WO2004082222A1 - Procede de communication ayant la fonction de partage de charge de reseau - Google Patents
Procede de communication ayant la fonction de partage de charge de reseau Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004082222A1 WO2004082222A1 PCT/CN2004/000192 CN2004000192W WO2004082222A1 WO 2004082222 A1 WO2004082222 A1 WO 2004082222A1 CN 2004000192 W CN2004000192 W CN 2004000192W WO 2004082222 A1 WO2004082222 A1 WO 2004082222A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
- H04L47/125—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by balancing the load, e.g. traffic engineering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to network communication technologies, and in particular, to a network communication method with a network load sharing function. Background of the invention
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a typical network communication system.
- the system consists of a local area network, a wide area network, and a gateway for connecting the local area network and the wide area network.
- Hosts in the LAN can access the WAN through multiple gateways.
- the gateway used by the host in the local area network fails, it needs to be able to communicate with the wide area network through other gateways. Therefore, the load sharing and backup functions of the gateway are required for the communication system.
- a virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) technology is usually used to provide a backup function for the gateway.
- This technology is defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 2338. It proposes a redundant backup scheme for LAN hosts accessing the WAN through multiple gateways.
- the main content of this solution is: Set the gateway address for the host in the LAN as the virtual IP address of the gateway.
- These egress gateways can be divided into the active gateway and the standby gateway.
- the active gateway is responsible for providing packet forwarding services for the hosts in the LAN. When the host sends data packets through the active gateway, if the active gateway fails, the host can send data through the standby gateway.
- the switching between the active gateway and the standby gateway is irrelevant to the operation of the host.
- the host may not know that multiple gateways exist and it does not need to know whether a gateway switching has occurred. For the host, as long as there is a gateway to provide it with the correct service.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of data transmission and gateway switching using VRRP technology in the prior art.
- the gateway address of each host points to the virtual IP address of VRRP.
- the gateway address of each host in FIG. 2 points to the virtual IP address 10.1.1.3.
- the host performs address resolution through the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), that is, the correspondence between the IP address and the media access control (MAC) address is obtained.
- ARP Address Resolution Protocol
- MAC media access control
- the gateway IP needs to be resolved first.
- This gateway IP is the virtual IP of the VRRP backup group.
- the active gateway will respond with a virtual MAC address. Then, the host sends data to the active gateway through the virtual MAC address.
- the active gateway receives the data whose destination MAC is its virtual MAC address and forwards it.
- the gateway sends data to the host, if there is no MAC address of the host, the active gateway sends an ARP request to the host to obtain the MAC address of the host, and then sends the data to the host.
- the active gateway works normally, it also periodically sends VRRP protocol packets to the standby gateway to enable the standby gateway to monitor the status of the active gateway.
- the standby gateway continuously loses the specified number of VRRP protocol packets sent from the active gateway, the standby gateway determines that the active gateway has failed and automatically takes over the active gateway to provide services, thus completing the active and standby gateways. Switch between.
- the VRRP method is to provide multiple VRRP backup groups. The main gateway of each VRRP backup group is different.
- the network communication system is equipped with two backup groups, namely VRRP backup group 1, where gateway 1 is the primary and gateway 2 is the backup; and the VRRP backup group. 2, where gateway 2 is active and gateway 1 is standby.
- the virtual IP address and virtual MAC address of each backup group are different.
- the gateways of some hosts are set to the virtual IP address of VR P backup group 1, and the gateways of some hosts are set to the virtual IP address of VRRP backup group 2.
- the two hosts mentioned above use the virtual IP addresses of different VRRP backup groups as gateway IP addresses, respectively, and implement the statistical average load sharing function.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a network communication method with a network load sharing function, which can not only implement the load sharing and redundant backup functions of the gateway, but also solve the problem that the host needs to configure multiple gateway addresses.
- a network communication method with a network load sharing function is applied to a communication network including a wide area network, one or more local area network hosts, and at least one gateway for connecting the wide area network and the local area network host.
- the gateway is divided into an active gateway and a backup.
