WO2004092532A1 - A downhole-drilling tool with high-pressure and continuous-flow jet and a method for breaking the rock - Google Patents

A downhole-drilling tool with high-pressure and continuous-flow jet and a method for breaking the rock Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004092532A1
WO2004092532A1 PCT/CN2004/000352 CN2004000352W WO2004092532A1 WO 2004092532 A1 WO2004092532 A1 WO 2004092532A1 CN 2004000352 W CN2004000352 W CN 2004000352W WO 2004092532 A1 WO2004092532 A1 WO 2004092532A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
jet
turbine
pump
axial flow
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PCT/CN2004/000352
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Feng Jin
Zhonghou Shen
Weiqun Sun
Fangyuan Peng
Kexian Deng
Yang Shi
Jianjun He
Ren Pang
Original Assignee
Feng Jin
Zhonghou Shen
Weiqun Sun
Fangyuan Peng
Kexian Deng
Yang Shi
Jianjun He
Ren Pang
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Application filed by Feng Jin, Zhonghou Shen, Weiqun Sun, Fangyuan Peng, Kexian Deng, Yang Shi, Jianjun He, Ren Pang filed Critical Feng Jin
Priority to CA002555075A priority Critical patent/CA2555075A1/en
Priority to CN200480010363.8A priority patent/CN1774558B/en
Publication of WO2004092532A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004092532A1/en
Priority to US11/251,373 priority patent/US20060113114A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool and a rock breaking method thereof. Background technique
  • Chinese utility model patent ZL96207357.1 discloses an ultra-high-pressure downhole pulse jet turbocharger.
  • the turbocharger is provided with a two-stage turbocharged progressive drilling tool.
  • a turbocharger is provided under the turbodrilling tool Hydraulic cylinder.
  • the drilling fluid enters the inlet of the hydraulic cylinder through the turbine, and after being pressurized by the hydraulic cylinder, a pulsating ultra-high pressure jet is ejected from the nozzle to break the rock. Jet pressure reaches 100-200Mpa
  • This pulsating jet turbocharger cannot provide continuous high-pressure jets, so rock breaking efficiency is low.
  • the hydraulic cylinder uses a gap seal, the particle size of the cuttings in the drilling fluid is required to be very small. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly filter the drilling fluid before entering the high pressure jet drilling tool.
  • the space in the cylinder barrel is isolated from the outside drilling fluid, so the pressurization efficiency is low and it is easy to damage.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,819,745 discloses a pulse jet device for a drill pipe.
  • This device includes a turbine device, and a directional valve is arranged under the turbine device to close or open the outlet of the turbine device. The on and off formation of the pulse jet.
  • the pulsed jet device according to US Pat. No. 4,819,745 cannot provide a continuous flow of high-pressure rock breaking jets.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool,
  • the drilling tool can generate a continuous flow of high-pressure jets downhole to achieve rock breaking and removal of cuttings, which can increase the drilling speed.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet rock breaking method.
  • the high-pressure fluid center pressure will be lower than the vaporization pressure, so that the continuous high-pressure high-pressure jet will form a local negative pressure at the bottom of the well. So as to achieve the purpose of improving drilling speed.
  • a downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool includes a drill rod, a filtering device, a turbine device, a centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump, and a drill bit, and the drill rod is driven by a surface turntable or a top driving device.
  • a drill bit is provided at the bottom of the drill pipe.
  • a high-pressure jet nozzle and a low-pressure jet nozzle are provided on the drill bit.
  • a filter device, a turbine device, and a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump are sequentially arranged inside the drill pipe along the axis of the drill pipe.
  • the turbine unit with hollow shaft, the hollow shaft means and filtering means connected to the turbine,.
  • the inner diameter of the hollow shaft of the turbine device of the downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool is substantially aligned with the inner diameter of the casing of the centrifugal pump or the axial flow pump.
  • annulus is formed between the inner wall of the drill pipe and the outer wall of the centrifugal pump or the axial flow pump.
  • the high-pressure jet nozzle on the drill bit is connected to a centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump.
  • the low-pressure jet nozzle on the drill bit is used to form circulating circulation of drilling fluid.
  • the low-pressure jet nozzle is installed on the existing drill bit. Inside the cavity.
  • the turbine device is a multi-stage turbine group, and the turbine groups of each stage are connected in series to the hollow shaft.
  • the turbine device is composed of multi-stage turbine sections.
  • the centrifugal pump or the axial-flow pump is mostly Centrifugal pump or axial flow pump.
  • a drilling fluid purification device adopts a cyclone device and is composed of a spiral blade fixed on an inner wall of a drill pipe.
  • the drilling fluid purification device is composed of a spiral blade fixed on a driving shaft.
  • a downhole high pressure continuous flow jet rock breaking method which is based on Bernoulli's principle, the sum of the dynamic pressure and the static pressure at any point of the fluid is zero, and the central liquid pressure of the high pressure jet can be As low as the vaporization pressure, a high-pressure jet with a certain displacement will form a local negative pressure zone at the bottom of the well, and the rock within it will expand and break under its own pore pressure to achieve rock breaking and destroy the "holding effect" in the drilling process. Removal of cuttings to increase drilling speed.
