WO2004089896A1 - 11β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 1 ACTIVE COMPOUNDS - Google Patents

11β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 1 ACTIVE COMPOUNDS Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004089896A1
WO2004089896A1 PCT/DK2004/000252 DK2004000252W WO2004089896A1 WO 2004089896 A1 WO2004089896 A1 WO 2004089896A1 DK 2004000252 W DK2004000252 W DK 2004000252W WO 2004089896 A1 WO2004089896 A1 WO 2004089896A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aza
trimethyl
bicyclo
carbonyl
octane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2004/000252
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Anette Gundertofte
Anker Steen Jørgensen
Gita Camilla Tejlgaard Kampen
Henrik Sune Andersen
Inge Thøger Christensen
John Paul Kilburn
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Novo Nordisk A/S
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Publication date
Application filed by Novo Nordisk A/S filed Critical Novo Nordisk A/S
Priority to EP07102177A priority Critical patent/EP1787982B1/en
Priority to EP04725888A priority patent/EP1618090A1/en
Priority to JP2006504355A priority patent/JP4629657B2/en
Publication of WO2004089896A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004089896A1/en
Priority to US11/244,745 priority patent/US7700583B2/en
Priority to US12/640,868 priority patent/US20100120743A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/08—Bridged systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel substituted bi- or tricyclic amides, to their use in therapy, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, to the use of said compounds in the manufacture of medicaments, and to therapeutic methods comprising the administration of said compounds.
  • the present compounds modulate the activity of 11 ⁇ - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 ⁇ HSD1) and are accordingly useful in the treatment of diseases in which such a modulation is beneficial, such as the metabolic syndrome.
  • the metabolic syndrome is a major global health problem. In the US, the prevalence in the adult population is currently estimated to be approximately 25%, and it continues to increase both in the US and worldwide.
  • the metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension leading to increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. People with the metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of developing frank type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of which is equally escalating.
  • type 2 diabetes obesity and dyslipidemia are also highly prevalent and around 70% of people with type 2 diabetes additionally have hypertension once again leading to increased mortality of cardiovascular diseases.
  • glucocorticoids are able to induce all of the cardinal features of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
  • 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 ⁇ HSD1) catalyses the local generation of active glucocorticoid in several tissues and organs including predominantly the liver and adipose tissue, but also e.g. skeletal muscle, bone, pancreas, endothelium, ocular tissue and certain parts of the central nervous system.
  • 11 ⁇ HSD1 serves as a local regulator of glucocorticoid actions in the tissues and organs where it is expressed (Tannin et al., J. Biol. Chem., 266, 16653 (1991); Bujalska et al., Endocrinology, 140, 3188 (1999); Whorwood et al., J. Clin.
  • 11 ⁇ HSD1 in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes is supported by several lines of evidence.
  • treatment with the non-specific 11 ⁇ HSD1 inhibitor carbenoxolone improves insulin sensitivity in lean healthy volunteers and people with type 2 diabetes.
  • 11 ⁇ HSD1 knock-out mice are resistant to insulin resistance induced by obesity and stress.
  • the knock-out mice present with an anti-atherogenic lipid profile of decreased VLDL triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol.
  • mice that overexpress 11 ⁇ HSD1 in adipocytes develop insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and visceral obesity, a phenotype that resembles the human metabolic syndrome (Andrews et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol.
  • 11 ⁇ HSD1 promotes the features of the metabolic syndrome by increasing hepatic expression of the rate-limiting enzymes in gluconeogenesis, namely phosphoenolpyuvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, promoting the differentia- tion of preadipocytes into adipocytes thus facilitating obesity, directly and indirectly stimulating hepatic VLDL secretion, decreasing hepatic LDL uptake and increasing vessel contractility (Kotelevtsev et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 14924 (1997); Morton et al., J. Biol. Chem.
  • WO 01/90090, WO 01/90091 , WO 01/90092, WO 01/90093 and WO 01/90094 discloses various thiazol-sulfonamides as inhibitors of the human 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme, and further states that said compounds may be useful in treating diabetes, obesity, glaucoma, osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, immune disorders and depression.
  • the present compounds can be used to treat disorders where a decreased level of active intracellular glucocorticoid is desirable, such as e.g.
  • Objects of the present invention are to provide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and use of said compounds that modulate the activity of 11 ⁇ HSD1.
  • halo includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
  • trihalomethyl includes trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, tribromomethyl, and triiodomethyl.
  • trihalomethoxy includes trifluorometoxy, trichlorometoxy, tribromometoxy, and triiodometoxy.
  • alkyl includes C C 8 , preferred C ⁇ -C 6 straight chain saturated and methylene aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, C 3 -C 8 branched saturated hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms.
  • this definition shall include but is not limited to methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), propyl (Pr), butyl (Bu), pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl (i-Pr), isobu- tyl (i-Bu), tert-butyl (f-Bu), sec-butyl (s-Bu), isopentyl, neopentyl, and the like.
  • alkenyl includes C 2 -C 6 straight chain unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and branched C 3 -C 6 unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms.
  • this definition shall include but is not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, methyl propenyl, methylbutenyl and the like.
  • alkynyl includes C 2 -C 6 straight chain unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and C 4 -C 6 branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms.
  • this definition shall include but is not limited to ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, methylbutynyl, and the like.
  • saturated or partially saturated cyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system represents but are not limited to azepanyl, azocanyl, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolinyl, 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoquinolinyl, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoxalinyl, indolinyl, 6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 2-aza-bicyclo[4.1.1]octane, 2-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 7-aza-bicyclo[4.1.1]octanyl, 9-aza- bicyclo[3.3.2]decanyl, 4-aza-tricyclo[4.3.1.1 3 ' 8 ]undecanyl, 9-aza-tricyclo[3.3.2.0 3 ' 7 ]decanyl, 8- aza-spiro[4.5]decane.
  • cycloalkyl e.g. cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohep- tyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, spiro[4.5]decyl, norpinyl, norbonyl, norcaryl, adamantyl and the like
  • cycloalkylalkyl e.g. cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohep- tyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, spiro[4.5]decyl, norpinyl, norbonyl, norcaryl, adamantyl and the like
  • cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylethyl, adamantylmethyl and the like represents a cycloalkyl group as defined above attached through an alkyl group having the indicated number of carbon atoms or substituted alkyl group as defined above.
  • cycloalkenyl (e.g. cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohep- tenyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclononenyl, cyclodecenyl and the like) represents a partially saturated, mono-, bi-, tri- or spirocarbocyclic group having the specified number of carbon atoms.
  • cycloalkylcarbonyl e.g. cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl
  • cycloalkylcarbonyl represents an cycloalkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a carbonyl group.
  • hetcycloalkylcarbonyl e.g. 1-piperidin-4-yl-carbonyl, 1-(1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoquinolin-6-yl)carbonyl
  • heteroalkyl e.g. tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tertahy- drothiopyranyl, piperidine, pyridazine and the like
  • hetcycloalkyl represents a saturated mono-, bi-, tri- or spirocarbocyclic group having the specified number of carbon atoms and one or two additional heteroatoms or groups selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, SO or S0 2 .
  • hetcycloalkylalkyl (e.g. tetrahydrofuranylmethyl, tetrahydropyranylethyl, tertahydrothiopyranylmethyl, and the like) represents a hetcycloalkyl group as defined above attached through an alkyl group having the indicated number of carbon atoms or substituted alkyl group as defined above.
  • alkyloxy (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy, allyloxy, cyclohexyloxy) represents an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge.
  • alkyloxyalkyl (e.g. methyloxymethyl and the like) represents an alkyloxy group as defined above attached through an “alkyl” group.
  • aryloxy e.g. phenoxy, naphthyloxy and the like
  • aryloxy represents an aryl group as defined below attached through an oxygen bridge.
  • hetaryloxy e.g. 2-pyridyloxy and the like
  • aryloxyalkyl e.g. phenoxymethyl, naphthyloxyethyl and the like
  • alkyl e.g. phenoxymethyl, naphthyloxyethyl and the like
  • arylalkyloxy e.g. phenethyloxy, naphthylmethyloxy and the like
  • hetarylalkyloxy e.g. 2-pyridylmethyloxy and the like
  • hetaryloxyalkyl e.g. 2-pyridyloxymethyl, 2-quinolyloxyethyl and the like
  • alkyl represents a hetaryloxy group as defined above attached through an “alkyl” group having the 5 indicated number of carbon atoms.
  • hetarylalkyloxyalkyl (e.g. 4-methoxymethyl-pyrimidine, 2-methoxymethyl- quinoline and the like) represents a hetarylalkyloxy group as defined above attached through an "alkyl” group having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
  • arylalkyloxyalkyl (e.g. ethoxymethyl-benzene, 2-methoxymethyl- 10 naphthalene and the like) represents an arylalkyloxy group as defined above attached through an “alkyl” group having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
  • alkylthio (e.g. methylthio, ethylthio and the like) represents an alkyl group as defined above attached through a sulphur bridge.
  • alkyloxycarbonyl (e.g. methylformiat, ethylformiat and the like) represents 15. an alkyloxy group as defined above attached through a carbonyl group.
  • aryloxycarbonyl e.g. phenylformiat, 2-thiazolylformiat and the like
  • aryloxycarbonyl represents an aryloxy group as defined above attached through a carbonyl group.
  • arylalkyloxycarbonyl e.g. benzylformiat, phenyletylformiat and the like
  • arylalkyloxycarbonyl represents an “arylalkyloxy” group as defined above attached through a carbonyl group.
  • arylalkyl e.g. benzyl, phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 1-naphtylmethyl, 2-(1- naphtyl)ethyl and the like
  • hetarylalkyl e.g. (2-furyl)methyl, (3-furyl)methyl, (2-thienyl)methyi, (3- 5 thienyl)methyl, (2-pyridyl)methyl, 1-methyl-1-(2-pyrimidyl)ethyl and the like
  • hetarylalkyl represents a hetaryl group as defined below attached through an alkyl having the indicated number of carbon atoms or substituted alkyl group as defined above.
  • alkylcarbonyl e.g. octylcarbonyl, pentylcarbonyl, 3-hexenylcarbonyl
  • alkylcarbonyl represents an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms 0 attached through a carbonyl group.
  • arylcarbonyl e.g. benzoyl
  • arylcarbonyl represents an aryl group as defined below attached through a carbonyl group.
  • hetarylcarbonyl e.g. 2-thiophenylcarbonyl, 3-methoxy-anthryIcarbonyl, oxazolylcarbonyl and the like
  • alkylcarbonylalkyl e.g. propan-2-one, 4,4-dimethyl-pentan-2-one and the like
  • alkylcarbonyl group as defined above attached through an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
  • hetarylcarbonylalkyl e.g. 1-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-one, 1-(1-rY-imidazoi-2- yl)-propan-1-one and the like
  • hetarylcarbonylalkyl represents a hetarylcarbonyl group as defined above attached through an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
  • arylalkylcarbonyl e.g. phenylpropylcarbonyl, phenylethylcarbonyl and the like
  • hetarylalkylcarbonyl e.g. imidazolylpentylcarbonyl and the like
  • alkyl group is in turn attached through a carbonyl.
  • alkylcarboxy e.g. heptylcarboxy, cyclopropylcarboxy, 3-pentenyIcarboxy
  • alkylcarboxy represents an alkylcarbonyl group as defined above wherein the carbonyl is in turn attached through an oxygen bridge.
  • arylcarboxy e.g. benzoic acid and the like
  • arylcarbonyl group as defined above wherein the carbonyl is in turn attached through an oxygen bridge.
  • alkylcarboxyalkyl e.g. heptylcarboxymethyl, propylcarboxy te/ -butyl, 3- pentylcarboxyethyl
  • alkylcarboxyalkyl represents an alkylcarboxy group as defined above wherein the carboxy group is in turn attached through an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
  • arylalkylcarboxy e.g. benzylcarboxy, phenylpropylcarboxy and the like
  • arylalkylcarboxy represents an arylalkylcarbonyl group as defined above wherein the carbonyl is in turn attached through an oxygen bridge.
  • hetarylalkylcarboxy e.g. (1-H-imidazol-2-yl)-acetic acid, 3-pyrimidin-2-yl- propionic acid and the like
  • alkylS(0) n represents an alkyl group as defined above, wherein the alkyl group is in turn attached through a sulphur bridge wherein the sulphur is substituted with n oxygen atoms.
  • arylS(0) n (e.g. phenylsulfinyl, naphthyl-2-sulfonyl and the like) represents an aryl group as defined above, wherein the aryl group is in turn attached through a sulphur bridge wherein the sulphur is substituted with n oxygen atoms.
  • arylalkylS(0) n (e.g. benzylsulfinyl, phenetyl-2-sulfonyl and the like) represents an arylalkyl group as defined above, wherein the arylalkyl group is in turn attached through a sulphur bridge wherein the sulphur is substituted with n oxygen atoms.
  • aryl includes but is not limited to a carbocyclic aromatic ring system be- ing either monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic, such as phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, indenyl, pentalenyl, azulenyl, biphenylenyl and the like.
  • Aryl is also intended to include the partially hydrogenated derivatives of the carbocyclic aromatic systems enumerated above. Non-limiting examples of such partially hydrogenated derivatives are 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, 1 ,4-dihydronaphthyl and the like.
  • heteroaryl includes but is not limited to pyrrolyl (2-pyrrolyl), pyrazolyl (3- pyrazolyl), imidazolyl (1 -imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazoIyl, 5-imidazolyl), triazolyl (1,2,3- triazol-1-yI, 1 ,2,3-triazol-2-yl 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl), oxazolyl (2-oxazolyl, 4- oxazolyl, 5-oxazoIyl), isoxazolyl (3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl), thiazolyl (2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl), thiophenyl (2-thiophenyl, 3-thiophenyl, 4-thiophenyl, 5-thiophenyl), furanyl (2-pyrroly
  • R 5 oxy (e.g. MeC(0)0-, phenylC(0)0-,pyridine-2-yl-C(0)0- and the like) represents an R 5 group as defined above attached through an oxygen bridge.
  • R 14 alkylcarbonyl e.g. 2-cyclohexyloxy-acetyl, 3-(1-methyI-piperidin-4- yloxy)-propionyl, 2-phenoxy-acetyl and the like
  • R 14 group represents an R 14 group as defined above attached through an alkylcarbonyl group as defined above.
  • R 16 carbonyl (e.g. acetyl, 3-phenyl-propionyl, phenyl-acetyl, 2-(pyridin-2- ylmethoxy)-acetyl and the like) represents an R 16 group as defined above attached through a carbonyl group.
  • R 16 carbonylN(R 12 ) e.g. 3-phenyl-propionamide, phenyl-acetamide, 2- (pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-acetamide, ⁇ /-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-acetamide, benzyl-2- (pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)-acetamide and the like
  • R 16 carbonylN(R 12 ) represents an R 16 carbonyl group as defined above attached through an amino group substituted with R 12 as defined above.
  • NR 12 R 13 carbonylalkyl (e.g. ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethyl-propionamide, ⁇ /-isopropyl-/V- methyl-propionamide and the like) represents an NR 12 R 13 group attached through a carbon- ylalkyl group as defined above.
  • NR 12 R 13 alkylcarbonyl e.g. ⁇ /, ⁇ /-dimethyIamino-acetyl, ( ⁇ /-cyclohexyl- ⁇ /- methyl-amino)-acetyl, 2-(4-acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-acetyl and the like
  • treatment is defined as the management and care of a patient for the purpose of combating or alleviating the disease, condition or disorder, and the term includes the administration of the active compound to prevent the onset of the symptoms or complications, or alleviating the symptoms or complications, or eliminating the disease, condition, or disorder.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable is defined as being suitable for administration to humans without adverse events.
  • prodrug is defined as a chemically modified form of the active drug, said prodrug being administered to the patient and subsequently being converted to the active drug. Techniques for development of prodrugs are well known in the art.
  • the present invention is based on the observation that the compounds of the general formulas (I) disclosed below are able to modulate or inhibit the activity of 11 ⁇ HSD1.
  • R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are forming a saturated or partially saturated bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one of R 5 , R 5 oxy ⁇ , R 6 , hydroxy, oxo, cyano, C Ceal yl, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrCealkyl, hetarylCrC 6 alkyl or CrCealkyloxyCrCealkyl, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one ore more of R 7 ;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, trihalomethyl or C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl;
  • R 5 is CrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylCrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-, arylcarbonyl-, arylCrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl- or hetarylCrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-;
  • R 6 is CrC 6 alkyloxy-, aryloxy-, arylCrC 6 alkyloxy-, hetaryloxy- or hetarylCrC 6 alkyloxy-;
  • R 7 is hydrogen, C C 8 alkyl, C C 6 alkyloxy or arylCrC 6 alkyl;
  • R 8 is hydrogen, CrC 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylCrC6alkyl, CrC 6 alkyIoxyCr C 6 alkyl, arylCrC 6 alkyloxyCrC 6 alkyl or C 2 -C 6 alkenyl;
  • R 9 is CrC 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylCrC 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C 3 - C-iohetcycloalkylcarbonyl-, arylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl-, CrCealkyloxyCrCealkyl, NR 12 R 13 carbonylC C 6 alkyl-, R 4 CrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-, -COR 15 , CrC 6 alkylS(0) n -, arylS(0) n -, arylCrC 6 alkylS(0) n -, arylCrC 6 alkyl or hetarylCrC 6 alkyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalky, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R 11 ;
  • R 10 is d-C ⁇ alkyl, arylCrC 6 alkyl or NR 12 R 13 carbonylCrC 6 alkyl, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R 11 ;
  • R 11 is R 5 , R 6 , halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, -COR 15 , C r C 8 alkyl, CrC 8 alkyIoxy, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, trihalomethyl, trihalomethyloxy, aryl, arylCrC 6 alkyl, CrC 6 alkyloxyCrC 6 alkyl, aryloxyCr C 6 alkyl, arylCrC 6 alkyloxyCrC 6 alkyl, hetaryl, hetarylCrC 6 alkyl, hetaryloxyCrC 6 alkyl, hetarylCrC 6 alkyloxyCrC 6 alkyl, -NR 12 R 13 , -S0 2 NR 12 R 13 , NR 12 R 13 carbonylCrC 6 alkyl, R 16 carbonylN(R 12 )-, arylS(0) n -, hetaryl
  • R 2 and R 13 independently are hydrogen, CrC 8 aIkyl, C 3 -C ⁇ 0 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C ⁇ 0 cycloalkylCrC 6 - alkyl, C 3 -C 10 hetcycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrC 6 alkyl or hetarylCrCealkyl wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R 18 ; or
  • R 12 and R 13 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are forming a saturated or partially saturated cyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one R 5 , R 5 oxy-, R 6 , halo, cyano, hydroxy, oxo, d-C ⁇ alkyl, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrC 6 aIkyl, hetarylCrCealkyl, CrC 6 alkyloxyCrC 6 alkyl, NR 12 R 13 carbonyld-C 6 alkyl, NR 12 R 13 d-C 6 alkylcarbonyl-, R 14 C C 6 alkylcarbonyl- or -COR 15 ;
  • R 14 is CrC 6 alkyloxy, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyloxy-, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyIC 1 -C 6 alkyloxy-, C 3 -d 0 hetcyclo- alkyloxy-, aryl, hetaryl, aryld-dalkyloxy, hetarylCrC 6 alkyloxy, -NR 12 R 13 , -COR 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R 20 ;
  • R 15 is C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, hydroxy, d-dalkyloxy, -NR 12 R 13 , aryl, aryloxy or arylCrdalkyloxy;
  • R 16 is R 6 , d-C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, aryl, arylC C 6 alkyI, hetaryl, hetaryld-C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 - cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 hetcycloalkyl, arylCrC 6 alkyloxyCrC 6 alkyl-, hetarylCrC 6 alkyloxyCrC 6 alkyl- or R 12 R 13 NC C 6 alkyl- wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups are optionally substituted with R 19 ;
  • R 17 is CrC 6 alkyl, C 3 -C ⁇ 0 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 hetcycloalkyl, aryl, arylCrC 6 alkyl, hetaryl, hetarylCrCealkyl;
  • R 18 is R 6 , -NR 1 R 13 , oxo, d-C ⁇ alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 10 hetcycloalkyl, wherein the al- kyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R 7 ;
  • R 19 is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, oxo, nitro, cyano or -COR 15 ;
  • R 20 is hydrogen, C C 8 alkyl, -NR 12 R 13 , d-dalkyloxy or arylC C 6 alkyl;
  • X and Y independently are carbon or nitrogen
  • n 1 or 2; or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, including a racemic mixture, or any tautomeric forms.
