WO2004096528A1 - Pultrusionsverfahren und damit hergestellte artikel - Google Patents
Pultrusionsverfahren und damit hergestellte artikel Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004096528A1 WO2004096528A1 PCT/EP2004/004519 EP2004004519W WO2004096528A1 WO 2004096528 A1 WO2004096528 A1 WO 2004096528A1 EP 2004004519 W EP2004004519 W EP 2004004519W WO 2004096528 A1 WO2004096528 A1 WO 2004096528A1
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- thermoplastic
- molding composition
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006105 batch ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001055 blue pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OZNCPAQBJMPCIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;penta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C=CC=C.CC=CC=C OZNCPAQBJMPCIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbodiimide group Chemical group N=C=N VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- NJXBVBPTDHBAID-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 NJXBVBPTDHBAID-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001112 grafted polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002852 poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003210 poly(4-hydroxy benzoic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002755 poly(epichlorohydrin) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003366 poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000414 polyfuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002742 polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene/propylene) -block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002743 polystyrene-poly(ethylene-ethylene/propylene) block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAGFXJQAIZNSEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WAGFXJQAIZNSEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pultrusion process with which rods with improved fiber-plastic adhesion can be produced, and to the products produced with them.
- thermoplastics with additives such as reinforcing agents, fillers and / or impact modifiers to improve their mechanical properties, such as strength or impact strength, or to reduce their price.
- reinforcing agents on the properties of the molding compound is influenced by their connection to the plastic matrix. Often, therefore, some reinforcing agents are not suitable for all plastics, or they are provided with sizes that bring about an improved connection to the plastic matrix.
- the reinforcing fibers are coated with sizes and these are incorporated into the molten polymer after the size has dried.
- An adhesion promoter is often used in addition to the size, which is intended to improve the adhesion between the interface of the reinforcing agent and the polymer matrix. However, this approach is often not sufficient.
- a disadvantage of the use of sizes or adhesion promoters in the production of reinforced molding compositions is that the polymer matrix is often not yet adequately bonded to the reinforcing agent. The best possible connection between these components of the molding composition is desirable.
- thermoplastic rods by means of pultrusion
- It can be used to manufacture granules or molding compounds from thermoplastic materials.
- WO-A-99 / 65,661 corresponding to US-A-6,090,319 it is proposed to produce rods by means of pultrusion processes which have a shell of a further plastic.
- Thermoplastic materials are known from the older, not prepublished WO-A-03 / 74,612
- Molding compositions and moldings produced therefrom are known which, in addition to selected additives, also contain a catalyst which catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the thermoplastic polymer and the surface of the additive.
- a catalyst which catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the thermoplastic polymer and the surface of the additive.
- long-fiber-reinforced molding compositions can be produced therefrom, which can be encased with another material, for example a thermoplastic polymer.
- the object of the present invention was to provide long fiber reinforced thermoplastic rods with an improved connection of the thermoplastic to the reinforcing fiber.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide rod-shaped or pellet-shaped semifinished products which have a long fiber reinforced thermoplastic core in which there is a catalyst for the improved connection of the thermoplastic to the reinforcing fiber, without there
- Additives are found that can negatively influence the activity of the catalyst. Such additives can be found in the casing around the thermoplastic core.
- the improved connection of the reinforcing fiber to the plastic matrix manifests itself in an increased interface adhesion and in improved mechanical
- Another object of the present invention was to provide a method for producing these semi-finished products or molding compositions.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing long-fiber-reinforced molding compositions, comprising the steps: a) passing at least one multifilament strand of multifilaments under tensile stress over a surface, so that the multifilaments spread out in the at least one strand and an open multifilament strand is formed, b) inserting them the tensioned and opened multifilament strand into a first impregnation tool, c) introducing a first thermoplastic molding composition into the first impregnation tool, the first thermoplastic molding composition comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one catalyst, which forms covalent bonds between the thermoplastic polymer and the Catalysed surface of the multifilaments, and optionally contains other additives which do not adversely affect the activity of the catalyst, d) impregnating the at least one open ten multifilament strand with the plasticized first thermoplastic molding compound, e) pulling off the fiber-
- the first impregnation tool and the feeding of the at least one strand of multifilaments is a pultrusion tool known per se. Such tools are described for example in EP-A-579,047 or in US RE 32,772.
