WO2004096045A1

WO2004096045A1 - Method and apparatus for discriminating individual

Info

Publication number: WO2004096045A1
Application number: PCT/JP2003/005619
Authority: WO
Inventors: Seijiro Tomita
Original assignee: Seijiro Tomita
Priority date: 2003-05-02
Filing date: 2003-05-02
Publication date: 2004-11-11
Also published as: AU2003231382A1; JPWO2004096045A1

Abstract

Novel method and apparatus for discriminating an individual accurately under natural state where fixing of a sensor is not noticed by anyone by detecting heartbeat data or respiration data with high accuracy using an air sensor of convenient arrangement while noticing the fact that an individual difference is present in the heartbeat or respiration depending on the body dimensions (height, weight), age, sex and race, and comparing the detected data with previously sampled reference heartbeat data or respiration data or circadian rhythm data of each individual.

Description

Itoda ¾

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method and a device capable of detecting body movement of an individual such as a person or an animal using air pressure, and identifying and specifying the individual.

Background art

As a conventional individual discriminating method of this kind, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11_04533538 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-333314 are known.

The former conventional technique measures the myoelectricity of a finger and determines whether it is a living finger or a replica finger based on this potential difference.The latter conventional technique uses a signal from a transmitter attached to an individual. The present invention relates to a technique for identifying an individual by comparing the identification data with identification data collected in advance.

However, in the former proposed technique of the prior art, it is a technique that can simply specify whether it is a finger of a living body or a replica finger, and is a technique that is advanced enough to be able to determine whether the living body is an individual or not. Also, even in the latter conventional technique, if the frequency of the received signal can be imitated, it is impossible to determine whether or not the received signal is the identity of the individual, and the identity of the received signal is enhanced by the received signal. At present, it is not possible to specify the accuracy.

The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and the purpose of the invention is that heartbeat and respiration vary among individuals depending on the individual's physique (height / weight), age, sex, and race. Focusing on this, the heart rate data and respiration data are detected with high accuracy by an air sensor with a simple configuration, and the detected data is collected in advance as reference heart rate data and reference respiration data for each individual. A method and apparatus for identifying a completely new individual that can be distinguished with high accuracy in a natural state where the sensor is not noticed by comparing with the dean rhythm data It is intended to provide.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention solves the above problems by the following means.

The present invention according to the method for identifying an individual according to claim 1 includes: a body comprising: an air pad filled with air; and a sensor that detects a change in air pressure in the air pad. That the individual is identified by comparing the heartbeat data and / or respiration data detected by the motion detection device with the reference heartbeat data and / or reference respiration data of the reference individual collected in advance. It is a feature.

In this case, as the reference heartbeat data and / or reference breathing data of the individual, it is desirable to use data extracted from the force endian rhythm data as described in claim 2.

As described in claim 3, the supportive dean rhythm data is characterized in that heart rate variability is detected from a low frequency component, a medium frequency component, and a high frequency component.

Note that, as described in claim 4, the above-mentioned force-dian rhythm data includes at least reference heartbeat data and / or reference breathing data at around 6:00 am It is characterized in that the heart rate data and / or respiration data at around 6:00 am detected by the detection device are compared with the reference data.

In particular, when the individual has a heart disease system or a respiratory disease such as asthma, as described in claim 5, the onset time of the disease is included in the help force dian rhythm data. Priority judgment criteria information consisting of the type of heart rate and heart rate / respiration fluctuations is stored and compared, and the heartbeat data and no or respiration data detected by the body motion detection device are compared with this priority judgment criterion information with the highest priority. By doing so, it is characterized in that the individual can be identified quickly and with high accuracy.

Further, according to the present invention, as described in claim 6, the heartbeat data and / or respiration data detected by the body movement detecting device are combined with If it is determined that the individual is the same individual as the reference heart rate data and z or reference respiration data of the body, and the individual is determined to be the same individual, the heart rate data and / or respiration data detected by the body motion detection device are updated to the latest data. By updating and recording the reference heart rate data and the Z or reference breathing data, the individual can be identified with data closer to the data detected by the body motion detection device.

The invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that at least one pair of the body motion detection devices is used, and a difference between the detection data from each of the body motion detection devices is calculated, so that a detection position in a body internal direction is detected. It is characterized in that an individual is determined based on heart rate data and / or respiration data.

The invention described in claim 8 is characterized in that an apparatus used for identifying an individual according to any one of claims 1 to 7 includes an air pad filled with air, and an air pad inside the air pad. a sensor for detecting a change in air pressure, and the Eapa' de and the sensor unit, _c in this case is characterized in that is constituted by the communicating connection to the body movement detecting apparatus constructed airtightly, the Eapa' As described in claim 9, a foamed urethane resin (sponge) is sealed in the inside of the pad, and the pressure inside the air pad is always kept constant by the elastic restoring force of the foamed urethane resin. It is desirable.

Further, according to the present invention as set forth in claim 10, in the air pad, a flow path to which an air pump for replenishing air pressure can be connected is formed, and the air flow in the air pad is formed in the flow path. A check valve for preventing air leakage is provided, and when the pressure in the air pad is insufficient, the air pad can be easily restored.

The present invention described in claim 11 is characterized in that the sensor and the air pad are connected in an airtight manner through a hollow member such as a pipe or a tube.

Of course, in the present invention, without using such a hollow member, as described in claim 12, the sensor is provided inside an air pad. It is characterized by being constructed so that it can be more compact, and its applicability as a product can be greatly improved by being enclosed and integrated into a package. Further, in the present invention, as described in claim 13, the power supply for operating the above-mentioned sensor uses a self-power generation device using a piezoelectric element, thereby eliminating the need for an external power supply. This product is characterized in that it can be easily attached to other products. In this case, as described in claim 14, the size of the piezoelectric power generation device can be further reduced by being enclosed in the air pad and integrated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an individual discriminating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of a body motion detection device used in the individual identification device.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit example of a piezoelectric power generation device that drives and controls a sensor of the body motion detection device.

Figure 5 shows an example of a power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability in a 61-year-old woman's daily life. (A) shows time-series data of the ECG RR interval over 24 hours every 5 minutes. (B) is a chart showing time-series data of the average RR interval. FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway explanatory view showing another configuration example of the body motion detection device.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an individual discriminating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The individual discriminating apparatus includes a body motion detecting device 1 and a sensor 4 of the body motion detecting device 1. And a waveform shaping circuit 7 for shaping the heartbeat and respiratory waveform data detected by the sensor 4 into low-frequency components, medium-frequency components, and high-frequency components to generate pulse signals, and counts the number of pulse signals per unit time. You Counting circuit 8; a detected heartbeat; a reference heartbeat / respiration data storage circuit C in which the reference heartbeat / respiration data to be compared with the respiration data are stored; A determination circuit 9 for comparing the heart rate and respiration data with each other to determine an individual. Note that the waveform shaping circuit 7 includes a comparison circuit (not shown). The comparison circuit cuts noise and extremely small body movement, so that only signals having a set level or higher are selected. It is configured so that malfunction and erroneous judgment are prevented. Further, it is desirable that the detected heart rate / respiration data be configured to be transmitted via a built-in communication circuit (not shown).

As shown in FIG. 2, the body movement detecting device 1 includes an air pad 3 in which a foamed polyurethane resin such as an aerated sponge is enclosed, and a sensor 4 for detecting a change in air pressure in the air pad 3. The air pad 3 and the sensor 4 are connected by a flexible hollow tube 5 while maintaining an airtight state.

The urethane foam resin 2 is filled in the air pad 3 so as to maintain a constant inflated state in the air pad 3.After the air pad 3 is deformed by an external force, when the external force stops acting, Acts to quickly restore the original inflated state.

The air pad 3 is formed by bonding with an adhesive capable of maintaining airtightness so that the airtightness is maintained by a bag-like body having a rectangular planar shape. One end of a pipe 6 communicating with the inside of the pad is protruded. Of course, it is sealed with the above-mentioned adhesive so that air does not leak from around the pipe 6. Similarly, the sensor 4 and the hollow tube 5 are configured and connected in an airtight manner. The air pad 3 is desirably made of a material having excellent airtightness, such as rubber or soft synthetic resin. In order to further improve the airtightness, the air pad 3 is preferably formed of a plurality of layers. desirable.

