WO2004097366A2 - 蛋白質結晶検出方法および蛋白質結晶検出装置ならびに蛋白質結晶検出プログラム - Google Patents
蛋白質結晶検出方法および蛋白質結晶検出装置ならびに蛋白質結晶検出プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004097366A2 WO2004097366A2 PCT/JP2004/006160 JP2004006160W WO2004097366A2 WO 2004097366 A2 WO2004097366 A2 WO 2004097366A2 JP 2004006160 W JP2004006160 W JP 2004006160W WO 2004097366 A2 WO2004097366 A2 WO 2004097366A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/54—Organic compounds
- C30B29/58—Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
Definitions
- Protein crystal detection method Protein crystal detection device, and protein crystal detection program
- the present invention relates to a protein crystal detection method, a protein crystal detection device, and a protein crystal detection program for detecting a protein crystal in a protein solution held in a crystallization container.
- a crystallization vessel such as a crystallization microplate containing a protein solution and a crystallization solution is stored in a thermostatic chamber set to a specific temperature, and the presence or absence of crystallization and the degree of progress are determined over time. This was done by observation. Conventionally, the observation work for protein crystal detection relies exclusively on humans, and the tester removes the crystallization vessel from the constant temperature chamber and visually observes the protein solution within the visual field of the microscope. He was working to digitize and record the progress. Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a protein crystal detection method, a protein crystal detection device, and a protein crystal detection program which can be performed.
- a protein crystal detection method of the present invention for detecting a protein crystal includes a luminance change information indicating a magnitude of a luminance change by differentiating an observation image obtained by observing a protein solution.
- a differential processing step of generating a differential image composed of: a binary value obtained by binarizing the differential image with a threshold for extracting a characteristic portion, thereby leaving a portion of the luminance change information indicating a large luminance change as a characteristic portion
- a protein crystal detection device of the present invention for detecting a protein crystal comprises: an observation image storage unit for storing an observation image obtained by observing a protein solution; A differential processing section for generating a differential image composed of luminance change information indicating the magnitude of the luminance change by differentiating the observed image of the section, and a differential section for extracting the differential image generated by the differential processing section for extracting a characteristic section.
- a binarization processing unit that obtains a binarized image in which luminance change information indicating a large luminance change among the luminance change information is left as a characteristic portion by binarizing with a threshold value;
- a binarized image storage unit for storing the obtained binarized image; and determining at least one of the presence or absence of protein crystals and the progress of crystallization from the characteristic portion of the binarized image in the binarized image storage unit.
- a protein crystal detection program of the present invention which causes a computer to execute a process of detecting a protein crystal generated in a protein solution, comprises: The magnitude of the luminance change is indicated by differentiating the observed image obtained by observation.
- the detection of protein crystals can be automated and can be performed efficiently and with high reliability.
- the protein crystal detection method of the present invention can be used for, for example, a screening method for protein crystallization conditions by a vapor diffusion method or the like.
- the protein crystal detection device of the present invention can be used for, for example, a protein crystallization condition by a vapor diffusion method or the like. It can be used for screening devices and protein crystal manufacturing devices.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a protein crystal detection device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a crystallization plate used in the protein crystal detection device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 3 and 5 are partial cross-sectional views of a crystallization plate used in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an observation unit of the protein crystal detection device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system of the protein crystal detection device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram showing a processing mechanism of the protein crystal detection device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 9A and 9B are partial cross-sectional views of a crystallization plate used in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing an observed image in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing a differential image in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a differential image (mask processing) in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a thinned image in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing a differential image (noise removal) in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a binarized image in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B are explanatory diagrams of the noise recognition processing in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a noise recognition process in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B are explanatory diagrams of a recognition process in the protein crystal detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the method for detecting a protein crystal of the present invention further comprises: information on luminance change derived from the crystallization container holding the protein solution to be crystallized; It is preferable to include a container noise removing step of removing at least one from at least one of the differential image and the binarized image.
- the container noise removing step at least one of luminance change information and a characteristic portion of a predetermined region is removed based on information taught in advance.
- the protein crystal detection method of the present invention further comprises a thinned image generating step of obtaining a thinned image composed of a plurality of lines by binarizing the differential image with a noise extraction threshold and then performing a thinning process.