  • the downhole high pressure continuous flow jet rock breaking method includes the following steps:
  • a multi-stage turbine section turbine device is used as a drilling motor, and the drilling fluid is used to rotate the multi-stage turbine section, thereby driving the multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump to rotate, and pressurizing the drilling fluid flowing into the centrifugal pump or axial flow pump. To make the drilling fluid pressure at 20-40Mpa;
  • the invention is based on the Bernoulli principle.
  • the sum of the dynamic pressure and the static pressure at any point of the fluid is zero.
  • the central liquid pressure of the high-pressure jet can be as low as the vaporization pressure. Therefore, a high-pressure jet with a certain displacement forms a local negative pressure zone at the bottom of the well.
  • the rock within it will expand and break under its own pore pressure to achieve rock breaking, and destroy the "holding effect" in the drilling process to remove the cuttings to improve the drilling speed.
  • This is fundamentally different from the previous downhole pressurized rock breaking drilling mechanism.
  • the previous downhole pressurized rock breaking was designed based on the impact of a high pressure jet to break the rock. Therefore, the high pressure jet should be pressurized in design.
  • the turbine is not used to directly drive the drill bit to rotate, but to drive a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump to pressurize part of the drilling fluid. It is particularly pointed out that this part of the drilling fluid pressurized by the multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump passes through the hollow shaft from the top of the turbine and enters the multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump, which reduces pressure loss and improves system efficiency. .
  • the filtering requirements for the drilling fluid are lower than those required when the drilling fluid is pressurized with a hydraulic cylinder.
  • multi-stage centrifugal pumps or axial flow pumps can provide continuous high-pressure jets.
  • the thrust bearing of the present invention can completely seal the drilling fluid without using a rubber seal, it can adapt to the working conditions of higher temperatures in the well ⁇
  • the low-pressure nozzle of the present invention is installed in the existing cavity of the drill bit, the maximum cross-section of the drilling fluid can be ensured, and the drilling fluid can flow back smoothly.
  • This technical measure reduces the requirements of the present invention for ground equipment, and also reduces the sealing requirements of the present invention for a drilling tool.
  • a high-pressure nozzle needs to be installed on the drill bit, and the outlet of the multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump needs to be installed on the drill bit. Hermetically connected. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the working principle of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a high-pressure continuous jet that can be generated downhole.
  • Downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool which includes a drill pipe 1, a drilling fluid filtering device 2, a turbine device 4 using a hollow shaft 3, a thrust bearing 5 supporting the output end of the turbine hollow shaft 3, and a plurality of driven by the turbine hollow shaft 3.
  • Stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump 6 the suction port 62 of the centrifugal pump or axial flow pump 6 is connected to the hollow hollow shaft 3 in a rotationally sealed manner; a drill bit 7 connected to the lower end of the drill rod 1 is provided with a low-pressure jet nozzle 71 and a high pressure The jet nozzle 72 and the drill rod 1 are driven by a surface turntable or a top driving device.
  • the hollow shaft 3 is also the suction port of a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump 6.
  • the drilling tools are sequentially arranged inside the drill pipe along the axial direction of the drill pipe 1 so that the turbine device 4 drives a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump 6.
  • the drilling fluid enters from the inlet 21 of the filtering device 2.
  • the filtered part of the drilling fluid enters the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump 6 from the top of the turbine 41 through the hollow shaft 3 (as shown by the dotted arrow in FIG. 2). It reaches 20-30Mpa and exits from the high-pressure jet nozzle 72 on the drill.
  • Most of the remaining drilling fluid (shown by the solid line in FIG. 2) is driven by the turbine 41 to rotate, and is ejected from the low pressure jet nozzle ⁇ on the drill bit through the annulus 9 of the drill pipe and the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump. , As shown in Figure 3.
  • the turbine device 4 is used as a drilling motor.
  • the drilling motor may be composed of a multi-stage turbine joint and a hollow shaft.
  • the 9 turbine is rotated by the drilling fluid and drives the hollow shaft to rotate, thereby generating rotation.
  • a thrust bearing box is fixed on the inner wall of the drill pipe, and the hollow shaft of the drilling motor is supported by the thrust bearing, and the rotary torque of the hollow shaft is transmitted to the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump, and the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump is driven 6 rotation; multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump 6 pressurizes the drilling fluid from the hollow shaft of the motor, and ejects this part of the drilling fluid at high pressure from the drill bit, hits the rock downhole, and the filtered drilling fluid The pressure forms a continuous jet.
  • the drilling fluid purification device may adopt a cyclone device, which is composed of spiral blades fixed on the inner wall of the drill pipe, the blade angle is large, and the pressure loss to the drilling fluid is small.
  • the drilling fluid moves along the spiral blade, it forms a centrifugal rotation, so that large-diameter particles in the drilling fluid flow around the periphery of the drilling fluid purification device.
  • the annulus between the centrifugal pump and the drill pipe is ejected from the low-pressure nozzle of the drill bit; the drilling fluid flowing at the center is purified to a certain degree, and the diameter of the solid phase particles is small, which flows directly to the multistage centrifugal pump through the hollow shaft of the drilling motor.
  • the inside of the axial flow pump this part of the drilling fluid does not pass through the motor turbine, the pressure loss is very small), after being pressurized, it is ejected from the high-pressure nozzle of the drill bit.
  • the drilling fluid purification device may also be composed of spiral blades fixed on a drive shaft, driven by a drilling motor, and rotated at a certain speed to purify the drilling fluid, achieving the same effect as described above.
