WO2004088663A2 - Processeur de media - Google Patents

Processeur de media Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004088663A2
WO2004088663A2 PCT/GB2004/001468 GB2004001468W WO2004088663A2 WO 2004088663 A2 WO2004088663 A2 WO 2004088663A2 GB 2004001468 W GB2004001468 W GB 2004001468W WO 2004088663 A2 WO2004088663 A2 WO 2004088663A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
media
processing
job
jobs
queue
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2004/001468
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2004088663A3 (fr
Inventor
Stuart Murray
Original Assignee
Bbc Technology Holdings Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bbc Technology Holdings Limited filed Critical Bbc Technology Holdings Limited
Publication of WO2004088663A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004088663A2/fr
Publication of WO2004088663A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004088663A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
    • G11B27/031—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/34—Indicating arrangements 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/42—Arrangements for resource management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/02—Arrangements for generating broadcast information; Arrangements for generating broadcast-related information with a direct linking to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for simultaneous generation of broadcast information and broadcast-related information
    • H04H60/06—Arrangements for scheduling broadcast services or broadcast-related services

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a media processing apparatus and method.
  • Media processing is a specialist operation in which typically skilled operators individually edit clips to produce individually tailored programs.
  • a media production system such as a news production studio, and indeed the majority of media systems and devices rely on digital video compression of one form or another. This inevitably demands coding, decoding or transcoding operations to be performed, which operations are typically very computationally intensive and therefore time consuming.
  • the present inventors have recognised that in a media production system, an essentially different problem is faced, due to the number of video streams being received and edited at substantially the same time, and the number of different processes which need to be performed on each video stream. Although there may not be the need for processing to be performed in real time, it remains desirable to perform such processing as quickly and efficiently as possible, and for such processing to be resilient to failure.
  • the number of workstations and processing chains in a practical system can grow dramatically.
  • a large media production system may have over 200 simultaneous users with, for example, 20 different edits occurring simultaneously. However, because of the individual nature of media • production tasks the workstations required cannot readily be shared between users.
  • a media processing method for processing media items within a media production system wherein a plurality of media items are processed individually, including at least one of processing to extract key frames; processing to detect scene changes; or processing to provide at least one corresponding media item of alternative resolution; the method comprising receiving a plurality of media items; defining a processing job for each media item to be processed, said job comprising one or more media processing operations to be performed on that media item; storing an ordered list of processing jobs in a bulk job queue; selectively passing identifiers of queued processing jobs and associated media items to an array of media processors for processing by an available processor; and following processing by the array, making said processed items available within said media management system.
  • This method allows certain. processing operations for a single item to be identified and grouped together for efficient processing while at the same time providing high media processing throughput by allowing multiple media items to be processed simultaneously.
  • the method maintains a single queue of processing jobs for ease of tracking and management and resilience to failure of an individual media processor.
  • Each processing job is preferably performed by a single processor independently of other processors in the array so that failure of a processor or of a single processing operation will only affect a single media item.
  • jobs contain more than one processing operation, it is beneficial for the output of one processing operation to stream to the input of the next processing operation, each job preferably comprising a memory resident pipeline of processing operations. This maintains overall processing efficiency for the system by reducing unnecessary disc access.
  • processing jobs are assigned priority values, so that the job queue can be managed more intelligently, so that more important or time critical jobs are advanced to the front of the queue for earlier processing.
  • the array of processors can be managed simply and efficiently by automatically passing queued jobs to the next available processor in queue order. This ensures minimum idle time for all processors.
  • One or more processors of the array may be controlled independently of other processors in the array, and can then receive queued jobs selectively from any part of the bulk queue. At the same time the remainder of the array preferably remains under automatic control so that the next job in the queue is passed to the first available processor. This provides added flexibility to the media system when required and can if required allow a particular media item to be processed, or a particular processing operation to be performed immediately, at the expense of the overall efficiency of the system
  • processing jobs are automatically defined according to predetermined job rules.
  • certain types of processing such as keyframe extraction for example, will be applied to a large number, if not all, incoming media.
  • significant time and resource savings can be made by automatically determining which processing operations should be applied to which incoming media.