  • in formula (I) X is carbon. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) Y is carbon. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) X is nitrogen. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) Y is nitrogen.
  • R 3 is -NR 8 R 9 , wherein R 8 and R 9 are defined as above.
  • R 3 is -OR 10 , wherein R 10 is defined as above.
  • R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are forming a saturated or partially saturated bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one of R 6 , hydroxyl or Crdalkyl, wherein the alkyl groups independently are optionally substituted with one ore more of R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 are as defined above.
  • R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached is 6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane optionally substituted with at least one of d-C 6 alkyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached is 1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane 6- aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane.
  • R 4 is hydrogen or halo.
  • R 4 is hydrogen
  • R 5 is C 3 -C ⁇ 0 cycloalkyl- carbonyl- or C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylCrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-.
  • R 6 is d-C 6 alkyloxy-.
  • R 8 is hydrogen, d-C 6 - alkyl, C 3 -C ⁇ 0 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylCrC 6 alkyI.
  • R 8 is hydrogen. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R 8 is d-C 6 alkyl.
  • R 8 is C 3 -C ⁇ 0 cycloalkyl.
  • R 8 is C 3 -C 10 cyclo- alkylC C 6 alkyl.
  • R 9 is d-C ⁇ alkyl, C 3 - Ciocyclo-alkyl, C 3 -docycloalkylCrC 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C 3 -C 10 hetcycloalkyl- carbonyl-, arylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl-, Crdalkyloxyd-C ⁇ alkyl, NR 12 R 13 carbonylC C 6 - alkyl-, R 14 CrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-, -COR 15 , arylCi-C 6 alkylS(0)n-, aryld-C 6 alkyl or hetaryld- C 6 alkyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R 11 ; and wherein R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and n are defined as above
  • R 9 is CrC ⁇ alkyI, C 3 - docyclo-alkyl, d-docycloalkylCrCealkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C 3 -C ⁇ 0 hetcycloalkyl- carbonyl-, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R 11 .
  • R 9 is arylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl-, NR 12 R 13 carbonylCrC 6 alkyl-, R 14 CrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-, wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R 11 ; and wherein R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 are as defined above.
  • R 9 is d-C 6 alkylS(0) 2 -, arylS(0) 2 -, arylCrC 6 alkylS(0) 2 -, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are option- ally substituted with one or more R 18 .
  • R 9 is NR 12 R 13 - carbonylCrC 6 alkyl- or R 14 CrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-, wherein R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are defined as above.
  • R 9 is NR 12 R 13 car- bonyld-dalkyl-, wherein R 12 , and R 13 are defined as above.
  • R 10 is d-dalkyl, optionally substituted with one or more R 11 .
  • R 10 is arylCrC 6 aIkyl, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R 11 .
  • R 10 is NR 12 R 13 car- bonylCrC 6 alkyl, wherein the alkyl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R 11 .
  • R 11 is R 5 , R 6 , halo, hydroxy, d-C 8 alkyloxy, oxo, cyano, -COR 15 , d-C 8 alkyl or trihalomethyl.
  • R 12 and R 13 independently are hydrogen, d-C 8 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, d-dohetycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, aryld- dalkyl or hetarylCrdalkyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R 18 .
  • R 2 and R 13 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are forming a saturated or partially saturated cyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one R 5 , R 5 oxy-, R 6 , halo, cyano, hydroxy, oxo, d-C 8 alkyl, aryl, hetaryl, aryld-dalkyl, hetarylCrC 6 alkyl, d-C ⁇ alkyloxyCrdalkyl, R 14 d-C 6 alkylcarbonyl- or - COR 15 .
  • R 14 is d-dalkyloxy, d-docycloalkyloxy-, d-docycloalkyld-C ⁇ alkyloxy-, C 3 -C 10 hetcycloalkyloxy-, arylCrdalkyl- oxy, hetarylCrC 6 alkyloxy, -NR 12 R 13 , or -COR 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R 20 .
  • R 15 is d-C 6 alkyl, hydroxy or d-C 8 alkyloxy.
  • R 15 is aryl, aryloxy or arylCrC 6 alkyloxy.
  • the compounds of the general formula (I) or a prodrug thereof is selected from the group of compounds of examples 1 through 16, or salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, including a racemic mixture, or any tautomeric forms.
  • the compounds of the present invention have asymmetric centers and may occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, and as individual enantiomers or diastereoisomers, with all isomeric forms being included in the present invention as well as mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention also encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present compounds.
  • Such salts include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts.
  • Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic acids as well as organic acids. Representative examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, sulfuric, nitric acids and the like.
  • suitable organic acids include formic, acetic, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, benzoic, cinnamic, citric, fumaric, glycolic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, oxalic, picric, pyruvic, salicylic, succinic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, tartaric, ascorbic, pamoic, bismethylene salicylic, ethanedisulfonic, gluconic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, EDTA, glycolic, p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic acids, sulphates, nitrates, phosphates, perchlorates, borates, acetates, benzoates, hydroxynaph- thoates, glycero
  • pharmaceuti- cally acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition salts include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts listed in J. Pharm. Sci., 66, 2 (1977), which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • metal salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, barium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, calcium salts and the like.
  • amines and organic amines include ammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, bu- tylamine, tetramethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, meglumine, ethylenediamine, choline, N.N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, N-benzylphenylethylamine, N- methyl-D-glucamine, guanidine and the like.
  • cationic amino acids include lysine, arginine, histidine and the like.
  • some of the compounds of the present invention may form solvates with water or common organic solvents. Such solvates are encompassed within the scope of the invention.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are prepared by reacting a compound of the present invention with 1 to 4 equivalents of a base such as sodium hydroxide, sodium meth- oxide, sodium hydride, potassium terf-butoxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and the like, in solvents like ether, THF, methanol, te/f-butanol, dioxane, isopropanol, ethanol etc. Mixtures of solvents may be used. Organic bases like lysine, arginine, diethanolamine, choline, guandine and their derivatives etc. may also be used.
  • acid addition salts wherever applicable are prepared by treatment with acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, maleic acid salicylic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, ascorbic acid, palmitic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid and the like in solvents like ethyl acetate, ether, alcohols, acetone, THF, dioxane etc. Mixture of solvents may also be used.
  • acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, maleic acid salicylic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, ascorbic
  • stereoisomers of the compounds forming part of this invention may be prepared by using reactants in their single enantiomeric form in the process wherever possible or by conducting the reaction in the presence of reagents or catalysts in their single enantiomer form or by resolving the mixture of stereoisomers by conventional methods.
  • Some of the preferred methods include use of microbial resolution, enzymatic resolution, resolving the diastereomeric salts formed with chiral acids such as mandelic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and the like wherever applicable or chiral bases such as brucine, (R)- or (S)-phenylethylamine, cinchona alkaloids and their derivatives and the like.
  • the compound of the present invention may be converted to a 1 :1 mixture of diastereomeric amides by treating with chiral amines, ami- noacids, aminoalcohols derived from aminoacids; conventional reaction conditions may be employed to convert acid into an amide; the diastereomers may be separated either by fractional crystallization or chromatography and the stereoisomers of compound of formula I may be prepared by hydrolysing the pure diastereomeric amide.
  • polymorphs of the compounds forming part of this invention may be prepared by crystallization of said compounds under different conditions; for example, using different solvents commonly used or their mixtures for recrystallization; crystallizations at different temperatures; or various modes of cooling, ranging from very fast to very slow cooling during crystallizations. Polymorphs may also be obtained by heating or melting the com- pound followed by gradual or fast cooling. The presence of polymorphs may be determined by solid probe nmr spectroscopy, ir spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction or such other techniques.
  • the invention also encompasses prodrugs of the present compounds, which on administration undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming active pharmacological substances.
  • prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the present compounds, which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound of the present invention.
  • Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs", ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985. It is a well known problem in drug discovery that compounds, such as enzyme inhibitors, may be very potent and selective in biochemical assays, yet be inactive in vivo.
  • bioavailability may be ascribed to a number of different factors such as lack of or poor absorption in the gut, first pass metabolism in the liver and/or poor uptake in cells.
  • factors determining bioavailability are not completely understood, there are many examples in the scientific literature - well known to those skilled in the art - of how to modify compounds, which are potent and selective in biochemical assays but show low or no activity in vivo, into drugs that are biologically active.
  • the Original compound' it is within the scope of the invention to modify the compounds of the present invention, termed the Original compound', by attaching chemical groups that will improve the bioavailability of said compounds in such a way that the uptake in cells or mammals is facilitated.
  • esters for instance methyl esters, ethyl esters, tert-butyl, acetoxy methyl, pivaloyloxymethyl esters or other acy- loxymethyl esters.
  • esters for instance methyl esters, ethyl esters, tert-butyl, acetoxy methyl, pivaloyloxymethyl esters or other acy- loxymethyl esters.
  • 'modified compounds' for instance methyl esters, ethyl esters, tert-butyl, acetoxy methyl, pivaloyloxymethyl esters or other acy- loxymethyl esters.
  • the invention also encompasses active metabolites of the present compounds.
  • the compounds according to the invention alter, and more specifically, reduce the level of active, intracellular glucocorticoid and are accordingly useful for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of disorders and diseases in which such a modulation or reduction is beneficial.
  • the present compounds may be applicable for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in the Adult (LADA), type 1 diabetes, diabetic late complications including cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular disorders, disorders of lipid metabolism, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, dysregulation of intraocular pressure including glaucoma, immune disorders, inappropriate immune responses, musculo-skeletal disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, polycystic ovarie syndrome (PCOS), reduced hair growth or other diseases, disorders or conditions that are influenced by intracellular glucocorticoid levels, adverse effects of increased blood levels of active endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid, and any combination thereof, adverse effects of increased plasma levels of endogenous active glucocorticoid, Cushing's disease, Cushing's syndrome, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of
  • the present compounds may be applicable for the treatment, pre- vention and/or prophylaxis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, diabetes as a consequence of obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, prandial hyperglycemia, hyperinsuline- mia, inappropriately low insulin secretion, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), increased hepatic glucose production, type 1 diabetes, LADA, pediatric diabetes, dyslipidemia, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipopro- teinemia, hypercholesterolemia, decreased HDL cholesterol, impaired LDL/HDL ratio, other disorders of lipid metabolism, obesity, visceral obesity, obesity as a consequence of diabetes, increased food intake, hypertension, diabetic late complications, micro-/macroalbu- minuria, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic ulcers, cardiovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia
  • asthma cystic fibrosis, emphysema, bronchitis, hypersensitivity, pneumonitis, eosinophilic pneumonias, pulmonary fibrosis, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor ago- nist treatment of inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of disorders of the immune system, connective tissue and joints e.g.
  • hemolytic anemia thrombocytopenia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
  • adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of cancer such as spinal cord diseases, neoplastic compression of the spinal cord, brain tumours, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, chemotherapy-induced nausea, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of diseases of muscle and at the neuro-muscular joint e.g. myas- thenia gravis and heriditary myopathies (e.g. Duchenne muscular dystrophy), adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment in the context of surgery & transplantation e.g.
  • cancer such as spinal cord diseases, neoplastic compression of the spinal cord, brain tumours, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, chemotherapy-induced nausea
  • adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of diseases of muscle and at the neuro-muscular joint e
  • the invention relates to a compound according to the invention for use as a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising, as an active ingredient, at least one compound according to the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is preferably in unit dosage form, comprising from about 0.05 mg/day to about 2000 mg/day, preferably from about 1 mg/day to about 500 mg/day of a compound according to the invention.
  • the patient is treated with a compound according to the invention for at least about 1 week, for at least about 2 weeks, for at least about 4 weeks, for at least about 2 months or for at least about 4 months.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is for oral, nasal, transdermal, pulmonal or parenteral administration.
  • the invention relates to the use of a compound according to the invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of disorders and diseases wherein a modulation or an inhibition of the activity of 11 ⁇ HSD1 is beneficial.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of disorders and diseases wherein a modulation or an inhibition of the activity of 11 ⁇ HSD1 is beneficial, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound according to the invention.
  • the present compounds are used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of any diseases and conditions that are influenced by intracellular glucocorticoid levels as mentioned above.
  • the present compounds are used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of conditions and disorders where a decreased level of active intracellular glucocorticoid is desirable, such as the conditions and diseases mentioned above.
  • the present compounds are used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of the metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity.
  • the present compounds are used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
  • ITT impaired glucose tolerance
  • IGF impaired fasting glucose
  • the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the delaying or prevention of the progression from IGT to type 2 diabetes.
  • the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the delaying or prevention of the progression of the metabolic syndrome into type 2 diabetes.
  • the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of diabetic late complications including cardiovascular diseases; arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis.
  • the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
  • the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment or therapy.
  • the route of administration may be any route which effectively transports a compound according to the invention to the appropriate or desired site of action, such as oral, nasal, buccal, transdermal, pulmonal, or parenteral.
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with one or more further active substances in any suitable ratios.
  • Such further active substances may e.g. be selected from antiobesity agents, antidiabetics, agents modifying the lipid metabolism, antihypertensive agents, glucocorticoid receptor agonists, agents for the treatment and/or prevention of complications resulting from or associated with diabe- tes and agents for the treatment and/or prevention of complications and disorders resulting from or associated with obesity.
  • the present compounds may be administered in combination with one or more antiobesity agents or appetite regulating agents.
  • agents may be selected from the group consisting of CART (cocaine amphetamine regulated transcript) agonists, NPY (neuropeptide Y) antagonists, MC4 (melano- cortin 4) agonists, orexin antagonists, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) agonists, CRF (corticotro- pin releasing factor) agonists, CRF BP (corticotropin releasing factor binding protein) antagonists, urocortin agonists, ⁇ 3 agonists, MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) agonists, MCH (melanocyte-concentrating hormone) antagonists, CCK (cholecystokinin) agonists, serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors, mixed serotonin and noradrenergic compounds,
  • CART cocaine amp
  • the antiobesity agent is leptin; dexamphetamine or amphetamine; fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine; sibutramine; orlistat; mazindol or phen- termine.
  • Suitable antidiabetic agents include insulin, insulin analogues and derivatives such as those disclosed in EP 792290 (Novo Nordisk A/S), e.g. N ⁇ B 9 -tetradecanoyl des (B30) human insulin, EP 214826 and EP 705275 (Novo Nordisk A/S), e.g. Asp B28 human insulin, US 5,504,188 (Eli Lilly), e.g. Lys B28 Pro 629 human insulin, EP 368 187 (Aventis), e.g.
  • GLP-1 glucagon like peptide-1
  • GLP-1 derivatives such as those disclosed in WO 98/08871 to Novo Nordisk A S, which is incorporated herein by reference as well as orally active hypoglycaemic agents.
  • the orally active hypoglycaemic agents preferably comprise sulphonylureas, bigua- nides, meglitinides, glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon antagonists such as those disclosed in WO 99/01423 to Novo Nordisk A/S and Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., GLP-1 agonists, potassium channel openers such as those disclosed in WO 97/26265 and WO 99/03861 to Novo Nordisk A/S which are incorporated herein by reference, DPP-IV (dipeptidyl peptidase- IV) inhibitors, inhibitors of hepatic enzymes involved in stimulation of gluconeogenesis and/or glycogenolysis, glucose uptake modulators, compounds modifying the lipid metabolism such as antihypieripidemic agents and antilipidemic agents as PPAR ⁇ modulators, PPAR ⁇ modulators, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, HSL (hormone-sensitive lipase) inhibitors and HMG CoA inhibitors (statins
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with insulin or an insulin analogue or derivative, such as N ⁇ B29 -tetradecanoyl des (B30) human insulin, Asp B28 human insulin, Lys B28 Pro 829 human insulin, Lantus®, or a mix-preparation comprising one or more of these.
  • an insulin analogue or derivative such as N ⁇ B29 -tetradecanoyl des (B30) human insulin, Asp B28 human insulin, Lys B28 Pro 829 human insulin, Lantus®, or a mix-preparation comprising one or more of these.
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with a sulphonylurea e.g. tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide or glicazide.
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with a biguanide e.g. metformin.
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with a meglitinide e.g. repaglinide or senaglinide.
  • a meglitinide e.g. repaglinide or senaglinide.
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with a thiazolidinedione e.g. troglitazone, ciglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or compounds disclosed in WO 97/41097 such as 5-[[4-[3-MethyI-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-quinazo- linyl]methoxy]phenyl-methyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preferably the potassium salt.
  • a thiazolidinedione e.g. troglitazone, ciglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or compounds disclosed in WO 97/41097 such as 5-[[4-[3-MethyI-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-quinazo- linyl]methoxy]phenyl-methyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione or
  • the present compounds may be administered in combination with the insulin sensitizers disclosed in WO 99/19313 such as (-) 3-[4-[2-Phenoxazin- 10-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-ethoxypropanoic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, preferably the arginine salt.
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with an ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitor e.g. miglitol or acarbose.
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with an agent acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the ⁇ -cells e.g. tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, glicazide or repaglinide.
  • an agent acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the ⁇ -cells e.g. tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, glicazide or repaglinide.
  • the present compounds may be administered in combination with nateglinide.
