WO2004082027A1 - 原子デバイス - Google Patents
原子デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004082027A1 WO2004082027A1 PCT/JP2004/003343 JP2004003343W WO2004082027A1 WO 2004082027 A1 WO2004082027 A1 WO 2004082027A1 JP 2004003343 W JP2004003343 W JP 2004003343W WO 2004082027 A1 WO2004082027 A1 WO 2004082027A1
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical group [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000960 laser cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010584 magnetic trap Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010083687 Ion Pumps Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/788—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate with floating gate
- H01L29/7888—Transistors programmable by two single electrons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/006—Manipulation of neutral particles by using radiation pressure, e.g. optical levitation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an atomic device that uses a neutral atom or neutral molecule trapped on a substrate.
- a magnetic field minimum point is generated at a desired position by combining a magnetic field generated by a current conducting wire on the substrate and a bias magnetic field from the outside.
- the atom having antiparallel magnetic moments / z B in a magnetic field because the Zeeman potential becomes minimum at the minimum point of the magnetic field, it is possible to trap atoms with the minimum point as trap position.
- atomic control principle there have been experiments on atom guides based on magnetic fields created by conducting wires on a substrate, branching circuits of atoms using Y-shaped wires, and experiments on the formation of pause condensates on a substrate. Is being done.
- these studies have been carried out using the magnetic field control of the electron spin of laser-cooled alkali atoms.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an atomic device capable of easily integrating an atomic circuit and reducing the influence of disturbance and the like is provided.
- the purpose is to provide.
- an atomic device is an atomic device using a neutral atom or a neutral particle that is a neutral molecule, comprising: A first electrode pair provided at a position on the substrate sandwiching the trap position along a first axis passing through the trap position with respect to a trap position set at a predetermined position on the plate, and (2) passing through the trap position. A second electrode pair provided at a position on the substrate that sandwiches the trap position along a second axis that forms a predetermined angle with the first axis. (3) One of the electrodes forming the first electrode pair has a reference potential. A first state in which the other electrode is set to a positive potential and the other electrode is set to a negative potential when viewed from the reference potential. It is characterized in that neutral particles are trapped at the trapping position by alternately switching between the two states.
- neutral atoms or neutral molecules are controlled by using Stark interaction by an electric field instead of Zeeman interaction by a magnetic field. That is, an electric field E (r) is applied to neutral particles having polarizability ⁇ , and the potential due to Stark interaction in the electric field of the particles is obtained.
- the structure and the atom control method since a voltage is applied to the electrode on the substrate to control the particles, only a power loss due to the switching of the electric field occurs, and an ohmic loss occurs. , And the resulting heat generation are avoided. Therefore, integration of the atomic circuit on the substrate becomes easy. In a configuration in which atoms are controlled using an electric field, electric field interference between atomic circuits can be easily avoided by providing a duland surface on the substrate. These effects allow the atomic device to be highly integrated in atomic circuits.
- the particles are controlled using the second-order effect of the electric field.
- the coupling of the particles to the environment and disturbance is suppressed. Therefore, an atomic device strong against decoherence is realized.
- the two electrodes forming the second electrode pair are set to the reference potential.
- the neutral particles trapped on the substrate and used are preferably neutral atoms or molecules having no spin. In such particles, a long coherence time can be expected for the quantum state. This is advantageous in terms of expandability of the atomic circuit.
- an electrode interval in an electrode group including a first electrode pair and a second electrode pair is 10 ⁇ or less.
- a substrate for forming an atomic device a semiconductor substrate on which an electronic device or an optical device is formed is preferably used. If a substrate on which an electronic device is formed is used, an interface between the electronics technology and the information processing technology using neutral particles can be realized by using a combination of electrons and atomic devices. In addition, if a substrate on which an optical device is formed is used, an interface between photonitas technology and information processing technology using neutral particles can be realized by combining and using light and atomic devices.
- the substrate it is preferable to use a transparent substrate that transmits light of a predetermined wavelength. If a transparent substrate is used, the atomic device and other optical devices can be connected to each other via the substrate to use photonics technology and neutral particles. V. It is possible to realize an interface with information processing technology.