- the key point of the gateway is to configure all gateways to have the same virtual IP address and different virtual MAC addresses, and configure the virtual IP address of the gateway as the gateway address of each local area network host.
- the method further includes:
- the method further includes: the primary gateway and the standby gateway sending each other at a predetermined time interval for monitoring mutual status And determine whether a specified number of HELLO messages have not been continuously received from a gateway, and if so, determine that the corresponding gateway is invalid; otherwise, the corresponding gateway is valid.
- the method further includes: judging the currently disabled gateway as the active gateway or the standby gateway; if it is the standby gateway, the active gateway determines another gateway that replaces the currently disabled standby gateway; if it is the active gateway, it is discovered by the current gateway The standby gateway with the failed active gateway determines the new active gateway, and then the determined new active gateway determines another gateway that takes over the host traffic handled by the currently failed active gateway.
- the method further includes: setting a detection time for the failed gateway, the detection time being longer than a time interval at which the failed gateway sends a HELLO message; and judging whether a specified number of consecutive failures are received from the failure within the set detection time. If it is a HELLO packet sent by the gateway, it is determined that the failed gateway is restored to normal, otherwise, it is determined that the failed gateway is not restored to normal. If it is determined that the detected failed gateway has not returned to normal, the method further includes: extending the set detection time; judging whether a specified number of HELLO packets sent from the failed gateway are continuously received within the set detection time, if If yes, then it is determined that the failed gateway is restored to normal, and the set detection time is restored to the initially set detection time.
- the method further includes: after the LAN host goes offline, the gateway that provides service to the offline LAN host carries information on the number of currently processed hosts in the HELLO message to notify other gateways; the active gateway receives the HELLO report After the information is written, the allocation of each gateway host is adjusted according to the offline status of the LAN host.
- the method further includes:
- the newly added gateway sends a HELLO message to other gateways in the local area network; b. After the other gateway correctly detects the newly added gateway, the other gateway updates its related state accordingly;
- the active gateway After receiving the specified number of HELLO packets from the newly added gateway, the active gateway starts to perform service scheduling on the newly added gateway.
- determining the gateway providing services for the requesting LAN host as described in step 2) is performed by the active gateway or a control unit provided in the LAN.
- the response in step 2) is performed by the active gateway, the gateway determined to provide a service, other gateways in the local area network, or the control unit in the local area network.
- the gateway providing the service is assigned to the same gateway service according to the egress bandwidth of the gateway, or hosts having the same characteristics, or the bandwidth load of the egress bandwidth load or the LAN entrance bandwidth load, or the method of equally distributing the hosts according to each gateway, or It is determined based on the gateway specified by the specified host through static configuration, or any combination of the above conditions.
- the active gateway and the standby gateway are determined according to a device priority and a device ID of the gateway.
- the method further includes: when the priority of the gateway changes, the active gateway and the standby gateway are switched by using a preemptive method or a non-preemptive method.
- the preemptive method refers to: when a condition that the primary gateway reselects a condition is met, the primary gateway is reselected;
- the non-preemptive method refers to: The primary gateway is reselected only when the primary gateway fails or it is manually required to be reselected.
- the network communication method with network load sharing function can simply provide load sharing and redundant backup functions for data transmission between hosts on a local area network through multiple gateways and a wide area network.
- the implementation is transparent to the hosts in the LAN.
- the hosts in the LAN can fully enjoy the benefits brought by load sharing and redundant backup without any special configuration.
- the invention makes full use of the bandwidth of the WAN link and the processing capability of the egress gateway.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram of a typical network communication system
- FIG. 2 is a principle diagram of data transmission and gateway switching using VRRP technology in the prior art
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of network load sharing using VRRP technology in the prior art
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of each gateway sending a HELLO message in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the concepts of the active gateway and the standby gateway are substantially different from the concepts of the prior art. This is because in the prior art, the active gateway provides services to the hosts in the local area network, while the standby gateway is idle. In the present invention, the difference between the active gateway and the standby gateway is only that the active gateway has a control function and the standby gateway does not, but both the active gateway and the standby gateway provide services to the active host. This will be reflected in the following description of the embodiments of the present invention.