  • the direction of the spiral blades should be the same as the direction of the drilling motor turbine blades.
  • the shape of the turbine blade matches the flow, speed and pressure drop of the drilling fluid passing through the turbine; part of the clean drilling fluid passing through the purification device enters the hollow shaft through the upper inlet of the hollow shaft. This part of the drilling fluid has a small pressure drop because it does not pass through the turbine. It then enters the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump through the outlet of the hollow shaft.
  • the wall thickness of the hollow shaft should meet the strength requirements of the transmitted torque, and the inner diameter should meet the flow requirements of the high-pressure jet ⁇

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a downhole-drilling tool with high-pressure and continuous-flow jet and a method for breaking the rock. The downhole-drilling tool includes a drill pipe, filter, turbine unit, centrifugal pump or axial flow pump and drill bit. The drill pipe is driven by ground rotary table or top driving unit and is provided at its bottom with a drill bit. A high-pressure jet nozzle and a low-pressure jet nozzle is mounted on the drill bit. A filter, a turbine unit and a multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump are arranged sequently in the direction of the axes of drill pipe inside of the drill pipe. The said turbine unit has a hollow shaft that is connected with the filter. The input end of the pump's shaft is connected with output end of the hollow shaft. The invention can create continuous jet stream with high-pressure down the hole to break the rock and clean the debris so that the drilling speed is increased.

Description

一种井下高压连续流喷射钻具及其破岩方法 技术领域  Downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool and rock breaking method thereof
本发明涉及一种井下高压连续流喷射钻具及其破岩方法。 背景技术  The invention relates to a downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool and a rock breaking method thereof. Background technique
中国实用新型专利 ZL96207357.1 公开了一种超高压井下脉 冲射流增压器， 该增压器设有两级涡轮增压逐动的钻具， 在涡轮 钻具的下面设有一个用于增压的液压缸。 钻井液经涡轮进入液压 缸的入口 , 再经液压缸增压后从喷嘴射出脉动超高压射流破岩。 射流压力达到 100-200Mpa„  Chinese utility model patent ZL96207357.1 discloses an ultra-high-pressure downhole pulse jet turbocharger. The turbocharger is provided with a two-stage turbocharged progressive drilling tool. A turbocharger is provided under the turbodrilling tool Hydraulic cylinder. The drilling fluid enters the inlet of the hydraulic cylinder through the turbine, and after being pressurized by the hydraulic cylinder, a pulsating ultra-high pressure jet is ejected from the nozzle to break the rock. Jet pressure reaches 100-200Mpa
这种脉动射流增压器不能提供连续流态的高压射流， 因此破 岩效率低。 由于液压缸采用间隙密封， 所以要求钻井液中所舍钻 屑的粒径非常小.。 因此， 需要对钻井液进行严格过滤后才能进入 这种高压喷射钻具。 另外， 由于在使用液压缸进行增压的过程中， 缸筒内的空间与外界钻井液隔绝， 因而增压效率低，且易于损坏。  This pulsating jet turbocharger cannot provide continuous high-pressure jets, so rock breaking efficiency is low. Because the hydraulic cylinder uses a gap seal, the particle size of the cuttings in the drilling fluid is required to be very small. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly filter the drilling fluid before entering the high pressure jet drilling tool. In addition, in the process of using a hydraulic cylinder for pressurization, the space in the cylinder barrel is isolated from the outside drilling fluid, so the pressurization efficiency is low and it is easy to damage.
中国专利申请 CN §910178Ι. 公开了一种用于钻杆内的增压 装置， 这种增压装置由涡轮组成， 这种增压装置不能提供具有足 够压力的破岩射流。  Chinese patent application CN §910178I. Discloses a pressure boosting device for use in a drill pipe. This pressure boosting device consists of a turbine. This pressure boosting device cannot provide a rock breaking jet with sufficient pressure.
美国专利 US4, 819, 745公开了一种用于钻杆中脉沖射流装 置， 这种装置包括一个涡轮装置， 在涡轮装置下设置一个换向阀 用于关闭或打开涡轮装置的出口, 换向阀的开启和关闭形成了脉 冲射流。与采用增压缸增加钻井液的压力一样，根据美国专利 US4 819， 745的脉冲射流装置也不能提供连续流态的高压破岩射流。 发明内容  U.S. Patent No. 4,819,745 discloses a pulse jet device for a drill pipe. This device includes a turbine device, and a directional valve is arranged under the turbine device to close or open the outlet of the turbine device. The on and off formation of the pulse jet. As with the use of booster cylinders to increase the pressure of the drilling fluid, the pulsed jet device according to US Pat. No. 4,819,745 cannot provide a continuous flow of high-pressure rock breaking jets. Summary of the Invention
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 该钻具能够在井下产生连续流态的高压射流， 达到破岩与清除岩 屑的作用， 其可提高钻井速度。 An object of the present invention is to provide a downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool, The drilling tool can generate a continuous flow of high-pressure jets downhole to achieve rock breaking and removal of cuttings, which can increase the drilling speed.
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种井下高压连续流喷射破岩 方法， 依据伯努利原理， 高速流体中心压力将低于汽化压力， 使 连续流态的高压射流在井底形成局部负压， 从而达到提高钻井速 度的目的。  Another object of the present invention is to provide a downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet rock breaking method. According to the Bernoulli principle, the high-pressure fluid center pressure will be lower than the vaporization pressure, so that the continuous high-pressure high-pressure jet will form a local negative pressure at the bottom of the well. So as to achieve the purpose of improving drilling speed.