- the atomic device sets a plurality of trap positions on the substrate, and provides an electrode group including a first electrode pair and a second electrode pair for each of the plurality of trap positions. Switching of the potential of each of the electrodes included in the plurality of electrode groups preferably causes the trapping of neutral particles to the trap position and the movement of neutral particles between adjacent trap positions.
- atomic device for example, neutral particles to which information is added are used, and a plurality of electrode groups are sequentially moved between adjacent trap positions.
- an atomic shift register transfers information by moving.
- at least two neutral particles to which information is assigned are used, and a plurality of electrode groups are installed so that a quantum correlation can be assigned to the two neutral particles.
- various configurations other than the above are possible.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of an embodiment of an atomic device.
- FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are diagrams for explaining a method of trapping a neutral atom in the atomic device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a method for cooling neutral atoms for trapping neutral atoms in the atomic device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the correlation between the electrode spacing and the confinement frequency.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the stability of neutral atoms when the drive frequency and the initial position are changed.
- Figure 6 shows the stability of neutral atoms when the initial velocity and initial position were changed. It is a graph shown about.
- FIG. 7 is a side view showing optical control of neutral atoms in the atomic device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a method for moving neutral atoms in an atomic device.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a configuration of another embodiment of the atomic device.
- FIG. 10 is an energy level diagram of a strontium atom.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are diagrams showing the provision of a quantum correlation to two strontium atoms.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view showing the configuration of another embodiment of the atomic device.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of an embodiment of the atomic device according to the present invention.
- the present atomic device is an atomic substrate (atom chip) using neutral particles trapped on the substrate, and includes a substrate 1 and an electrode pattern 2.
- a neutral atom is mainly used will be described.
- a neutral atom or a neutral molecule can be used as the neutral particle.
- coordinate axes including x, y, and z axes are defined and used as follows for convenience of description. That is, an axis perpendicular to the substrate 1 is orthogonal to the z-axis and z-axis, and one diagonal axis of the substrate 1 is orthogonal to the X-axis (first axis), and orthogonal to the z-axis and the X-axis. The other diagonal axis is the y-axis (second axis).
- the predetermined position at the intersection of the X-axis and the y-axis, which is approximately at the center on the substrate 1, is It is set as the neutral atom trap position 30 in the vise.
- the substrate 1 is a substantially square substrate made of a predetermined material.
- An electrode pattern 2 made of a metal material such as silver is formed on the surface 10 of the substrate 1.
- the electrode pattern 2 has two electrode pairs, a first electrode pair 21 and a second electrode pair 26. At least a region on the surface 10 of the substrate 1 is kept in an ultra-high vacuum due to trapping of neutral atoms and the like.
- the first electrode pair 21 has a pair of electrodes 22 and 23. Each of these electrodes 22 and 23 is formed in a rectangular shape along the outer shape of the substrate 1, and the trap position
- the electrode 22 is arranged on the upper right side of the substrate 1 and the electrode 23 is arranged on the lower left side.
- the second electrode pair 26 has a pair of electrodes 27 and 28. These electrodes 27 and 28 are each formed in a rectangular shape along the outer shape of the substrate 1 and provided at positions on the substrate 1 sandwiching the trap position 30 along the y-axis passing through the trap position 30. ing. In FIG. 1, an electrode 27 is arranged on the lower right side of the substrate 1 and an electrode 28 is arranged on the upper left side. These electrodes 22, 23, 27, 28 are formed with a predetermined electrode spacing d and a thickness w.
- the two electrode pairs 21 and 26 described above constitute an electrode group used for trapping neutral atoms.
- the region on the substrate surface 10 sandwiched between the electrode pairs 21 and 26 is a trap region 3, and the center position is the neutral atom trap position 30.
- the potentials of the electrodes 22, 23, 27, 28 constituting the electrode pairs 21, 26 are alternately switched between the first state and the second state. As a result, a neutral atom is trapped at the trap position 30.