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with an antihypieripidemic agent or antilipidemic agent e.g. cholestyramine, colestipol, clofi- brate, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, bezafibrate, tesaglitazar, EML-4156, LY-818, MK-767, ator- vastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, acipimox, probucol, ezetimibe or dextrothyroxine.
  • an antihypieripidemic agent or antilipidemic agent e.g. cholestyramine, colestipol, clofi- brate, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, bezafibrate, tesaglitazar, EML-4156, LY-818, MK-767, ator- vastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin,
  • the present compounds are administered in combination with more than one of the above-mentioned compounds e.g. in combination with a sulphony- lurea and metformin, a sulphonylurea and acarbose, repaglinide and metformin, insulin and a sulphonylurea, insulin and metformin, insulin, insulin and lovastatin, etc.
  • the present compounds may be administered in combination with one or more antihypertensive agents.
  • antihypertensive agents are ⁇ -blockers such as alprenolol, atenolol, timolol, pindolol, propranolol, metoprolol, bisoprololfumerate, esmolol, acebutelol, metoprolol, acebutolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, nebivolol, tertatolol, oxprenolol, amusolalul, carvedilol, labetalol, ⁇ 2-receptor blockers e.g.
  • S-atenolol, OPC-1085, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors such as quinapril, lisinopril, enalapril, captopril, benazepril, perindopril, trandolapril, fosinopril, ramipril, cilazapril, delapril, imidapril, moexipril, spirapril, temocapril, zofenopril, S-5590, fasidotril, Hoechst-Marion Roussel: 100240 (EP 00481522), omapatrilat, gemopatrilat and GW-660511 , calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, felodipine, nicardipine, isradipine, nimodipine, diltiazem, amlodipine, nitrendipine
  • loop-diuretics e.g. bumetanide, furosemide and torasemide
  • potassium sparing diuretics e.g. amiloride, spironolactone
  • endothelin ET-A antagonists such as ABT-546, ambrisetan, atrasentan, SB- 234551, CI-1034, S-0139 and YM-598
  • endothelin antagonists e.g. bosentan and J-104133
  • renin inhibitors such as aliskiren, vasopressin V1 antagonists e.g.
  • vasopressin V2 antagonists such as tolvaptan, SR-121463 and OPC-31260
  • B-type natriuretic peptide agonists e.g. Nesiritide, angiotensin II antagonists such as irbesartan, candesartancilexetil, losartan, valsartan, telmisartan, eprosartan, candesartan, CL-329167, eprosartan, iosartan, olmesartan, pratosartan, TA-606, and YM-358, 5-HT2 agonists e.g.
  • adenosine A1 antagonists such as naftopidil, N-0861 and FK-352
  • thromboxane A2 antagonists such as KT2-962
  • endopeptidase inhibitors e.g. ecadotril
  • nitric oxide agonists such as LP-805
  • dopamine D1 antagonists e.g. MYD-37
  • dopamine D2 agonists such as nolomirole, n-3 fatty acids e.g. omacor
  • prostacyclin agonists such as treprostinil, beraprost
  • PGE1 agonists e.g.
  • ecraprost Na+/K+ ATPase modulators e.g. PST-2238, Potassium channel activators e.g. KR-30450, vaccines such as PMD-3117, Indapamides, CGRP- unigene, guanylate cyclase stimulators, hydralazines, methyldopa, docarpamine, moxo- nidine, CoAprovel, MondoBiotech-811.
  • the present compounds may be administered in combination with one or more glucocorticoid receptor agonists.
  • glucocorticoid receptor agonists examples include betametasone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone, beclomethasone, butixicort, clobetasol, flunisolide, flucatisone (and analogues), momethasone, triamcinolonacetonide, triamcinolonhexacetonide GW-685698, NXC-1015, NXC-1020, NXC-1021, NS-126, P-4112, P-4114, RU-24858 and T-25 series.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients, in either single or multiple doses.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may be formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents as well as any other known adjuvants and ex- cipients in accordance with conventional techniques such as those disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19 th Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 1995.
  • compositions may be specifically formulated for administration by any suitable route such as the oral, rectal, nasal, pulmonary, topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous and intradermal) route, the oral route being preferred. It will be appreciated that the preferred route will depend on the general condition and age of the subject to be treated, the nature of the condition to be treated and the active ingredient chosen.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration include solid dosage forms such as hard or soft capsules, tablets, troches, dragees, pills, lozenges, powders and granules.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
  • compositions for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and non-aqueous injectable solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as ster- He powders to be reconstituted in sterile injectable solutions or dispersions prior to use. Depot injectable formulations are also contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.
  • a typical oral dosage is in the range of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day, preferably from about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg body weight per day, and more preferred from about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg body weight per day administered in one or more dosages such as 1 to 3 dosages.
  • the exact dosage will depend upon the frequency and mode of administration, the sex, age, weight and general condition of the subject treated, the nature and severity of the condition treated and any concomitant diseases to be treated and other factors evident to those skilled in the art.
  • a typical unit dosage form for oral administration one or more times per day such as 1 to 3 times per day may contain from 0.05 to about 2000 mg, e.g. from about 0.1 to about 1000 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 500 mg., from about 1 mg to about 200 mg, e.g. about 100 mg.
  • compositions of this invention are generally utilized as the free substance or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • examples are an acid addition salt of a compound having the utility of a free base and a base addition salt of a compound having the utility of a free acid.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to non-toxic salts ofthe compounds for use according to the present invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid or by reacting the acid with a suitable organic or inorganic base.
  • salts are prepared in a conventional manner by treating a solution or suspension of the compound with a chemical equivalent of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid.
  • a compounds for use according to the present invention contains a free acid such salts are prepared in a conventional manner by treating a solution or suspension of the compound with a chemical equivalent of a pharmaceutically acceptable base.
  • Physiologically acceptable salts of a compound with a hydroxy group include the anion of said compound in combination with a suitable cation such as sodium or ammonium ion.
  • Other salts which are not pharmaceutically acceptable may be useful in the preparation of compounds for use according to the present invention and these form a further aspect of the present invention.
  • solutions ofthe present compounds in sterile aqueous solution aqueous propylene glycol or sesame or peanut oil may be employed.
  • aqueous solutions should be suitable buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose.
  • the aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration.
  • the sterile aqueous media employed are all readily available by standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents.
  • suitable carriers are water, salt solutions, alcohols, polyethylene glycols, polyhydroxyethoxylated castor oil, peanut oil, olive oil, syrup, phospholipids, gelatine, lactose, terra alba, sucrose, cyclodextrin, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, stearic acid or lower alkyl ethers of cellulose, silicic acid, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene, hydroxymethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • the carrier or diluent may include any sustained release material known in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or mixed with a wax.
  • the formulations may also include wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preserving agents, sweetening agents or flavouring agents.
  • compositions formed by combining the compounds of the invention and the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are then readily administered in a variety of dosage forms suitable for the disclosed routes of administration.
  • the formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known in the art of pharmacy.
  • Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, and which may include a suitable excipient. These formulations may be in the form of powder or granules, as a solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any known method, and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavouring agents, colouring agents, and preserving agents in order to pro- vide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations.
  • Tablets may contain the active ingre- dominant excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets.
  • excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example corn starch or alginic acid; binding agents, for exam- pie, starch, gelatine or acacia; and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.
  • the tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
  • a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. They may also be coated by the techniques described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,356,108; 4,166,452; and 4,265,874, incorporated herein by reference, to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for controlled release.
  • Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatine capsules where the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or a soft gelatine capsule wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
  • an inert solid diluent for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
  • an oil medium for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
  • Aqueous suspensions may contain the active compounds in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
  • excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide such as lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example, heptadecaethyl- eneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene
  • Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegeta- ble oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as a liquid paraffin.
  • the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavouring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
  • Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active compound in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives.
  • a dispersing or wetting agent e.g., kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, sorbi- ents, sorbi- ents, sorbi- ents, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol,
  • the pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound for use according to the present invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions.
  • the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example, olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example a liquid paraffin, or a mixture thereof.
  • Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
  • the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavouring agents.
  • Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose.
  • Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, preservative and flavouring and colouring agent.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known methods using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspend- ing agents described above.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1 ,3-butanediol.
  • a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent for example as a solution in 1 ,3-butanediol.
  • acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conveniently employed as solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil may be employed using synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
  • compositions may also be in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the compounds of the present invention.
  • These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will thus melt in the rectum to release the drug.
  • suitable non-irritating excipient include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols, for example.
  • creams, ointments, jellies, solutions of suspensions, etc., containing the compounds of the present invention are contemplated.
  • topical applications shall include mouth washes and gargles.
  • the compounds for use according to the present invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multilamellar vesicles.
  • Liposomes may be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine, or phosphatidylcholines.
  • some of the compounds for use according to the present invention may form solvates with water or common organic solvents. Such solvates are also encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound for use according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents.
  • the preparation may be tabletted, placed in a hard gelatine capsule in powder or pellet form or it can be in the form of a troche or lozenge.
  • the amount of solid carrier will vary widely but will usually be from about 25 mg to about 1 g.
  • the preparation may be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatine capsule or sterile injectable liquid such as an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension or solution.
  • a typical tablet which may be prepared by conventional tabletting techniques may contain: Core:
  • Active compound (as free compound or salt thereof) 5.0 mg
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered to a patient which is a mammal, especially a human in need thereof.
  • mammals include also animals, both domestic animals, e.g. household pets, and non-domestic animals such as wildlife.
  • the present invention also relate to the below methods of preparing the compounds of the invention.
  • Preparative HPLC Column: 1.9 x 15 cm Waters XTerra RP-18. Buffer: linear gradient 5 - 95 % in 15 min, MeCN, 0.1 % TFA, flow rate of 15 ml/min. The pooled fractions are either evaporated to dryness in vacuo, or evaporated in vacuo until the MeCN is removed, and then frozen and freeze dried.
  • DIPEA Diisopropylethylamine
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 9 , X and Y are defined as above and R 6 is C 3 - docycloalkyl, C 3 -C ⁇ 0 hetcyclo-alkyl, aryl, hetaryl, R 14 CrC 6 alkylcarbonyl-, CrC 6 aIkylS(0) n -, arylS(0) n - or arylCrC 6 alkylS(0) n -, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl groups optionally are substituted with one or more R 11 as defined above.
  • R ⁇ R 2 , R 4 , R 9 , n, X and Y are defined as above and R 6 is d-C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 - dohetcycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl or aryld-dalkyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups optionally are substituted with one or more R 11 as defined above.

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Abstract

A novel class of compounds of the general formula (I) in which R1 and R2 form a saturated or partially saturated bicyclic or tricyclic ring system, their use in therapy, pharma-ceutical compositions comprising the compounds, as well as their use in the manufacture of medicaments are described. The present compounds modulate the activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) and are accordingly useful in the treatment of dis-eases in which such a modulation is beneficial, e.g. the metabolic syndrome.

Description

11β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 1 ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to novel substituted bi- or tricyclic amides, to their use in therapy, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, to the use of said compounds in the manufacture of medicaments, and to therapeutic methods comprising the administration of said compounds. The present compounds modulate the activity of 11 β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) and are accordingly useful in the treatment of diseases in which such a modulation is beneficial, such as the metabolic syndrome.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The metabolic syndrome is a major global health problem. In the US, the prevalence in the adult population is currently estimated to be approximately 25%, and it continues to increase both in the US and worldwide. The metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension leading to increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. People with the metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of developing frank type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of which is equally escalating.
In type 2 diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia are also highly prevalent and around 70% of people with type 2 diabetes additionally have hypertension once again leading to increased mortality of cardiovascular diseases. In the clinical setting, it has long been known that glucocorticoids are able to induce all of the cardinal features of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) catalyses the local generation of active glucocorticoid in several tissues and organs including predominantly the liver and adipose tissue, but also e.g. skeletal muscle, bone, pancreas, endothelium, ocular tissue and certain parts of the central nervous system. Thus, 11βHSD1 serves as a local regulator of glucocorticoid actions in the tissues and organs where it is expressed (Tannin et al., J. Biol. Chem., 266, 16653 (1991); Bujalska et al., Endocrinology, 140, 3188 (1999); Whorwood et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86, 2296 (2001); Cooper et al., Bone, 27, 375 (2000); Da- vani et al., J. Biol. Chem., 275, 34841 (2000); Brem et al., Hypertension, 31, 459 (1998); Rauz et al., Invest. OphthalmoL Vis. Sci., 42, 2037 (2001); Moisan et al., Endocrinology, 127. 1450 (1990)).
The role of 11βHSD1 in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes is supported by several lines of evidence. In humans, treatment with the non-specific 11βHSD1 inhibitor carbenoxolone improves insulin sensitivity in lean healthy volunteers and people with type 2 diabetes. Likewise, 11βHSD1 knock-out mice are resistant to insulin resistance induced by obesity and stress. Additionally, the knock-out mice present with an anti-atherogenic lipid profile of decreased VLDL triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol. Conversely, mice that overexpress 11βHSD1 in adipocytes develop insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and visceral obesity, a phenotype that resembles the human metabolic syndrome (Andrews et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 285 (2003); Walker et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 80, 3155 (1995); Morton et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276, 41293 (2001); Kotelevtsev et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 14924 (1997); Masuzaki et al., Science, 294, 2166 (2001)). The more mechanistic aspects of 11βHSD1 modulation and thereby modulation of intracellular levels of active glucocorticoid have been investigated in several rodent models and different cellular systems. 11βHSD1 promotes the features of the metabolic syndrome by increasing hepatic expression of the rate-limiting enzymes in gluconeogenesis, namely phosphoenolpyuvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, promoting the differentia- tion of preadipocytes into adipocytes thus facilitating obesity, directly and indirectly stimulating hepatic VLDL secretion, decreasing hepatic LDL uptake and increasing vessel contractility (Kotelevtsev et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 14924 (1997); Morton et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276, 41293 (2001); Bujalska et al., Endocrinology, 140, 3188 (1999); Souness et al., Steroids, 67, 195 (2002); Brindley & Salter, Prog. Lipid Res., 30, 349 (1991)). WO 01/90090, WO 01/90091 , WO 01/90092, WO 01/90093 and WO 01/90094 discloses various thiazol-sulfonamides as inhibitors of the human 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme, and further states that said compounds may be useful in treating diabetes, obesity, glaucoma, osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, immune disorders and depression. We have now found novel substituted bi- or tricyclic amides that modulate the activity of 11βHSD1 leading to altered intracellular concentrations of active glucocorticoid. More specifically, the present compounds inhibit the activity of 11βHSD1 leading to decreased intracellular concentrations of active glucocorticoid. Thus, the present compounds can be used to treat disorders where a decreased level of active intracellular glucocorticoid is desirable, such as e.g. the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, diabetic late complications, cardiovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, myopathy, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, and adverse effects of treatment or therapy with glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Objects of the present invention are to provide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and use of said compounds that modulate the activity of 11 βHSD1.
DEFINITIONS
In the following structural formulas and throughout the present specification, the fol- lowing terms have the indicated meaning:
The term "halo" includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
The term "trihalomethyl" includes trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, tribromomethyl, and triiodomethyl.
The term "trihalomethoxy" includes trifluorometoxy, trichlorometoxy, tribromometoxy, and triiodometoxy.
The term "alkyl" includes C C8, preferred Cι-C6 straight chain saturated and methylene aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, C3-C8 branched saturated hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms. For example, this definition shall include but is not limited to methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), propyl (Pr), butyl (Bu), pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl (i-Pr), isobu- tyl (i-Bu), tert-butyl (f-Bu), sec-butyl (s-Bu), isopentyl, neopentyl, and the like.
The term "alkenyl" includes C2-C6 straight chain unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and branched C3-C6 unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms. For example, this definition shall include but is not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, methyl propenyl, methylbutenyl and the like. The term "alkynyl" includes C2-C6 straight chain unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and C4-C6 branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms. For example, this definition shall include but is not limited to ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, methylbutynyl, and the like.
The term "saturated or partially saturated cyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system" represents but are not limited to azepanyl, azocanyl, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolinyl, 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoquinolinyl, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoxalinyl, indolinyl, 6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 2-aza-bicyclo[4.1.1]octane, 2-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 7-aza-bicyclo[4.1.1]octanyl, 9-aza- bicyclo[3.3.2]decanyl, 4-aza-tricyclo[4.3.1.13'8]undecanyl, 9-aza-tricyclo[3.3.2.03'7]decanyl, 8- aza-spiro[4.5]decane. The term "cycloalkyl" (e.g. cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohep- tyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, spiro[4.5]decyl, norpinyl, norbonyl, norcaryl, adamantyl and the like) represents a saturated, mono-, bi-, tri- or spirocarbocyclic group having the specified number of carbon atoms. The term "cycloalkylalkyl" (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylethyl, adamantylmethyl and the like) represents a cycloalkyl group as defined above attached through an alkyl group having the indicated number of carbon atoms or substituted alkyl group as defined above.
The term "cycloalkenyl" (e.g. cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohep- tenyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclononenyl, cyclodecenyl and the like) represents a partially saturated, mono-, bi-, tri- or spirocarbocyclic group having the specified number of carbon atoms.
The term "cycloalkylcarbonyl" (e.g. cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl) represents an cycloalkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a carbonyl group. The term "hetcycloalkylcarbonyl" (e.g. 1-piperidin-4-yl-carbonyl, 1-(1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydro-isoquinolin-6-yl)carbonyl) represents an hetcycloalkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a carbonyl group.
The term "hetcycloalkyl" (e.g. tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tertahy- drothiopyranyl, piperidine, pyridazine and the like) represents a saturated mono-, bi-, tri- or spirocarbocyclic group having the specified number of carbon atoms and one or two additional heteroatoms or groups selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, SO or S02.
The term "hetcycloalkylalkyl" (e.g. tetrahydrofuranylmethyl, tetrahydropyranylethyl, tertahydrothiopyranylmethyl, and the like) represents a hetcycloalkyl group as defined above attached through an alkyl group having the indicated number of carbon atoms or substituted alkyl group as defined above.
The term "alkyloxy" (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy, allyloxy, cyclohexyloxy) represents an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge.
The term "alkyloxyalkyl" (e.g. methyloxymethyl and the like) represents an alkyloxy group as defined above attached through an "alkyl" group.
The term "aryloxy" (e.g. phenoxy, naphthyloxy and the like) represents an aryl group as defined below attached through an oxygen bridge.
The term "hetaryloxy" (e.g. 2-pyridyloxy and the like) represents a hetaryl group as defined below attached through an oxygen bridge. The term "aryloxyalkyl" (e.g. phenoxymethyl, naphthyloxyethyl and the like) represents an aryloxy group as defined above attached through an "alkyl" group having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
The term "arylalkyloxy" (e.g. phenethyloxy, naphthylmethyloxy and the like) represents an arylalkyl group as defined below attached through an oxygen bridge. The term "hetarylalkyloxy" (e.g. 2-pyridylmethyloxy and the like) represents a hetary- lalkyl group as defined below attached through an oxygen bridge.