- a noise recognition step of individually recognizing the shapes of a plurality of lines included in the thinned image to detect a line regarded as noise; and a line corresponding to a line detected as noise in the noise recognition step. It is preferable to include a noise removing step of removing at least one of the luminance change information and the characteristic portion from at least one of the differential image and the binarized image.
- a line length and the number of branches are obtained, and a line whose length exceeds a predetermined value and whose number of branches is smaller than a predetermined value is regarded as noise. It preferably includes a step.
- the line length and linearity are recognized, and a line whose length exceeds a predetermined value and whose linearity is higher than a predetermined value is regarded as noise. It is preferable to include a process that considers.
- the noise recognition step a length of a line and a degree of dispersion of the line with respect to an approximate straight line are obtained, and the length exceeds a predetermined value and the degree of dispersion is a predetermined value. It is preferable to include the step of regarding smaller lines as noise.
- the method for detecting protein crystals of the present invention further comprises the steps of: An observation step of capturing an image of the white matter solution with a camera; and a storage step of storing an observation image captured by the camera in an observation image storage unit, wherein the differentiation processing step is stored in the observation image storage unit. It is preferable to do this for images.
- the method for detecting protein crystals of the present invention can be used as a method for detecting generated protein crystals in a screening method for protein crystallization conditions.
- the screening method is not particularly limited except for using the detection method of the present invention, and a conventionally known technique can be used.
- the protein crystal detection device of the present invention further comprises: at least one of the luminance change information and the characteristic portion derived from the crystallization container holding the protein solution; It is preferable to include a container noise removing unit for removing from at least one of the binarized images in the digitized image storage unit.
- the protein crystal detection device of the present invention further includes a mask information storage unit for storing mask information, and the container noise removing unit stores at least one of the luminance change information and the characteristic portion based on the mask information. It is preferable to remove at least one of the differential image in the differential image storage unit and the binary image in the binary image storage unit.
- the protein crystal detection device of the present invention further includes: a thinned image generating unit that obtains a thinned image including a plurality of lines by performing a thinning process after binarizing the differential image with a threshold for noise extraction; A thinned image storage unit that stores the thinned image generated by the thinned image generation unit, and noise by individually recognizing the shapes of a plurality of lines included in the thinned image in the thinned image storage unit.
- a noise recognition processing unit that detects a line regarded as a noise, and at least one of a differential image of the differential image storage unit and a binary image of the binary image storage unit
- the apparatus further comprises a noise removal processing section for removing at least one of the luminance change information and the characteristic portion corresponding to the line detected as noise by the noise detection processing section.
- the noise recognition processing unit obtains a length of a line and a number of branches, and determines a line whose length exceeds a predetermined value and whose number of branches is less than a predetermined value as noise. It is preferable to consider it.
- the noise recognition processing unit recognizes the length and linearity of the line, and generates a line whose length exceeds a predetermined value and whose linearity is higher than a predetermined value.
- the noise recognition processing unit obtains a length of the line and a degree of dispersion of the line with respect to an approximate straight line, and the length exceeds a predetermined value and the degree of dispersion is a predetermined value.
- smaller lines are considered noise.
- the protein crystal detection device of the present invention further includes: an observation stage on which a crystallization container holding the protein solution to be crystallized is set; and an image obtained by imaging the protein solution in the crystallization container set on the observation stage.
- a camera for capturing an image is provided, and an image of the protein solution captured by the camera is stored in the observation image storage unit.
- the protein crystal detection device of the present invention can be used for detecting protein crystals generated in a protein crystallization condition screening device ( further, the protein crystal detection device of the present invention can be used for the production of protein crystals).
- the screening device and the crystal production device can be used for monitoring and detecting protein crystals in the device, except that the screening device and the crystal production device are not limited to those using the detection device of the present invention.
- the protein crystal detection program of the present invention provides the following: A container for removing at least one of the luminance change information and the characteristic portion derived from the crystallization container holding the protein solution to be crystallized from at least one of the differential image and the binarized image; It is preferable to include a noise removing step.
- the noise removing step removes at least one of luminance change information and a characteristic portion of a predetermined region based on information taught in advance.
- the processing for detecting the protein crystal may further include: a thinning image including a plurality of lines by binarizing the differential image with a threshold for noise extraction and then performing a thinning processing.
- the noise recognition step the length of a line and the number of branches are obtained, and the length exceeds a predetermined value and the number of branches is determined in advance. It is preferable to regard lines having less than the calculated value as noise.