- the gateway address of the host is the virtual IP address of the gateway.
- the IP address is 10.1.1.2, the virtual IP address is 10.1.1.3, the MAC address is 00.00.00.00.00.02, and the virtual MAC address B is 00.00.00.00.00.04; then, the gateway IP address of the host is set to 10.1.1.3.
- the host forwards data packets through two gateways, gateway 1 and gateway 2.
- Gateway 1 receives all the destination MAC addresses as its own virtual MAC address A, that is, 00.00.00.00.00.03
- gateway 2 is responsible for Receive and process all destination MAC addresses as its own virtual MAC address B, that is: 00.00.00.00.00.04 Message. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the packet of host A is processed by gateway 1, and the packet of host B is processed by gateway 2.
- gateway address of host B is the virtual IP address of the gateway in this example
- the master gateway 1 determines which gateway will serve host B according to the current status of each gateway by using the designation
- the virtual MAC address corresponding to the gateway responds to the ARP request from host B.
- the response can be the primary gateway or other gateways, and it is preferred to use the gateway designated as the host service to respond. In this way, it is possible to control the access gateway of host B to access the WAN, and to achieve load balancing.
- At least one of the following conditions Allocate hosts according to the egress bandwidth ratio, or assign a group of hosts with the same characteristics, such as servers, to the same gateway service, or evenly distribute the hosts to each gateway, or load the egress interface bandwidth. Or the bandwidth load of the LAN interface can be flexibly allocated. In this way, the data sharing problem of the LAN host accessing the WAN can be solved. On the other hand, this technology is transparent to the host and can flexibly schedule which gateway to serve which host according to conditions.
- the master gateway 1 judges that host B should be provided by gateway 2 according to the conditions, and then uses the virtual MAC address B: 00.00.00.00.00.04 to respond.
- the answering gateway can be the master gateway or the master gateway notifies the gateway 2 to respond. It is even possible for the active gateway to notify other gateways of the response, so that host B will encapsulate the destination MAC of the packet into a virtual MAC address B: 00.00.00.00.00.04 and send it. Gateway 2 receives this message and forwards it.
- host A wants to send data to the WAN, it must also send an ARP request first.
- the primary gateway 1 decides that it should provide service for host A according to the conditions, it will reply to this ARP with the virtual MAC address A: 00.00.00.00.00.03, so that host 1 will send the destination MAC address of the packet. Both are encapsulated and sent as virtual MAC address A: 00.00.00.00.00.03, so that the primary gateway 1 receives this message and forwards it.
- the hosts of the local area network have the same gateway IP address, but the data that actually accesses the wide area network may pass through different gateways.
- the fundamental reason is that according to the solution of the present invention, different Ethernet hardware addresses, that is, MAC addresses, can be provided for the same virtual gateway IP address configured by the LAN host, and these MAC addresses correspond to different gateways. Based on this, the load sharing scheme transparent to the local area network host of the present invention is formed.
- the gateway When the data sent by the WAN to the host A of the LAN reaches the gateway, whether the gateway is the active gateway or the standby gateway, if the gateway does not have the MAC address of the host A, the gateway sends an ARP request to the LAN.
- the source IP of the ARP request message uses the gateway's own IP address, such as gateway 1, and is carried in the source IP field in the ARP request message: 10.1.1.1.
- host A When host A receives the ARP request packet, it will use its own MAC address to make an Ethernet encapsulation for this request, and then send it to host eight.
- the active gateway and the standby gateway simultaneously perform the forwarding work.
- the active gateway completes traffic scheduling by assigning different gateways to the host.
- each gateway needs to be monitored.
- the monitoring of each gateway including the active gateway and the standby gateway is mutual. This monitoring is achieved by sending HELLO messages to each other, where the HELLO messages are used as monitoring messages.
- a HELLO message is a communication message between devices. The message is usually sent using multicast to ensure that each gateway can receive and process. Its main function is to enable other gateways to monitor the working status of the sender of the HELLO message, that is, monitoring Whether it works normally; enable other gateways to understand the current status information of the sender of the HELLO packet, such as link occupancy.