The term "hetaryloxyalkyl" (e.g. 2-pyridyloxymethyl, 2-quinolyloxyethyl and the like) represents a hetaryloxy group as defined above attached through an "alkyl" group having the 5 indicated number of carbon atoms.
The term "hetarylalkyloxyalkyl" (e.g. 4-methoxymethyl-pyrimidine, 2-methoxymethyl- quinoline and the like) represents a hetarylalkyloxy group as defined above attached through an "alkyl" group having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
The term "arylalkyloxyalkyl" (e.g. ethoxymethyl-benzene, 2-methoxymethyl- 10 naphthalene and the like) represents an arylalkyloxy group as defined above attached through an "alkyl" group having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
The term "alkylthio" (e.g. methylthio, ethylthio and the like) represents an alkyl group as defined above attached through a sulphur bridge.
The term "alkyloxycarbonyl" (e.g. methylformiat, ethylformiat and the like) represents 15. an alkyloxy group as defined above attached through a carbonyl group.
The term "aryloxycarbonyl" (e.g. phenylformiat, 2-thiazolylformiat and the like) represents an aryloxy group as defined above attached through a carbonyl group.
The term "arylalkyloxycarbonyl" (e.g. benzylformiat, phenyletylformiat and the like) represents an "arylalkyloxy" group as defined above attached through a carbonyl group. 20 The term "arylalkyl" (e.g. benzyl, phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 1-naphtylmethyl, 2-(1- naphtyl)ethyl and the like ) represents an aryl group as defined below attached through an alkyl having the indicated number of carbon atoms or substituted alkyl group as defined above.
The term "hetarylalkyl" (e.g. (2-furyl)methyl, (3-furyl)methyl, (2-thienyl)methyi, (3- 5 thienyl)methyl, (2-pyridyl)methyl, 1-methyl-1-(2-pyrimidyl)ethyl and the like) represents a hetaryl group as defined below attached through an alkyl having the indicated number of carbon atoms or substituted alkyl group as defined above.
The term "alkylcarbonyl" (e.g. octylcarbonyl, pentylcarbonyl, 3-hexenylcarbonyl) represents an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms 0 attached through a carbonyl group.
The term "arylcarbonyl" (e.g. benzoyl) represents an aryl group as defined below attached through a carbonyl group.
The term "hetarylcarbonyl" (e.g. 2-thiophenylcarbonyl, 3-methoxy-anthryIcarbonyl, oxazolylcarbonyl and the like) represents a hetaryl group as defined below attached through 5 a carbonyl group. The term "alkylcarbonylalkyl" (e.g. propan-2-one, 4,4-dimethyl-pentan-2-one and the like) represents an alkylcarbonyl group as defined above attached through an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
The term "hetarylcarbonylalkyl" (e.g. 1-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-one, 1-(1-rY-imidazoi-2- yl)-propan-1-one and the like) represents a hetarylcarbonyl group as defined above attached through an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
The term "arylalkylcarbonyl" (e.g. phenylpropylcarbonyl, phenylethylcarbonyl and the like) represents an arylalkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a carbonyl group. The term "hetarylalkylcarbonyl" (e.g. imidazolylpentylcarbonyl and the like) represents a hetarylalkyl group as defined above wherein the alkyl group is in turn attached through a carbonyl.
The term "alkylcarboxy" (e.g. heptylcarboxy, cyclopropylcarboxy, 3-pentenyIcarboxy) represents an alkylcarbonyl group as defined above wherein the carbonyl is in turn attached through an oxygen bridge.
The term "arylcarboxy" (e.g. benzoic acid and the like) represents an arylcarbonyl group as defined above wherein the carbonyl is in turn attached through an oxygen bridge.
The term "alkylcarboxyalkyl" (e.g. heptylcarboxymethyl, propylcarboxy te/ -butyl, 3- pentylcarboxyethyl) represents an alkylcarboxy group as defined above wherein the carboxy group is in turn attached through an alkyl group as defined above having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
The term "arylalkylcarboxy" (e.g. benzylcarboxy, phenylpropylcarboxy and the like) represents an arylalkylcarbonyl group as defined above wherein the carbonyl is in turn attached through an oxygen bridge. The term "hetarylalkylcarboxy" (e.g. (1-H-imidazol-2-yl)-acetic acid, 3-pyrimidin-2-yl- propionic acid and the like) represents a hetarylalkylcarbonyl group as defined above wherein the carbonyl is in turn attached through an oxygen bridge.
The term "alkylS(0)n" (e.g. ethylsulfonyl, ethylsulfinyl and the like) represents an alkyl group as defined above, wherein the alkyl group is in turn attached through a sulphur bridge wherein the sulphur is substituted with n oxygen atoms.
The term "arylS(0)n" (e.g. phenylsulfinyl, naphthyl-2-sulfonyl and the like) represents an aryl group as defined above, wherein the aryl group is in turn attached through a sulphur bridge wherein the sulphur is substituted with n oxygen atoms. The term "arylalkylS(0)n" (e.g. benzylsulfinyl, phenetyl-2-sulfonyl and the like) represents an arylalkyl group as defined above, wherein the arylalkyl group is in turn attached through a sulphur bridge wherein the sulphur is substituted with n oxygen atoms.
The term "aryl" includes but is not limited to a carbocyclic aromatic ring system be- ing either monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic, such as phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, indenyl, pentalenyl, azulenyl, biphenylenyl and the like. Aryl is also intended to include the partially hydrogenated derivatives of the carbocyclic aromatic systems enumerated above. Non-limiting examples of such partially hydrogenated derivatives are 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, 1 ,4-dihydronaphthyl and the like. The term "hetaryl" includes but is not limited to pyrrolyl (2-pyrrolyl), pyrazolyl (3- pyrazolyl), imidazolyl (1 -imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazoIyl, 5-imidazolyl), triazolyl (1,2,3- triazol-1-yI, 1 ,2,3-triazol-2-yl 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl), oxazolyl (2-oxazolyl, 4- oxazolyl, 5-oxazoIyl), isoxazolyl (3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl), thiazolyl (2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl), thiophenyl (2-thiophenyl, 3-thiophenyl, 4-thiophenyl, 5-thiophenyl), furanyl (2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, 4-furanyl, 5-furanyl), pyridyl (2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 5- pyridyl), 5-tetrazolyl, pyrimidinyl (2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 6-pyrimidinyl), pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl (3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 5-pyridazinyl), quinolyl (2-quinolyl, 3- quinolyl, 4-quinolyl, 5-quinolyl, 6-quinolyl, 7-quinolyl, 8-quinolyl), isoquinolyl (1-isoquinolyl, 3- isoquinolyl, 4-isoquinolyl, 5-isoquinolyl, 6-isoquinolyl, 7-isoquinolyl, 8-isoquinolyl), ben- zo[b]furanyl (2-benzo[b]furanyI, 3-benzo[b]furanyl, 4-benzo[b]furanyl, 5-benzo[b]furanyl, 6- benzo[b]furanyl, 7-benzo[b]furanyl), 2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl (2-(2,3-dihydro-ben- zo[b]furanyl), 3-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl), 4-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl), 5-(2,3-dihydro- benzo[b]furanyl), 6-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyI), 7-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl)), ben- zo[b]thiophenyl (2-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 3-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 4-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 5-ben- zo[b]thiophenyl, 6-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 7-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl (2-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 3-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 4-(2,3-dihydro-ben- zo[b]thiophenyl), 5-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 6-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 7- (2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl)), 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl (2-(4,5,6,7-tetra- hydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- benzo[b]thiophenyl), 5-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 6-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-ben- zo[b]thiophenyl), 7-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl)), thieno[2,3-b]thiophenyl, 4,5,6,7- tetrahydro-thieno[2,3-c]pyridyl (4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[2,3-c]pyridyl), 5-4,5,6,7-tetra- hydro-thieno[2,3-c]pyridyl)I 6-(4,5)6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[2,3-c]pyridyl), 7-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- thieno[2,3-c]pyridyl)), indolyl (1-indolyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl, 5-indolyl, 6-indolyl, 7- indolyl), isoindolyl (1-isoindolyl, 2-isoindolyl, 3-isoindolyl, 4-isoindolyl, 5-isoindolyl, 6-isoin- dolyl, 7-isoindolyl), 1 ,3-dihydro-isoindolyl (1 -(1 ,3-dihydro-isoindolyl), 2-(1 ,3-dihydro-isoindo- lyl), 3-(1 ,3-dihydro-isoindolyl), 4-(1,3-dihydro-isoindolyl), 5-(1 ,3-dihydro-isoindolyl), 6-(1 ,3- dihydro-isoindolyl), 7-(1 ,3-dihydro-isoindolyl)), indazole (1-indazolyI, 3-indazolyl, 4-indazolyl, 5-indazolyl, 6-indazolyl, 7-indazolyl), benzimidazolyl (1 -benzimidazolyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 4- benzimidazolyl, 5-benzimidazolyl, 6-benzimidazolyl, 7-benzimidazolyl, 8-benzimidazolyl), benzoxazolyl (1-benz-oxazolyl, 2-benzoxazolyl), benzothiazolyl (1-benzothiazolyl, 2-benzo- thiazolyl, 4-benzothiazolyl, 5-benzothiazolyl, 6-benzothiazolyl, 7-benzothiazolyl), benzo- [1,2,5]oxadiazolyl, (4-benzo[1 ,2,5]oxadiazole, 5-benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazole),carbazolyl (1- carbazolyl, 2-carbazolyl, 3-carbazoIyl, 4-carbazolyl), piperidinyl (2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4- piperidinyl), pyrrolidinyl (1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 3-pyrroIidinyl).
The term "R5oxy" (e.g. MeC(0)0-, phenylC(0)0-,pyridine-2-yl-C(0)0- and the like) represents an R5 group as defined above attached through an oxygen bridge.
The term "R14alkylcarbonyl" (e.g. 2-cyclohexyloxy-acetyl, 3-(1-methyI-piperidin-4- yloxy)-propionyl, 2-phenoxy-acetyl and the like) represents an R14 group as defined above attached through an alkylcarbonyl group as defined above.
The term "R16carbonyl" (e.g. acetyl, 3-phenyl-propionyl, phenyl-acetyl, 2-(pyridin-2- ylmethoxy)-acetyl and the like) represents an R16 group as defined above attached through a carbonyl group.
The term "R16carbonylN(R12)" (e.g. 3-phenyl-propionamide, phenyl-acetamide, 2- (pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-acetamide, Λ/-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-acetamide, benzyl-2- (pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)-acetamide and the like) represents an R16carbonyl group as defined above attached through an amino group substituted with R12 as defined above.
The term "NR12R13carbonylalkyl" (e.g. Λ/,Λ/-dimethyl-propionamide, Λ/-isopropyl-/V- methyl-propionamide and the like) represents an NR12R13 group attached through a carbon- ylalkyl group as defined above.
The term "NR12R13alkylcarbonyl" (e.g. Λ/,Λ/-dimethyIamino-acetyl, (Λ/-cyclohexyl-Λ/- methyl-amino)-acetyl, 2-(4-acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-acetyl and the like) represents an NR12R13 group attached through an alkylcarbonyl group as defined above.
Certain of the above defined terms may occur more than once in the structural for- mulae, and upon such occurrence each term shall be defined independently of the other.
The term "optionally substituted" as used herein means that the groups in question are either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents specified. When the groups in question are substituted with more than one substituent the substituents may be the same or different. The term "treatment" is defined as the management and care of a patient for the purpose of combating or alleviating the disease, condition or disorder, and the term includes the administration of the active compound to prevent the onset of the symptoms or complications, or alleviating the symptoms or complications, or eliminating the disease, condition, or disorder.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" is defined as being suitable for administration to humans without adverse events.
The term "prodrug" is defined as a chemically modified form of the active drug, said prodrug being administered to the patient and subsequently being converted to the active drug. Techniques for development of prodrugs are well known in the art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is based on the observation that the compounds of the general formulas (I) disclosed below are able to modulate or inhibit the activity of 11 βHSD1.
Accordingly, the present invention is concerned with compounds or prodrugs thereof of the general formula (I)
Figure imgf000010_0001
wherein
R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are forming a saturated or partially saturated bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one of R5, R5oxy~, R6, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, C Ceal yl, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrCealkyl, hetarylCrC6alkyl or CrCealkyloxyCrCealkyl, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one ore more of R7;
R3 is C Cealkyl, -NR8R9, -C(=0)NR8R9 or -OR10, wherein the alkyl group is optionally substituted with one or more of R11;
R4 is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, trihalomethyl or Cι-C6alkyl; R5 is CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, C3-C10cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C3-C10cycloalkylCrC6alkylcarbonyl-, arylcarbonyl-, arylCrC6alkylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl- or hetarylCrC6alkylcarbonyl-;
R6 is CrC6alkyloxy-, aryloxy-, arylCrC6alkyloxy-, hetaryloxy- or hetarylCrC6alkyloxy-;
R7 is hydrogen, C C8alkyl, C C6alkyloxy or arylCrC6alkyl;
R8 is hydrogen, CrC6alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkylCrC6alkyl, CrC6alkyIoxyCr C6alkyl, arylCrC6alkyloxyCrC6alkyl or C2-C6alkenyl;
R9 is CrC6alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkylCrC6alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C3- C-iohetcycloalkylcarbonyl-, arylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl-, CrCealkyloxyCrCealkyl, NR12R13carbonylC C6alkyl-, R 4CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, -COR15, CrC6alkylS(0)n-, arylS(0)n-, arylCrC6alkylS(0)n-, arylCrC6alkyl or hetarylCrC6alkyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalky, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R11;
R10 is d-Cβalkyl, arylCrC6alkyl or NR12R13carbonylCrC6alkyl, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R11;
R11 is R5, R6, halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, -COR15, CrC8alkyl, CrC8alkyIoxy, C3-C10cycloalkyl, trihalomethyl, trihalomethyloxy, aryl, arylCrC6alkyl, CrC6alkyloxyCrC6alkyl, aryloxyCr C6alkyl, arylCrC6alkyloxyCrC6alkyl, hetaryl, hetarylCrC6alkyl, hetaryloxyCrC6alkyl, hetarylCrC6alkyloxyCrC6alkyl, -NR12R13, -S02NR12R13, NR12R13carbonylCrC6alkyl, R16carbonylN(R12)-, arylS(0)n-, hetarylS(0)n- or R17S(0)nN(R12)-; wherein the aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R18;
R 2 and R13 independently are hydrogen, CrC8aIkyl, C3-Cι0cycloalkyl, C3-Cι0cycloalkylCrC6- alkyl, C3-C10hetcycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrC6alkyl or hetarylCrCealkyl wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R18; or
R12 and R13 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are forming a saturated or partially saturated cyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one R5, R5oxy-, R6, halo, cyano, hydroxy, oxo, d-Cβalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrC6aIkyl, hetarylCrCealkyl, CrC6alkyloxyCrC6alkyl, NR12R13carbonyld-C6alkyl, NR12R13d-C6alkylcarbonyl-, R14C C6alkylcarbonyl- or -COR15;
R14 is CrC6alkyloxy, C3-C10cycloalkyloxy-, C3-C10cycloalkyIC1-C6alkyloxy-, C3-d0hetcyclo- alkyloxy-, aryl, hetaryl, aryld-dalkyloxy, hetarylCrC6alkyloxy, -NR12R13, -COR15, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R20;
R15 is Cι-C6alkyl, hydroxy, d-dalkyloxy, -NR12R13, aryl, aryloxy or arylCrdalkyloxy;
R16 is R6, d-Cβalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, aryl, arylC C6alkyI, hetaryl, hetaryld-C6alkyl, C3-C10- cycloalkyl, C3-C10hetcycloalkyl, arylCrC6alkyloxyCrC6alkyl-, hetarylCrC6alkyloxyCrC6alkyl- or R12R13NC C6alkyl- wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups are optionally substituted with R19;
R17 is CrC6alkyl, C3-Cι0cycloalkyl, C3-C10hetcycloalkyl, aryl, arylCrC6alkyl, hetaryl, hetarylCrCealkyl;
R18 is R6, -NR1 R13, oxo, d-Cβalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl or C3-C10hetcycloalkyl, wherein the al- kyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R7;
R19 is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, oxo, nitro, cyano or -COR15;
R20 is hydrogen, C C8alkyl, -NR12R13, d-dalkyloxy or arylC C6alkyl;
X and Y independently are carbon or nitrogen;
n is 1 or 2; or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, including a racemic mixture, or any tautomeric forms.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) X is carbon. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) Y is carbon. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) X is nitrogen. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) Y is nitrogen.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) X and Y are carbon.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R3 is -NR8R9, wherein R8 and R9 are defined as above. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R3 is -C(=0)NR8R9 wherein R8 and R9 are defined as above.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R3 is -OR10, wherein R10 is defined as above.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are forming a saturated or partially saturated bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one of R6, hydroxyl or Crdalkyl, wherein the alkyl groups independently are optionally substituted with one ore more of R7, wherein R6 and R7 are as defined above. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached is 6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane optionally substituted with at least one of d-C6alkyl.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached is 1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane 6- aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R4 is hydrogen or halo.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R4 is hydrogen.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R5 is C3-Cι0cycloalkyl- carbonyl- or C3-C10cycloalkylCrC6alkylcarbonyl-.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R6 is d-C6alkyloxy-.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R8 is hydrogen, d-C6- alkyl, C3-Cι0cycloalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkylCrC6alkyI.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R8 is hydrogen. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R8 is d-C6alkyl.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R8 is C3-Cι0cycloalkyl.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R8 is C3-C10cyclo- alkylC C6alkyl.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R9 is d-Cβalkyl, C3- Ciocyclo-alkyl, C3-docycloalkylCrC6alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C3-C10hetcycloalkyl- carbonyl-, arylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl-, Crdalkyloxyd-Cβalkyl, NR12R13carbonylC C6- alkyl-, R14CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, -COR15, arylCi-C6alkylS(0)n-, aryld-C6alkyl or hetaryld- C6alkyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R11; and wherein R12, R13, R14 and n are defined as above. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R9 is CrCβalkyI, C3- docyclo-alkyl, d-docycloalkylCrCealkyl, C3-C10cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C3-Cι0hetcycloalkyl- carbonyl-, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R11.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R9 is arylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl-, NR12R13carbonylCrC6alkyl-, R14CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R11; and wherein R12, R13, R14, R15 are as defined above.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R9 is d-C6alkylS(0)2-, arylS(0)2-, arylCrC6alkylS(0)2-, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are option- ally substituted with one or more R18.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R9 is NR12R13- carbonylCrC6alkyl- or R14CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, wherein R12, R13, and R14 are defined as above.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R9 is NR12R13car- bonyld-dalkyl-, wherein R12, and R13 are defined as above.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R10 is d-dalkyl, optionally substituted with one or more R11.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R10 is arylCrC6aIkyl, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R11.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R10 is NR12R13car- bonylCrC6alkyl, wherein the alkyl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R11.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R11 is R5, R6, halo, hydroxy, d-C8alkyloxy, oxo, cyano, -COR15, d-C8alkyl or trihalomethyl.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R12 and R13 independently are hydrogen, d-C8alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, d-dohetycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, aryld- dalkyl or hetarylCrdalkyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R18. In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R 2 and R13 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are forming a saturated or partially saturated cyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one R5, R5oxy-, R6, halo, cyano, hydroxy, oxo, d-C8alkyl, aryl, hetaryl, aryld-dalkyl, hetarylCrC6alkyl, d-CβalkyloxyCrdalkyl, R14d-C6alkylcarbonyl- or - COR15.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R14 is d-dalkyloxy, d-docycloalkyloxy-, d-docycloalkyld-Cβalkyloxy-, C3-C10hetcycloalkyloxy-, arylCrdalkyl- oxy, hetarylCrC6alkyloxy, -NR12R13, or -COR15, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R20.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R15 is d-C6alkyl, hydroxy or d-C8alkyloxy.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in formula (I) R15 is aryl, aryloxy or arylCrC6alkyloxy.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the compounds of the general formula (I) or a prodrug thereof is selected from the group of compounds of examples 1 through 16, or salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, including a racemic mixture, or any tautomeric forms. The compounds of the present invention have asymmetric centers and may occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, and as individual enantiomers or diastereoisomers, with all isomeric forms being included in the present invention as well as mixtures thereof.