  • Each job rule will preferably consist of one or more terms, each term specifying a metadata field name, an operator, and a value to be satisfied by that operator. Metadata will either be assigned to media items as they are ingested, allowing rule based processing immediately afterwards, or can be assigned to scheduled ingests, meaning that rules can advantageously be run to determine processing jobs in advance of the media actually being received. For example, rules can be based on the source of the incoming media, an agency feed indicator or a live indicator.
  • processing jobs have been defined prior to receiving a media item
  • processing of the media item can desirably be performed concurrently with recording of that media item into the system, allowing the processed output to be available to the system substantially immediately.
  • media items will preferably be available to different users for different purposes eg. archiving, editing, playout etc.
  • the processed output is preferably assigned metadata so as to be readily identifiable and searchable by system users. In this way, those media processing operations which have been identified as being substantially generic can be performed centrally and efficiently by the processing array.
  • the processed items can then be retrieved by users for individual subsequent processing, at a local workstation for example.
  • a media production system comprising means for receiving a plurality of media items (for example a satellite receiver); media storage means such as a memory array for storing said received media items; control means for defining a processing job for each item comprising one or more processing operations to be performed on that item; means for storing said processing jobs in a queue; an array of media processors each adapted to perform at least one of: keyframe extraction; scene change detection; and transcoding to a lower resolution; wherein jobs are selected from the queue, and the media item corresponding to those selected jobs is passed to the array and for processing by an available processor, the processed media items being passed to the media storage means.
  • media storage means such as a memory array for storing said received media items
  • control means for defining a processing job for each item comprising one or more processing operations to be performed on that item
  • means for storing said processing jobs in a queue an array of media processors each adapted to perform at least one of: keyframe extraction; scene change detection; and transcoding to a lower resolution; wherein jobs are selected from
  • the control means will preferably be a control processor, and means for storing jobs in a queue could comprise, for example a dedicated memory or a partitioned segment of the system memory.
  • the invention also provides a computer program and a computer program product for carrying out any of the methods described herein and/or for embodying any of the apparatus features described herein, and a computer readable medium having stored thereon a program for carrying out any of the methods described herein and/or for embodying any of the apparatus features described herein.
  • the invention also provides a signal embodying a computer program for carrying out any of the methods described herein and/or for embodying any of the apparatus features described herein, a method of transmitting such a signal, and a computer product having an operating system which supports a computer program for carrying out any of the methods described herein and/or for embodying any of the apparatus features described herein.
  • the methods and apparatus described herein may be implemented in conjunction with media input, editing and transmission systems, aspects of which are described in the applicant's co-pending patent applications.
  • aspects of a system for managing data for transmission are described in the applicant's co-pending patent application entitled “System and Method for Media Management”, Attorney Reference No. IK/26522WO, filed on 5 April 2004, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • aspects of a system and method for media data storage and retrieval are described in the applicant's co-pending patent application entitled “Data Storage and Retrieval System and Method", Attorney Reference No. IK/26523WO, filed on 5 April 2004, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a media management system
  • Figure 2 illustrates the functionality of an exemplary media processor system.
  • a metacore 100 is at the centre of the system, and comprises a metadata store 101 and a media store 102.
  • Media intake for example from video feeds, agencies, newsgathering teams etc. can be received via an edit matrix 106 which is controlled by a network control system 108.
  • metadata values which are stored in the metadata store.
  • Media intake can also be received from viewing and editing services 110 and Archive service 112.
  • the metadata values may be imported with the incoming media, may be assigned values by a system operator or may be assigned default values.
  • the associated media is then stored in the media store 102.
  • Users of the system can use viewing and editing services 110 to view and edit media managed by the system, and can search the system by metadata attributes to find relevant media. Once the relevant metadata describing the desired media has been found, the system can retrieve the associated media from the media store (if it exists there) for use by the user. Users can edit existing media to create new media items, to be input into the metacore.
  • the media store is an online store, and media held within it can be accessed and manipulated directly via devices networked to the metacore.
  • the practical constraints of media storage dictate that only a certain volume of media can be maintained online in this way, and as new media is constantly fed into the system, existing media must be removed. This is particularly true of the media essence, and less so of the metadata. If it is determined that the media is important and cannot simply be deleted, it must be stored offline, or archived.