- Reinforcing fibers are introduced into this pultrusion tool in the open state and under tension, so that the impregnation with the first thermoplastic molding compound can take place.
- the reinforcing fibers can be any multifilament game made of different materials.
- rovings made of high-strength materials.
- the rovings preferably consist of continuous filaments.
- Mineral fibers such as glass fibers, polymer fibers, in particular organic high-modulus fibers, such as aramid fibers, or metal fibers, such as steel fibers, or carbon fibers, are advantageously suitable as multifilaments.
- These fibers can be modified or unmodified, for example with a
- Glass fibers are particularly preferred.
- Organic silanes, especially aminosilanes, are mostly used to treat glass fibers.
- 3-trimethoxysilyl-propylamine, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (3-trimethoxysilanyl-propyl) -ethane-1,2-diamine, 3- (2-aminoethylamino) can be used, for example, as aminosilanes ) propyltrimethoxysilane, N- [3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] -1, 2-ethanediamine.
- Sizes based on polyurethanes can also be used advantageously. Between one and a hundred open multifilament strands are preferably introduced into the first impregnation tool.
- the multifilament strands are opened in a manner known per se, as described in WO-A-99/65, 661 given above.
- the multifilament strand After the multifilament strand has been introduced into the first impregnation tool, it is impregnated with a first thermoplastic molding compound and a long fiber-reinforced strand is formed. This is removed from the first impregnation tool. As a result of the pulling off, a tension is generated in interaction with the feed devices for the multifilament yarns.
- the long-fiber-reinforced strand is introduced into a second tool and covered there with a second thermoplastic molding composition, as was described in WO-A-99 / 65,661.
- the sheathed long fiber reinforced rod After pulling off the sheathed long fiber reinforced rod from the second tool, it can either be wound up in a plastic state or cut into rods of a predetermined length.
- the fiber-reinforced rod provided with a sheath made of the second thermoplastic molding composition is preferably cooled, shaped, cut into pellets and / or made up.
- the first thermoplastic molding composition contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one catalyst which catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the thermoplastic polymer and the surface of the multifilaments, and optionally further additives which do not adversely affect the activity of the catalyst.
- the proportion of the thermoplastic polymer in the first thermoplastic molding composition is usually at least 60% by weight, preferably 60 to 99.5% by weight, based on the weight of the first thermoplastic molding composition.
- the proportion of the catalyst in the first thermoplastic molding composition is usually less than 1.0% by weight, preferably 0.00001 to 1.0% by weight and in particular 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the first thermoplastic molding composition.
- the proportion of any additives present in the first thermoplastic molding composition is usually up to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight and in particular 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the first thermoplastic molding composition.
- thermoplastic molding composition For those that may be present in the first thermoplastic molding composition
- Additives can be any substances that can be beneficial in the processing of the pultruded semi-finished product and / or impart a desired property to the later end product. However, the additives should be selected so that their presence does not negatively influence the activity of the catalyst.
- additives are listed below in the description of the second thermoplastic molding composition. Mixtures of additives can also be used.
- thermoplastic molding compositions which, in addition to thermoplastic polymer, catalyst and, if appropriate, adhesion promoters and / or if appropriate stabilizers, in particular antioxidants and / or if appropriate UV stabilizers and / or where appropriate processing aids such as waxes and / or where appropriate
- antioxidants Contain nucleating agents as additives, the presence of which does not adversely affect the activity of the catalyst used.
- antioxidants are sterically hindered phenol compounds.
- UV stabilizers examples are benzotriazole derivatives and benzophenone derivatives.
- the first thermoplastic molding composition preferably consists essentially of thermoplastic polymers, a catalyst and optionally an antioxidant.
- thermoplastic polymer which, in addition to the thermoplastic polymer, only consist of at least one catalyst and at least one antioxidant are very particularly preferred as the first thermoplastic molding composition.
- the proportions of catalyst are preferably 0.00001 to 0.5% by weight and the proportions of the antioxidant are preferably 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, based on the proportion of the first thermoplastic molding composition.