The present invention also encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present compounds. Such salts include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts. Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic acids as well as organic acids. Representative examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, sulfuric, nitric acids and the like. Representative examples of suitable organic acids include formic, acetic, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, benzoic, cinnamic, citric, fumaric, glycolic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, oxalic, picric, pyruvic, salicylic, succinic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, tartaric, ascorbic, pamoic, bismethylene salicylic, ethanedisulfonic, gluconic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, EDTA, glycolic, p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic acids, sulphates, nitrates, phosphates, perchlorates, borates, acetates, benzoates, hydroxynaph- thoates, glycerophosphates, ketoglutarates and the like. Further examples of pharmaceuti- cally acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition salts include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts listed in J. Pharm. Sci., 66, 2 (1977), which is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of metal salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, barium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, calcium salts and the like. Examples of amines and organic amines include ammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, bu- tylamine, tetramethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, meglumine, ethylenediamine, choline, N.N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, N-benzylphenylethylamine, N- methyl-D-glucamine, guanidine and the like. Examples of cationic amino acids include lysine, arginine, histidine and the like. Further, some of the compounds of the present invention may form solvates with water or common organic solvents. Such solvates are encompassed within the scope of the invention.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts are prepared by reacting a compound of the present invention with 1 to 4 equivalents of a base such as sodium hydroxide, sodium meth- oxide, sodium hydride, potassium terf-butoxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and the like, in solvents like ether, THF, methanol, te/f-butanol, dioxane, isopropanol, ethanol etc. Mixtures of solvents may be used. Organic bases like lysine, arginine, diethanolamine, choline, guandine and their derivatives etc. may also be used. Alternatively, acid addition salts wherever applicable are prepared by treatment with acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, maleic acid salicylic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, ascorbic acid, palmitic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid and the like in solvents like ethyl acetate, ether, alcohols, acetone, THF, dioxane etc. Mixture of solvents may also be used. The stereoisomers of the compounds forming part of this invention may be prepared by using reactants in their single enantiomeric form in the process wherever possible or by conducting the reaction in the presence of reagents or catalysts in their single enantiomer form or by resolving the mixture of stereoisomers by conventional methods. Some of the preferred methods include use of microbial resolution, enzymatic resolution, resolving the diastereomeric salts formed with chiral acids such as mandelic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and the like wherever applicable or chiral bases such as brucine, (R)- or (S)-phenylethylamine, cinchona alkaloids and their derivatives and the like. Commonly used methods are compiled by Jaques et al. in "Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolution" (Wiley Interscience, 1981). More specifically the compound of the present invention may be converted to a 1 :1 mixture of diastereomeric amides by treating with chiral amines, ami- noacids, aminoalcohols derived from aminoacids; conventional reaction conditions may be employed to convert acid into an amide; the diastereomers may be separated either by fractional crystallization or chromatography and the stereoisomers of compound of formula I may be prepared by hydrolysing the pure diastereomeric amide. Various polymorphs of the compounds forming part of this invention may be prepared by crystallization of said compounds under different conditions; for example, using different solvents commonly used or their mixtures for recrystallization; crystallizations at different temperatures; or various modes of cooling, ranging from very fast to very slow cooling during crystallizations. Polymorphs may also be obtained by heating or melting the com- pound followed by gradual or fast cooling. The presence of polymorphs may be determined by solid probe nmr spectroscopy, ir spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction or such other techniques.
The invention also encompasses prodrugs of the present compounds, which on administration undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming active pharmacological substances. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the present compounds, which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound of the present invention. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs", ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985. It is a well known problem in drug discovery that compounds, such as enzyme inhibitors, may be very potent and selective in biochemical assays, yet be inactive in vivo. This lack of so-called bioavailability may be ascribed to a number of different factors such as lack of or poor absorption in the gut, first pass metabolism in the liver and/or poor uptake in cells. Although the factors determining bioavailability are not completely understood, there are many examples in the scientific literature - well known to those skilled in the art - of how to modify compounds, which are potent and selective in biochemical assays but show low or no activity in vivo, into drugs that are biologically active.
It is within the scope of the invention to modify the compounds of the present invention, termed the Original compound', by attaching chemical groups that will improve the bioavailability of said compounds in such a way that the uptake in cells or mammals is facilitated.
Examples of said modifications, which are not intended in any way to limit the scope of the invention, include changing of one or more carboxy groups to esters (for instance methyl esters, ethyl esters, tert-butyl, acetoxy methyl, pivaloyloxymethyl esters or other acy- loxymethyl esters). Compounds of the invention, original compounds, such modified by attaching chemical groups are termed 'modified compounds'.
The invention also encompasses active metabolites of the present compounds. The compounds according to the invention alter, and more specifically, reduce the level of active, intracellular glucocorticoid and are accordingly useful for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of disorders and diseases in which such a modulation or reduction is beneficial.
Accordingly, the present compounds may be applicable for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in the Adult (LADA), type 1 diabetes, diabetic late complications including cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular disorders, disorders of lipid metabolism, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, dysregulation of intraocular pressure including glaucoma, immune disorders, inappropriate immune responses, musculo-skeletal disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, polycystic ovarie syndrome (PCOS), reduced hair growth or other diseases, disorders or conditions that are influenced by intracellular glucocorticoid levels, adverse effects of increased blood levels of active endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid, and any combination thereof, adverse effects of increased plasma levels of endogenous active glucocorticoid, Cushing's disease, Cushing's syndrome, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of autoimmune diseases, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of inflammatory diseases, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of diseases with an inflammatory component, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment as a part of cancer chemotherapy, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment for surgical/post-surgical or other trauma, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist therapy in the context of organ or tissue transplantation or adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment in other diseases, disorders or conditions where glucocorticoid receptor agonists provide clinically beneficial effects.
More specifically the present compounds may be applicable for the treatment, pre- vention and/or prophylaxis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, diabetes as a consequence of obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, prandial hyperglycemia, hyperinsuline- mia, inappropriately low insulin secretion, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), increased hepatic glucose production, type 1 diabetes, LADA, pediatric diabetes, dyslipidemia, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipopro- teinemia, hypercholesterolemia, decreased HDL cholesterol, impaired LDL/HDL ratio, other disorders of lipid metabolism, obesity, visceral obesity, obesity as a consequence of diabetes, increased food intake, hypertension, diabetic late complications, micro-/macroalbu- minuria, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic ulcers, cardiovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, heart insufficiency, congestional heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, arryth- mia, decreased blood flow, erectile dysfunction (male or female), myopathy, loss of muscle tissue, muscle wasting, muscle catabolism, osteoporosis, decreased linear growth, neurode- generative and psychiatric disorders, Alzheimers disease, neuronal death, impaired cognitive function, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, appetite regulation, migraine, epilepsia, ad- diction to chemical substances, disorders of intraocular pressure, glaucoma, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), inappropriate immune responses, inappropriate T helper-1/T helper-2 polarisation, bacterial infections, mycobacterial infections, fungal infections, viral infections, parasitic infestations, suboptimal responses to immunizations, immune dysfunction, partial or complete baldness, or diseases, disorders or conditions that are influenced by intracellular glucocorticoid levels and any combination thereof, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of allergic-inflammatory diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of disorders of the respiratory system e.g. asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, bronchitis, hypersensitivity, pneumonitis, eosinophilic pneumonias, pulmonary fibrosis, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor ago- nist treatment of inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of disorders of the immune system, connective tissue and joints e.g. reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjόgren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, Henoch-Schόnlein purpura, Wegener's granulomatosis, temporal arteritis, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, dermatomyositis-polymyositis, pemphigus vulgaris; adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of endocrinological diseases such as hyperthyroidism, hypoaldosteronism, hypopituitarism; adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of hematological diseases e.g. hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of cancer such as spinal cord diseases, neoplastic compression of the spinal cord, brain tumours, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, chemotherapy-induced nausea, adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of diseases of muscle and at the neuro-muscular joint e.g. myas- thenia gravis and heriditary myopathies (e.g. Duchenne muscular dystrophy), adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment in the context of surgery & transplantation e.g. trauma, post-surgical stress, surgical stress, renal transplantation, liver transplantation, lung transplantation, pancreatic islet transplantation, blood stem cell transplantation, bone marrow transplantation, heart transplantation, adrenal gland transplantation, tracheal transplantation, intestinal transplantation, corneal transplantation, skin grafting, keratoplasty, lens implantation and other procedures where immunosuppression with glucocorticoid receptor agonists is beneficial; adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment of brain absess, nausea/vomiting, infections, hypercalcemia, adrenal hyperplasia, autoimmune hepatitis, spinal cord diseases, saccular aneurysms or adverse effects to glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment in other diseases, disorders and conditions where glucocorticoid receptor agonists provide clinically beneficial effects. Accordingly, in a further aspect the invention relates to a compound according to the invention for use as a pharmaceutical composition.
The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising, as an active ingredient, at least one compound according to the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably in unit dosage form, comprising from about 0.05 mg/day to about 2000 mg/day, preferably from about 1 mg/day to about 500 mg/day of a compound according to the invention.
In another embodiment, the patient is treated with a compound according to the invention for at least about 1 week, for at least about 2 weeks, for at least about 4 weeks, for at least about 2 months or for at least about 4 months.
In yet another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for oral, nasal, transdermal, pulmonal or parenteral administration.
Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a compound according to the invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of disorders and diseases wherein a modulation or an inhibition of the activity of 11βHSD1 is beneficial.
The invention also relates to a method for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of disorders and diseases wherein a modulation or an inhibition of the activity of 11βHSD1 is beneficial, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound according to the invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the present compounds are used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of any diseases and conditions that are influenced by intracellular glucocorticoid levels as mentioned above. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the present compounds are used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of conditions and disorders where a decreased level of active intracellular glucocorticoid is desirable, such as the conditions and diseases mentioned above. In yet a preferred embodiment of the invention the present compounds are used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of the metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity.
In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention the present compounds are used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the delaying or prevention of the progression from IGT to type 2 diabetes.
In yet another preferred embodiment ofthe invention the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the delaying or prevention of the progression of the metabolic syndrome into type 2 diabetes.
In still another preferred embodiment of the invention the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of diabetic late complications including cardiovascular diseases; arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
In yet a further preferred embodiment of the invention the present compounds are used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment or therapy.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the route of administration may be any route which effectively transports a compound according to the invention to the appropriate or desired site of action, such as oral, nasal, buccal, transdermal, pulmonal, or parenteral.
In still a further aspect of the invention the present compounds are administered in combination with one or more further active substances in any suitable ratios. Such further active substances may e.g. be selected from antiobesity agents, antidiabetics, agents modifying the lipid metabolism, antihypertensive agents, glucocorticoid receptor agonists, agents for the treatment and/or prevention of complications resulting from or associated with diabe- tes and agents for the treatment and/or prevention of complications and disorders resulting from or associated with obesity.
Thus, in a further aspect of the invention the present compounds may be administered in combination with one or more antiobesity agents or appetite regulating agents. Such agents may be selected from the group consisting of CART (cocaine amphetamine regulated transcript) agonists, NPY (neuropeptide Y) antagonists, MC4 (melano- cortin 4) agonists, orexin antagonists, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) agonists, CRF (corticotro- pin releasing factor) agonists, CRF BP (corticotropin releasing factor binding protein) antagonists, urocortin agonists, β3 agonists, MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) agonists, MCH (melanocyte-concentrating hormone) antagonists, CCK (cholecystokinin) agonists, serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors, mixed serotonin and noradrenergic compounds, 5HT (serotonin) agonists, bombesin agonists, galanin antagonists, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing compounds, TRH (thyreotropin releasing hormone) agonists, UCP 2 or 3 (uncoupling protein 2 or 3) modulators, leptin ago- nists, DA agonists (bromocriptin, doprexin), lipase/amylase inhibitors, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) modulators, RXR (retinoid X receptor) modulators, TR β agonists, AGRP (Agouti related protein) inhibitors, H3 histamine antagonists, opioid antagonists (such as naltrexone), exendin-4, GLP-1 and ciliary neurotrophic factor.
In one embodiment of the invention the antiobesity agent is leptin; dexamphetamine or amphetamine; fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine; sibutramine; orlistat; mazindol or phen- termine.
Suitable antidiabetic agents include insulin, insulin analogues and derivatives such as those disclosed in EP 792290 (Novo Nordisk A/S), e.g. NεB 9-tetradecanoyl des (B30) human insulin, EP 214826 and EP 705275 (Novo Nordisk A/S), e.g. AspB28 human insulin, US 5,504,188 (Eli Lilly), e.g. LysB28 Pro629 human insulin, EP 368 187 (Aventis), e.g. Lantus, which are all incorporated herein by reference, GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide-1) and GLP-1 derivatives such as those disclosed in WO 98/08871 to Novo Nordisk A S, which is incorporated herein by reference as well as orally active hypoglycaemic agents.
The orally active hypoglycaemic agents preferably comprise sulphonylureas, bigua- nides, meglitinides, glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon antagonists such as those disclosed in WO 99/01423 to Novo Nordisk A/S and Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., GLP-1 agonists, potassium channel openers such as those disclosed in WO 97/26265 and WO 99/03861 to Novo Nordisk A/S which are incorporated herein by reference, DPP-IV (dipeptidyl peptidase- IV) inhibitors, inhibitors of hepatic enzymes involved in stimulation of gluconeogenesis and/or glycogenolysis, glucose uptake modulators, compounds modifying the lipid metabolism such as antihyperiipidemic agents and antilipidemic agents as PPARα modulators, PPARδ modulators, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, HSL (hormone-sensitive lipase) inhibitors and HMG CoA inhibitors (statins), nicotinic acid, fibrates, anion exchangers, compounds lowering food intake, bile acid resins, RXR agonists and agents acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the β-cells.
In one embodiment, the present compounds are administered in combination with insulin or an insulin analogue or derivative, such as NεB29-tetradecanoyl des (B30) human insulin, AspB28 human insulin, LysB28 Pro829 human insulin, Lantus®, or a mix-preparation comprising one or more of these. In a further embodiment the present compounds are administered in combination with a sulphonylurea e.g. tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide or glicazide.
In another embodiment the present compounds are administered in combination with a biguanide e.g. metformin.
In yet another embodiment the present compounds are administered in combination with a meglitinide e.g. repaglinide or senaglinide.
In still another embodiment the present compounds are administered in combination with a thiazolidinedione e.g. troglitazone, ciglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or compounds disclosed in WO 97/41097 such as 5-[[4-[3-MethyI-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-quinazo- linyl]methoxy]phenyl-methyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preferably the potassium salt.
In yet another embodiment the present compounds may be administered in combination with the insulin sensitizers disclosed in WO 99/19313 such as (-) 3-[4-[2-Phenoxazin- 10-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-ethoxypropanoic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, preferably the arginine salt. In a further embodiment the present compounds are administered in combination with an α-glucosidase inhibitor e.g. miglitol or acarbose.
In another embodiment the present compounds are administered in combination with an agent acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the β-cells e.g. tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, glicazide or repaglinide. Furthermore, the present compounds may be administered in combination with nateglinide.
In still another embodiment the present compounds are administered in combination with an antihyperiipidemic agent or antilipidemic agent e.g. cholestyramine, colestipol, clofi- brate, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, bezafibrate, tesaglitazar, EML-4156, LY-818, MK-767, ator- vastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, acipimox, probucol, ezetimibe or dextrothyroxine.
In a further embodiment the present compounds are administered in combination with more than one of the above-mentioned compounds e.g. in combination with a sulphony- lurea and metformin, a sulphonylurea and acarbose, repaglinide and metformin, insulin and a sulphonylurea, insulin and metformin, insulin, insulin and lovastatin, etc.
Further, the present compounds may be administered in combination with one or more antihypertensive agents. Examples of antihypertensive agents are β-blockers such as alprenolol, atenolol, timolol, pindolol, propranolol, metoprolol, bisoprololfumerate, esmolol, acebutelol, metoprolol, acebutolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, nebivolol, tertatolol, oxprenolol, amusolalul, carvedilol, labetalol, β2-receptor blockers e.g. S-atenolol, OPC-1085, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors such as quinapril, lisinopril, enalapril, captopril, benazepril, perindopril, trandolapril, fosinopril, ramipril, cilazapril, delapril, imidapril, moexipril, spirapril, temocapril, zofenopril, S-5590, fasidotril, Hoechst-Marion Roussel: 100240 (EP 00481522), omapatrilat, gemopatrilat and GW-660511 , calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, felodipine, nicardipine, isradipine, nimodipine, diltiazem, amlodipine, nitrendipine, verapamil, lacidipine, lercanidipine, aranidipine, cilnidipine, clevidipine, azelnidipine, barnidipine, efonodipine, iasidipine, iemildipine, iercanidipine, manidipine, nilvadipine, pranidipine, fumidipine, α-blockers such as doxazosin, urapidil, prazosin, terazosin, bunazosin and OPC-28326, diuretics such as thiazides/sulphonamides (e.g. bendro- flumetazide, chlorothalidone, hydrochlorothiazide and clopamide), loop-diuretics (e.g. bumetanide, furosemide and torasemide) and potassium sparing diuretics (e.g. amiloride, spironolactone), endothelin ET-A antagonists such as ABT-546, ambrisetan, atrasentan, SB- 234551, CI-1034, S-0139 and YM-598, endothelin antagonists e.g. bosentan and J-104133, renin inhibitors such as aliskiren, vasopressin V1 antagonists e.g. OPC-21268, vasopressin V2 antagonists such as tolvaptan, SR-121463 and OPC-31260, B-type natriuretic peptide agonists e.g. Nesiritide, angiotensin II antagonists such as irbesartan, candesartancilexetil, losartan, valsartan, telmisartan, eprosartan, candesartan, CL-329167, eprosartan, iosartan, olmesartan, pratosartan, TA-606, and YM-358, 5-HT2 agonists e.g. fenoldopam and ketanserin, adenosine A1 antagonists such as naftopidil, N-0861 and FK-352, thromboxane A2 antagonists such as KT2-962, endopeptidase inhibitors e.g. ecadotril, nitric oxide agonists such as LP-805, dopamine D1 antagonists e.g. MYD-37, dopamine D2 agonists such as nolomirole, n-3 fatty acids e.g. omacor, prostacyclin agonists such as treprostinil, beraprost, PGE1 agonists e.g. ecraprost, Na+/K+ ATPase modulators e.g. PST-2238, Potassium channel activators e.g. KR-30450, vaccines such as PMD-3117, Indapamides, CGRP- unigene, guanylate cyclase stimulators, hydralazines, methyldopa, docarpamine, moxo- nidine, CoAprovel, MondoBiotech-811.