- the ground potential is set to the reference potential with respect to the potential at the atomic device, and two states are set to the potential of each electrode.
- the two electrodes 27 and 28 constituting the second electrode pair 26 are set to the ground potential G.
- the voltage + V is applied to one electrode 27 of the second electrode pair 26.
- a voltage of 1 V is applied to the other electrode 28. Is applied.
- the two electrodes 22 and 23 constituting the first electrode pair 21 are set to the ground potential G. In this atomic device, atoms are trapped at the trap position 30 by switching of these states.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a method of trapping a neutral atom in the atomic device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating coordinate axes including x, y, and z-axis forces, and voltages of respective electrodes.
- the electrodes 27 and 28 are set to the ground potential G, the electrode 22 is set to the positive potential +0 , and the electrode 23 is set to the negative potential.
- the applied voltage is switched from the first state to the second state.
- the electrodes 22 and 23 are set to the ground potential G, and the electrode 27 is set to the positive potential + V.
- the electrode 28 has a negative potential of 1V.
- the neutral atom in the first state, has a stable position at the center position in the y-axis direction, and tends to move in the direction approaching the electrodes 22 and 23 in the X-axis direction. I do.
- the neutral atom In the second state, the neutral atom has a stable position at the center position in the X-axis direction, and moves in a direction approaching the electrodes 27, 28 in the y-axis direction. Therefore, if the two states are switched at a higher frequency than the neutral atoms move to the electrode, the neutral atoms are trapped with a small movement near the trap position 30.
- the polarizability of the ground state and metastable state of the atom is ⁇ 0. Therefore, in order to trap neutral atoms on the substrate 1, it is necessary to create a maximum point of the electric field strength. However, from the Maxwell equation, such a maximum point cannot be created in free space. For this reason, in the atom control method using an electric field, atoms cannot be trapped by static control, and atom stabilization by dynamic control is required. On the other hand, in the above-described atomic device, two pairs of electrodes 21 and 26 are provided, and dynamic control for switching the applied voltage to them is performed. This makes it possible to generate a stable trap position 30 and trap neutral atoms.
- the electrodes 27 and 28 of the second electrode pair 26 in the first state and the electrodes 22 and 23 of the first electrode pair 21 in the second state are set.
- the potential to be applied is set to the ground potential, which is the reference potential, in order to favorably generate a stable point at the trap position 30.
- the neutral atom can be stabilized, a different potential is used. It is good.
- neutral particles trapped and used on the substrate 1 can be used as described above.
- neutral atoms having no spin are used.
- a neutral particle without spin can expect a long coherence time for its quantum state. This is advantageous in terms of the extensibility of the atomic circuit.
- neutral particles include, for example, alkaline earth atoms such as strontium (S r) atoms having two outermost electrons.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a method for cooling neutral atoms.
- the cooling of the neutral atoms and the trapping on the substrate 1 are all performed in an ultra-high vacuum.
- the cooling of the neutral atoms is performed using a magneto-optical trap (MOT: Magneto-Optical Trap) technique.
- MOT Magneto-Optical Trap
- anti-Helmholtz coils 41 and 42 are installed at positions sandwiching the neutral atom, and these coils 41 The cooled neutral atoms are trapped using a magnetic field or the like according to 42. Further, by moving the cooled neutral atoms to the trap position 30 by controlling the magnetic field or the like, the neutral atoms move to the Stark trap formed by the electrode pairs 21 and 26 formed on the substrate 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the correlation between the electrode spacing d (zm, horizontal axis) and the confinement frequency (rad Zs, vertical axis).
- the electrode pairs 21 and 26 Consider the Stark potential generated near the trap position 30 in the direction contributing to the confinement of neutral atoms (see Fig. 2B).
- the oscillation frequency obtained from the static shape of this potential is the confinement frequency of neutral atoms.
- V. 50V.
- this confinement frequency is the voltage V applied to the electrode.
- the voltage V necessary for confining neutral atoms is obtained by making the electrode structure macrostructured. Can be reduced.