- the selection of the constituents of the first molding compound ensures that it does not have any constituents which have a negative influence on the activity of the catalyst.
- the specialist can determine the selection criteria for this by routine tests.
- Experiments can be used to determine a negative influence of an additive on the activity of the catalyst, in which the same resulting amounts of the additive in question, ie the same amounts of the additive in the final molded article, are added once to the first thermoplastic molding compound and once to the second thermoplastic molding compound.
- a negative influence on the activity of the catalyst (in the first molding compound) is present if, with the same addition amounts of the catalyst, the pellets produced by means of the process described and containing the additive in the first thermoplastic molding compound or the molded articles, for example rods, produced therefrom have mechanical characteristics than the corresponding pellets or molded articles which contain the additive in the second thermoplastic molding compound.
- the person skilled in the art would try to determine this, for example, by measuring the tensile strengths or elongations at break of determined by injection molding from the standard bodies produced to be compared pellets. If at least one of the mechanical parameters of the first group of standard bodies (derived from pellets containing the additive in the first thermoplastic molding composition) is clearly, for example 10%, below the corresponding mechanical parameter of the second group of standard bodies
- Polymers and the surface of the multifilaments usually take place in the first impregnation tool and / or in the further processing of the pultruded semi-finished product.
- thermoplastic molding compositions are particularly preferred.
- the proportion of multifilaments in the strand leaving the first impregnation tool is generally up to 80% by weight, preferably 10 to 80% by weight, based on the weight of this strand.
- all compounds which catalyze a chemical reaction in which covalent bonds form between the matrix polymer and the material of the multifilaments are suitable as catalysts which can be used in the first thermoplastic molding composition. This can involve the reaction of reactive groups of the matrix polymer with reactive groups on the surface of the multifilaments.
- chemical reactions can also be involved in which covalent bonds are formed between the adhesion promoter used and the polymer matrix and / or the surface of the multifilaments, or in which covalent bonds form between two parts of an adhesion promoter, one part of which contains the matrix polymer and the other other part is compatible with the surface of the multifilament additive.
- Examples of reactions catalyzed according to the invention for the formation of covalent bonds between the thermoplastic matrix polymer and the surface of the multifilaments are all reactions in which covalent bonds are formed between identical or different reactive groups.
- reactive groups are hydroxyl, thiol, mercaptan, amine, ester, amide, anhydride, carboxyl, carbonate, sulfonic acid, epoxy, urethane, thiourethane, isocyanate, allophanate, Urea, biurethane, lactone, lactam,
- Examples of chemical reactions are reactions between the same reactive groups, such as transesterification, transamidation or transurethaneization reactions; or reactions between different reactive groups, such as ester, amide or urethane formation or formation of carbon-carbon bonds.
- Lewis acids which are particularly preferably not Bronsted acids, are advantageously used.
- these catalysts are usually used in amounts of from 0.00001 to 1.0% by weight, advantageously from 0.0005 to 0.5% by weight and particularly advantageously from 0.0007 to 0.01% by weight, in particular from 0. 0007 to 0.005% by weight, based on the first thermoplastic molding composition.
- Suitable catalysts are MgX 2 , BiX 3 , SnX 4 , SbXs, FeX 3 , GaX 3 , HgX 2 , ZnX 2 , AIX 3 , PX 3 , TiX 4 , MnX 2 , ZrX 4) [R 4 N] + q A q " , [R 4 P] + q A q" , where X is a halogen atom, ie I, Br, Cl, F and / or a group -OR or -R, where R is alkyl or aryl, q is an integer from 1 to 3 and A is a q-valent anion, for example halide, sulfate or carboxylate.
- catalysts can also be used.
- particularly advantageous catalysts are selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salts, phosphines, ammonium salts, sulfonium salts, titanates, titanyl compounds, zirconates and mixtures thereof.
- Phosphonium salts which can preferably be used carry at least one aryl radical, advantageously at least one phenyl radical, such as, for example, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride or tetraphenylphosphonium bromide.
- Phosphonium salts which contain both aromatic and aliphatic radicals, in particular three aryl radicals, for example phenyl radicals, are particularly preferably used. Examples of this latter group are ethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide.