Further reference can be made to Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 1995. Furthermore, the present compounds may be administered in combination with one or more glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Examples of such glucocorticoid receptor agonists are betametasone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone, beclomethasone, butixicort, clobetasol, flunisolide, flucatisone (and analogues), momethasone, triamcinolonacetonide, triamcinolonhexacetonide GW-685698, NXC-1015, NXC-1020, NXC-1021, NS-126, P-4112, P-4114, RU-24858 and T-25 series.
It should be understood that any suitable combination of the compounds according to the invention with one or more of the above-mentioned compounds and optionally one or more further pharmacologically active substances are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS
The compounds of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients, in either single or multiple doses. The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may be formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents as well as any other known adjuvants and ex- cipients in accordance with conventional techniques such as those disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 1995.
The pharmaceutical compositions may be specifically formulated for administration by any suitable route such as the oral, rectal, nasal, pulmonary, topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous and intradermal) route, the oral route being preferred. It will be appreciated that the preferred route will depend on the general condition and age of the subject to be treated, the nature of the condition to be treated and the active ingredient chosen. Pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration include solid dosage forms such as hard or soft capsules, tablets, troches, dragees, pills, lozenges, powders and granules. Where appropriate, they can be prepared with coatings such as enteric coatings or they can be formulated so as to provide controlled release of the active ingredient such as sustained or prolonged release according to methods well-known in the art. Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and non-aqueous injectable solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as ster- He powders to be reconstituted in sterile injectable solutions or dispersions prior to use. Depot injectable formulations are also contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.
Other suitable administration forms include suppositories, sprays, ointments, cremes, gels, inhalants, dermal patches, implants etc. A typical oral dosage is in the range of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day, preferably from about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg body weight per day, and more preferred from about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg body weight per day administered in one or more dosages such as 1 to 3 dosages. The exact dosage will depend upon the frequency and mode of administration, the sex, age, weight and general condition of the subject treated, the nature and severity of the condition treated and any concomitant diseases to be treated and other factors evident to those skilled in the art.
The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known to those skilled in the art. A typical unit dosage form for oral administration one or more times per day such as 1 to 3 times per day may contain from 0.05 to about 2000 mg, e.g. from about 0.1 to about 1000 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 500 mg., from about 1 mg to about 200 mg, e.g. about 100 mg.
For parenteral routes, such as intravenous, intrathecal, intramuscular and similar administration, typically doses are in the order of about half the dose employed for oral administration. The compounds of this invention are generally utilized as the free substance or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Examples are an acid addition salt of a compound having the utility of a free base and a base addition salt of a compound having the utility of a free acid. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to non-toxic salts ofthe compounds for use according to the present invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid or by reacting the acid with a suitable organic or inorganic base. When a compound for use according to the present invention, contains a free base such salts are prepared in a conventional manner by treating a solution or suspension of the compound with a chemical equivalent of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid. When a compounds for use according to the present invention, contains a free acid such salts are prepared in a conventional manner by treating a solution or suspension of the compound with a chemical equivalent of a pharmaceutically acceptable base. Physiologically acceptable salts of a compound with a hydroxy group include the anion of said compound in combination with a suitable cation such as sodium or ammonium ion. Other salts which are not pharmaceutically acceptable may be useful in the preparation of compounds for use according to the present invention and these form a further aspect of the present invention.
For parenteral administration, solutions ofthe present compounds in sterile aqueous solution, aqueous propylene glycol or sesame or peanut oil may be employed. Such aqueous solutions should be suitable buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. The aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration. The sterile aqueous media employed are all readily available by standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents. Examples of suitable carriers are water, salt solutions, alcohols, polyethylene glycols, polyhydroxyethoxylated castor oil, peanut oil, olive oil, syrup, phospholipids, gelatine, lactose, terra alba, sucrose, cyclodextrin, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, stearic acid or lower alkyl ethers of cellulose, silicic acid, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene, hydroxymethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Similarly, the carrier or diluent may include any sustained release material known in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or mixed with a wax. The formulations may also include wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preserving agents, sweetening agents or flavouring agents.
The pharmaceutical compositions formed by combining the compounds of the invention and the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are then readily administered in a variety of dosage forms suitable for the disclosed routes of administration. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known in the art of pharmacy.
Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, and which may include a suitable excipient. These formulations may be in the form of powder or granules, as a solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any known method, and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavouring agents, colouring agents, and preserving agents in order to pro- vide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets may contain the active ingre- dient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example corn starch or alginic acid; binding agents, for exam- pie, starch, gelatine or acacia; and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. They may also be coated by the techniques described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,356,108; 4,166,452; and 4,265,874, incorporated herein by reference, to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for controlled release.
Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatine capsules where the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or a soft gelatine capsule wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
Aqueous suspensions may contain the active compounds in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide such as lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example, heptadecaethyl- eneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more colouring agents, one or more flavouring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegeta- ble oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as a liquid paraffin. The oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavouring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid. Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active compound in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipi- ents, for example, sweetening, flavouring, and colouring agents may also be present.
The pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound for use according to the present invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example, olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example a liquid paraffin, or a mixture thereof. Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavouring agents. Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, preservative and flavouring and colouring agent. The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known methods using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspend- ing agents described above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1 ,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conveniently employed as solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed using synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
The compositions may also be in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the compounds of the present invention. These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will thus melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols, for example.
For topical use, creams, ointments, jellies, solutions of suspensions, etc., containing the compounds of the present invention are contemplated. For the purpose of this application, topical applications shall include mouth washes and gargles. The compounds for use according to the present invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes may be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine, or phosphatidylcholines. In addition, some of the compounds for use according to the present invention may form solvates with water or common organic solvents. Such solvates are also encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
Thus, in a further embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound for use according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents.
If a solid carrier is used for oral administration, the preparation may be tabletted, placed in a hard gelatine capsule in powder or pellet form or it can be in the form of a troche or lozenge. The amount of solid carrier will vary widely but will usually be from about 25 mg to about 1 g. If a liquid carrier is used, the preparation may be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatine capsule or sterile injectable liquid such as an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension or solution.
A typical tablet which may be prepared by conventional tabletting techniques may contain: Core:
Active compound (as free compound or salt thereof) 5.0 mg
Lactosum Ph. Eur. 67.8 mg
Cellulose, microcryst. (Avicel) 31.4 mg
Amberlite®IRP88* 1.0 mg Magnesii stearas Ph. Eur. q.s.
Coating:
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose approx. 9 mg
Mywacett 9-40 T** approx. 0.9 mg
Polacrillin potassium NF, tablet disintegrant, Rohm and Haas. * Acylated monoglyceride used as plasticizer for film coating. The compounds of the invention may be administered to a patient which is a mammal, especially a human in need thereof. Such mammals include also animals, both domestic animals, e.g. household pets, and non-domestic animals such as wildlife.
Any novel feature or combination of features described herein is considered essential to this invention.
The present invention also relate to the below methods of preparing the compounds of the invention.
The present invention is further illustrated in the following representative examples which are, however, not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
EXAMPLES
The following examples and general procedures refer to intermediate compounds and final products for general formula (I) identified in the specification and in the synthesis schemes. The preparation of the compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention is described in detail using the following examples. Occasionally, the reaction may not be ap- plicable as described to each compound included within the disclosed scope of the invention. The compounds for which this occurs will be readily recognised by those skilled in the art. In these cases the reactions can be successfully performed by conventional modifications known to those skilled in the art, which is, by appropriate protection of interfering groups, by changing to other conventional reagents, or by routine modification of reaction conditions. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or otherwise conventional will be applicable to the preparation of the corresponding compounds of the invention. In all preparative methods, all starting materials are known or may easily be prepared from known starting materials. The structures of the compounds are confirmed by either elemental analysis or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), where peaks assigned to characteristic protons in the title com- pounds are presented where appropriate. 1H NMR shifts (δπ) are given in parts per million (ppm) down field from tetramethylsilane as internal reference standard. M.p.: is melting point and is given in °C and is not corrected. Column chromatography was carried out using the technique described by W.C. Still etal, J. Org. Chem. 43: 2923 (1978) on Merck silica gel 60 (Art. 9385). HPLC analyses are performed using 5μm C184 x 250 mm column eluted with various mixtures of water and acetonitrile, flow = 1 ml/min, as described in the experimental section. Microwave oven synthesis: The reaction was heated by microwave irradiation in sealed microwave vessels in a single mode Emrys Optimizer EXP from PersonalChemistry®.
Preparative HPLC: Column: 1.9 x 15 cm Waters XTerra RP-18. Buffer: linear gradient 5 - 95 % in 15 min, MeCN, 0.1 % TFA, flow rate of 15 ml/min. The pooled fractions are either evaporated to dryness in vacuo, or evaporated in vacuo until the MeCN is removed, and then frozen and freeze dried.
The abbreviations as used in the examples have the following meaning:
TLC: Thin layer chromatography CDCI3: Deuterio chloroform
CD3OD: Tetradeuterio methanol
DCM: Dichloromethane
DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide
DMSO-d6: Hexadeuterio dimethylsulfoxide DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide
DIPEA: Diisopropylethylamine
EDAC: 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
EtOAc: Ethyl acetate
THF: Tetrahydrofuran DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide
HOBT: 1-Hydroxy-benzotriazole
MeCN: Acetonitrile
NMP: N-Methylpyrrolidinone
TFA: Trifluoroacetic acid EDAC: 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide, hydrochloride min: minutes hrs: hours General method A:
Figure imgf000033_0001
By allowing an acid (I) wherein R3, R4, X and Y are defined as above to be coupled with an amine (II) wherein R1 and R2 are defined as above under standard amide forming conditions using a coupling reagent (III) (e.g. HOBT, EDAC and DIPEA in dry THF) affording amide (IV) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, X and Y are defined as above.
General method B:
II
Figure imgf000033_0002
I III
By allowing an acid derivative (I) wherein W is halo, R20(C=O)O-, d-C6alkyloxy or aryld-dalkyloxy, R20 is CrC6alkyl or arylCrC6alkyl and R3, R4, X and Y are defined as above to react with an amine (II) wherein R1 and R2 are defined as above under basic conditions (e.g. triethylamine, K2C03, NaH and the like) in a solvent (e.g. THF, DCM, DMF, NMP and the like) affording amide (III); wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, X and Y are defined as above.
General method C:
II
Figure imgf000034_0001
(a) III
By allowing an amide derivative (I) wherein R1, R2, R4, R9, X and Y are defined as above to react with an acid derivative (II) wherein W is halo, R7(C=0)0-, d-C6alkyloxy or aryld-dalkyloxy, R7 is d-dalkyl or arylCrC6alkyl and R6 is C3-C10cycloalkyl, C3- dohetcycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, R14CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, CrC6alkylS(0)n-, arylS(0)n- or aryld- C6alkylS(0)n-, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl groups optionally are substituted with one or more R11 as defined above under basic conditions (e.g. triethylamine, K2C03, NaH and the like) in a solvent (e.g. THF, DCM, DMF, NMP and the like) affording amide (III); wherein R1, R2, R4, R9, X and Y are defined as above and R6 is C3-C10cycloalkyl, d-dohetcycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, R14CrC6alkyl-carbonyl-, CrC6alkylS(0)n-, arylS(0)n- or arylCrC6alkylS(O)n-, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl groups optionally are substituted with one or more R11 as defined above; or when W is hydroxy the acid derivative (II) wherein R6 is as defined above is coupled with an amine (I) wherein R1, R2, R4, R9, X and Y are defined as above under standard amide forming conditions using a coupling reagent (a) (e.g. HOBT, EDAC and DIPEA in dry THF) affording amide (III) wherein R1, R2, R4, R9, X and Y are defined as above and R6 is C3- docycloalkyl, C3-Cι0hetcyclo-alkyl, aryl, hetaryl, R14CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, CrC6aIkylS(0)n-, arylS(0)n- or arylCrC6alkylS(0)n-, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl groups optionally are substituted with one or more R11 as defined above.
General method D:
Figure imgf000034_0002
By allowing an amide derivative (I) wherein R1, R2, R4, R9, X and Y are defined as above to react with a sulfinyl (n = 1) or sulfonyl (n = 2) chloride derivative (II) wherein R6 is CrC6alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C3-C10hetcycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl or arylCrdalkyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups optionally are substituted with one or more R11 as defined above under basic conditions (e.g. triethylamine, K2C03, NaH and the like) in a solvent (e.g. THF, DCM, DMF, NMP and the like) to afford an amide (III); wherein R\ R2, R4, R9, n, X and Y are defined as above and R6 is d-C6alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C3- dohetcycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl or aryld-dalkyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups optionally are substituted with one or more R11 as defined above.
General method E:
Figure imgf000035_0001
III
By allowing an amide derivative (I) wherein R1, R2, R4, R9, X and Y are defined as above to react with an amido alkyl halide derivative (II) wherein R12, R13 and halo are defined above and W is CrC6alkyl, wherein the alkyl group optionally is substituted with one or more R11 as defined above under basic conditions (e.g. triethylamine, K2C03, NaH and the like) in a solvent (e.g. THF, DCM, DMF, NMP and the like) to afford an amide (III); wherein R1, R2, R4, R9, R12, R13, X and Y are defined as above and W is d-dalkyl, wherein the alkyl group optionally is substituted with one or more R11 as defined above.
General method F:
Figure imgf000036_0001
By allowing an amide derivative (I) wherein R1, R2, R4, X and Y are defined as above to react with an amido alkyl halide derivative (II) wherein R12, R13 and halo are defined above and W is d-dalkyl, wherein the alkyl group optionally is substituted with one or more R11 as defined above under basic conditions (e.g. triethylamine, K2C03, NaH and the like) in a solvent (e.g. THF, DCM, DMF, NMP and the like) to afford an amide (III); wherein R1, R2, R4, R12, R13, X and Y are defined as above and W is d-C6alkyl, wherein the alkyl group optionally is substituted with one or more R11 as defined above.
Example 1
[4-(1.3.3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.1loctane-6-carbonyl)-phenyllcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000036_0002
To a mixture of 4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-benzoic acid (50 g, 0.21 mol) and HOBT
(31 ,33 g, 0.231 mol) in dry THF (0.5 L) was added EDAC (44.44 g, 0.231 mol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min followed by addition of a mixture of DIPEA (40.4 ml, 0.231 mol) and 1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (39.4 ml, 0.231 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 16 hrs. and evaporated to dryness. To the residue was added water (600 ml) and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 500 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using a mixture of EtOAc-Heptane (1 :2) as eluent. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness. To the solid residue was added diethyl ether (100 ml) and the precipitate was filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried in vacuo at 50 °C affording 60.5 g (77 %) of the title compound as a solid. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.92 (d, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 1.11 (s, 3H), 1.2 - 1.4 (m, 3.5H), 1.52 (s, 9H), 1.55 - 2.27 (m, 2.5H), 3.17 - 3.29 (m, 1.5H), 3.57 (d, 0.5H), 4.01 and 4.58 (2xt, 1 H), 6.72 (s, 1 H), 7.36 - 7.44 (m, 4H).
Example 2
(4-Amino-phenyl)-(1 ,3.3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.11oct-6-vπ-methanone
Figure imgf000037_0001
To a solution of [4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenyijcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester (11.78 g, 31.61 mmol) in DCM (150 ml) was added TFA (50 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred for 48 hrs. at room temperature and evaporated in vacuo. To the residue was added water (150 ml) and diethyl ether (50 ml) and the pH was adjusted to 8 by addition of 32 % aq. sodium hydroxide. The mixture was stirred for 15 min., the precipitate filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo at 50 °C for 18 hrs. affording 8.4 g (98 %) of the title compound as a solid.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.93 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 1.12 (d, 3H), 1.35 - 1.76 (m, 5.5H), 2.24 (m, 0.5H), 3.21 - 3.36 (m, 1.5H), 3.54 (d, 0.5H), 3.83 (bs, 2H, NW2), 4.08 and 4.58 (2xm, 1H), 6.64 (dd, 2H), 7.32 (t, 2H).
The following compound was made in a similar way as described in example 2 above:
Figure imgf000037_0002
Example 3
(4-Methylamino-phenyl (1.3.3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.noct-6-vn-methanone
Figure imgf000038_0001
To a solution of [4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenyijcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester (2.6 g, 6.98 mmol) in dry DMF (75 ml) was added NaH (0.35 g, 8.38 mmol 60 % in mineral oil) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hr. Methyl iodide (521 μl, 8.38 mmol) was added and the stirring was continued for an additional 1 hr. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (50 ml) followed by extraction with diethyl ether (2 x 50ml). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous am- monium chloride, dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM (40 ml) and TFA (25 ml) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 18 hrs. at room temperature and evaporated in vacuo. To the residue was added water (10 ml) and the pH was adjusted to 9 by addition of 1 N sodium hydroxide. The aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 25 ml) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo affording 2.5 g crude product which was purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using a mixture of EtOAc-Heptane (1:1) as eluent. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness affording a slowly crystallizing oil which was washed with diethyl ether (10 ml), filtered off and dried in vacuo at 50 °C afforded 0.9 g (45 %) of the title compound as a solid. An additional 0.7 g (35 %) was isolated from the filtrate.
TLC: EtOAc-Heptane (3:1), Rf: 0.37
1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.94 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 1.12 (d, 3H), 1.21 - 1.76 (m, 5.5H),
2.25 (m, 0.5H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 3.25 - 3.39 (m, 1.5H), 3.54 (d, 0.5 H), 4.10 (m, 1.5H), 4.58 (m,
0.5H), 6.57 (m, 2H), 7.37 (t, 2H).