- the HELLO message may include: device priority, virtual The IP address, the gateway device ID, the gateway device ID, and the virtual MAC address that the gateway handles, the available bandwidth of the egress link, the link occupancy, the authentication type, the authentication key, the HELLO message time interval, the message checksum, and so on.
- This HELLO message is usually sent using multicast to ensure that each gateway can receive and process it.
- the priority is used to determine which gateway is the active gateway.
- the gateway address is provided in the network.
- the virtual MAC address and the device ID together indicate which gateway should handle which virtual MAC address or virtual MAC addresses.
- the link occupancy and available bandwidth of the egress link provide the basis for host scheduling for the active gateway.
- the authentication type and certificate are used for security reasons to ensure that each gateway is a valid gateway.
- This HELLO message of the gateway will send a HELLO message to the outside according to the time interval information carried in the HELLO message, and other gateways will receive such HELLO messages from other gateways To determine if other gateways are working properly. When other gateways cannot continuously receive the specified number of HELLO packets from a gateway, it is judged that the gateway is faulty.
- Figure 5 shows the situation where such HELLO messages are sent between gateways. As shown in Figure 5, each gateway in the LAN sends HELLO packets to other gateways in the LAN. For example, gateway 1 sends HELLO packets to gateways 2 and 3, gateway 2 sends HELLO packets to gateways 1 and 3, and so on.
- the active gateway will decide which gateway should take over the virtual MAC address of the failed standby gateway according to certain conditions, that is, the host that originally provided services through this failed gateway needs to be adjusted to work normally Services on your gateway.
- the conditions may include: the current link usage of each gateway, the number of hosts served by each gateway, and the user-specified configuration.
- a message type is specified in the HELLO message. This type of message contains the following fields: HELLO message version number, HELLO message type, sending gateway device ID, device priority, virtual IP, and gateway device ID.
- the gateway processes fields such as the virtual MAC table, available bandwidth of the egress link, link occupancy, authentication type, authentication word, HELLO message interval, and message checksum.
- the active gateway notifies the gateway that takes over the failed gateway through the specified gateway device ID and the virtual MAC address table processed by the gateway device to take over the services of the failed gateway.
- the sender protocol address in the ARP request packet can be the gateway. IP address, but it cannot be a virtual IP address.
- the target protocol address in the ARP request message is also the IP address of the gateway.
- the source MAC address in the Ethernet encapsulation of the ARP request message is the virtual MAC address of the failed gateway.
- the designated gateway simultaneously opens a packet receiving process for the virtual MAC address of the failed gateway.
- the standby gateway that first detects the failure of the active gateway will send a signal to re-elect the active gateway. This can be achieved by sending a type of HELLO message. After the new active gateway is determined, the new active gateway will issue an instruction on which gateway the failed gateway should take over. The subsequent operations can be the same as the standby gateway failure processing method described above. The above operation completes the switchover of the failed gateway.
- the standby gateway should immediately send a HELLO message.
- the type of this message is the type of the message used to elect the primary gateway, and may include the following fields: HELLO message version number, HELLO message type, sending gateway device ID, device priority, virtual IP, gateway device ID, and the gateway processing Fields such as the virtual MAC table, available bandwidth of the egress link, link occupancy, authentication type, authentication word, HELLO message interval, and message checksum.
- standby gateways receive HELLO packets of this type to elect the active gateway, and send election messages.
- the primary gateway type is used to re-elect the primary gateway. For example, the gateway 2 in FIG. 4 becomes the active gateway at this time. Then, the active gateway determines who will take over the traffic of those hosts handled by the original active gateway according to the policy.