  • An archive service 112 is therefore linked to the metacore.
  • the archive service is in turn linked to one or more VTRs 114.
  • the archive service identifies media, via its metadata, to be taken from the media store and recorded to tape (offline).
  • the archive service can also act to re-ingest into the (online) media store tape based media.
  • the metacore is connected to transmission servers 116. These transmission servers can accept media items which are ready to be broadcast on transmission system 118.
  • the system supports media in many formats, for example from transmission quality video to web quality.
  • a media post processor 120 is included in the system.
  • the output from the post processor is typically stored in the media store or proxy store, or in certain instances may be passed directly for output, eg. to a web hosting 122.
  • the post processor is described in greater detail below.
  • a Booking may simply specify a media feed from one location that is to be routed to another location, internal or external to the media management system. Bookings may be divided into Arrival bookings that are scheduled recordings, and Departure bookings for media items that are to be played out from the system to another destination.
  • all media items and media essence contained in the system are either the result of recording from the edit matrix, or from the archive service, or imported from the Editing services.
  • a variety of recording methods are supported by the system, including methods for media sources that must be recorded live from within the news facility, from a tape source, or an Agency feed. These are managed by a centralized facility which is referred to as the 'Mediapoif.
  • the Mediaport is also responsible for managing the subsequent accessing of recordings.
  • the Mediaport can manage all media ingested into the system.
  • the following list includes examples of metadata fields which can be assigned to track bookings:
  • Metadata will typically include:
  • the type of automated recording is specified when the booking is created.
  • the complexities of automated bookings lie primarily in the creating automated booking functionality. The recording itself will simply proceed in an automated fashion, without user interaction or intervention.
  • Media is preferably ingested at the highest available resolution, and will preferably always be ingested at broadcast resolution. This places significant demands on resources, especially in applications which require large throughput; a large news organisation for example will typically receive over 300 hours of new footage every day.
  • a 'rough cut' edit can be created using desktop resolution in the form of a basic EDL, which can then be conformed at higher resolution in preparation for a production edit.
  • Desktop editing work will begin by searching and selecting media items contained in the system. Selected media items are moved into the Desktop editor application and can be edited using well known techniques. Once a Desktop edit has been completed, the package can be shared as an EDL, as a simple tab delimited list of events representing the edit. New media items that are produced using the Desktop Editor are ingested into the system, and can be treated in exactly the same fashion as any other system ingest.
  • the Desktop Editor only produces media item EDLs, and at this stage, and no media essence.
  • the EDL is automatically conformed by the system which creates a new media item.
  • An automatic EDL conform process creates a broadcast quality media instance, and as explained it may be desirable to also create desktop and Web resolutions. Once the automatic conform is complete the media item will work just as any other media item in the system. All searching/logging/viewing capabilities apply
  • Maintaining multiple resolution versions of media can be used to particular advantage for archiving.
  • the broadcast resolution version of that item can be transferred to tape and deleted from the system.
  • that media can be viewed quickly and easily to allow a user to make decisions based on, say, a desktop representation of that media.
  • Transcoding capabilities are provided within the system to enable the system to create additional media essence instances at different resolutions. This supports multiformat editing, and makes efficient use of available storage facilities and archiving capabilities, whilst maintaining searching and viewing functionality as described above. The system will be able to create new media essence instances when these media resolutions needed. As transcoding of media is in progress, a list of items to be transcoded can be viewed by Mediaport staff to monitor progress.
  • Quality Format is DVCAM media, BetaSP or equivalent.
  • Web Quality Information rate approximately from 56Kbps to 300Kbps depending on user requirements and network capacity. Not provided to frame-level accuracy Format to be WindowsMedia or equivalent.
  • the media core will have the following on-line storage capabilities:
  • Transcoding is essentially an asynchronous operation. Care must be taken by system designers and users not to assume that a component generated by the Media Post Processor (MPP) will be available immediately. Transcoding of a media item may be performed:
  • FIG. 2 illustrates post processor functionality in an exemplary system.