Example 4
N-Methyl-N-r4-(1.3.3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.noctane-6-carbonvπ-phenyl1-methane- sulfonamide
Figure imgf000039_0001
To a mixture of (4-methylamino-phenyl)-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6- yl)-methanone (0.7 g, 2.44 mmol), DCM (40 ml) and TEA (0.7 ml, 4.89 mmol) was added methansulfonyl chloride (285 μl, 3.67 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hrs. at room temperature followed by evaporation of the volatiles in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in diethyl ether (10 ml), washed with water (2 x 10 ml) evaporated and the residue pu- rified by column chromatography (silica gel) using a mixture of EtOAc-Heptane (1 :1 ) as elu- ent. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether (10 ml), filtered off and dried in vacuo at 50 °C affording 0.45 g (51 %) of the title compound as a solid. TLC: EtOAc-Heptane (3:1), Rf: 0.25 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.94 (d, 3H), 1.03 (d, 3H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.19 - 1.61 (m, 5.5H), 2.25 (m, 0.5H), 2.85 (d, 3H), 3.16 - 3.31 (m, 1.5H), 3.34 (d, 3H), 3.60 (d, 0.5H), 4.00 (t, 0.5H), 4.60 (t, 0.5H), 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.48 (t, 2H).
The following compounds were made in a similar way as described in example 4 above:
Figure imgf000039_0002
Example 5
N-r4-(1.3.3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclor3.2.noctane-6-carbonyl)-phenyll-methanesulfonamide
Figure imgf000040_0001
To a solution of [4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenyijcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester (4.0 g, 10.74 mmol) in dry DMF (80 ml) was added sodium hydride (309 mg, 12.89 mmol in 60% mineral oil) and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr. Methane sulfonyl chloride (2.4 ml, 15.47 mmol) was added and the stirring was continued for an additional 20 hrs. The reaction was quenched by addition of water (100 ml) and extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 100 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using EtOAc-Heptane (1 :2) as eluent. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness affording 3.0 g (62 %) of N-methanesulphonamide-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester as an oil. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.93 (d, 3H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.18 - 1.41 (m, 3H), 1.45 (d, 9H), 1.51 - 1.78 (m, 2.5 H), 2.23 (m, 0.5H), 3.14 (d, 0.5H), 3.27 (t, 1H), 3.45 (s, 3H),
3.59 (d, 0.5 H), 3.97 (t, 0.5H), 4.61 (m, 0.5H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 2H).
Λ/-Methanesulphonamide-Λ/-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (3.0 g, 6.66 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (50 ml) and TFA (20 ml) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 36 hrs. at room temperature and evaporated in vacuo. To the residue was added water (50 ml) and the pH was adjusted to 9 by addition of 1N sodium hydroxide. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 ml) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo affording a foam which was crystallized by addition of diethyl ether (30 ml) containing a few ml of EtOAc. The precipitate was filtered off and dried in vacuo at 50 °C affording 1.58 g (68 %) of the title compound as a solid.
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 0.94 (d, 3H), 1.04 (d, 3H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.19 - 1.61 (m, 4.5H), 1.77 (m, 1H), 2.23 (m, 0.5H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 3.1 - 3.3 (m, 1.5H), 3.59 (d, 0.5H), 3.99 (t, 0.5H),
4.60 (t, 0.5H), 6.86 (bs, 1H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.46 (t, 2H). Example 6
N-Ethyl-N-| -(1.3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.11octane-6-carbonv0-phenvπ-methane- sulfonamide
Figure imgf000041_0001
To a solution of N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyIj- methanesulfonamide (300 mg, 0.86 mmol) in dry DMF (25 ml) was added sodium hydride (42 mg, 1.73 mmol in 60 % mineral oil) and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr. Ethyl iodide (83 μl, 1.03 mmol) was added and the stirring was continued for an additional 16 hrs. The reaction was quenched by addition of water (25 ml) and extracted with diethyl ether (2x 50 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (Na2S0 ), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using EtOAc-Heptane (1:1) as eluent. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness affording a slowly crystallizing oil which was suspended in diethyl ether and the solid filtered off affording 140 mg (43 %) of the title compound as a solid. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.95 (d, 3H), 1.04 (s, 3H), 1.13 - 1.80 (m, 8.5H), 2.24 (m, 0.5H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 3.17 (d, 0.5H), 3.29 (d, 1H), 3.59 (d, 0.5H), 3.76 (q, 2H), 4.01 (t, 0.5H), 4.61 (m, 0.5H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 2H).
The following compound was made in a similar way as described in example 6 above:
Figure imgf000041_0002
Example 7
N-r4-(1.3.3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.noctane-6-carbonyl)-phenyll-isonicotinamide
Figure imgf000042_0001
To a solution of (4-amino-phenyl)-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)- methanone (400 mg, 1.47 mmol) in dry THF (25 ml) was added dropwise a solution of isoni- cotinoyl chloride (312 mg, 2.20 mmol) in dry THF (20 ml). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs. and evaporated followed by addition of water 20 (ml). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 ml) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2S0 ), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using first EtOAc (300 ml) followed by a 4% mixture of TEA in EtOAc as eluents. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness. The residue was crystallized from a mixture of diethyl ether (20 ml) and EtOAc (5 ml) affording after filtering and drying in vacuo at 50 °C 200 mg (36 %) of the title compound as a solid. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.94 (d, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 1.12 (d, 3H), 1.19 - 1.77 (m, 5.5H), 2.21 (m, 0.5H), 3.16 - 3.27 (m, 1.5H), 3.57 (d, 0.5H), 4.0 and 4.54 (2xm, 1H), 7.30 (t, 2H), 7.55 (t, 2H), 7.87 (d, 2H), 8.76 (d, 2H), 9.19 (s, 1H).
The following compounds were made in a similar way as described in example 7 above:
Figure imgf000042_0002
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000046_0001
Figure imgf000047_0002
* Obtained via alkaline hydrolysis of the corresponding methyl or ethyl ester.
Example 8
N-Methyl-N-[4-(1 ,3.3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.1 loctane-6-carbonyl)-phenvπ-benzamide
Figure imgf000047_0001
To a solution of N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicycIo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzamide (500 mg, 1.33 mmol) in dry THF (40 ml) was added sodium hydride (64 mg, 1.594 mmol in 60% mineral oil) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. Methyl iodide (99 μl, 1.594 mmol) was added and the stirring was continued for an additional 2 hrs. The volatiles were evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using EtOAc-Heptane (1:1) as eluent. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness affording 300 mg (58 %) of the title compound as a solid. TLC: EtOAc:Heptane (2:1), Rf: 0.27
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.92 (d, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 1.10 (d, 3H), 1.14 - 1.77 (m, 5.5H), 2.20 (m, 0.5 H), 3.05 (d, 0.5H), 3.15 (d, 0.5H), 3.23 (d, 0.5H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.55 (d, 0.5H), 3.85 (m, 0.5H), 4.58 (m, 0.5H), 7.05 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 5H).
The following compounds were made in a similar way as described in example 8 above:
Figure imgf000047_0003
Figure imgf000048_0001
Example 9
2-Piperidin-1-yl-N-r4-(1.3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclo[3.2.noctane-6-carbonyl)-phenyll- acetamide
Figure imgf000048_0002
To a solution of (4-amino-phenyI)-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)- methanone (3.0 g, 11.01 mmol) and TEA (3.1 ml, 22.03 mmol) in dry THF (100 ml) was added dropwise chloroacetyl chloride (1.05 ml, 13.22 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 75 min. and evaporated followed by addition of water 75 (ml). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 ml) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2S04), fil- , tered and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in EtOAc (40 ml) and filtered through a 2.5 cm path of silicagel. The filtrated was evaporated to dryness affording 3.3 g (86 %) of 2-chIoro-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- acetamide as an oil.
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.93 (d, 3H), 1.03 (d, 3H), 1.13 (d, 3H), 1.17 - 1.79 (m, 5.5H), 2.23 (m, 0.5H), 3.08 - 3.29 (m, 1.5H), 3.59 (d, 0.5H), 4.0 and 4.59 (2xm, 1 H), 4.19 (s, 2H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.57 (t, 2H), 8.55 (s, 1 H).
A solution of 2-chloro-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide (40 mg, 0.115 mmol) in acetone (250 μl) was added to a mixture of piperidine (17.1 μl, 0.173 mmol) and DIPEA (40 μl, 0.229 mmol) in MeCN (250 μl). The re- suiting reaction mixture was heated and stirred in a microwave oven for 10 min. at 100 °C. After cooling to room temperature the volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue purified on a prep. Gilson HPLC. Pure fractions were collected, evaporated in vauco and dried at 50 °C for 16 hours affording 43.8 mg (75 %) of the title compounds as a TFA salt. LC/MS m/z: 398 H+ 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 0.93 (d, 3H), 1.03 (d, 3H), 1.13 (d, 3H), 1.17 - 1.79 (m, 5.5H), 2.23 (m, 0.5H), 3.08 - 3.29 (m, 1.5H), 3.59 (d, 0.5H), 4.0 and 4.59 (2xm, 1H), 4.19 (s, 2H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.57 (t, 2H), 8.55 (s, 1 H).
The following compounds were made in a similar way as described in example 9 above:
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000054_0002
Example 10
2-(2H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-N-f4-(1.3.3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.11octane-6-carbonyl)-phenvπ- acetamide
Figure imgf000054_0001
To a mixture of (2 --tetrazol-5-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (2.0 g, 12.81 mmol), trityl chloride (3.7 g, 13.45 mmol) in dry THF (75 ml) was added TEA (3.7 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred for 18 hrs. at room temperature. Water (10 ml) was added and the precipitate filtered off, redissolved in EtOAc (25 ml) and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 15 ml). The organic phase was dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in ethanol (150 ml) and potassium hydroxide (0.8 g, 13.45 mmol) dissolved in ethanol (100 ml) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 18 hrs. at room temperature. The precipitate was filtered off and dissolved in water (150 ml) and acidified with cone. HCI (use diluted HCI). The precipitate was filtered off and washed with diethyl ether and dried in vacuo at 50 °C affording 0.7 g (15 %) of (2-trityl-2H-tetrazol-5- yl)-acetic acid as a solid. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 4.07 (s, 2H), 7.10 (d, 6H), 7.34 (m, 9H).
To a solution of (2-trityl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-acetic acid (0.82 g, 2.20 mmol) in dry THF (50 mi) was added CDI (0.4 g, 2.39 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min. To this mixture was added (4-amino-phenyl)-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)- methanone (0.5 g, 1.84 mmol) and the stirring was continued for 18 hrs. at room temperature. The mixture was evaporated and the residue purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using EtOAc-Heptane (4:1) as eluent. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness affording 150 mg (13 %) of Λ/-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyI-6-aza-bicycIo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-2-(2-trityl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl-acetamide which was dissolved in THF (25 ml) followed by addition of 20 % aqueous HCI (20 ml). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs. at room temperature at which time the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The aqueous residue was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 ml), dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo affording 30 mg (4 %) of the title compound as a solid. LC/MS: m/z: 383 H+ 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.92 (d, 3H), 1.05 (s, 3H), 1.14 (d, 3H), 1.17 - 1.84 (m, 5.5H), 2.22 (m, 0.5H), 3.24 - 3.27 (m, 1.5H), 3.66 (d, 0.5H), 4.01 (bs, 2.5H), 4.61 (m, 0.5H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 9.68 (bs, 1H).
Example 11
3-Piperidin-1 -yl-N-r4-(1.3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclo[3.2.1 loctane-6-carbonyl)-phenyll- propionamide
Figure imgf000055_0001
To a solution of (4-amino-phenyl)-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)- methanone (3.0 g, 11.01 mmol) and TEA (3.1 ml, 22.03 mmol) in dry THF (40 ml) was added dropwise acryloyl chloride (1.07 ml, 13.22 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 45 min., the volatiles evaporated and to the residue added water 25 (ml). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 25 ml) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified on column chromatography (silicagel) using EtOAc-Heptane 1:1 as eluent. Pure fractions were collected, the solvent evaporated in vacuo affording 1.7 g (47 %) of N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acrylamide as an oil.
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.93 (d, 3H), 1.03 (d, 3H), 1.12 (d, 3H), 1.17 - 1.76 (m, 5.5H), 2.24 (m, 0.5H), 3.18 (d, 0.5H), 3.27 (d, 1H), 3.59 (d, 0.5 H), 4.01 and 4.59 (2xm, 1H), 5.76 (d, 1H), 6.31 (dd, 2H), 6.44 (d, 1H), 7.36 (dd, 2H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 8.13 (m, 1H).
To a mixture of N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 joctane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- acrylamide (0.2 g, 0.613 mmol) and piperidine (120 μl, 1.23 mmol) in EtOH (10 ml) was added two drops of TEA. The resulting mixture was heated in a microwave oven at 100 °C for 25 min. The volatiles were evaporated in vacuo and the residue purified on column chromatography (silicagel) using first EtOAc followed by 4% TEA in EtOAc-EtOH 9:1 as eluents. Semi pure fractions were collected, the solvent evaporated in vacuo and the residue dissolved in 1 N HCI (2.5 ml). Water (5 ml) was added followed by diethyl ether (10 ml) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The organic phase was discarded and the pH of the aqueous phase adjusted to 10 with 1 N NaOH followed by extraction with diethyl ether (2 x 10 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo affording 55 mg (22 %) of the title compound as an oil. LC/MS: m/z: 412 H+ 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.93 (d, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 1.13 (d, 3H), 1.17 - 1.79 (m, 11H), 1.93 (bs, 0.5H), 2.24 (m, 0.5H), 2.47 - 2.68 (m, 8H), 3.20 (d, 0.5H), 3.28 (d, 1H), 3.57 (d, 0.5H), 4.03 and 4.60 (2xm, 1H), 7.42 (dd, 2H), 7.57 (t, 2H), 11.57 (s, 1H).
The following compound was made in a similar way as described in example 11 above:
Figure imgf000056_0002
Example 12
2-(3,4-Dihvdro-2H-αuinolin-1-yl)-N-methyl-N-f4-(1.3.3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.noctane-6- carbonvD-phenyll-acetamide
Figure imgf000056_0001
To a mixture of (4-methylamino-phenyl)-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6- yl)-methanone (0.6 g, 2.1 mmol) and TEA (0.6 ml, 4.19 mmol) in dry THF (40 ml) was added dropwise chloroacetyl chloride (0.25 ml, 3.14 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 75 min. and evaporated in vacuo followed by addition of water 75 (ml). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 25 ml) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na2S0 ), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified on column chromatography (silicagel) using EtOAc-Heptane 1:1 as eluent. Pure fractions were collected; the solvent evaporated in vacuo affording 400 mg (53 %) of 2-chloro-N-methyl-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyI)-phenyl]-acetamide as a solid. TLC: EtOAc-Heptane (3:1), Rf: 0.24 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.96 (d, 3H), 1.06 (d, 3H), 1.14 (s, 3H), 1.20 - 1.82 (m, 5.5H), 2.24 (m, 0.5H), 3.08 - 3.28 (m, 1.5H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.61 (d, 0.5 H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 4.0 and 4.62 (2xm, 1H), 7.31 (dd, 2H), 7.57 (dd, 2H).
To a mixture of 2-chloro-Λ/-methyl-Λ/-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide (0.1 g, 0.276 mmol) and 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline (55 mg, 0.413 mmol) in MeCN (5 ml) was added DIPEA (0.1 ml, 0.551 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated in a microwave oven at 100 °C for 10 min. The volatiles were evaporated in vacuo and the residue purified on column chromatography (silicagel) using EtOAc-Heptane 2:1 as eluent. Pure fractions were collected; the solvent evaporated in vacuo 50 mg (39 %) of the title compound as an oil. TLC: EtOAc, Rf: 0.42 LC/MS: m/z: 460 H+ 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.95 (d, 3H), 1.05 (d, 3H), 1.14 (d, 3H), 1.21 - 1.88 (m, 7.5H), 2.25 (m, 0.5H), 2.71 (bs, 2H), 3.15 - 3.30 (m, 6H), 3.61 (d, 1H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.95 (m, 0.5H), 4.61 (m, 0.5H), 6.26 (d, 1H), 6.57 (t, 1H), 6.91 (d, 1H), 6.98 (t, 1H), 7.30 (t, 2H), 7.53 (m, 2H).
Example 13
1-Morpholin-4-yl-2-r4-(1.3.3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.noctane-6-carbonyl)-phenylaminol- ethanone
Figure imgf000057_0001
To a solution of [4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenyljcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester (0.5 g, 1.34 mmol) in dry DMF (40 ml) was added sodium hydride (80 mg, 3.33 mmol in 60% mineral oil) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. 2-Chioro-1-morpholin-4-yl-ethanone (264 mg, 1.61 mmol) was added and the stirring was continued for an additional 1 hr. at 50 °C. The reaction was quenched by addition of water (50 ml) and extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 25 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM (20 ml) and TFA (10 ml) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hrs. at room temperature and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using first EtOAc (500 ml) followed by 4% TEA in EtOAc as eluents. Semi-pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness affording 0.4 g as an oil which was dissolved in EtOAc (25 ml) and washed with water (2 x 25 ml), dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo affording 180 mg (34%) of the title compound as a oil. TLC: (EtOAc, 4% TEA), Rf: 0.22
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.94 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 1.11 (d, 3H), 1.21 - 1.75 (m, 5.5H), 2.25 (d, 0.5H), 3.27 (t, 1H), 3.35 (d, 0.5H), 3.47 - 3.55 (m, 2.5H), 3.71 (m, 6H), 3.89 (s, 2H), 4.11 (m, 0.5H), 4.57 (m, 0.5H), 6.58 (t, 2H), 7.37 (dd, 2H).
The following compound was made in a similar way as described in example 13 above:
Figure imgf000058_0002
Example 14 r4-(2-Methoxy-ethylamino)-phenyll-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.1 loct-6-vQ-methanone
Figure imgf000058_0001
To a solution of [4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyI)- phenyijcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester (0.5 g, 1.34 mmol) in dry DMF (25 ml) was added sodium hydride (75 mg, 1.88 mmol in 60% mineral oil) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. 1-Bromo-2-methoxy-ethane (224 mg, 1.61 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to reflux and allowed to cool to room temperature with stirring. The reaction was quenched by addition of water (20 ml) and extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 25 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (25 ml), dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM (15 ml) and TFA (10 ml) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 hrs. at room temperature and evaporated in vacuo. To the residue was added water (10 ml) and diethyl ether (20 ml) and the pH was adjusted to 9 by addition of 1 N sodium hydroxide. The organic phase was separated and dried (Na2S0 ), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using EtOAc/heptane (1:1) as eluent. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness affording 0.3 g (68 %) of the title compound as an oil. TLC: (EtOAc), Rf: 0.46
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.93 (s, 3H), 1.03 (d, 3H), 1.11 (d, 3H), 1.21 - 1.75 (m, 5.5H), 2.25 (d, 0.5H), 3.30 (m, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.52 (d, 0.5H), 3.60 (t, 2H), 3.70 (m, 0.5H), 4.10 (m, 0.5H), 4.58 (m, 0.5H), 6.58 (t, 2H), 7.36 (dd, 2H).