- Triphenylphosphine P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 is used as particularly advantageous phosphine.
- thermoplastic polymers are understood in principle to mean all known, synthetic, natural and modified natural polymers which can be processed by melt extrusion. These thermoplastic polymers are used in the first and second thermoplastic molding compositions.
- Examples include:
- Polylactones such as poly (pivalolactone) or poly (caprolactone);
- Polyurethanes such as the polymerization products of the diisocyanates such as, for example, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate; p-phenylene diisocyanate, m-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, S.S'-dimethyM ⁇ '- biphenyl diisocyanate, 4, 4'-diphenylisopropylidene diisocyanate, S.S'-dimethyM ⁇ '- diphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenyl diisocyanate, Dianisidine diisocyanate, toluidine diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate,
- Diols such as poly (tetramethylene adipate), poly (ethylene adipate), poly (1,4-butylene adipate), poly (ethylene succinate), poly (2,3-butylene succinate), polyether diols and / or one or more diols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and / or with polyether diols derived from one or more diols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and / or tetraethylene glycol;
- Polycarbonates such as poly [methane bis (4-phenyl) carbonate], poly [1,1-ether bis (4-phenyl) carbonate], poly [diphenylmethane bis (4-phenyl) carbonate] and poly [1, 1 cyclohexane bis (4-phenyl) carbonate];
- Polysulfones such as the reaction product of the sodium salt of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane or 4,4 '-Dihydroxydiphenylethers with 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone; Polyethers, polyketones and polyether ketones, such as polymerisation products of hydroquinone, of 4,4 '-Dihydroxybiphenyls, of 4,4'-dihydroxy-benzophenone or 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone with dihalogenated, especially dichlorinated aromatic or difluorinated compounds of the type 4.4 '-di-halodiphenylsulfon, 4,4' -di-halo-dibenzophenon, bis-4,4'-di-halobezoyl-benzene and 4,4 '-di-halo-biphenyl; Polyamides such as poly (4-amino-butanoate), poly- (hexamethylene-a
- Polyesters such as poly (ethylene-1, 5-naphthalate), poly (1, 4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate), poly (ethylene-oxybenzoate) (A-TELL), poly (para-hydroxybenzoate) (EKONOL) , Poly (1,4-cyclohexylidene dimethylene terephthalate) (KODEL), polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate;
- Poly (arylene oxides) such as poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and poly (2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide);
- Liquid crystalline polymers such as the polycondensation products from the group of monomers, which consists of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1, 4-
- Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid, hydroquinone, 4,4 '- dihydroxybiphenyl and 4-aminophenol;
- Poly (arylene sulfides) such as poly (phenylene sulfide), poly (phenylene sulfide ketone) and
- Vinyl polymers and their copolymers such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride; Polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylidene chloride and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers; Polyacrylic derivatives, such as polyacrylate and polymethacrylate and their copolymers and derivatives, such as esters, for example polyethyl acrylate, poly (n-butyl acrylate), poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (ethyl methacrylate), poly (n-butyl methacrylate), poly (n-propyl methacrylate) ), Polyacrylonitrile, water-insoluble ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, water-insoluble ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, acrylonitrile copolymers,
- Methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymers ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers and acrylic-butadiene-styrene copolymers
- Polyolefins such as poly (ethylene) e.g. Low Density Poly (ethylene) (LDPE); Linear Low Density Poly (ethylene) (LLDPE) or High Density Poly (ethylene) (HDPE);
- LDPE Low Density Poly
- LLDPE Linear Low Density Poly
- HDPE High Density Poly
- Furan polymers such as poly (furan);
- Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose propionate; Silicones such as poly (dimethyl siloxane) and poly (dimethyl siloxane-co-phenylmethyl siloxane);
- thermoplastic polymers in the sense of the invention also include thermoplastic elastomers which are derived, for example, from one or more of the following polymers:
- Polyurethane elastomers fluoroelastomers, polyester elastomers, polyvinyl chloride, thermoplastic butadiene / acrylonitrile elastomers, thermoplastic poly (butadiene), thermoplastic poly (isobutylene), ethylene-propylene copolymers, thermoplastic Ethylene propylene diene terpolymers, thermoplastic sulfonated ethylene propylene diene terpolymers, poly (chloroprene), thermoplastic poly (2,3-dimethylbutadiene), thermoplastic poly (butadiene pentadiene), chlorosulfonated poly (ethylene), block copolymers, composed of Segments of amorphous or (partially) crystalline blocks, such as poly (styrene), poly (vinyltoluene),
- Poly (t-butylstyrene), and polyester, and elastomeric blocks such as poly (butadiene), poly (isoprene), ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-butylene copolymers, ethylene-isoprene copolymers and their hydrogenated derivatives, such as SEBS, SEPS, SEEPS, and also hydrogenated ethylene-isoprene copolymers with an increased proportion of 1,2-linked isoprene, polyether, styrene polymers, such as ASA
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- PC / ABS polycarbonate / ABS
- block copolymers which contain blocks with functional groups which can react with the additives.