本发明的第一目的是这样实现的： 一种井下高压连续流喷射 钻具， 包括钻杆、 过滤装置、 涡轮装置、 离心泵或轴流泵和钻头， 钻杆由地面转盘或顶部驱动装置驱动， 在钻杆的底部设有钻头， 钻头上设置有高压射流喷嘴和低压射流喷嘴， 在钻杆的内部沿钻 杆的轴线依次设置有过滤装置、涡轮装置和多级离心泵或轴流泵， 所述涡轮装置采用空心轴， 过滤装置与涡轮装置的空心轴相连, .离心泵或轴流泵的轴输入端与涡轮装置空心轴的输出端相连 β 所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其涡轮装置的空心轴的输 出端由止推轴承支撑， 离心泵或轴流泵的轴输入端与涡轮装置空 心轴输出端通过止推轴承连接。 The first object of the present invention is achieved as follows: A downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool includes a drill rod, a filtering device, a turbine device, a centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump, and a drill bit, and the drill rod is driven by a surface turntable or a top driving device. A drill bit is provided at the bottom of the drill pipe. A high-pressure jet nozzle and a low-pressure jet nozzle are provided on the drill bit. A filter device, a turbine device, and a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump are sequentially arranged inside the drill pipe along the axis of the drill pipe. the turbine unit with hollow shaft, the hollow shaft means and filtering means connected to the turbine,. input terminal connected to an output shaft of a centrifugal pump or an axial pump with a turbine high pressure downhole apparatus hollow shaft of the continuous flow of β jet drill, The output end of the hollow shaft of the turbine device is supported by a thrust bearing, and the shaft input end of the centrifugal pump or the axial flow pump is connected to the output end of the hollow shaft of the turbine device through a thrust bearing.
所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具 其涡轮装置的空心轴的内 径基本上与离心泵或轴流泵的壳体的内径对齐。  The inner diameter of the hollow shaft of the turbine device of the downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool is substantially aligned with the inner diameter of the casing of the centrifugal pump or the axial flow pump.
所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具, 其钻杆内壁与离心泵或轴 流泵的外壁之间形成环空。  In the downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool, an annulus is formed between the inner wall of the drill pipe and the outer wall of the centrifugal pump or the axial flow pump.
所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其钻头上的高压射流喷嘴 与离心泵或轴流泵相连， 钻头上的低压射流喷嘴用于形成钻井液 循环回流, 低压射流喷嘴安装在钻头已有的孔腔内。  In the downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool, the high-pressure jet nozzle on the drill bit is connected to a centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump. The low-pressure jet nozzle on the drill bit is used to form circulating circulation of drilling fluid. The low-pressure jet nozzle is installed on the existing drill bit. Inside the cavity.
所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 所述涡轮装置为多级涡轮 组， 各级涡轮组串接在所述的空心轴上， 涡轮装置由多级涡轮节 组成。  In the downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool, the turbine device is a multi-stage turbine group, and the turbine groups of each stage are connected in series to the hollow shaft. The turbine device is composed of multi-stage turbine sections.
所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 所述离心泵或轴流泵为多 级离心泵或轴流泵。 In the downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool, the centrifugal pump or the axial-flow pump is mostly Centrifugal pump or axial flow pump.
所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其钻井液净化装置采用旋 流器装置， 由固定在钻杆内壁上的螺旋叶片构成。  In the downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool, a drilling fluid purification device adopts a cyclone device and is composed of a spiral blade fixed on an inner wall of a drill pipe.
所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其钻井液净化装置由固定 在驱动轴上的螺旋叶片构成。  In the downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool, the drilling fluid purification device is composed of a spiral blade fixed on a driving shaft.
本发明的第二目的是这样实现的： 一种井下高压连续流喷射 破岩方法， 其依据伯努利原理， 流体任一点的动压与静压之和为 零， 高压射流的中心液体压力可低到汽化压力， 因此一定排量的 高压射流在井底形成局部负压区， 其内的岩石将在自身孔隙压力 下膨胀破碎， 实现破岩, 并破坏钻井过程中的 "压持效应" 达到 清除岩屑的作用， 以提高钻井速度。  The second object of the present invention is achieved as follows: A downhole high pressure continuous flow jet rock breaking method, which is based on Bernoulli's principle, the sum of the dynamic pressure and the static pressure at any point of the fluid is zero, and the central liquid pressure of the high pressure jet can be As low as the vaporization pressure, a high-pressure jet with a certain displacement will form a local negative pressure zone at the bottom of the well, and the rock within it will expand and break under its own pore pressure to achieve rock breaking and destroy the "holding effect" in the drilling process. Removal of cuttings to increase drilling speed.
