WO2004095139A1 - 露光装置、露光方法、スタンパの製造方法及び光記録媒体の製造方法 - Google Patents
露光装置、露光方法、スタンパの製造方法及び光記録媒体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004095139A1 WO2004095139A1 PCT/JP2004/004466 JP2004004466W WO2004095139A1 WO 2004095139 A1 WO2004095139 A1 WO 2004095139A1 JP 2004004466 W JP2004004466 W JP 2004004466W WO 2004095139 A1 WO2004095139 A1 WO 2004095139A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- purge gas
- laser light
- intensity
- photodetector
- stamper
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
- G11B7/263—Preparing and using a stamper, e.g. pressing or injection molding substrates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to, for example, an exposure apparatus and an exposure method used for producing a master for producing an optical recording medium, a method for producing a stamper, and a method for producing an optical recording medium.
- a master for manufacturing an optical recording medium is generally applied with a photoresist on a glass substrate, exposing portions corresponding to pits and groups, and subjecting the exposed portions or unexposed portions to image processing and the like. The part is removed.
- EOM Electro-Optic Modulator
- Such an exposure apparatus generally includes a photodetector for measuring the intensity of laser light, and is used for controlling the intensity of laser light.
- a photodetector for measuring the intensity of laser light
- an acousto-optic modulator called AOM (Acousto-Optic Modul) may be used together with the electro-optic modulator.
- a laser beam having a short wavelength in the wavelength region of 200 to 350 nm may be required for precise exposure accompanying an increase in recording density of an optical recording medium.
- a deep ultraviolet laser having a wavelength of about 250 nm may be used.
- the electro-optic modulator is deteriorated, the light transmittance is reduced, a sufficient output is not obtained, and the exposure accuracy is sometimes reduced. Also, since the electro-optic modulator is expensive, there is a problem that replacing the deteriorated electro-optic modulator greatly increases the equipment cost.
- the installation position of the electro-optic modulator is shifted, there is a problem that the work is troublesome due to the adjustment of the optical axis and the like, so that the productivity is reduced and the reliability of the exposure is lacking.
- the photodetector when laser light having a wavelength range of 200 to 350 nm is used, the photodetector also deteriorates and the light transmittance is reduced, so that the intensity of the laser light cannot be measured accurately. In some cases, the control of the intensity of the laser beam becomes inappropriate and the desired exposure cannot be obtained.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the electro-optical modulator and the like are not easily deteriorated even when a short wavelength laser beam having a wavelength range of 200 to 350 nm is used.
- an exposure apparatus, an exposure method, a method of manufacturing a stamper using the same, and a method of manufacturing an optical recording medium It is an object to provide a manufacturing method.
- the present invention limits the deterioration of the electro-optic modulator and the like by supplying a purge gas around the electro-optic modulator and the like.
- the mechanism by which the degradation of the electro-optical modulator or the like is limited by supplying the purge gas around the electro-optical modulator or the like is not necessarily clear, but is generally estimated as follows.
- Degradation of the electro-optic modulator due to laser light is considered to occur when the energy of the laser beam is supplied and the moisture in the air reacts with the electro-optic modulator. Since the wavelength of light was relatively long and the energy density was low, energy was not supplied just enough to cause the electro-optic modulator and the like to react with moisture in the air. Since the use of a short laser beam has increased the energy density, sufficient energy has been supplied to react the electro-optical modulator and the like in the air, and the deterioration of the electro-optical modulator and the like has occurred. It is thought that it became.
- the present invention is particularly effective when using a laser beam having a wavelength range of 200 to 300 nm or less.
- the apparatus according to (1) or (1) further comprising: a photodetector for measuring the intensity of the laser beam, wherein the purge gas supply unit supplies a purge gas around the photodetector. 2) Exposure equipment.
- An exposure apparatus comprising: a purge gas supply unit for performing purge gas.
- a cover that covers a light incident portion of the photodetector and that is open near an optical path of the laser beam, wherein the purge gas supply unit supplies the purge gas into the cover.
- An exposure method comprising: a laser light intensity modulation step of performing irradiation; and an exposure step of exposing a workpiece by irradiating the workpiece with laser light having the modulated intensity.
- the laser light intensity modulation step at least one of the light input portion and the light output portion of the electro-optic modulator is operated such that the vicinity of the optical path of the laser light is opened.
- the intensity of the laser light is measured by the photodetector while supplying a purge gas around the photodetector, and the intensity of the laser light is modulated based on the measurement result.
- the purge gas may be supplied into the cover while covering a light incident portion of the photodetector with a cover such that an optical path of the laser light is opened.