  • Media input 200 is ingested into the media store 212 in the metacore as explained.
  • the Metacore 202 sends a request from a post processor application server to the post processor manager 204, which stores the request in a job queue 206.
  • Each 'job' may have multiple components, e.g. a single ingested piece of media may well require keyframe extraction, scene detection and transcode operations to be performed.
  • the job queue is a logical First In First Out (FIFO) queue.
  • the process manager can relay information back to the Metacore.
  • the job queue is resilient to failure i.e. it stores the state of job requests via a store and forward mechanism.
  • the request may include the following information:
  • Type of job eg. KeyframeGen, WindowsMedia, etc.
  • requests are automatically composed and sent to the post processor according to system rules.
  • Each rule will consist of one or more post processor rule terms. Each of these terms consists of a metadata field name, an operator, and a value. The operators allowed by the system will vary depending on the type of the metadata field (i.e. in some cases only an equivalence will be allowed).
  • the archive terms will be linked together using Boolean operators (AND/OR/NOR). This will allow system operators to create complex criteria that will match certain bookings or media items and generate appropriate processing operations or components those media items matched.
  • all bookings which represent agency feeds can be identified and a job defined for the ingested media item comprising scene detection, and keyframe extraction.
  • the recording is likely to be chunked, and therefore the rule can create a separate job for each 'chunk' or media item created by the recording.
  • the rule may also automatically define a priority value for certain ingests, for example live feeds may be assigned a high priority value, or all arrivals bookings containing a certain key word, such as "terrorist", can be assigned a high priority value.
  • all media items entering the system as the result of a conformed desktop edit can be identified and a job created for each such item comprising transcoding to create a desktop resolution proxy and transcoding to create a web resolution proxy.
  • Each post processor instance will have its own internal job mechanism.
  • the post processors are controlled by a node manager 208 within the post processor manager. When a post processor is idle, the node manager will 'pull' a job off the job queue and pass it to that processor.
  • the node manager In the event of a failure, the node manager will indicate when a node has failed. Failure of a server will cause any jobs being handled by that server to be re-queued for service. As the job queue is resilient to failure, a failure of a single node will not affect the system as a whole.
  • a priority value can be assigned to each request or job.
  • the jobs queue is ranked in order of decreasing priority and the job with the highest priority is pulled off the queue each time a processor node becomes available.
  • the post processor manager can disable a node for retaining autonomous control.
  • This processor node can then be used as a 'bypass node' to process high priority jobs.
  • a bypass node is available exclusively for jobs having a priority value above a predetermined threshold.
  • the job queue is a logical FIFO queue, but the bypass node is reserved for processing the job with the highest priority in the queue at any one time. In other words the bypass node 'views' the queue in ranked order.
  • the application server will poll job queue periodically to check for out-of-time jobs then cancel and reissue the job.
  • the post processor node will then execute the processes indicated by the 'job'. Where a job includes multiple components, the output of one job component will stream to the input of the next, avoiding unnecessary disk accesses. Each job is essentially a memory resident pipeline of operations.
  • a job is assigned to a post processor, it is carried out by the processor independently of the other processor instances.
  • the originating source will be retrieved from the media store 212 in the Metacore, and the media streamed to the first job component.
  • Each post processor may implement its job pipelines using known media-streaming architecture eg. Direct Show from Microsoft. MPP Servers are deployed on single CPU servers.
  • the post processor manager can be set up to call back to the application server in the metacore to indicate progress, and to notify when each job is completed. Users of the system can therefore be updated as to the progress of a given job.
  • Each 'job' component will write media results from the post processor to a proxy store 214, and can potentially update metadata information in the metadata store 216. For example a transcoded web proxy will be written to the proxy store and a set of key-frame indexes written back to the Metadata Core, associated with the media item.
  • Proxy media can be pulled from the proxy store, via an application server, for use in searching, viewing and editing, by facilities 218.
  • proxy media may already exist in the system, as a result of post processing of the parent items from which that edit was created. In certain applications this situation can be recognised and transcoding will not be performed for the new item, a set of pointers to the relevant parent media being stored instead. In other applications however, it may be desirable to create new proxies for the newly created item. This may have advantage in overall system efficiency and resource management, for example in situations where the new item is a relatively short item derived from long parent media items containing unwanted media which could otherwise be deleted.