- the noise recognition step recognizes a line length and linearity, and regards a line whose length exceeds a predetermined value and whose linearity is higher than a predetermined value as noise. It is preferable to consider it.
- the length of the line and the degree of dispersion of the line with respect to the approximate straight line are obtained, and the length exceeds a predetermined value and the degree of dispersion is a predetermined value.
- smaller lines are considered noise.
- the protein crystal detection program according to the present invention comprises: The observation step of observing the protein solution held in the crystallization container and taking an observation image with a camera; and the storage step of storing the observation image taken with the force camera in an observation image storage unit.
- the differential processing step is preferably performed on an image stored in the observation image storage unit.
- the protein crystal detection device 1 is a dedicated observation device used for observation for detecting a protein crystal generated in a protein solution by, for example, a vapor diffusion method.
- an observation unit 3 a display device 8, and a keyboard 9 for operation input are arranged on a base 2.
- the observation unit 3 has a configuration in which an observation stage 4 is mounted on a frame 3 a in a horizontal posture, and a camera 7 is arranged above the observation stage 4.
- a microplate 6 for crystallization (hereinafter simply referred to as “crystallization plate 6”) is set.
- the crystallization plate 6 is a crystallization vessel used to crystallize the protein in the protein solution.
- the crystallization plate 6 moves in the X, ,, and Z directions.
- FIGS An example of the crystallization plate 6 will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, the crystallization plate 6 has a plurality of wells 6a formed in a lattice.
- the well 6a is a so-called caldera-like liquid storage recess in which a cylindrical liquid holding portion 6b is provided at the center of the circular recess, and the inside of the well 6a is to be crystallized.
- a sample that is, a protein solution 13 containing a protein to be crystallized, and a crystallization solution 12 used for crystallization are dispensed.
- the size of the crystallization plate 6 is not particularly limited. For example, standardized sizes can be used. Examples of the standard include the SBS standard and the like.
- the size of the well 6a is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 mm to 20 mm in diameter, and the size of the liquid holding part 6b is not particularly limited. For example, the well 6a It is half the size of the diameter.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a cross section of one well 6a containing these samples.
- a droplet-like protein solution 13 is placed and held in a pocket provided at the top of the liquid holding section 6b, and a ring-shaped liquid solution surrounding the liquid holding section 6b.
- the crystallization solution 12 is stored in the section 6c.
- the well 6a is a liquid storage section having a liquid holding section 6b for holding the protein solution to be crystallized from below in a mounted state and a liquid storage section 6c for storing the crystallization solution 12. ing.
- a predetermined amount of the crystallization solution 12 is taken out of the storage unit 6c and mixed with the protein solution 13 held in the liquid holding unit 6b.
- a sealing seal 14 is attached to the upper surface of each well 6a (for example, see FIG. 2).
- the solvent component in the protein solution 13 is evaporated, thereby increasing the protein concentration of the protein solution 13 to a supersaturated state, and Generate At this time, the solvent evaporating from the protein solution 13 and the vapor absorbed in the crystallization solution 12 keep the equilibrium state, and the evaporation of the solvent from the protein solution 13 progresses slowly. Crystal formation is performed.
- the observation unit 3 in FIG. 1 observes the crystallization plate 6 in such a crystal formation process to detect the presence or absence of the protein crystal and the degree of crystallization in each well 6a. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, the crystallization plate 6 set on the observation stage 4 is moved below the camera 7, and the liquid holding part 6 b in the observation target well 6 a is imaged by the camera 7. Align to axis I do. Then, an image of the crystallization plate 6 is captured by the camera 7 while the illumination light is radiated from the lower illumination device 5, whereby an observation image of the protein solution held on the crystallization plate 6 is captured (for example, FIG. 1). 0).
- FIG. 2 and 3 show an example of the crystallization plate 6 used in the vapor diffusion method using the sitting drop method in which the protein solution 13 is supported from below in the crystallization process.
- a jewel-shaped crystallization plate 60 as shown in FIG. 5 may be used.
- the crystallization plate 60 is used in a hanging-top method in which droplets of the protein solution 13 are held in a hanging state.
- the well 6 OA has only a liquid storage part for storing the crystallization solution 12 and no liquid holding part is formed, and a droplet of the protein solution 13 to be crystallized (a predetermined amount)
- the crystallization solution 12 is mixed with the crystallization solution 12) and is held in a hanging state on the back surface of the glass plate 14A closing the well 60a. That is, the glass plate 14 A on which the protein solution 13 is dropped is inverted, and the crystallization solution 12 is adhered so as to cover the well 60 A into which the dispense solution 12 has been dispensed, thereby sealing the well 6 OA.