- any one of nitrogen gas and dry air is supplied as the purge gas.
- laser light is not limited to electromagnetic waves in the visible region, but is used in a sense that includes electromagnetic waves in the invisible region.
- FIG. 1 shows an outline of the overall structure of an exposure apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram shown typically.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view around an electro-optic modulator in an exposure apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view around a photodetector in an exposure apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the output ratio to the initial output of the electro-optic modulator and the number of days of use according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the displayed value of the photodetector and the number of days of use with respect to the actual intensity of the laser beam in the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the output ratio of the electro-optical modulator to the initial output and the number of days used in the comparative example.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the displayed value of the photodetector and the number of days of use with respect to the actual intensity of the laser beam in the comparative example.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the exposure apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an outline of a procedure for manufacturing the optical recording medium according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional side view schematically showing the structure of the starting body for processing a master according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional side view schematically showing a working intermediate of the master exposed to a predetermined pattern.
- FIG. 12 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the master on which the concavo-convex pattern is formed.
- FIG. 13 is a side sectional view schematically showing a state where a conductive film is formed on the master.
- FIG. 14 is a side sectional view schematically showing a state in which an electrolytic plating layer is formed on the conductive film.
- FIG. 15 is a side sectional view schematically showing a state in which the electrolytic plating layer and the conductive film are separated from the master.
- FIG. 16 is a side sectional view schematically showing a structure of a stamper manufactured from the master.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional side view schematically showing an injection molding process of a substrate using the same stamper.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of an optical recording medium including the substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing an outline of the overall structure of an exposure apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus 10 is used to measure a laser oscillator 12, a laser light modulator 14 for modulating the intensity of laser light, and an irradiation position on the master 16 based on the reflected light from the master 16. And an irradiation position measuring unit 18.
- the exposure apparatus 10 is characterized by comprising a purge gas supply means 22 for supplying a purge gas around the electro-optic modulator 20 constituting the laser light modulator 14.
- a purge gas supply means 22 for supplying a purge gas around the electro-optic modulator 20 constituting the laser light modulator 14.
- the laser oscillator 12 is configured to oscillate deep ultraviolet laser light having a wavelength of approximately 250 nm (within a range of 200 to 350 nm).
- a beam splitter 24 and a mirror 26 are arranged between the laser oscillator 12 and the electro-optic modulator 20 so that the laser beam is reflected and guided in this order.
- beam pre jitter 2 4 is formed of a half mirror that transmits part of the incident laser beam, a mirror 2 8 on the optical path of the laser beam over permeability of the beam pre-jitter 2 4
- the photodetector 30 is disposed on the optical path of the reflected light of the mirror 28.
- the laser light modulator 14 includes the electro-optic modulator 20, a polarization beam splitter 32, a beam splitter 34: a reduction lens 36, an acousto-optic modulator 38, and a magnifying lens 4. 0 and are configured to guide the laser light in this order.
- the beam splitter 34 is configured by a half mirror that reflects a part of the laser light, emits the laser light to the reduction lens 36, and transmits a part of the laser light, and transmits the beam splitter 34.
- a photodetector 41 is provided on the optical path of the laser light.
- the electro-optic modulator 20 includes an electric signal oscillator (not shown) for oscillating an electric signal to adjust the refractive index of the electro-optic modulator 20.
- the acousto-optic modulator 38 includes An ultrasonic signal oscillator (not shown) for oscillating an ultrasonic signal for adjusting the refractive index of the acousto-optic modulator 38 is provided.
- the beam splitter 42 includes a half mirror that reflects a part of the laser light, emits it to the shutter 44, and transmits a part of the laser light, and transmits the laser light that passes through the beam splitter 42.
- a photodetector 53 is provided on the optical path.
- a part of the laser light applied to the master 16 is reflected by the master 16 and enters the beam splitter 46 along the reverse path, but does not pass through the beam splitter 46 and does not pass through.
- the light is reflected by the beam splitter 46.
- a mirror 54 and a mirror are arranged so as to guide the reflected light in this order.
- the irradiation position measuring section 18 is provided with a neutral density filter 58, a reduction lens 60, and a CID (Charge Injection Device) element 62 in this order, and irradiates with the CID element 62. It is configured to detect the position.
- a neutral density filter 58 a neutral density filter 58
- a reduction lens 60 a reduction lens 60
- a CID (Charge Injection Device) element 62 in this order, and irradiates with the CID element 62. It is configured to detect the position.
- the purge gas supply means 22 includes a cylinder 64 for storing a nitrogen gas (purge gas), a nozzle 66 arranged near the electro-optic modulator 20, and a neighborhood of the acousto-optic modulator 38.