  • processing operations can be performed by the post processor, but the most useful operations include:
  • Processed output to the proxy pipeline will be in 1.5 Mbps MPEG1 format, coming out of the gateway as an MPEG Elementary Stream. This will be used as desktop resolution. All media from the export gateway will be handled over IP.
  • a transcoder will be used to transcode incoming MPEG1 streams into an appropriate web format eg. Windows Media Video 7 or 8 format. Media will preferably be downloaded to users rather than streamed. Keyframe detection can be performed in the post processor by a software filter which can be plugged into a job pipeline, and controlled by the local control process.
  • Available settings for keyframe detection include scene sensitivity tuning and manual key framing, along with minimum and maximum key frame settings.
  • Feedback from the keyframe extraction process will allow the control process to monitor extraction progress; where necessary, it will further permit parameters to be modified to reflect changes in the type of scene being processed, permitting a more fine-grained type of extraction.
  • a feedback control process on the local machine will be responsible for managing feedback and tuning of the extraction process.
  • Keyframes will be generated at the client in this instance, rather than as a background post processor task.
  • Speech to text processing may also be supported in the post processor, using commercially available speech recognition software.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
  • Management Or Editing Of Information On Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Multi Processors (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de média pour le traitement de plusieurs articles de média dans un système de production de média, par exemple pour extraire des images-clés, détecter des changements de scène ou fournir un mandataire avec une autre résolution. Les tâches de traitement sont définies pour chaque article de média et sont stockées dans une file d'attente. Les tâches de traitement sont ensuite transférées de la file d'attente, pour être traitées par un réseau parallèle de processeurs de média. La file d'attente peut être gérée en fonction de valeurs de priorité attribuées aux tâches, et les tâches de traitement peuvent être définies automatiquement pour les articles de médian entrants en fonction de règles de tâches prédéterminées.
PCT/GB2004/001468 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Processeur de media WO2004088663A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US46064903P 2003-04-04 2003-04-04
US60/460,649 2003-04-04

Publications (2)

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WO2004088663A2 true WO2004088663A2 (fr) 2004-10-14
WO2004088663A3 WO2004088663A3 (fr) 2004-12-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2004/001481 WO2004088887A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Systeme et procede de gestion multimedia
PCT/GB2004/001506 WO2004088990A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Commande de stockage de contenu multimedia
PCT/GB2004/001505 WO2004088553A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Procede et appareil permettant de commander dynamiquement un systeme de production de contenu multimedia diffuse
PCT/GB2004/001492 WO2004088984A1 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Systeme et procede de stockage et de recherche de donnees video avec conversion de la resolution
PCT/US2004/010766 WO2004090677A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Systeme et procede de traitement de contenu multimedia
PCT/GB2004/001468 WO2004088663A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Processeur de media
PCT/GB2004/001493 WO2004088664A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Systeme et procede de gestion de multimedia

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PCT/GB2004/001481 WO2004088887A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Systeme et procede de gestion multimedia
PCT/GB2004/001506 WO2004088990A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Commande de stockage de contenu multimedia
PCT/GB2004/001505 WO2004088553A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Procede et appareil permettant de commander dynamiquement un systeme de production de contenu multimedia diffuse
PCT/GB2004/001492 WO2004088984A1 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Systeme et procede de stockage et de recherche de donnees video avec conversion de la resolution
PCT/US2004/010766 WO2004090677A2 (fr) 2003-04-04 2004-04-05 Systeme et procede de traitement de contenu multimedia

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WO2004088663A3 (fr) 2004-12-02
WO2004088664A2 (fr) 2004-10-14
WO2004090677A9 (fr) 2005-03-31
WO2004088887A2 (fr) 2004-10-14
WO2004088984A1 (fr) 2004-10-14
WO2004088553A2 (fr) 2004-10-14
WO2004088664A3 (fr) 2005-03-17
WO2004088887A3 (fr) 2005-06-30
WO2004090677A3 (fr) 2007-05-10

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