- a processing unit 20 executes various processing programs stored in a program storage unit 22 based on various data stored in a data storage unit 21 to execute various operations and processing functions described below. Is realized.
- a crystal detection program 22 a and an observation operation program 22 b are stored in the program storage section 22. By executing these programs, the observation operation of the protein solution and the protein A process for detecting protein crystals in the solution is performed.
- the data storage unit 21 includes a processed image storage unit 21a, an observation image storage unit 21b, The crystallization information storage unit 21c is provided.
- the processed image storage unit 21a stores the processed image after various processes are performed in the protein crystal detection process.
- the observation image of the protein solution 13 captured by the camera 7 is stored (for example, see FIG. 10).
- the observation image stored in the observation image storage unit 2 lb is a processing target.
- the crystallization information storage unit 21c stores the crystallization information, that is, the image data of the observation image in which crystallization was detected in the protein crystal detection process, the information specifying the plate / well from which the observation image was obtained, and the plate Information such as the observation time at which the is observed is stored. Further, a display processing unit 23, an operation / input processing unit 24, a camera 7, a lighting device 5, and an observation stage 4 are connected to the processing unit 20.
- the processing unit 20 controls the observation stage 4, the illumination device 5, and the camera 7, so that the crystallization plate 6 held on the observation stage 4 is moved and the crystallization plate by the illumination device 5 is moved.
- Illumination 6 and camera 7 capture an image of the protein solution.
- the display processing unit 23 displays an observation image captured by the camera 7 and various processed images, and also performs a process of displaying a draft image at the time of data input on the display 8. Operation ⁇
- the input processing unit 24 inputs an operation command and data to the processing unit 20 by operating an input device such as the keyboard 9.
- a differentiation processing unit 30 performs differentiation processing on the observation image (for example, see FIG.
- the luminance change information indicates a numerical value (a luminance change value) of a luminance change rate of each pixel constituting the observation image.
- the change in luminance is small in a region where the observation target does not exist, such as a background region or a portion through which illumination light is transmitted, and the change in luminance is large in a portion corresponding to the contour of the protein crystal to be detected. Therefore, in the above-described differential image, the contour of the observation object captured in the image is extracted as a portion having a large luminance change.
- the differential image storage unit 31 in FIG. 7 stores the differential image generated by the differential processing unit 30.
- the binarization processing unit 32 binarizes the differential image in the differential image storage unit 31 with a threshold value for extracting a special part, so that luminance change information indicating a large luminance change among the luminance change information is a characteristic part. ( Figure 15). Then, the binarized image storage unit 33 stores the binarized image obtained by the binarization processing unit 32. The crystallization determination unit 34 determines the presence or absence of a protein crystal from the characteristic portion of the binarized image stored in the binarized image storage unit 33. The method of setting the threshold value for extracting the characteristic portion is not particularly limited. And the like.
- the mask information storage unit 36 stores the mask information, that is, the shape of the crystallization plate 6, which is a crystallization container that holds the protein solution in the observation image (the shape of the liquid holding unit 6b, for example, see FIGS. 2 and 3).
- the mask processing unit 35 performs a mask process for removing container noise from the differential image based on the mask information stored in the mask information storage unit 36. As a result, a differential image from which the container noise has been removed can be obtained (for example, see Fig. 12).
- the noise removal processing performed here is for noise that cannot be removed by the mask processing described above, for example, noise that cannot be taught in advance, such as the outline of a droplet of a protein solution that appears in the pocket at the top of the liquid holding unit 6b. It was done. Therefore, here, the noise recognition processing unit 38 recognizes which part is noise from the information in the differential image, and the noise removal processing unit 37 performs noise removal in the differential image based on the noise recognition result. Do. As a result, a differential image from which noise has been removed can be obtained (for example, see Fig. 14).
- the binarization processing unit 39 the differential image stored in the differential image storage unit 31 is binarized using a threshold for noise extraction. Then, the thinning processing section 40 thins the binarized image that has been subjected to the binarization processing. That is, each line element in the binarized image is replaced with a thin line having a width of one pixel. As a result, a thinned image composed of a plurality of thinned lines in a range indicating a portion where the luminance change is large in the differential image is generated (for example, see FIG. 13).