The air pad 3 has an air pump for replenishing air pressure. A flow path 11 that can be connected to and communicated with 10 is formed by a pipe or the like, and a check valve (not shown) for preventing air from flowing out of the air pad 3 is provided in the flow path 11. I have. This is because, even if the air pad 3 and the sensor 4 are connected in an airtight state, the pressure in the air pad 3 decreases due to the use over time, so it is necessary to increase the pressure to a certain value by the air pump 10. It is. When the pressure in the air pad 3 becomes a constant value by the air pump 10, it is preferable that the pressure is not further increased by the check valve, for example.

As the sensor 4, a known pressure sensor that detects a change in air pressure in the air pad 3 is used. The output signal converted by the pressure sensor 4 is converted into a low-frequency component by a waveform shaping circuit 7 shown in FIG. It is shaped into a pulse signal for each of the medium frequency component and the high frequency component.

The heart rate and Z or respiration data detected by the sensor 4 include, for example, heart rate frequency, respiration frequency, and the number per unit time, which vary depending on the individual's physique, age, gender, and race. Individuals can be identified by measuring these at 24 hours or at regular intervals, removing necessary noise and performing correction processing. According to the present invention, the heartbeat frequency and respiratory frequency measured at 24 hours or at regular intervals, as well as the numbers and waveforms per unit time, and physique (height / weight) / age / gender , Race data, and are used for individual discrimination.

That is, the heart rate variability can be obtained by evaluating the total heart rate variability (time domain) and performing power spectrum analysis (frequency domain) of the frequency component of the heartbeat cycle variation. This power spectrum analysis shows that the low-frequency component (1 ^?) Of 0-0.05 «[ ₂ related to vascular motor activity, body temperature regulation and renin-angiotensin system, and the baroreceptor system It is determined from the mid-frequency component (MF) of 0.05 to 0.20 Hz and the high-frequency component (HF) of 0.2 to 0.35 Hz related to respiratory fluctuation.

From the frequency components obtained in this way, statistically significant information about the number, power, and median frequency band is obtained, and DC noise is subtracted. The comparison (auto-correlation algorithm) between individuals with greatly different power values can be specified by the correction value obtained in advance.

A known power source for driving the sensor 4 may be any of various known batteries. In particular, it is preferable to use a self-oscillating power generation type piezoelectric power generation device 12 using a piezoelectric element shown in FIG.

Many inorganic and organic materials exhibiting the piezoelectric effect are known, but materials such as PZT ceramics (piezoelectriccceramics) as ceramics which are presently in practical use are known. A piezoelectric ceramic element is an element in which a high DC voltage is applied to a polycrystalline body to generate remanent polarization and thereby impart piezoelectricity. The composition of the piezoelectric ceramic element can change the basic piezoelectric constant considerably freely.

The piezoelectric power generating device 12 using such a piezoelectric ceramic element applies mechanical impact energy due to collision to the piezoelectric element plate to excite flexural vibration on the piezoelectric element plate to extract electric energy.

Then, the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric power generation device 12 is charged to a desired set level, and when the set level is reached, the charged electric energy is discharged at once or sequentially discharged. 4 can extract the electric energy required.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the piezoelectric power generating device 12 includes a piezoelectric ceramic element 13, a capacitor 14 connected to the piezoelectric ceramic element 13, and opening and closing of the capacitor 14. Self-holding current switch 15, a trigger circuit (not shown) connected to the self-holding current switch 15 for setting a discharge start level, and diodes 16 A to 16 for waveform shaping. F and.

In this case, the capacitor 14, the self-holding type current switch 15, the trigger circuit and the diodes 16 A to 16 F constituting the piezoelectric generator 12 are integrated with the piezoelectric ceramic element 13 to form a unit. Thus, this can be reduced in size and can be applied to various uses. In the present invention, particularly in the case of a device used while moving, the sensor 4 It is not necessary to operate the sensor at all times, and the sensor 4 only needs to be activated every required time.Therefore, the required voltage is stored in the capacitor 14 and the piezoelectric generator 12 that uses the power supply is just right Power supply.