所述的井下高压连续流喷射破岩方法，该方法包括以下步骤： The downhole high pressure continuous flow jet rock breaking method includes the following steps:
1 )采用旋流器对钻井液进行过滤； 1) Use a cyclone to filter the drilling fluid;
2 )采用多级涡轮节的涡轮装置作为钻井马达， 利用钻井液使 多级涡轮节旋转， 从而驱动多级离心泵或轴流泵转动， 对流入离 心泵或轴流泵的钻井液进行增压， 使钻井液的压力在 20-40Mpa;  2) A multi-stage turbine section turbine device is used as a drilling motor, and the drilling fluid is used to rotate the multi-stage turbine section, thereby driving the multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump to rotate, and pressurizing the drilling fluid flowing into the centrifugal pump or axial flow pump. To make the drilling fluid pressure at 20-40Mpa;
3 )钻头通过由地面转盘或顶部驱动装置驱动的钻杆带动 5使 从钻头射出的高压射流和低压考流同时作用在井底的岩石上， 同 时在井底形成局部负压区。 3) means for driving the drill bit by a rotary drill string or a top drive driven by the ground 5 so that the high-pressure jet emitted from the drill bit and the low-pressure test flow simultaneously acting on the rock bottom, while a partial vacuum is formed in the bottom region.
本发明依据伯努利原理，流体任一点的动压与静压之和为零 , 高压射流的中心液体压力可低到汽化压力， 因此一定排量的高压 射流在井底形成局部负压区， 其内的岩石将在自身孔隙压力下膨 胀破碎， 实现破岩， 并破坏钻井过程中的 "压持效应" 达到清除 岩屑的作用， 以提高钻井速度。 这与以往井下增压破岩钻具机理 有本质的不同， 以往的井下增压破岩， 其设计宗旨是依靠高压射 流的冲击力来击碎破岩， 因此其高压射流在设计上要增压到很高 约 lOOMpa至 200Mpa, 相应排量很小， 而依据本发明的原理， 钻具的高压射流压力仅 20Mpa至 40Mpa， 排量相对较大， 因而 在此技术指标下机械实现较易， 而以往的原理其设计指标很高， 机械实现难。 The invention is based on the Bernoulli principle. The sum of the dynamic pressure and the static pressure at any point of the fluid is zero. The central liquid pressure of the high-pressure jet can be as low as the vaporization pressure. Therefore, a high-pressure jet with a certain displacement forms a local negative pressure zone at the bottom of the well. The rock within it will expand and break under its own pore pressure to achieve rock breaking, and destroy the "holding effect" in the drilling process to remove the cuttings to improve the drilling speed. This is fundamentally different from the previous downhole pressurized rock breaking drilling mechanism. The previous downhole pressurized rock breaking was designed based on the impact of a high pressure jet to break the rock. Therefore, the high pressure jet should be pressurized in design. When it is very high, about 100Mpa to 200Mpa, the corresponding displacement is very small. According to the principle of the present invention, The high-pressure jet pressure of the drilling tool is only 20Mpa to 40Mpa, and the displacement is relatively large. Therefore, the mechanical implementation is relatively easy under this technical index, while the previous principles have high design indicators and difficult mechanical implementation.
在本发明的钻具中， 涡轮不用于直接驱动钻头旋转， 而是驱 动多级离心泵或轴流泵对部分钻井液进行增压。 特别指出的是， 这部分被多级离心泵或轴流泵增压的钻井液是从涡轮顶部通过空 心轴， 进入多级离心泵或轴流泵的， 这样減少了压力损失、 提高 了系统效率。  In the drilling tool of the present invention, the turbine is not used to directly drive the drill bit to rotate, but to drive a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump to pressurize part of the drilling fluid. It is particularly pointed out that this part of the drilling fluid pressurized by the multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump passes through the hollow shaft from the top of the turbine and enters the multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump, which reduces pressure loss and improves system efficiency. .
由于本发明采用多级离心泵或轴流泵对钻井液增压， 所以对 钻井液的过滤要求低于在用液压缸对钻井液进行增压时的要求。 同时， 多级离心泵或轴流泵可以提供连续流态的高压射流。  Since the present invention uses a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump to pressurize the drilling fluid, the filtering requirements for the drilling fluid are lower than those required when the drilling fluid is pressurized with a hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, multi-stage centrifugal pumps or axial flow pumps can provide continuous high-pressure jets.
由于本发明的止推轴承可对钻井液进行完全密封， 而不使用 橡胶密封件， 因此可以适应井下较高温度的使用工况 β Since the thrust bearing of the present invention can completely seal the drilling fluid without using a rubber seal, it can adapt to the working conditions of higher temperatures in the well β
由于本发明的低压喷嘴安装在钻头已有的孔腔内， 保证钻井 液的过流断面最大， 使得钻井液回流通畅。 这种技术措施降低了 本发明对地面设备的要求， 同时也降低了本发明对钻具的密封要 求《 在钻头上需安装一个高压喷嘴， 通过流道与多级离心泵或轴 流泵的出口密封相连。 附图说明  Since the low-pressure nozzle of the present invention is installed in the existing cavity of the drill bit, the maximum cross-section of the drilling fluid can be ensured, and the drilling fluid can flow back smoothly. This technical measure reduces the requirements of the present invention for ground equipment, and also reduces the sealing requirements of the present invention for a drilling tool. "A high-pressure nozzle needs to be installed on the drill bit, and the outlet of the multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump needs to be installed on the drill bit. Hermetically connected. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
下面将结合附图和具体的实例对本发明做进一步的描述， 其 中：  The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, in which:
图 1是表示本发明结构的示意图。  Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the present invention.