- the nozzles 68 provided, the nozzles 70 provided near the photodetectors 30, the nozzles 72 provided near the photodetectors 41, and the photodetectors 53 It has a nozzle 74 disposed in the vicinity and a pipe 76 connecting these nozzles. .
- the electro-optic modulator 20, the acousto-optic modulator 38, and the purging gas supply means 22 from the cylinder 64 of the purging gas supply via the pipe 76 and the nozzles 66, 68, 70, 72, 74. Nitrogen gas is continuously supplied around the photodetectors 30, 41, and 53.
- a laser beam is oscillated from the laser oscillator 12 (S 102) 6
- the oscillated laser beam is reflected by the beam splitter 24 and the mirror 26 and is reflected by the electro-optic modulator 20 ′.
- Light is incident, and the intensity is modulated (S104).
- the laser light whose intensity has been modulated is emitted to the polarization beam splitter 32.
- a part of the laser light incident on the beam splitter 24 is transmitted through the beam splitter 24, reflected on the mirror 28, and is incident on the photodetector 30.
- the electro-optic modulator 20 and the photo detector 30 are covered with nitrogen gas so that they are hardly in contact with the moisture in the air and short wavelength with high energy density Is hard to react with moisture in the air even if the laser beam is incident. That is, deterioration is suppressed.
- the laser light transmitted through the electro-optic modulator 20 further passes through the polarization beam splitter 32 and is reflected by the beam splitter 34, and the diameter of the laser beam is reduced by the reduction lens 36.
- the laser beam is incident on 8, the intensity is modulated and emitted to the enlarged lens 40, and restored to a parallel laser beam. Note that a part of the laser light that has entered the beam splitter 34 passes through the beam splitter 34 and enters the photodetector 41.
- the laser light transmitted through the magnifying lens 40 is reflected by the beam splitter 42 in the direction of the shutter 44. Part of the laser light that has entered the beam splitter 42 also passes through the beam splitter 42 and enters the photodetector 53.
- the acousto-optic modulator 38, the photodetector 41, and the photodetector 53 are also short-wavelength laser beams with high energy density because the surroundings are also covered with nitrogen gas, making it difficult to come into contact with moisture in the air. Deterioration is suppressed even if incident.
- the laser light modulator 14 can realize various modes of modulation by modulating the laser light in two steps in the electro-optic modulator 20 and the acousto-optic modulator 38.
- the electro-optic modulator 20 removes laser light noise to maintain the intensity of the laser beam in a stable state, and the acousto-optic modulator 38 adjusts the optical recording medium pit or group. The strength corresponding to the pattern can be given.
- the electro-optic modulator 20 can give the intensity corresponding to the pattern of the pit or group of the optical recording medium, and the acoustic-optic modulator 38 can precisely adjust the intensity of the laser beam.
- the photodetectors 30 and 41 measure the intensity of the laser light before and after the modulation in the electro-optic modulator 20, and measure the electric power applied to the electro-optic modulator 20. The signal can be feedback controlled.
- the photodetectors 41, 53 measure the intensity of the laser beam before and after modulation in the acousto-optic modulator 38, and feedback control the ultrasonic signal applied to the acousto-optic modulator 38. can do. Since the deterioration of the photodetectors 30, 41, 53 is suppressed, the modulation in the electro-optic modulator 20 and the acousto-optic modulator 38 can be precisely controlled.
- the laser beam transmitted through the shutter 44 passes through the beam splitter 46, is adjusted in diameter by the beam expander 48, is reflected by the mirror 50, and is further narrowed by the reduction lens 52.
- the master 16 is irradiated (S106). Since the deterioration of the electro-optic modulator 20 and the acousto-optic modulator 38 is suppressed, the master 16 is irradiated with laser light of a desired intensity without fail, and the photo resist on the master 16 is reduced. Exposure can be performed precisely and reliably to a desired pattern. -A part of the laser light applied to the master 16 is reflected by the master 16 and enters the beam splitter 46 via the reduction lens 52, the mirror 50, and the beam expander 48.
- the light is reflected by the beam splitter 46.
- the laser light reflected by the beam splitter 46 is further reflected by the mirrors 54 and 56, enters the neutral density filter 58, and is uniformly weakened in intensity.
- the laser light transmitted through the dual density filter 58 has its diameter reduced by the reduction lens 60 and is incident on the CID element 62.
- the CID element 62 detects the irradiation position. The irradiation position is corrected based on this detection result.
- a master 16 is produced (S202).