The flexible hollow tube 5 for connecting and connecting the air pad 3 and the sensor 4 is made of an airtight material. Of course, a pipe formed of metal or hard resin can be used instead of the flexible hollow tube 5. ―

Further, in the present invention, the heart rate data and the respiration data are compared in the determination circuit 9 with the Sian dian rhythm data of the individual stored in the Sian dian rhythm data storage circuit C, and the predetermined time of the individual is determined. By detecting the variation difference of the individual in, the individual can be determined quickly and with high accuracy, and the physical condition unique to the individual can be detected.

Here, the Sian power rhythm is an endogenous biological rhythm that fluctuates repeatedly in a cycle of about 24 hours, and the Sian power rhythm of heart rate variability in daily life is the physiological rhythm of an individual. It is an effective means for knowing pathological changes.

That is, the power spectrum of the low-frequency component in the frequency domain is affected by various external factors such as the physical and mental activities and body position of the individual during the day. At night, there are slow periodic fluctuations of less than 0.05 Hz, that is, periodic fluctuations and aperiodic fluctuations. At the same time as awakening, the sympathetic activity increases and the parasympathetic activity seen at night decreases. The change in power of the low-frequency component and the high-frequency component at night becomes maximum around AM3: 00 to AM5: 00 or AM6: 00. Therefore, according to the present invention, an individual can be specified with high accuracy by accumulating at least the endian rhythm data of about AM 6:00 and using this as one piece of individual identification information. Of course, if 24 hours of surian dianth rhythm data can be collected over a long period of time, individuals can be identified with higher accuracy. Long term is one month unit or one Yearly, multiple yearly. In addition, by using the most recent data with the highest priority, it is easy to match the heart rate and respiration data detected in real time, and the identification of individuals can be made more accurate. it can. In this case, it is possible to perform real-time high-precision individual discrimination by performing update rewriting of the above-mentioned force dian rhythm data with past data using detection data obtained in real time.

The characteristic of the Sian power rhythm in each of the 24 hours is that in a healthy person, the total power of heart rate variability decreases at night, the low frequency component and the high frequency component increase, and the medium frequency component Decreases. Diurnal variation is also affected by age, and it is known that the response of the autonomic nervous system decreases with aging. The present invention has made it clear that the circadian variability of heart rate variability is associated with the pathology of various heart diseases, for example, acute myocardial infarction, transient myocardial ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, severe arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, etc. It can also be used as data for judgment of cardiovascular accidents and prognosis prediction.

The specific power dian rhythm will be described with reference to FIG. Figure 5 shows an example of a power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability in the daily life of a 61-year-old woman. (A) shows the time series data of the ECG RR interval over 24 hours every 5 minutes. The figure obtained by spectrum analysis divided into the areas of (a) and (b) shows the time series data of the average RR interval.

As is evident from Fig. 5, during sleep at night, the heart rate decreases due to the decrease in sympathetic nervous activity and the increase in parasympathetic nervous activity, which reflects the low frequency component (LF) and high frequency component (LF). It can be seen that the power and amplitude of HF) increase significantly and the LFZHF ratio decreases. In addition, during awakening, autonomic nervous activity becomes active, which causes extrinsic influences such as physical stress, emotional stress, respiration, diet, and body position, and increases catecholamine concentration in plasma and cortisol. It has been found that endogenous circadian variability (Sian power rhythm) exists in living neuronal secretory factors such as various hormones. Of course, it has been found that many biological functions such as blood pressure and heart rate also have intrinsic endian rhythm. The present invention analyzes such various force dian rhythms and compares it with real-time detected heart rate and respiration data to identify not only the individual concerned but also the physical condition of the individual. It can also be determined.

FIG. 6 shows a small body movement detecting device 1 that is compact and improves the portable performance by taking the body movement detecting device 1. In the small body movement detecting device 1 according to this embodiment, the sensor 4 In addition to enclosing the piezoelectric generator 12 in the air pad 3 and externally forming it as a unit composed of only the air pad 3, the configuration of the air pad sensor and the piezoelectric generator itself is as described above. Since the configuration is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings as those used in FIGS. 2 and 3, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here. .