图 2是表示本发明工作原理的示意图。 具体实施方式  Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the working principle of the present invention. detailed description
如图 1所示， 本发明提出一种能够在井下产生高压连续射流 的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其包括钻杆 1、 钻井液过滤装置 2、 采用空心轴 3的涡轮装置 4; 支撑涡轮空心轴 3输出端的止推轴 承 5; 由涡轮空心轴 3驱动的多级离心泵或轴流泵 6， 离心泵或轴 流泵 6的吸入口 62与涡轮空心轴 3旋转密封连接； 连接于钻杆 1 下端部的钻头 7， 其上设有低压射流喷嘴 71和高压射流喷嘴 72， 钻杆 1由地面转盘或顶部驱动装置驱动。 空心轴 3也是多级离心 泵或轴流泵 6的吸入口。 As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a high-pressure continuous jet that can be generated downhole. Downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool, which includes a drill pipe 1, a drilling fluid filtering device 2, a turbine device 4 using a hollow shaft 3, a thrust bearing 5 supporting the output end of the turbine hollow shaft 3, and a plurality of driven by the turbine hollow shaft 3. Stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump 6, the suction port 62 of the centrifugal pump or axial flow pump 6 is connected to the hollow hollow shaft 3 in a rotationally sealed manner; a drill bit 7 connected to the lower end of the drill rod 1 is provided with a low-pressure jet nozzle 71 and a high pressure The jet nozzle 72 and the drill rod 1 are driven by a surface turntable or a top driving device. The hollow shaft 3 is also the suction port of a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump 6.
在本发明中， 所述钻具均沿着钻杆 1的轴线方向依次设置于 钻杆内部， 以使涡轮装置 4驱动多级离心泵或轴流泵 6。 钻井液 从过滤装置 2的入口 21进入， 过滤后的部分钻井液从涡轮 41顶 部经空心轴 3进入多级离心泵或轴流泵 6 (如图 2中的虚线箭头 所示）， 增压后， 达到 20-30Mpa从钻头上的高压射流喷嘴 72射 出。 其余大部分钻井液（如图 2中的实线所示）， 通过涡轮 41驱 动其旋转， 经钻杆与多级离心泵或轴流泵的环空 9， 由钻头上的 低压射流喷嘴 Ή射出， 如图 3所示。  In the present invention, the drilling tools are sequentially arranged inside the drill pipe along the axial direction of the drill pipe 1 so that the turbine device 4 drives a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump 6. The drilling fluid enters from the inlet 21 of the filtering device 2. The filtered part of the drilling fluid enters the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump 6 from the top of the turbine 41 through the hollow shaft 3 (as shown by the dotted arrow in FIG. 2). It reaches 20-30Mpa and exits from the high-pressure jet nozzle 72 on the drill. Most of the remaining drilling fluid (shown by the solid line in FIG. 2) is driven by the turbine 41 to rotate, and is ejected from the low pressure jet nozzle Ή on the drill bit through the annulus 9 of the drill pipe and the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump. , As shown in Figure 3.
在本发明的井下高压连续流喷射破岩方法中， 将涡轮装置 4 作为钻井马达 钻井马达可由多级涡轮节和空心轴组成 9 涡轮在 钻井液的驱动下旋转并带动空心轴旋转， 从而产生旋转力矩； 止 推轴承箱固定在钻杆内壁，通过止推轴承支撑钻井马达的空心轴， 并将空心轴的旋转力矩传递给多级离心泵或轴流泵， 驱动多级离 心泵或轴流泵 6旋转; 多级离心泵或轴流泵 6将来自马达空心轴 的钻井液增压， 并使这部分钻井液从钻头以高压喷射出， 击打在 井下岩石上， 经过过滤的钻井液以一定的压力形成连续喷射。 In the downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet rock breaking method of the present invention, the turbine device 4 is used as a drilling motor. The drilling motor may be composed of a multi-stage turbine joint and a hollow shaft. The 9 turbine is rotated by the drilling fluid and drives the hollow shaft to rotate, thereby generating rotation. Moment; a thrust bearing box is fixed on the inner wall of the drill pipe, and the hollow shaft of the drilling motor is supported by the thrust bearing, and the rotary torque of the hollow shaft is transmitted to the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump, and the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump is driven 6 rotation; multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump 6 pressurizes the drilling fluid from the hollow shaft of the motor, and ejects this part of the drilling fluid at high pressure from the drill bit, hits the rock downhole, and the filtered drilling fluid The pressure forms a continuous jet.
在本发明中， 钻井液净化装置可以采用旋流器装置， 由固定 在钻杆内壁上的螺旋叶片构成， 叶片角度较大， 对钻井液的压力 损失较小。 钻井液在沿螺旋叶片运动时， 形成离心旋转， 使得钻 井液内大直径颗粒在钻井液净化装置外周流动， 通过马达叶轮和 离心泵与钻杆之间的环空， 从钻头的低压喷嘴射出； 中心处流动 的钻井液得到一定程度的净化， 固相颗粒直径较小， 通过钻井马 达的空心轴直接流到多级离心泵或轴流泵的内部 （这部分钻井液 没有经过马达涡轮， 压力损失很小）， 经过增压后， 从钻头的高压 喷嘴射出。 In the present invention, the drilling fluid purification device may adopt a cyclone device, which is composed of spiral blades fixed on the inner wall of the drill pipe, the blade angle is large, and the pressure loss to the drilling fluid is small. When the drilling fluid moves along the spiral blade, it forms a centrifugal rotation, so that large-diameter particles in the drilling fluid flow around the periphery of the drilling fluid purification device. The annulus between the centrifugal pump and the drill pipe is ejected from the low-pressure nozzle of the drill bit; the drilling fluid flowing at the center is purified to a certain degree, and the diameter of the solid phase particles is small, which flows directly to the multistage centrifugal pump through the hollow shaft of the drilling motor. Or the inside of the axial flow pump (this part of the drilling fluid does not pass through the motor turbine, the pressure loss is very small), after being pressurized, it is ejected from the high-pressure nozzle of the drill bit.