- the master 16 is coated with a photoresist 16B on a glass substrate 16A by spin coating or the like as shown in FIG. 10, and is exposed to a group as shown in FIG. 11 by the above-described exposure method.
- the photoresist 16B is irradiated with a laser beam in a pattern corresponding to the spiral orbit, developed, and the exposed portion of the photoresist 16B is removed as shown in Fig. 12 to form a K-convex pattern. It is obtained by doing.
- the non-exposed portion may be removed using a negative photoresist to form an uneven pattern.
- a stamper 92 is manufactured using the master 16 (S204).
- a colloidal catalyst containing tin and palladium chloride is applied on the uneven pattern of the master 16 by a spin coating method, and the tin is removed by washing with an acid.
- palladium is deposited on the surface of the master 16.
- the palladium acts as a catalyst to deposit nickel.
- the nickel thus precipitated acts as a catalyst, and nickel is continuously deposited, forming a conductive film 92A on the master 16 as shown in FIG.
- the master 16 was immersed in a nickel sulfamate solution, and the conductive film 92A was used as an electrode to conduct electricity, thereby growing a nickel film, and an electrolytic plating layer as shown in FIG. 14 was obtained.
- Form 9 2 B the electrolytic plating layer 92 B and the conductive film 92 A are integrally peeled off from the master 16.
- the photoresist 16B is also integrally separated from the glass substrate 16A. By cleaning the photoresist 16B, a stamper 92 as shown in FIG. 16 is obtained.
- an optical recording medium is manufactured using the stamper 92 (S206).
- a stamper 92 is provided in a mold 96 and a resin material is injection-molded to obtain a substrate 94 as shown in FIG.
- a concavo-convex pattern equal to that of the master 16 is formed.
- a functional layer such as a reflective layer and a recording layer
- a functional layer such as a reflective layer and a recording layer
- a light-transmitting cover layer 97 optical recording is performed.
- a medium 98 is obtained.
- stamper 92 as a metal master
- a nickel film is formed on the stamper 92 in the same manner as the formation of the electrolytic plating layer 92B, and the concave and convex pattern is transferred and peeled off. Stampers can also be made. If a substrate is formed using this stamper, an uneven pattern reverse to that of the master 16 can be formed on the substrate of the optical recording medium.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a structure around the electro-optic modulator 20 of the second embodiment.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a cover 80A that covers the light entrance section 20A of the electro-optic modulator 2.0 and a cover 80B that covers the light exit section 20B are provided.
- the purge gas supply means 22 supplies nitrogen gas into the covers 80A and 8OB.
- Each of the covers 80A and 80B is open near the optical path of the laser light so as not to block the laser light.
- the purge gas supply means 22 includes nozzles 66A and 66B communicating with the covers 80A and 80B.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description is omitted. '
- the diffusion of the nitrogen gas is restricted and the light entrance section 20 A is formed.
- the periphery of the light emitting portion 20B can be reliably filled with the nitrogen gas, and the deterioration of the light incident portion 20A and the light emitting portion 20B can be reliably prevented.
- the nitrogen gas is difficult to diffuse, the consumption of the nitrogen gas can be suppressed, and the operating cost can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a structure around the photodetector 30 of the third embodiment. ..
- the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the cover 90A covers the light incident portion 30A of the photodetector 30 and has an opening near the optical path of the laser beam.
- the provided nozzle 7 0 of the purge gas supply means 2 2 communicates with the cover 9 0 is characterized in that so as to supply the nitrogen gas into the cover 9 within 0.
- the photodetectors 41 and 53 are also provided with covers in the same manner, but the configuration and configuration are the same as those of the photodetector 30, and a description and illustration thereof will be omitted.
- the configuration other than the periphery of each photodetector is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description is omitted.
- the periphery of the light entrance 30A of the photodetector 30 can be reliably filled with the nitrogen gas by limiting the diffusion of the nitrogen gas.
- the deterioration of the light incident portion 30 A can be reliably prevented.
- the consumption of nitrogen gas can be suppressed, and the operating cost can be reduced.
- the photodetectors 41 and 53 similarly to the second embodiment, the periphery of the light entrance 30A of the photodetector 30 can be reliably filled with the nitrogen gas by limiting the diffusion of the nitrogen gas.
- the deterioration of the light incident portion 30 A can be reliably prevented.
- the consumption of nitrogen gas can be suppressed, and the operating cost can be reduced.
- the photodetectors 41 and 53 are the same applies to the photodetectors 41 and 53.
- the purge gas supply means 22 supplies nitrogen gas around the electro-optic modulator 20, the acousto-optic modulator 38, the photodetectors 3 Q, 41, and 53.