- the electrode interval d be 10 / m or less.
- neutral atoms can be trapped at a voltage of about several 10 V as described above.
- the electrode spacing d is 3 ⁇ m or less, neutral atoms can be trapped at a voltage of several volts, which is widely used in integrated-port magic circuits.
- the microstructured structure of the electrode structure is also advantageous in miniaturizing and integrating the atomic device.
- Fig. 5 shows an example of the stability of neutral atoms when the drive frequency (kHz, horizontal axis), which is the frequency of the voltage applied to the electrodes, and the initial position ( ⁇ , left axis) are changed.
- the initial position indicates the distance from the trap position of the neutral atom in the initial state.
- the initial velocity of the neutral atom is 1 mm_ s
- the confinement frequency is 6 O k ra dZ s.
- the graph G1 shows the condition of the initial position where the neutral atom is stably trapped, and the region where the initial position is smaller than the graph (shown by hatching in the figure). Area) is the stable area.
- Area is the stable area.
- a stable region is obtained when the drive frequency is in the range of about 15.2-1.8.4 kHz.
- the driving frequency is about 17 kHz, the condition of the allowable initial position is widened, and it is the most stable.
- the correlation between the driving frequency and the secular frequency of neutral atom motion (kHz, right axis) is shown by graph G2.
- the secular frequency decreases as the drive frequency increases.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of the stability of neutral atoms when the initial velocity (mm / s, horizontal axis) and the initial position (m, left axis) are changed.
- the confinement frequency is 60 krad / s
- the driving frequency is 17 kHz.
- the initial velocity and initial position location corresponding to the temperature (Myukappa, upper shaft) and the atom density (cm one 3, right) also shows the About.
- the graph G 3 shows the conditions of the initial velocity and the initial position at which the neutral atoms are stably trapped.
- the region indicated by () is a stable region. As shown in this graph, by lowering the initial velocity by cooling the neutral atoms to a sufficiently low temperature, the condition of the allowable initial position becomes wider, and the neutral atoms can be trapped more easily.
- the neutral atoms trapped and used on the substrate 1 are emitted by irradiating the neutral atoms with light or detecting the light emitted from the neutral atoms. It can be controlled optically. Also, by using such an atom control technology, it is possible to realize an interface between an atomtronite using neutral atoms and a photon using photons.
- FIG. 7 is a side view showing optical control of neutral atoms in the atomic device shown in FIG.
- This is illustrated by a cross-section through the loop position 30.
- This atomic device uses a quartz substrate 1A, which is a transparent substrate that transmits light of a predetermined wavelength, as a substrate 1, and has a configuration in which a silver electrode pattern 2 shown in FIG. 1 is provided on the quartz substrate 1A. ing.
- the atomic device is placed in a vacuum vessel 50 whose inside is kept in an ultra-high vacuum, and a neutral atom A is trapped in a trap position 30 thereof.
- the quartz substrate 1A of the atomic device forms a part of the outer wall of the vacuum vessel 50 with the surface side on which the electrode pattern 2 is provided being inside.
- the quartz substrate 1A is an optical window that transmits light of a predetermined wavelength.
- an objective lens 52 is provided at a position close to the back surface of the quartz substrate 1A, and an optical device 53 is connected to the objective lens 52.
- the neutral atom A by the objective lens 52 having a working distance of about 1 mm is used.
- an optical resolution of about 400 nm can be expected, and this can be used to establish an atom-optical interface technology.
- a laser light source is applied as the optical device 53
- the internal state can be controlled by irradiating the atom A with laser light.
- a photodetector is applied as the optical device 53, the internal state can be detected by detecting the light emitted from the atom A.