Example 15 N-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-N-r4-(1.3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicvclor3.2.1 loctane-6-carbonviy-phenyll- benzamide
Figure imgf000059_0001
To a mixture of [4-(2-methoxy-ethylamino)-phenyl]-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-methanone (0.1 g, 0.303 mmol) and TEA (0.13 ml, 0.91 mmol) in dry THF (20 ml) was added dropwise benzoyl chloride (0.07 ml, 0.61 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 1 hr. and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified on column chromatography (silicagel) using EtOAc-Heptane (1:1) as eluent. Pure fractions were collected; the solvent evaporated in vacuo affording 90 mg (68 %) of the title compound as an oil. TLC: (EtOAc), Rf: 0.46 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.93 (d, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 1.09 (d, 3H), 1.21 - 1.76 (m, 5.5H), 2.19 (d, 0.5H), 3.05 - 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.32 (d, 0.5H), 3.37 (d, 3H), 3.56 (m, 0.5H), 3.67 (t, 2H), 3.84 (m, 0.5H), 4.10 (m, 2H), 4.59 (m, 0.5H), 7.15 (m, 3H), 7.29 (m, 6H).
The following compound was made in a similar way as described in examples 14 and 15 above:
Figure imgf000059_0002
Figure imgf000060_0002
Example 16
(4-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-(1.3.3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclor3.2.1loct-6-yl)-methanone
Figure imgf000060_0001
To a mixture of 4-benzyloxy-benzoic acid (0.5 g, 2.191 mmol) and HOBT (326 mg,
2.41 mmol) in dry THF (50 ml) was added EDAC (462 mg, 2.41 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min. followed by addition of a mixture of DIPEA (420 μl, 2.41 mmol) and 1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (410 μl, 2.41 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 16 hrs. and evaporated to dryness. To the residue was added water (50 ml) and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel) using a mixture of EtOAc-Heptane (1:3) as eluent. Pure fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness affording 610 mg (77 %) of the title compound as an oil. TLC (EtOAc-Heptane (1:1) Rf: 0.4
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 0.93 (d, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 1.12 (d, 3H), 1.30 - 1.5 (m, 4H), 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 0.5H), 2.25 (dd, 0.5H), 3.20 (d, 0.5H), 3.29 (m, 1H), 3.56 (d, 0.5H), 4.03 (m, 0.5H), 4.59 (m, 0.5H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 6.96 (m, 2H), 7.3 - 7.46 (m, 7H).
PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS
11βHSD1 enzyme assay
Materials
3H-cortisone and anti-rabbit Ig coated scintillation proximity assay (SPA) beads were purchased from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, β-NADPH was from Sigma and rabbit anti- cortisol antibodies were from Fitzgerald. An extract of yeast transformed with h-11 βHSD1 (Hult et al., FEBS Lett, 441. 25 (1998)) was used as the source of enzyme. The test compounds were dissolved in DMSO (10 mM). All dilutions were performed in a buffer containing 50 mM TRIS-HCI (Sigma Chemical Co), 4 mM EDTA (Sigma Chemical Co), 0.1% BSA (Sigma Chemical Co), 0.01 % Tween-20 (Sigma Chemical Co) and 0.005% bacitracin (Novo Nordisk A/S), pH=7.4. Optiplate 96 wells plates were supplied by Packard. The amount of 3H- cortisol bound to the SPA beads was measured on TopCount NXT, Packard.
Methods h-11βHSD1, 120 nM 3H-cortisone, 4 mM β-NADPH, antibody (1:200), serial dilutions of test compound and SPA particles (2 mg/well) were added to the wells. The reaction was initiated by mixing the different components and was allowed to proceed under shaking for 60 min at 30°C. The reaction was stopped be the addition of 10 fold excess of a stopping buffer containing 500 μM carbenoxolone and 1 μM cortisone. Data was analysed using GraphPad Prism software.

Claims

1. A compound of the general formula (I):
Figure imgf000062_0001
wherein
R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are forming a saturated or partially saturated bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one of R5, R5oxy-, R6, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, d-C6alkyl, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrC6alkyl, hetarylCrCealkyl or d-Cealkyloxyd-Cβalkyl, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one ore more of R7;
R3 is CrCβalkyI, -NR8R9, -C(=0)NR8R9 or -OR10, wherein the alkyl group is optionally substituted with one or more of R11;
R is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, cyano, trihalomethyl or d-dalkyl;
R5 is CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, C3-C10cycloalkylcarbonyl-, d-docycloalkyld-Cealkylcarbonyl-, arylcarbonyl-, arylCrC6alkylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl- or hetarylCrC6alkylcarbonyl-;
R6 is d-dalkyloxy-, aryloxy-, arylCrdalkyloxy-, hetaryloxy- or hetarylCrC6alkyloxy-;
R7 is hydrogen, CrC8alkyl, CrC6alkyloxy or arylC C6alkyl;
R8 is hydrogen, CrCβalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C3-Cι0cycloalkylCrC6alkyl, CrdalkyloxyCr C6alkyl, arylCrC6alkyloxyCrC6alkyl or C2-C6alkenyl;
R9 is CrC6alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkylCrCβalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C3- C10hetcycloalkylcarbonyl-, arylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl-, d-Cealkyloxyd-Cβalkyl, NR12R 3carbonyld-C6alkyl-, R14CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, -COR15, CrC6alkyIS(0)n-, arylS(0)n-, arylCrC6alkylS(0)n-, aryICrC6alkyl or hetarylCrCealkyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R11;
R10 is C Cβalkyl, arylCrCealkyi or NR12R13carbonylCrC6alkyl, wherein the alkyl and aryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R 1 ;
R11 is R5, R6, halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, -COR15, d-C8alkyl, d-C8alkyloxy, C3-C10cycloalkyl, trihalomethyl, trihalomethyloxy, aryl, arylCrC6alkyl, CrCβalkyloxyCrCβalkyl, aryloxyd- C6alkyl, arylCrCealkyloxyCrCβalkyl, hetaryl, hetarylCrCealkyl, hetaryloxyCrC6alkyl, hetaryld-Cealkyloxyd-Cβalkyl, -NR12R13, -S02NR12R13, NR12R13carbonyld-C6alkyl,
R16carbonylN(R12)-, arylS(0)n-, hetarylS(0)n- or R17S(0)nN(R12)-; wherein the aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R18;
R12 and R13 independently are hydrogen, d-dalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, d-docycloalkyld-Ce- alkyl, C3-C10hetcycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrC6alkyl or hetarylCrCealkyl wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R18; or
R12 and R13 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are forming a saturated or partially saturated cyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon at- oms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one R5, R5oxy-, R6, halo, cyano, hydroxy, oxo, d-dalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrdalkyl, hetarylCrdalkyl, CrCβalkyloxyd-dalkyl, NR12R13carbonylCrC6alkyl, NR12R13CrC6alkylcarbonyl-, R14d-C6alkylcarbonyl- or -COR15;
R14 is CrC6alkyloxy, C3-C10cycloalkyloxy-, C3-C10cycloalkylCrC6alkyloxy-, C3-C10hetcyclo- alkyloxy-, aryl, hetaryl, arylCrdalkyloxy, hetarylCrC6alkyloxy, -NR12R13, -COR15, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R20;
R15 is d-dalkyl, hydroxy, d-C8alkyloxy, -NR12R13, aryl, aryloxy or arylCrdalkyloxy;
R16 is R6, d-dalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, aryl, aryld-dalkyl, hetaryl, hetaryld-dalkyl, C3-C10- cycloalkyl, C3-C10hetcycloalkyl, arylCrCealkyloxyCrCealkyl-, hetaryld-CβalkyloxyCrdalkyl- or R12R13NCrC6alkyl- wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups are optionally substituted with R19; R17 is CrC6alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C3-Cι0hetcycloalkyl, aryl, arylCrCealkyi, hetaryl, hetarylCrCealkyl;
R18 is R6, -NR12R13, oxo, d-C6alkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl or C3-C10hetcycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R7;
R19 is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, oxo, nitro, cyano or -COR15;
R20 is hydrogen, d-dalkyl, -NR12R13, d-dalkyloxy or aryld-dalkyl;
X and Y independently are carbon or nitrogen;
n is 1 or 2; or
a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, including a racemic mixture, or any tautomeric forms.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein X and Y are carbon.
3. A compound according to claim 1 or 2 wherein R3 is -NR8R9, -C(=0)NR8R9 or -OR10, wherein R8, R9 and R10 are as defined in claim 1.
4. A compound according to claim 3 wherein R3 is -NR8R9, wherein R8 and R9 are as defined in claim 1.
5. A compound according to any of the claims 1-4 wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, are forming a saturated or partially saturated bicyclic or tricyclic ring system containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen, the ring system optionally being substituted with at least one of R6, hydroxyl or CrCβalkyl, wherein the alkyl groups independently are optionally substituted with one ore more of R7, wherein R6 and R7 are as defined in claim 1.
6. A compound according to any of the claims 1 -5 wherein R4 is hydrogen or halo.
7. A compound according to any of the claims 1-6 wherein R5 is C3-C10cycloalkylcarbonyl- or C3-docycloalkylCrdalkylcarbonyl-.
8. A compound according to any of the claims 1-7 wherein R6 is d-dalkyloxy-.
9. A compound according to any of the claims 1-8 wherein R8 is hydrogen, Crdalkyl, C3- docycloalkyl or d-docycloalkyld-dalkyl.
10. A compound according to any of the claims 1-9 wherein R9 is d-dalkyl, C3-C10cyclo- alkyl, d-docycloaikyld-dalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkylcarbonyl-, C3-C10hetcycloalkylcarbonyl-, arylcarbonyl-, hetarylcarbonyl-, d-Cβalkyloxyd-Cβalkyl, NR12R13carbonylCrC6alkyl-, R14Cr C6alkylcarbonyl-, -COR15, arylCrC6alkylS(0)n-, arylCrC6alkyl or hetaryld-dalkyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more R11.
11. A compound according to any of the claims 1 -10 wherein R10 is d-dalkyl, wherein the alkyl group is optionally substituted with one or more R11.
12. A compound according to any of the claims 1-11 wherein R11 is R5, R6, halo, hydroxy, d-dalkyloxy, oxo, cyano, -COR15, CrC8alkyl or trihalomethyl.
13. A compound according any of the claims 1-12 wherein R14 is d-dalkyloxy, C3- docycloalkyloxy-, d-docycloalkyld-dalkyloxy-, C3-C10hetcycloalkyloxy-, arylCrdalkyloxy, hetarylC C6alkyloxy, -NR12R13, or -COR15, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetcycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more of R20.
14. A compound according any of the claims 1-13 selected from the group consisting of: [4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester;
(4-Amino-phenyl)-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-methanone; (4-Amino-phenyl)-(4-aza-tricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undec-4-yl)-methanone; (4-Methylamino-phenyI)-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-methanone; or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, including a racemic mixture, a prodrug thereof, or any tautomeric forms.
15. A compound according any of the claims 1-13 selected from the group consisting of:
N-Methyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- methanesulfonamide;
N-Methyl-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-benzene- sulfonamide; N-Methyl-C-phenyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- methanesulfonamide;
N-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-methanesulfonamide;
N-Ethyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-methane- sulfonamide; N-Cyclopropylmethyl-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- methanesulfonamide;
N-[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-isonicotinamide;
2,4-Dichloro-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-benzamide;
2,4-Dimethoxy-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzamide;
4-Trifluoromethoxy-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzamide;
3,4-Dimethoxy-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzamide; 3,5-Dimethyl-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzamide;
3-Trifluoromethoxy-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzamide;
3,5-Dimethoxy-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzamide;
3-Cyano-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-benzamide;
N-[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide;
Phenyl-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-methane- sulfonamide; Butane-1-sulfonic acid [4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- amide;
3-Trifluoromethyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzenesulfonamide; N-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicycio[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-isophthalamic acid methyl ester;
N-[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-isophthalamic acid;
4-Methoxy-cyclo-hexanecarboxylic acid [4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-amide; 6-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-nicotinic acid methyl ester;
6-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-nicotinic acid;
N-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-malonamic acid ethyl ester; N-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-malonamic acid tert- butyl ester;
3-[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-cyclohexane- carboxylic acid methyl ester;
3-[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-cyclohexane- carboxylic acid;
N-[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-benzamide;
N-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyi-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-isonicotinamide;
N-[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-nicotinamide;
Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- amide;
1-Acetyl-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid [4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-amide;
N-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-succinamic acid methyl ester; N-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-succinamic acid;
N-[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-malonamic acid;
2-Amino-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
2-Acetylamino-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylj- succinamic acid methyl ester; 2-Acetylamino-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- succinamic acid;
N-Methyl-N'-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-succinamide;
N,N-Dimethyl-N'-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- succinamide;
N-[5-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-benzamide;
N-Methyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-benzamide;
3)5,N-Trimethyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3,2,1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl)- benzamide; 2,4-Dimethoxy-N-methyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzamide;
3,5-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- benzamide;
4-Bromo-N,N-dimethyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- , benzamide;
N-Methyl-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-isonicotin- amide;
N-Methyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-nicotinamide;
2-Piperidin-1-yl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- acetamide;
2-Morpholin-4-yl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- acetamide;
2-(4-MethyI-piperazin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide; 2-Dimethylamino-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- acetamide;
2-[(2-Dimethylamino-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
2-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-(4-Acetyl-piperidin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-(4-Dimethylamino-piperidin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide; 2-(4-Oxo-piperidin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- acetamide;
2-[Methyl-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-amino]-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicycIo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide; 2-(3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyridin-1 -yl)-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
1-{[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylcarbamoyl]-methyl}- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester;
N-[4-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-acetamide;
2-(4-AcetyI-piperazin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicycIo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-(2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-[1 ,2']bipyrazinyl-4-yl)-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 joctane-
6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide; 2-(Cyclohexyl-methyl-amino)-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzyloxy)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-Benzyloxy-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide; 2-(3,4-Dihydro- H-isoquinolin-2-yl)-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
2-(6-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-Azepan-1 -yl-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylj- acetamide;
2-(6,7-Dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-7H-isoquinolin-2-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]- octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
2-lndol-1-yl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
2-Benzoimidazol-1-yl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicycIo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- acetamide;
2-(2,3-Dihydro-indol-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-Benzotriazol-1 -yl-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylj- acetamide; 2-(4-Benzoyl-piperidin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-(4-tert-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide; 2-(4-Phenyl-piperidin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-(4-Hydroxy-4-phenyl-piperidin-1 -yl)-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
2-(4-Pyridin-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyI-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-(4-Phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-(4-Pyrimidin-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide; 2-(4-Acetyl-4-phenyl-piperidin-1 -yl)-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
2-(4-Cyano-4-phenyl-piperidin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
2-(4-Pyridin-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)- phenylj-acetamide;
2-[4-(2-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-acetyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-
6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
2-(Piperidin-4-yloxy)-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- acetamide; 2-(2H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- acetamide;
3-Piperidin-1-yl-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyI-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- propionamide;
3-Benzylamino-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]- propionamide;
2-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-N-methyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6- carbonyl)-phenyl]-acetamide;
1-Morpholin-4-yl-2-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylamino]- ethanone; [4-(2-Piperidin-1-yl-ethylamino)-phenyl]-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)- methanone;
N-Methyl-N-phenyl-2-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl- aminoj-acetamide; N-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-N-[4-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenylj- benzamide;
N-Allyl-N-[4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-phenyl]-benzamide; [4-(2-methoxy-ethylamino)-phenyl]-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-methanone; (4-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-methanone; or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, including a racemic mixture, a prodrug thereof, or any tautomeric forms.
16. A compound according any of the claims 1-13 selected from the group consisting of: 3-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-benzoylamino]-propionic acid methyl ester;
3-[4-(1 ,3,3-Trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carbonyl)-benzoylamino]-propionic acid; or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, including a racemic mixture, a prodrug thereof, or any tautomeric forms.
17. A compound according any of the claims 1-13 which is (4-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-(1 ,3,3- trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-methanone or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, including a ra- cemic mixture, a prodrug thereof, or any tautomeric forms.
18. A compound according to any one of the preceding claims, which is an agent useful for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of any conditions, disorders and diseases wherein a modulation or an inhibition of the activity of 11 βHSD1 is beneficial.
19. A compound according to any one of the claims 1 -17, which is an agent useful for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of any conditions, disorders and diseases that are influenced by intracellular glucocorticoid levels.
20. A compound according to any one of the claims 1-17 which is an agent useful for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of conditions, disorders or diseases selected from the group consisting of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity.
21. A compound according to any one of the claims 1-17 which is an agent useful for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
22. A compound according to any one of the claims 1 -17 which is an agent useful for the delaying or prevention of the progression from IGT into type 2 diabetes.
23. A compound according to any one of the claims 1-17 which is an agent useful for delaying or prevention of the progression of the metabolic syndrome into type 2 diabetes.
24. A compound according to any one of the claims 1-17 which is an agent useful for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment or therapy.
25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, at least one compound according to any one of the claims 1-17 together with one ore more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
26. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 25 which is for oral, nasal, buccal, transdermal, pulmonal or parenteral administration.
27. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 25 or 26 in unit dosage form, comprising from 0.05 mg to 2000 mg/day, from 0.1 mg to 1000 mg or from 0.5 mg to 500 mg per day of the compound according to anyone of the claims 1-17.
28. A use of a compound according to any of the claims 1-17, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of any conditions, disorders and diseases wherein a modulation or an inhibition of the activity of 11βHSD1 is beneficial.
29. A use of a compound according to any of the claims 1-17, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of any conditions, disorders and diseases that are influenced by intracellular glucocorticoid levels.
30. A use of a compound according to any of the claims 1-17, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of conditions, disorders or diseases selected from the group consisting of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity.
31. A use of a compound according to any of the claims 1 -17, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
32. A use of a compound according to any of the claims 1-17, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the delaying or prevention of the progression from IGT to type 2 diabetes.
33. A use of a compound according to any of the claims 1-17, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the delaying or prevention of the progression of the metabolic syndrome into type 2 diabetes.
34. A use of a compound according to any of the claims 1-17, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of adverse effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist treatment or therapy.
35. A method for the treatment, prevention and/or prophylaxis of any conditions, disorders or diseases wherein a modulation or an inhibition of the activity of 11βHSD1 is beneficial, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound according to the invention.
36. The method according to claim 35 wherein the conditions, disorders or diseases are selected from the group consisting of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity.
PCT/DK2004/000252 2003-04-11 2004-04-06 11β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 1 ACTIVE COMPOUNDS WO2004089896A1 (en)

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