- the method of setting the threshold value for noise extraction is not particularly limited.
- the luminance change information of the protein crystal to be detected and the information other than the crystal may be used. And a method of appropriately setting the value to a value that can be distinguished from the luminance change information of the precipitates, droplets, and the like.
- the binarization processing unit 39 and the thinning processing unit 40 perform thinning processing after binarizing the differential image with a threshold for noise extraction to obtain a thinned image composed of a plurality of lines.
- An image generation unit is configured.
- the thinned image storage unit 41 stores the thinned image generated by the thinned image generation unit.
- the noise recognition processing unit 38 detects a line regarded as noise
- a plurality of algorithms are used as described later. That is, the first algorithm that determines the length of a line and the number of branches, and that regards a line whose length exceeds a predetermined value and has a small number of branches as noise, recognizes the length and linearity of the line, and sets the length to a predetermined value.
- the second algorithm that regards lines that exceed The rhythm, the length of the line, and the degree of dispersion of the line with respect to the approximate straight line are obtained. Use them properly or use them together.
- the container noise elimination processing by the mask processing unit 35 and the noise elimination processing by the noise elimination processing unit 37 show an example in which the differential image stored in the differential image storage unit 31 is executed as a processing target.
- the binarized image stored in the binarized image storage unit 33 is subjected to container noise removal processing by the mask processing unit 35 and noise removal processing by the noise removal processing unit 37. May be.
- a protein crystal detection method will be described.
- the observation operation is executed by the processing unit 20 of FIG. 6 executing the observation operation program 22b. That is, an image of the protein solution 13 held in the liquid holding portion 6b of each well 6a of the crystallization plate 6 is captured by the camera 7 (observation process), and the captured image is stored in the observation image storage portion 21b.
- the observation image to be processed is stored in the observation image storage unit 21b.
- the change with time of the protein solution 13 to be observed will be described with reference to FIG.
- Fig. 9A shows an example of a cross section of the liquid holding part 6b at the beginning of crystallization generation.At this stage, the droplet of the protein solution 13 almost fills the pocket of the liquid holding part 6b. No protein crystals can be seen inside the droplet.
- FIG. 9B shows an example of a cross section of the liquid holding portion 6b in a state where crystallization has progressed to some extent.
- the outline of the droplet (indicated by the arrow B) decreases as the droplet shrinks in the pocket of the liquid holding portion 6b. It has moved to the inside of the pocket.
- a protein crystal 13a in which the protein contained in the droplet has crystallized remains. Furthermore, crystallization proceeds inside the droplet, and protein crystal 13a is generated.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of an observation image in the state shown in FIG. 9B.
- a low-brightness background image (indicated by a densely hatched portion) has an annular portion A (indicated by a sparsely-elongated portion) indicating the top of the liquid holding portion 6b. ) Appear at relatively high brightness.
- a droplet of the protein solution 13 appears as an image whose luminance varies depending on the portion.
- the portion where no droplet is present inside the annular portion A becomes a high-brightness portion due to the transmission of illumination light (see FIG. 9B) from below, and the outline of the droplet of the protein solution 13 is formed.
- B clearly appears in the observed image due to the contrast with the high brightness part.
- a partially linear high brightness portion C appears along the inner periphery of the annular portion A.
- the protein crystal 13a to be detected exists in the region inside the circular portion A. That is, of the protein crystals 13 a existing inside the droplet of the protein solution 13, the protein crystals 13 a existing near the focus level f of the camera 7 (see FIG. 9B) are shown in FIG. In the observation image of 10, the degree of focus is high and clearly appears, and the protein crystal 13a located at a position outside the focus level f is the degree of focus. Appear with low and blurry contours. Similarly, protein crystals 13a outside the liquid droplets remaining on the surface of the pocket also appear with a low focus degree and a blurred outline. In addition, solid foreign substances such as precipitates that did not lead to crystallization exist in the observed image.
- the processing unit 20 executes the crystal detection program 22a stored in the program storage unit 22 in FIG. It performs crystal detection processing to automatically identify protein crystals.
- a differentiation process is performed on the observed image (ST 1). That is, a differential image composed of luminance change information indicating the magnitude of the luminance change is generated by differentiating the observation image of the protein solution stored in the observation image storage unit 21b in advance (differential processing step).