- the above-mentioned atomic device composed of the quartz substrate 1A and the silver electrode pattern 2 is obtained by, for example, subjecting a commercially available silver mirror to a focused ion beam (FIB) process. It can be produced by With such a processing method, it is possible to fabricate an electrode structure in which the distance d between the electrodes is as small as about 100 nm. Further, the thickness w may be appropriately set, for example, to 100 nm or 200 nm according to the electrode distance d. Further, in the configuration shown in FIG. 7, a concave portion having a depth of about 10 ⁇ Hi is provided in the quartz substrate 1A in the trap region including the trap position 30. This is to prevent the trapped atoms from colliding with the substrate 1.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a method of moving neutral atoms trapped on a substrate in an atomic device.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration in which an electrode group including two electrode pairs 21 and 26 for trapping atoms A is provided on the substrate 1.
- the trapping of the atom A at the trap position can be achieved.
- a movement line L of a neutral atom A is virtually set on the surface 10 of the substrate 1. Then, with the moving line L interposed therebetween, an electrode row composed of electrodes 28 a, 28 b, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , 22 a, 22 b, ..., and electrodes 23 a, 23 b,
- Electrodes rows are provided.
- the basic configuration of an atomic device consisting of two pairs of electrodes is extended along the movement line L, enabling coherent transport of neutral atoms A and realizing various atomic circuits. can do.
- Such an electrode structure can be made, for example, using FIB processing, as described above with respect to FIG.
- the pair of electrodes 22a and 23a is used as a first electrode pair as shown by hatching in the figure.
- a first electrode group is formed by using a pair of electrodes 27 a and 28 a as a second electrode pair. By switching the applied voltage to each of these electrodes, the neutral atom A is trapped at the corresponding 1, lap position 31.
- the left electrode 23 a of the first electrode pair is switched to 23 b, and the pair of electrodes 22 a and 23 b is used as the first electrode pair, and the second electrode Switch the left electrode 28 a to 28 b in the pair, and use the pair of electrodes 27 a and 28 b as the second electrode pair, and the second electrode group shifted to the right from the first electrode group. Is composed.
- the switched electrodes 23 a and 28 a are set to the ground potential, and the applied voltage is switched for each electrode of the second electrode group to move to the corresponding trap position 32. Neutral atom A moves along line L and is trapped.
- Electrodes 22 b and 23 b are used as a first electrode pair, and electrodes 27 b and
- the set of 28b is used as a second electrode pair to form a third electrode group further shifted to the right. Then, the switched electrodes 22 a and 27 a are set to the ground potential, and the applied voltage is switched for each electrode of the third electrode group, so that the moving line L moves to the corresponding trap position 33. Neutral atom A moves along and is trapped. [0714] In the electrode structure shown in Fig. 8, the distance between adjacent trap positions (for example, between trap positions 31 and 32) depends on the wave function of neutral atom A before and after movement. It is preferable to set the width, interval, and the like of each electrode so that the distances overlap sufficiently. Thereby, the movement of the atom A between the trap positions can be suitably realized.
- Such an electrode structure can be used as an atomic guide that moves the neutral atoms A trapped on the substrate 1 in a macroscopic manner. If an atom to which information is added is used as the neutral atom A, the atom A can be used as an atom shift register for transferring information by sequentially moving the atom A between adjacent trap positions. Furthermore, it is possible to use two neutral atoms, each of which information has been added, as a trap on the substrate 1 to realize a “controlled collision” between those atoms and to add a quantum correlation. With such an electrode structure, it is possible to apply atomic devices to various fields such as quantum information processing and quantum computing.
- quantum bits which is an extension of the classic “bits”.
- a qubit has a feature that it can take a state of “0”, a state of “1”, and a superimposed state thereof.
- multiple qubits can be given a quantum correlation called “quantum entanglement”. If two qubits are in entangled state, they cannot take independent quantum states.
- the state control of neutral atom A corresponding to such a qubit or 2 It is possible to realize quantum correlation control of two neutral atoms A corresponding to the entanglement of qubits.
- a configuration example of such an atomic device will be described.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the configuration of another embodiment of the atomic device.
- the present atomic device uses a quartz substrate 1B, which is a transparent substrate that transmits light of a predetermined wavelength, as a substrate 1, and has a configuration in which an electrode pattern 2 is provided on the quartz substrate 1B.