- the present invention is not limited to this. When only a part of these elements is easily degraded and the others are not easily degraded, the nitrogen gas is supplied to the easily degraded element. It is also possible to provide a configuration in which only nozzles are provided and other nozzles are omitted.
- the photodetectors 30, 41, 53 are hardly deteriorated
- the photodetectors 30, 41, 5 The nozzle for supplying the nitrogen gas around 3 may be omitted.
- the photodetectors 30, 41, 53 and the acousto-optic modulator 38 are easily deteriorated and the electro-optic modulator 20 is hardly deteriorated
- the nitrogen gas is surrounded around the electro-optic modulator 20.
- the nozzle for supplying the nozzle may be omitted.
- the purge gas supply means 22 is configured to supply nitrogen gas from the common cylinder 64 to each of the nozzles 66, 72, etc. It is not limited to this. A configuration may be adopted in which a nitrogen gas is supplied to each of the nozzles 66, 72, etc. by a plurality of systems. That is, the configuration of the purge gas supply means is not particularly limited as long as nitrogen gas is supplied to the periphery of the electro-optic modulator 20 and the acousto-optic modulator 38 and the like, and the air contacting them can be reduced.
- nitrogen gas is used as the purge gas.
- the present invention is not limited to this. If the gas does not contain moisture, for example, carbon dioxide gas, dry air Alternatively, another purge gas may be used.
- the exposure apparatus 10 is used for producing a master 16 for producing an optical recording medium, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the application is not particularly limited as long as the exposure is performed by a laser beam having a wavelength region of 200 to 350 nm.
- nitrogen gas is supplied around the electro-optic modulator 20 and the photodetectors 30, 41, and 53 at a flow rate of about 5 liter / minute, and the wavelength is supplied from the laser oscillator 12. Oscillated a deep ultraviolet laser of about 250 nm. The positions of the electro-optic modulator 20 and the photo detectors 30, 41, and 53 were fixed.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the output ratio of the electro-optic modulator 20 to the initial output and the number of days used.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the displayed value of the photodetector 30. and the number of days of use with respect to the actual intensity of the laser beam.
- a deep ultraviolet laser having a wavelength of about 250 nm was oscillated from the laser oscillator 12 without supplying nitrogen gas around the electro-optic modulator 20 and the photodetectors 30, 41, 53. Other conditions were the same as those in the above-described embodiment.
- Figure 6 shows the output ratio of the electro-optic modulator 20 to the initial output and the number of days used.
- 6 is a graph showing a relationship with the graph.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the display value of the photodetector 30 and the number of days of use with respect to the actual intensity of the laser beam.
- FIG. 4 and FIG. The decrease of the output of 0 is about 40% of the decrease of the output of the electro-optical modulator 20 of the comparative example. You can see that it is.
- the photodetector 30 of the comparative example tends to have a lower display value with an increase in the number of days used, whereas the photodetector 30 of the embodiment has a slightly lower display value. Although there is variation, the displayed value does not tend to decrease with the number of days of use, indicating that the deterioration of the photodetector 30 is prevented.
- This invention can be utilized for the exposure apparatus used for manufacture of the master for manufacturing an optical recording medium, etc., for example.
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JP2005505699A JPWO2004095139A1 (ja) | 2003-04-22 | 2004-03-29 | 露光装置、露光方法、スタンパの製造方法及び光記録媒体の製造方法 |
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JP2003117404 | 2003-04-22 | ||
JP2003-117404 | 2003-04-22 |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS565118U (ja) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-17 | ||
JPH0911351A (ja) * | 1995-07-04 | 1997-01-14 | Teijin Ltd | 光ディスク原盤露光装置 |
JP2001014737A (ja) * | 1999-06-28 | 2001-01-19 | Hitachi Ltd | 原盤露光装置及び方法 |
JP2002373849A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-26 | Canon Inc | 露光装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-03-29 JP JP2005505699A patent/JPWO2004095139A1/ja active Pending
- 2004-03-29 WO PCT/JP2004/004466 patent/WO2004095139A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-04-15 TW TW093110525A patent/TW200506923A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS565118U (ja) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-17 | ||
JPH0911351A (ja) * | 1995-07-04 | 1997-01-14 | Teijin Ltd | 光ディスク原盤露光装置 |
JP2001014737A (ja) * | 1999-06-28 | 2001-01-19 | Hitachi Ltd | 原盤露光装置及び方法 |
JP2002373849A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-26 | Canon Inc | 露光装置 |
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TW200506923A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
JPWO2004095139A1 (ja) | 2006-07-13 |
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