钻井液净化装置也可以由固定在驱动轴上的螺旋叶片构成， 经钻井马达带动， 以一定的速度旋转， 净化钻井液， 达到上述相 同的效果。螺旋叶片的方向应当与钻井马达涡轮叶片的方向一致。  The drilling fluid purification device may also be composed of spiral blades fixed on a drive shaft, driven by a drilling motor, and rotated at a certain speed to purify the drilling fluid, achieving the same effect as described above. The direction of the spiral blades should be the same as the direction of the drilling motor turbine blades.
涡轮叶形与通过涡轮的钻井液的流量、 速度和压降匹配； 经 过净化装置的部分干净钻井液通过空心轴的上部入口进入空心 轴， 这部分钻井液因为没有经过涡轮而压降很小， 然后通过空心 轴的出口进入到多级离心泵或轴流泵。 空心轴的壁厚应当满足传 递扭矩的强度要求， 内径应当满足高压射流的流量要求 β The shape of the turbine blade matches the flow, speed and pressure drop of the drilling fluid passing through the turbine; part of the clean drilling fluid passing through the purification device enters the hollow shaft through the upper inlet of the hollow shaft. This part of the drilling fluid has a small pressure drop because it does not pass through the turbine. It then enters the multistage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump through the outlet of the hollow shaft. The wall thickness of the hollow shaft should meet the strength requirements of the transmitted torque, and the inner diameter should meet the flow requirements of the high-pressure jet β

Claims

1. 一种井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 包括钻杆 （1)、 过滤装置1. A downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool comprising a drill pipe (1) and a filtering device
(2)、 涡轮装置（4)、 离心泵或轴流泵（6)和钻头（7)， 钻杆（1) 由地面转盘或顶部驱动装置驱动，在钻杆（1)的底部设有钻头（7), 钻头 （7) 上设置有高压射流喷嘴和低压射流喷嘴， 其特征在于： 在钻杆（1)的内部沿钻杆（1)的轴线依次设置有过滤装置（2)、 涡轮装置 （4)和多级离心泵或轴流泵（6)， 所述涡轮装置 （4) 采用空心轴 （3), 过滤装置 （2) 与涡轮装置 （4) 的空心轴 （3) 相连， 离心泵或轴流泵 (6) 的轴输入端与涡轮装置 (4) 空心轴(2) Turbine device (4), centrifugal pump or axial flow pump (6) and drill bit (7), the drill rod (1) is driven by a surface turntable or top drive device, and a drill bit is provided at the bottom of the drill rod (1) (7) The drill bit (7) is provided with a high-pressure jet nozzle and a low-pressure jet nozzle, and is characterized in that a filtering device (2) and a turbine device are sequentially arranged inside the drill rod (1) along the axis of the drill rod (1). (4) and a multi-stage centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump (6), the turbine device (4) adopts a hollow shaft (3), and the filter device (2) is connected to the hollow shaft (3) of the turbine device (4) to centrifuge Pump or axial flow pump (6) shaft input and turbine unit (4) hollow shaft
(3) 的输出端相连。 (3) The output is connected.
2. 如权利要求 1所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其特征在 于： 涡轮装置（4)的空心轴（3)的输出端由止推轴承（5)支撑， 离心泵或轴流泵（6)的轴输入端与涡轮装置（4) 空心轴（3)输 出端通过止推轴承（5)连接。  2. The downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output end of the hollow shaft (3) of the turbine device (4) is supported by a thrust bearing (5), a centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump (6) The shaft input end is connected with the turbine unit (4) the hollow shaft (3) output end through a thrust bearing (5).
3. 如权利要求 1所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其特征在 于： 涡轮装置 （4) 的空心轴 （3) 的内径基本上与离心泵或轴流 泵 （6) 的壳体 61的内径对齐。  3. The downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner diameter of the hollow shaft (3) of the turbine device (4) is substantially the same as the casing 61 of the centrifugal pump or the axial flow pump (6) Alignment of the inner diameter.
4. 如权利要求 1所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其特征在 于: 钻杆 (1) 内壁与离心泵或轴流泵 (6) 的外壁之间形成环空 4. The downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: an annulus is formed between the inner wall of the drill pipe (1) and the outer wall of the centrifugal pump or axial flow pump (6)
(9)。 (9).
5. 如权利要求 1所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具, 其特征在 于： 钻头 （7)上的高压射流喷嘴与离心泵或轴流泵 （6)相连， 钻头（7)上的低压射流喷嘴用于形成钻井液循环回流， 低压射流 喷嘴安装在钻头已有的孔腔内。  5. The downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-pressure jet nozzle on the drill bit (7) is connected to a centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump (6), and the low-pressure jet on the drill bit (7) The nozzle is used to form the circulating return of drilling fluid. The low-pressure jet nozzle is installed in the existing cavity of the drill bit.