- the active gateway is determined according to the priority of the gateway device. For example, suppose that there are three gateways in a local area network, and their device priorities are 100, 80, and 60, and the larger the device priority value, the higher the device priority. Of course, the opposite setting can also be adopted. At the same time, in this example, it is assumed that the conditions for electing the active gateway are: the gateway with the highest device priority is the active gateway. If the device priorities are the same, the gateway device ID is compared. In this way, when the gateway sends its own HELLO message through multicast, this message is marked as an election HELLO message. Each gateway device compares according to the HELLO message received by itself to determine the active gateway. In this example, gateway 1 will be the active gateway. This election type HELLO message between devices can include the following fields:
- HELLO message version number HELLO message type
- sending gateway device ID device priority virtual IP gateway device ID and virtual gateway table that the gateway processes, available bandwidth of the egress link, link occupation, authentication type, authentication word, HELLO Message time interval, message checksum and other fields.
- the selection of the serving gateway of the host by the active gateway is explained in more detail below.
- the active gateway decides which virtual MAC to use to respond to the ARP request of each host according to a certain policy.
- This strategy may include: 1) statically designating specific hosts to go through specific gateway services; 2) performing average rotation allocation, each gateway serving N / M hosts, where N is the number of hosts in the network and M is the number of gateways; 3 ) Scheduling according to the total available bandwidth of the static exit; 4) Dynamically adjusting according to the exit bandwidth occupation; 5) Scheduling according to the Ethernet entrance bandwidth occupation.
- the gateway can detect this situation through the ARP aging mechanism.
- the gateway will use the information about the number of hosts processed in the HELLO message, so that other gateways can understand the number of hosts that each gateway is currently responsible for processing. In order to adjust the host allocation according to this situation, the active gateway.
- the preemptive method when the priority of the gateway device in the communication system changes, it may lead to the forced switching of the active gateway.
- the condition for forced switching to occur is that as long as the priority of a device in the gateway is higher than the priority of the current active gateway, the active gateway must be re-elected.
- the conditions for the gateway priority to change usually include when the device priority of the gateway is related to the available bandwidth at the exit, when the priority of the gateway device is reassigned manually, or when the failed primary gateway is restored, etc. It may lead to the switch of the active gateway. At this time, the gateway that needs to be the new active gateway will send a HELLO message for re-election of the active gateway type, so that each gateway starts to reselect the active gateway.
- the active gateway will not be forcibly occupied until the next active gateway election occurs. At this time, the standby state of each gateway remains stable. Instead of sending a HELLO message of re-election of the active gateway type to re-elect the active gateway because of the change in priority, it waits until the next time the active gateway is re-elected.
- a forced or non-forced handover process may be used. No matter which of the above methods is used, the active gateway will return the virtual MAC previously processed by the failed gateway to the restored failed gateway for processing.
- a detection time is set for the failed gateway.
- the detection time refers to the time taken for the failed gateway to recover after a specified number of consecutive monitoring packets are normally detected. The detection time is longer than the interval for sending network HELLO packets from the failed gateway.
- the detection time of the failed gateway is lengthened. By lengthening the detection time of the failed gateway, the instability of the once failed gateway can be prevented from affecting the system communication. Whenever an unstable situation occurs, The detection time is extended accordingly, so that the instability of the failed gateway has the least impact on the network.
- the case of newly joining the gateway is also considered.
- the newly joined gateway first sends a HELLO message, and declares the joining of the new gateway to other gateways in the network. Other gateways update their related status accordingly.
- the newly added gateway also receives HELLO packets from other gateways, and updates its related status.
- the active gateway starts to perform service scheduling on the newly added gateway after continuously receiving a specified number of HELLO packets.
- the process of the active gateway detecting whether a newly added gateway can schedule services is basically the same as the process of detecting the restoration of a failed gateway.
- control unit may also be configured separately in the local area network, for example, on a server. This control unit takes over the active gateway to select the gateway that provides services to the host.
- control unit can also control the monitoring and switching operations of the active gateway and the standby gateway in the local area network.
- the ARP-capable device in the local area network can be designated by the control unit to respond to the host's ARP request with the virtual MAC address of the designated service gateway. It is not limited to being answered by a designated serving gateway.
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CN031197582A CN100407671C (zh) | 2003-03-11 | 2003-03-11 | 实现网络负载分担功能的网络通信方法 |
CN03119758.2 | 2003-03-11 |
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CN104811375A (zh) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-07-29 | 三星电子(中国)研发中心 | 智能家居网关及其组网方法 |
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