- the shape line indicating the outer shape of the protein crystal 13a appearing in the observation image of Fig. 10 the outline B of the droplet, and the inner circumference of the annular portion A
- High-brightness areas such as the high-brightness area C, appear with high brightness.
- the differential image is a multi-valued image in which each pixel originally appears with a brightness corresponding to the luminance change value, but is shown in FIG. 11 as a black and white binary image for convenience of illustration.
- the luminance change information derived from the liquid holding part 6b of the crystallization plate 6 holding the protein solution 13 is removed from the differential image (vessel noise removing step).
- the protein solution 13 is held based on mask information previously taught as the shape of the liquid holding portion 6b of the crystallization plate 6. This is performed by removing the luminance change information of the predetermined region that is unlikely to be present.
- the luminance change information in the differential image shown in FIG. 11 exists outside the range in which the protein solution 13 is held.
- the part where the change in luminance is large that is, the part that includes the inner peripheral part of the annular part A shown in FIG.
- a differential image (mask processing) including only a region where the protein crystal may exist may be obtained.
- the differential image subjected to the mask processing in this way is binarized by using a threshold for noise extraction, and further thinned (ST 3).
- Figure 13 shows the thinned image obtained by this thinning process.
- the high-brightness part in the differential image that is, the shape line of the protein crystal 13a and the outline of the droplet are all wide. Has been replaced by a one-pixel line.
- noise extraction is performed based on the thinned image thus created. That is, the noise contained in the thinned image is recognized (ST4).
- multiple lines in the thinned image are labeled as a unit, and among the individual labels, if the length of the line exceeds the predetermined value, it is determined whether or not the label corresponds to noise by the algorithm described below. To recognize. In this case, since the labeling is performed on the thinned image, the label area itself indicates the length of the line in each label.
- Figures 16A and 16B illustrate this first algorithm for noise recognition.
- a branch point at which the line constituting the label branches is determined, and based on the obtained number of branch points, It is determined whether it is noise.
- the length of the line n is equal to or longer than a predetermined value, but is not regarded as noise because the number of branch points P is large.
- the length of the line n is equal to or more than the predetermined value, and there is only one branch point P, and the determination value for determining that “the number of branches is small” is Since it does not exceed it, it is regarded as noise. That is, in the first algorithm example, in the noise recognition step, the length of the line and the number of branches are obtained, and a line whose length exceeds a predetermined value and whose number of branches is small is regarded as noise.
- FIG. 17 shows the second algorithm.
- a label whose line length exceeds a predetermined value it is determined whether or not the label is a noise by determining the linearity of the line constituting the label. For example, at label L3 shown in Fig. 17, a search is made for the line n that constitutes the label, and the line n starting the search from the search starting point PS is within the range of the search allowable width V defined at the search end point PE.
- this line n is determined to be noise. That is, in the example of the second algorithm, in the noise recognition step, the length and linearity of the line are recognized, and a line having a length exceeding a predetermined value and having high linearity is regarded as noise.
- FIG. 18 shows a third algorithm.
- an approximate straight line AN that approximates the entire plurality of lines n forming the label is obtained.
- the degree of dispersion of the line n with respect to the approximate straight line AN is obtained.
- multiple lines n The degree of dispersion is large because it is in a comprehensive state, and is not regarded as noise.
- the line n is substantially along the approximate line A N and the degree of dispersion with respect to the approximate line A N is small, so that it is regarded as noise. That is, in the example of the third algorithm, in the noise recognition step, the length of the line and the degree of dispersion of the line with respect to the approximate straight line are obtained, and a line whose length exceeds a predetermined value and whose degree of dispersion is small is regarded as noise. I have to.
- the setting method of each parameter in such a noise recognition method is not particularly limited. For example, using a previously prepared noise and a crystal image sample, the value is appropriately set to a value for detecting the noise to be removed. Method and the like. '
- noise removal processing is performed to remove the line detected as noise from the binarized differential image (ST 5). That is, in (ST 3), (ST 4), and (ST 5), the differentiated image is binarized by a threshold value for noise extraction and then thinned to obtain a thinned image composed of a plurality of lines. (Thinned image generation step). Then, by individually recognizing the shapes of a plurality of lines included in the generated thinned image, a line regarded as noise is detected (noise recognition step), and a line detected as noise is detected in the noise recognition step. The corresponding luminance change information is removed from the differential image (noise removal step).