Since the small body motion detection device 1 according to this embodiment is cut out as described above, the pipe connecting the air pad 3 and the sensor 4 is connected to the piezoelectric generator 12 and the sensor 4. There is no need to expose the wiring connecting the air pad to the outside.As a result, it is possible to greatly reduce the cause of the decrease in the air pressure in the air pad 3 and to provide a structure that can withstand use over time, and It can be supplied as an ultra-small sensor device, greatly improving versatility.

The body motion detecting device 1 configured as described above is not particularly shown, except for being directly worn on the body of an individual.For example, the body motion detecting device 1 may be disposed on a seat belt or a driving seat of a vehicle, or may be provided on all parts other than the driver's seat. Seats and seat belts, or mattresses, futons, cushions, bedspreads, bed legs, sheets, pillows, clothes, eyewear, necklaces or belts and other accessories, sofas, cars By attaching it to the backrest or seat of a chair, the backrest or bed of a stretcher, a training machine, a collar, shoes, or other footwear, the heartbeat and breathing data can be obtained in a natural state without being noticed by the individual. Can be detected in real time.

The body motion detection device 1 according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but may be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course, further modifications can be made.

Industrial applicability

According to the present invention as set forth in claim 1, there is provided a body movement detecting device including: an air pad filled with air; and a sensor that detects a change in air pressure in the air pad. Since the detected heart rate data and / or respiratory data are compared with the reference heart rate data and / or reference respiratory data of the individual sampled in advance to identify the individual, the configuration is complicated. Individuals can be reliably identified with a sensor having a simple configuration without using a simple instrument.

According to the invention described in claim 2, since the data extracted from the force endian rhythm data is used as the reference heartbeat data and / or the reference respiration data of the individual, the body motion detection device By comparing the detected heart rate data and the resilience dian rhythm data corresponding to the detection time of the respiration data, the individual can be identified with high accuracy. According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the supportive dian rhythm data is configured to perform a spectral analysis of heart rate variability from three components of a low frequency component, a medium frequency component, and a high frequency component. Individual discrimination can be performed with higher accuracy.

In the invention according to claim 4, the reference force dian rhythm data includes at least reference heart rate data and Z or reference respiration data at about 6:00 AM, The detected heart rate data and / or respiration data at around 6:00 am are configured to be compared with the reference data, and the data at the time when the power change of the low-frequency component and the high-frequency component at night becomes maximum is recorded. By comparing, individual discrimination can be performed stably and quickly.

In the invention according to claim 5, when the individual has a respiratory disease such as a heart disease or asthma, the type of the onset time of the disease and Priority judgment criteria information consisting of heart rate and respiratory fluctuations is stored and stored, and the heart rate data and And / or respiratory data can be compared with this priority determination criterion information with the highest priority, and information unique to the individual can be compared with the highest priority. Thus, individual identification can be performed more quickly and with higher accuracy.

In the invention according to claim 6, the heartbeat data and / or respiration data detected by the body motion detection device, the reference heartbeat data and / or reference respiration data of the individual, and the individual is matched. If it is determined that they are the same individual, the heart rate data and / or respiration data detected by the body motion detection device should be updated and recorded as the latest reference heart rate data and Z or reference respiration data. With this configuration, individuals can be identified with extremely high accuracy using the latest data.

In the invention according to claim 7, at least one pair of the body motion detection devices is used, and the difference between the detection data from each of the body motion detection devices is calculated, so that the internal direction of the body is calculated. Since the individual is determined based on the heart rate data and / or respiration data at the detection position, it is possible to specify an individual having a disease or the like at a specific site with higher accuracy. In the invention described in claim 8, the device used for identifying an individual according to any one of claims 1 to 7 includes an air pad filled with air; A sensor that detects a change in air pressure in the air pad and a body movement detection device configured by connecting the air pad and the sensor unit in an air-tight manner are configured. The body motion can be detected in a natural state without causing any sensation, reliably and without giving extra tension, etc., and at a very low cost.