6. 如权利要求 1所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其特征在 于： 所述涡轮装置（4)为多级涡轮（41)组， 各级涡轮组串接在 所述的空心轴上， 涡轮装置 （4 ) 由多级涡轮节组成。 6. The downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein the turbine device (4) is a multi-stage turbine (41) group, and the turbine groups of each stage are connected in series. On the hollow shaft, the turbine device (4) is composed of multi-stage turbine sections.
7. 如权利要求 1所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其特征在 于： 所述离心泵或轴流泵（6 ) 为多级离心泵或轴流泵（6 )。  The downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the centrifugal pump or axial flow pump (6) is a multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump (6).
8. 如权利要求 1所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其特征在 于： 钻井液净化装置采用旋流器装置， 由固定在钻杆内壁上的螺 旋叶片构成。  8. The downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein the drilling fluid purification device uses a cyclone device and is composed of a screw blade fixed on an inner wall of the drill pipe.
9. 如权利要求 1所述的井下高压连续流喷射钻具， 其特征在 于： 钻井液净化装置由固定在驱动轴上的螺旋叶片构成。  9. The downhole high-pressure continuous-flow jet drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein the drilling fluid purification device comprises a spiral blade fixed on a drive shaft.
10. 一种井下高压连续流喷射破岩方法， 其特征在于： 依据伯 努利原理， 流体任一点的动压与静压之和为零， 高压射流的中心 液体压力可低到汽化压力， 因此一定排量的高压射流在井底形成 局部负压区, 其内的岩石将在自身孔隙压力下膨胀破碎， 实现破 岩， 并破坏钻井过程中的 "压持效应 达到清除岩屑的作用 3 以 提高钻井速度 ffl 10. A downhole high-pressure continuous flow jet rock breaking method, characterized in that according to Bernoulli's principle, the sum of the dynamic pressure and the static pressure at any point of the fluid is zero, and the central liquid pressure of the high-pressure jet can be as low as the vaporization pressure. A high-pressure jet with a certain displacement forms a local negative pressure zone at the bottom of the well, and the rocks within it will expand and break under its own pore pressure to achieve rock breaking and destroy the "holding effect in the drilling process to remove debris. 3 Increase drilling speed ffl
11. 如权利要求 1所述的井下高压连续流喷射破岩方法，其特 征在于， 该方法包括以下步骤:  11. The downhole high pressure continuous flow jet rock breaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1 ) 采用旋流器对钻井液进行过滤；  1) filtering the drilling fluid with a cyclone;
2 )采用多级涡轮节的涡轮装置作为钻井马达， 利用钻井液使多级 涡轮节旋转， 从而驱动多级离心泵或轴流泵（6 )转动， 对流入离 心泵或轴流泵 ( 6 ) 的钻井液进行增压， 使钻井液的压力在 20-40Mpa;  2) A multi-stage turbine section turbine device is used as a drilling motor, and the drilling fluid is used to rotate the multi-stage turbine section, thereby driving the multi-stage centrifugal pump or axial flow pump (6) to rotate, and the inflow centrifugal pump or axial flow pump (6) Pressurize the drilling fluid, so that the pressure of the drilling fluid is 20-40Mpa;
3 ) 钻头通过由地面转盘或顶部驱动装置驱动的钻杆 ( 1 ) 带动， 使从钻头射出的高压射流和低压射流同时作用在井底的岩石上， 同时在井底形成局部负压区。  3) The drill bit is driven by a drill rod (1) driven by a surface turntable or a top driving device, so that the high-pressure jet and the low-pressure jet emitted from the drill bit simultaneously act on the rock at the bottom of the well, and at the same time, a local negative pressure area is formed at the bottom of the well.
PCT/CN2004/000352 2003-04-15 2004-04-14 A downhole-drilling tool with high-pressure and continuous-flow jet and a method for breaking the rock WO2004092532A1 (en)

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CA002555075A CA2555075A1 (en) 2003-04-15 2004-04-14 A downhole-drilling tool with high-pressure and continuous-flow jet and a method for breaking the rock
CN200480010363.8A CN1774558B (en) 2003-04-15 2004-04-14 Underground high pressure continuous flow jet drilling tool and rock drilling method thereof
US11/251,373 US20060113114A1 (en) 2003-04-15 2005-10-14 Drilling tool and method

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CN03244667.5 2003-04-15
CNU032446675U CN2612792Y (en) 2003-04-15 2003-04-15 Down-hole high pressure continuous stream jetting drilling tool

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US10119368B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2018-11-06 Bruce A. Tunget Apparatus and method for cultivating a downhole surface
CN109184554A (en) * 2018-11-14 2019-01-11 长江大学 A kind of coaxial driving device of automatic three worm gear of propulsion steerable drilling based on well dynamic motor
CN109184554B (en) * 2018-11-14 2023-09-19 长江大学 Three worm wheel coaxial driving device for automatic propulsion steering drilling based on underground power motor
CN109736699A (en) * 2019-03-10 2019-05-10 张成功 A kind of drilling well speedup power tamping machine
CN118008124A (en) * 2024-04-09 2024-05-10 中油昆仑管道工程有限公司 Large-torque turbine drilling tool

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