- Figure 14 shows the differential image (noise removed) from which noise has been removed in this way.
- the differential image (noise removal) is binarized using a threshold for feature extraction (ST6). That is, by binarizing the differential image with a threshold for extracting a characteristic portion, a binary image in which luminance change information indicating a large luminance change is left as a characteristic portion is obtained (a binarization processing step).
- the threshold used here is It is set to a value higher than the threshold for extracting noises.
- FIG. 15 shows a binarized image obtained in this manner. In this image, only a characteristic portion likely to be a protein crystal appears. Then, it is stored in the obtained binarized image storage unit 33.
- the container noise removing step and the noise removing step may be performed on the binarized image stored in the binarized image storage unit 33.
- the feature portions left in the binarized image those corresponding to the lines detected as being regarded as noise are removed from the binarized image.
- crystallization determination is performed on the obtained binarized image (ST7). For example, if there are few features in the binarized image, it is judged that there is no possibility of crystallization or crystallization, and if there are many features, there is a possibility of crystallization or crystallization.
- the number of characteristic parts is determined by comparing the total area corresponding to the characteristic parts with a predetermined value.
- the predetermined value is not particularly limited, but can be appropriately set using, for example, an area corresponding to a characteristic portion calculated using a crystal sample, an image sample, or the like prepared in advance. That is, here, at least one of the presence or absence of the protein crystal and the progress of the protein crystallization is determined from the characteristic portion of the binarized image (crystallization determination step).
- crystallization plate information, level information, and observation indicate the crystallization plate 6 from which the observation image targeted in the processing was obtained. Crystallization information such as images and observation times The information is stored in the crystallization information storage unit 21c (ST9), and the protein detection processing for the observed image is terminated.
- a portion corresponding to the contour of the protein crystal to be detected is first extracted as a portion having a large luminance change by differentiating the image of the protein solution.
- the mask processing unit 35 and the noise removal processing unit 37 perform the processing so that the characteristic portion of the binarized image does not include noise.
- the shape of the container, the lighting conditions, etc. In the case where an observation image containing almost no noise can be obtained, the processing in the mask processing unit 35 and the noise removal processing unit 37 can be omitted.
- the detection of protein crystals has relied solely on visual observation by the observer.
- the detection of protein crystals can be automated, and can be performed efficiently and with high reliability.
- the protein crystal detection method of the present invention can be used for, for example, a screening method for protein crystallization conditions such as a vapor diffusion method, and the protein crystal detection device of the present invention can be used for a protein crystallization condition such as a vapor diffusion method. It can be used for screening equipment and protein crystal production equipment.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/554,579 US20060276630A1 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | Method for detecting protein crystal, apparatus for detecting protein crystal and program for detecting protein crystal |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-123984 | 2003-04-28 | ||
| JP2003123984A JP3898667B2 (ja) | 2003-04-28 | 2003-04-28 | 蛋白質結晶検出方法および蛋白質結晶検出装置ならびに蛋白質結晶検出プログラム |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004097366A2 true WO2004097366A2 (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
| WO2004097366A3 WO2004097366A3 (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
Family
ID=33410145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/006160 Ceased WO2004097366A2 (ja) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | 蛋白質結晶検出方法および蛋白質結晶検出装置ならびに蛋白質結晶検出プログラム |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060276630A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3898667B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004097366A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4761838B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-15 | 2011-08-31 | 独立行政法人理化学研究所 | タンパク質溶液の析出物を判定する方法及びシステム |
| JP4740686B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-10 | 2011-08-03 | 独立行政法人理化学研究所 | タンパク質結晶化状態判別システムおよびその方法 |
| JP4875591B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-06 | 2012-02-15 | 古河機械金属株式会社 | 結晶観察装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6529612B1 (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 2003-03-04 | Diversified Scientific, Inc. | Method for acquiring, storing and analyzing crystal images |
| JP3576523B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-26 | 2004-10-13 | オリンパス株式会社 | 蛍光輝度測定方法及び装置 |
-
2003
- 2003-04-28 JP JP2003123984A patent/JP3898667B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-28 US US10/554,579 patent/US20060276630A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-28 WO PCT/JP2004/006160 patent/WO2004097366A2/ja not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060276630A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
| JP3898667B2 (ja) | 2007-03-28 |
| JP2004345867A (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
| WO2004097366A3 (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
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