- Graft copolymers in which functional groups which enter into one of the reactions mentioned above, such as transesterification reactions, are located in a side chain are likewise advantageously usable as a matrix polymer or in particular as an additive to the matrix polymer; in particular, these are modified polyolefins, in particular modified polyethylene or modified polypropylene.
- the modified polyolefin preferably contains at least one of the following
- Examples of such functional group-containing polyolefin plastics include modified polyolefin copolymers or grafted copolymers which are produced by chemically following compounds listed as examples, such as maleic anhydride, citric anhydride, N-phenyl maleimide, N-cyclohexyl maleimide, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate Glycidyl vinyl benzoate, N- [4- (2,3-epoxpropoxy) -3,5-dimethylbenzyl] acrylamide (AX), alkyl (meth) acrylates on polyolefins, such as polypropylene, polyethylene or ethylene / propylene copolymers, or grafted on polyamide become.
- the modified polymer is not limited in the degree of polymerization, it can also be an oligomer.
- modified polyolefins are maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene, maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene / polypropylene copolymer, glycidyl methacrylate-modified polyethylene, glycidyl methacrylate-modified
- Polypropylene, AX-modified polyethylene, AX-modified polypropylene and polyamide grafted polyolefins are polypropylene, AX-modified polyethylene, AX-modified polypropylene and polyamide grafted polyolefins.
- Polymers which can be obtained by transesterification reactions, transamidation reactions or trans-urethanization reactions or whose recurring unit contains at least one group which can undergo such a reaction or a similar reaction can be used very particularly advantageously.
- thermoplastic polymers which can be used particularly advantageously and which contain functional groups which can undergo transesterification, transamidation or umurethanization reactions can advantageously be used in a mixture with polymers which do not contain any functional groups which cannot undergo such reactions, so that their binding to the multifilaments is improved.
- Thermoplastic polymers to be used particularly advantageously are polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyarylene sulfides and polyacetals, polyolefins, in particular in combination with modified polyolefins.
- the catalyst or the catalyst mixture and the optionally further additives can be incorporated into the thermoplastic material of the first thermoplastic molding composition using methods known per se, for example by means of an extruder or kneader. This is preferably connected upstream of the first impregnation tool or pellets made from pre-formed thermoplastic molding compositions are used.
- the second thermoplastic molding composition differs from the first thermoplastic molding composition. Generally the second thermoplastic
- Molding compound no catalyst, but which must be present in the first thermoplastic molding compound.
- the second thermoplastic molding composition can consist exclusively of thermoplastic or a mixture of thermoplastic, but contains at least one additive.
- These can be any additives that can be beneficial in the processing of the powdered semifinished product and / or impart a desired property to the later end product.
- additives are mineral fillers, colorants, antistatic agents, lubricants, tribological auxiliaries, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, acid scavengers, adhesion promoters, mold release agents, nucleating agents, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or impact modifiers, in particular elastomers.
- Mixtures of additives can also be used.
- mineral fillers are chalk, calcium carbonate, glass balls, hollow glass balls, talc, wollastonite, clay, molybdenum disulfide and / or graphite.
- antioxidants are sterically hindered phenol compounds.
