à des angles légèrement différents. Ladite lentille de focalisation permet de focaliser les faisceaux polarisés horizontalement et verticalement dans deux points distincts situés pratiquement dans le même plan focal. Les deux points focalisés sont ensuite couplés directement dans les extrémités des deux guides d'ondes optiques utilisés pour propager les deux états de polarisation au sein d'un circuit de guides d'ondes planaire. Un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention a trait à un dispositif mélangeur de faisceaux de polarisation doté d'une lentille collimatrice et de deux faisceaux biréfringents. De façon avantageuse, lesdits faisceaux biréfringents forment un prisme de Wollaston modifié. La lentille collimatrice permet de collimater la lumière provenant d'un premier point de source à première polarisation et d'un second point de source à seconde polarisation, lesdits points de source reposant au sein du plan focal de la lentille collimatrice. Lesdits points de source se trouvent sur la surface de sortie d'un circuit planaire d'onde lumineuse de diversité de polarisation, la face de sortie coïncidant avec le plan focal de la lentille collimatrice. Les faisceaux biréfringents peuvent alors combiner les deux faisceaux collimatés polarisés orthogonalement dans un faisceau collimaté de sortie. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, les ensembles de diviseur de faisceau de polarisation et de mélangeur de faisceaux de polarisation susmentionnés sont combinés dans un dispositif de guide d'ondes de diversité de polarisation à deux canaux.
PCT/US2004/014228 2003-05-16 2004-05-05 Dispositif de polarisation WO2004104664A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47107903P 2003-05-16 2003-05-16
US60/471,079 2003-05-16

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015165404A1 (fr) * 2014-05-02 2015-11-05 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Coupleur pbs/pbc compact à réseau externe
US9335556B2 (en) 2014-09-04 2016-05-10 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Variable focal backlighting
WO2016206537A1 (fr) * 2015-06-25 2016-12-29 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Couplage optique au moyen d'un dispositif de déplacement de faisceau de polarisation
CN106461197A (zh) * 2014-06-20 2017-02-22 格罗特工业有限公司 具有可见光发射二极管和红外光发射二极管的柔性照明设备

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1152265A2 (fr) * 2000-05-05 2001-11-07 JDS Uniphase Inc. Filtres optiques sans dispersion
EP1176451A2 (fr) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-30 JDS Uniphase Inc. Elément isolé séparateur ou combineur de polarisation
US6404542B1 (en) * 2000-07-10 2002-06-11 Sdl, Inc. Multiple emitter semiconductor laser pump source for scaling of pump power and generation of unpolarized light for light signal amplification
WO2003012506A2 (fr) * 2001-08-01 2003-02-13 Digilens, Inc. Dispositif electro-optique dote de sections paralleles pour modes de polarisation orthogonaux
US6522796B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2003-02-18 Jds Uniphase Corporation Depolarizing polarization mode combiner

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1152265A2 (fr) * 2000-05-05 2001-11-07 JDS Uniphase Inc. Filtres optiques sans dispersion
US6404542B1 (en) * 2000-07-10 2002-06-11 Sdl, Inc. Multiple emitter semiconductor laser pump source for scaling of pump power and generation of unpolarized light for light signal amplification
EP1176451A2 (fr) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-30 JDS Uniphase Inc. Elément isolé séparateur ou combineur de polarisation
US6522796B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2003-02-18 Jds Uniphase Corporation Depolarizing polarization mode combiner
WO2003012506A2 (fr) * 2001-08-01 2003-02-13 Digilens, Inc. Dispositif electro-optique dote de sections paralleles pour modes de polarisation orthogonaux

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015165404A1 (fr) * 2014-05-02 2015-11-05 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Coupleur pbs/pbc compact à réseau externe
CN106461875A (zh) * 2014-05-02 2017-02-22 华为技术有限公司 紧凑型外部光栅pbs/pbc耦合器
US10151865B2 (en) 2014-05-02 2018-12-11 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Compact external grating PBS/PBC coupler
CN106461875B (zh) * 2014-05-02 2019-02-01 华为技术有限公司 紧凑型外部光栅pbs/pbc耦合器
CN106461197A (zh) * 2014-06-20 2017-02-22 格罗特工业有限公司 具有可见光发射二极管和红外光发射二极管的柔性照明设备
US9335556B2 (en) 2014-09-04 2016-05-10 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Variable focal backlighting
US10012844B2 (en) 2014-09-04 2018-07-03 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Variable focal backlighting
WO2016206537A1 (fr) * 2015-06-25 2016-12-29 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Couplage optique au moyen d'un dispositif de déplacement de faisceau de polarisation
US9927575B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-03-27 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Optical coupling using polarization beam displacer

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