In the invention according to claim 9, since the air pad is formed by filling a sponge-like foamed polyurethane resin, the air pad can be held in an inflated state, As a result, changes in body movement can be detected reliably and in a stable state.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 10, the air pad is formed with a flow path to which an air pump for replenishing air pressure can be connected. A check valve is installed to prevent the air from flowing out of the air pad, so that it is possible to easily raise the pressure without special power even if the pressure in the air pad is reduced over time. As a result, it is possible to reliably detect body motion even when performing activities outdoors for a long time. In the invention according to claim 11, the sensor and the air pad are connected to each other via a pipe-shaped hollow member so that the air pad and the sensor are kept in an airtight state. As a result, even a slight change in body movement can be reliably and stably detected.

In the invention described in claims 12, since the sensor is sealed in the air pad, piping for communication connection is not required, and as a result, the number of parts is reduced and cost is reduced. Can be planned.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 13, the power source for operating the sensor is a power generation device using a piezoelectric element, so that the sensor can be operated without a power source. Free activities are guaranteed without being restricted by the power supply, and the piezoelectric generator is enclosed in an air pad and configured as described in claim 14. If the sensor described in the range 13 is also enclosed in the air pad, it can be easily and unobtrusively attached to the individual's body, clothes, accessories, seat belts, etc. Is greatly improved.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. Heart rate data and / or respiration data detected by a body movement detection device configured to include: an air pad filled with air; a sensor for detecting a change in air pressure in the air pad; A method of discriminating an individual by comparing the reference heart rate data and the Z or reference respiration data of the individual as a reference that has been collected in advance.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reference heart rate data and the Z or reference respiration data of the individual are data extracted from Sian power dian rhythm data.

3. The method for identifying an individual according to claim 2, wherein the supportive dian rhythm data detects a heart rate variability from a low frequency component, a medium frequency component, and a high frequency component.

4. The above-mentioned force-dian rhythm data includes at least the reference heart rate data and the Z or reference respiration data at about 6:00 am, and is detected at about 6:00 am by the body motion detection device. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the heart rate data and / or respiratory data is compared with the reference data.

5. If the individual has a disease of the respiratory system, such as a heart disease or asthma, the above-mentioned force-dian rhythm data contains the priority of the type of the onset time of the disease and the variation in heart rate and respiration. The judgment criterion information is stored and stored, and the heartbeat data and the Z or respiration data detected by the body motion detecting device are compared with the priority judgment criterion information with the highest priority.

A method for identifying an individual according to any one of Claim 2 and Claim 3.

6. When the heartbeat data and / or respiration data detected by the body motion detection device and the reference heartbeat data and / or reference respiration data of the individual match, and the individual is determined to be the same individual, The heartbeat data and / or respiration data detected by the body motion detection device are updated and recorded and stored as the latest reference heartbeat data and z or reference respiration data. Discriminate individuals listed in any of 5 Method.

7. By using at least one pair of the above-mentioned body motion detecting devices and calculating the difference between the detection data from each of these body motion detecting devices, the heart rate data and / or the respiration data at the detection position in the internal direction of the body can be obtained. A method for determining an individual according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the individual is determined based on the individual.

8. The device used for identifying an individual according to any one of claims 1 to 7 detects an air pad filled with air and a change in air pressure of the air pad 內. An individual discriminating device comprising: a body movement detecting device ft, which is formed by connecting the air pad and the sensor unit in an airtight manner with the sensor that performs the operation.

9. The individual discriminating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein urethane foam resin is sealed in the air pad.

10. The air pad is formed with a flow path to which an air pump for replenishing air pressure can be connected, and the flow path is provided with a check valve for preventing air from flowing out of the air pad. 10. The individual discriminating apparatus according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein:

11. The individual discriminating apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the sensor is connected to and communicated with an air pad via a hollow member.

12. The individual discriminating apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the sensor is sealed in an air pad.

13. The individual discriminating apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein a power supply for operating the sensor is a power generation device using a piezoelectric element.

14. The body movement detecting device according to claim 13, wherein the piezoelectric power generating device is sealed in the air pad.