- UV stabilizers are benzotriazole derivatives and benzophenone derivatives.
- conductivity-imparting additives or antistatic agents are carbon blacks, in particular conductivity blacks, or metal powder.
- nucleating agents is talc.
- colorants are inorganic pigments, for example titanium dioxide, ultramarine blue, cobalt blue, or organic pigments and dyes, such as phthalocyanines, anthraquinones
- lubricants are soaps and esters, for example stearyl stearate,
- Montanic acid esters partially saponified montanic acid esters; Stearic acids, polar and / or non-polar polyethylene waxes, poly- ⁇ -olefin oligomers, silicone oils, polyalkylene glycols and perfluoroalkyl ethers, polytetrafluoroethylene.
- additives are used in the second thermoplastic molding composition, which are contained in a separate one in the polymer matrix
- additives are particularly preferably used together with a catalyst which catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the thermoplastic polymer and the surface of the additive, so that its surface can be covalently bonded to the polymer matrix by a chemical reaction.
- the additives can be typical reinforcing materials, such as fibers, tapes, foils or flat fabrics, or typical fillers that are mainly used for economic reasons, for example mineral fillers, but also fillers that are used to the To impart a desired property to the composition, for example to achieve a reinforcing effect, and also to impact modifiers.
- typical reinforcing materials such as fibers, tapes, foils or flat fabrics
- typical fillers that are mainly used for economic reasons, for example mineral fillers, but also fillers that are used to the To impart a desired property to the composition, for example to achieve a reinforcing effect, and also to impact modifiers.
- additives are advantageously provided with a size or have been surface-treated in order to improve the connection to the plastic matrix.
- the additives can be incorporated into the thermoplastic material of the second thermoplastic molding composition using methods known per se, for example using an extruder or kneader. This is preferably connected upstream of the second impregnation tool or it comes
- Pellets from pre-formed thermoplastic molding compounds are used.
- Additives used in the second thermoplastic molding composition are particularly preferably impact modifiers.
- the catalysts which are preferably used in the second thermoplastic molding composition also cause the
- Preferably used as impact modifier are polyurethanes, two-phase mixtures of polybutadiene and styrene / acrylonitrile (ABS), modified polysiloxanes or silicone rubbers or graft copolymers made from a rubber-elastic, single-phase core based on polydiene and a hard graft shell (core shells - or core-shell structure).
- ABS styrene / acrylonitrile
- modified polysiloxanes or silicone rubbers or graft copolymers made from a rubber-elastic, single-phase core based on polydiene and a hard graft shell (core shells - or core-shell structure).
- the second thermoplastic molding composition used according to the invention can contain additives in amounts of usually up to 40% by weight individually or as Mixture, based on the weight of the second thermoplastic molding composition, included.
- the proportion of the thermoplastic polymer (s) in the second thermoplastic molding composition is usually 40 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 60 to 99% by weight.
- thermoplastic molding composition %, based on the total weight of the second thermoplastic molding composition.
- the proportion of additives in the second thermoplastic molding composition is preferably 0.1 to 60, preferably 1.0 to 40,% by weight, based on the total weight of the second thermoplastic molding composition.
- the invention also relates to the cultivated coated strands obtainable by the process described, in which the first thermoplastic molding composition consists essentially of thermoplastic polymer, catalyst, optionally adhesion promoter, optionally antioxidants and / or optionally UV
- Stabilizers exist, and wherein the second thermoplastic molding composition contains additives.
- coated strands obtainable by the process according to the invention can be used as semi-finished products for the production of fiber-reinforced molded parts.
- the areas of application of the end products are diverse and concern, for example, components for vehicle applications, for example for automobiles, components for household appliances or components for sports equipment.
- a multifilament strand (1) and the first thermoplastic molding compound (3) are fed to the first tool (2) and processed there to form a fiber-reinforced strand (4). This leaves the first tool (2) and becomes a second
- POM polyoxymethylene
- Experiment 1 is a comparative example.
- Experiment 2 is an example according to the invention.
- Example 1 is a single stage pultrusion.
- Example 2 is a two-stage pultrusion which was carried out in an arrangement of two tools outlined in FIG. 1 and in which the components “tribological additive” and
- Soot can only be used spatially and temporally in the second tool.
- F w 1 proportion of the multifilament strand fed to tool 1 in% by weight, based on the weight of the pultruded rod leaving this tool.
- G w 1 proportion of the first thermoplastic molding composition fed to the tool 1 in% by weight, based on the weight of the pultruded rod leaving this tool.
- F w 2 proportion of the pultruded strand fed to the tool 2 in% by weight, based on the weight of the encased pultruded rod leaving this tool.
- G w 2 proportion of the second thermoplastic molding composition fed to the tool 2 in% by weight, based on the weight of the coated pultruded rod leaving this tool.
- thermoplastic molding composition forming batch ingredients were mixed, then melted in a twin screw extruder, homogenised, removed as a strand and granulated. This granulate in turn was then added to the pultrusion system outlined in FIG. 1 here on tool 1 or tool 2 and melted again in an extruder, homogenized and the melt into the corresponding
- test specimens For the production of test specimens, the cut pultrusion strands were injection molded into standard test specimens and characterized according to the methods listed below:
- the table contains the compositions of the batch for tool 1 and tool 2 and the corresponding test results.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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US10/554,894 US20060204739A1 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-04-29 | Pultrusion method and an article produced by said method |
JP2006505314A JP2006524594A (ja) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-04-29 | 引き抜き成形法及び該方法によって製造される物品 |
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DE10319237.9 | 2003-04-30 | ||
DE2003119237 DE10319237A1 (de) | 2003-04-30 | 2003-04-30 | Pultrusionsverfahren und damit hergestellte Artikel |
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WO2004096528A1 true WO2004096528A1 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
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PCT/EP2004/004519 WO2004096528A1 (de) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-04-29 | Pultrusionsverfahren und damit hergestellte artikel |
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US (1) | US20060204739A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006524594A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10319237A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004096528A1 (de) |
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DE102011107137A1 (de) * | 2011-07-12 | 2013-01-17 | Hübner GmbH | Extrudiertes Kunststoffprofil |
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DE102011005329A1 (de) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffs und insbesondere eines Zugträgers |
JP6276686B2 (ja) | 2011-04-12 | 2018-02-07 | ティコナ・エルエルシー | 繊維ロービングを含浸するためのダイ及び方法 |
AU2012242983A1 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2013-10-03 | Ticona Llc | Umbilical for use in subsea applications |
ES2617596T3 (es) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-06-19 | Southwire Company, Llc | Cables de transmisión eléctrica con núcleos de material compuesto |
CN103547440B (zh) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-03-29 | 提克纳有限责任公司 | 用于浸渍纤维粗纱的模具浸渍部分和方法 |
CA2832823C (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2020-06-02 | Ticona Llc | Composite core for electrical transmission cables |
BR112013025217B8 (pt) | 2011-04-12 | 2021-03-23 | Ticona Llc | haste compósita e método para a formação de uma haste compósita |
PL2701886T3 (pl) | 2011-04-29 | 2017-06-30 | Ticona Llc | Dysza z rozpraszającą strumień bramką przejściową oraz sposób impregnowania włókien niedoprzędów |
CA2775445C (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2019-04-09 | Ticona Llc | Die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
CA2775442C (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2019-01-08 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section with upstream surface and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
WO2013016121A1 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2013-01-31 | Ticona Llc | Extruder and method for producing high fiber density resin structures |
US9409355B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-08-09 | Ticona Llc | System and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9321073B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-04-26 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section of die for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9283708B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-03-15 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9624350B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2017-04-18 | Ticona Llc | Asymmetric fiber reinforced polymer tape |
US9289936B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-03-22 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section of die for impregnating fiber rovings |
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US9410644B2 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2016-08-09 | Ticona Llc | Subsea pipe section with reinforcement layer |
US20170341866A1 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2017-11-30 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method for transporting pellets, method for manufacturing pellets, and method for the manufacture of a modulded product from pellets |
ES2837424T3 (es) | 2017-12-05 | 2021-06-30 | Borealis Ag | Composición de polipropileno reforzada con fibra |
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DE10319237A1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
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