- a first movement line L1 extending in the horizontal direction in the figure is set for the neutral atom A trapped or moved on the substrate 1B. Further, a branch point P at which the moving line branches is provided substantially at the center of the first moving line L1, and a second moving line L2 extending from this branch point P in a direction orthogonal to the first moving line L1 is provided. Is set.
- the electrode pattern 2 is configured so that the neutral atoms A can be sequentially moved along these movement lines L1, L2. [0790] Specifically, an electrode pattern serving as an atom guide portion 61 is formed on a portion on the left side of the branch point P in the first movement line L1. Further, an electrode pattern serving as the atom shift register section 62 is formed on the right side of the branch point P in the first movement line L1.
- an electrode pattern serving as the FIFO memory section 63 is formed on a portion of the second moving line L2 opposite to the branch point P. Further, an electrode pattern serving as an atom collision portion 64 is formed on a portion on the branch point P side of the second movement line L2.
- the basic structure of the electrode pattern in each of these parts 61 to 64, and the method of trapping and moving neutral atoms A using the electrode structure are the same as those shown in FIG. .
- a cryogenically cooled neutral atom A is supplied from an atom source (not shown) to the atom guide section 61, and is located at the left end of the atom guide section 61.
- Atomic A is trapped at the trap position corresponding to the electrode group consisting of two electrode pairs.
- the atoms A move toward the branch point P by sequentially operating the plurality of electrode groups arranged along the first movement line L1.
- an objective lens and an optical device are installed via a quartz substrate 1B with respect to the branch point P.
- the internal state can be controlled or the internal state can be detected with a resolution of about 400 nm. This corresponds to writing or reading qubits.
- an atom shift register (atom memory) 62 for transferring information is configured.
- another neutral atom B can be appropriately stored in the FIFO memory unit 63.
- the electrode width and interval are set smaller than those of the other sections 61 to 63. In such a configuration, the atom A whose qubit control was performed at the branch point P and the atom B stored in the FIF ⁇
- the atomic device according to the present invention is characterized by its wide extensibility. By combining single atom operations by an electrode group consisting of two pairs of electrodes, which is a basic unit, various atomic devices can be obtained. It is possible to fabricate circuits.
- an information processing system with a size of several centimeters can be constructed even when combined with a cryogenic atomic source.
- a vacuum container 50 that maintains an ultra-high vacuum.
- a vacuum chamber to which a vacuum pump is connected can be used.
- a package similar to that of a semiconductor device to which an atom source of about several centimeters square and a small ion pump are added may be used.
- the transparent substrate itself is an optical window that can access the atom A from below. Can be used. Further, another optical window may be provided below the transparent substrate. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, an optical window 55 capable of accessing the atom A from above the substrate may be provided. When the upper optical window is used, a substrate that does not transmit light may be used.
- control of each electrode of the electrode pattern 2 can be performed using, for example, a CMOS gate gate circuit formed on the same chip, a gate circuit on another chip arranged in parallel, and the like.
- FIG. 10 is an energy level diagram of Sr.
- S r is two electrons of the outermost shell is in the 5 s 2 state 1 S.
- the state is the ground state, and as its excited state, as shown in FIG. 10, the energy is 3 P in ascending order.
- 3 P of these excited states Let the state be the state I 0> of quantum bit 0, and let the state of 3 P 2 be the state I 1> of quantum bit 1.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are diagrams showing the assignment of a quantum correlation to two Sr atoms. Also, here, two Sr atoms that are close to each other in the atom collision region set on the substrate of the atomic device On the other hand, it is assumed that light having a wavelength shifted by a predetermined shift amount ⁇ ; (2923 + ⁇ ) nm is irradiated.
- Figure 11A shows one of the two Sr atoms in the I0> state and the other in the Sr atom.
- FIG. 4 is a level diagram illustrating a case where the I 1> state is established.
- 1 iota> for one S r atoms in the state can be a transition to the 3 D 3 state with light having a wavelength of 2 9 2 3 nm, such be irradiated with light above Symbol wavelength No state transition occurs. Therefore, there is no quantum correlation between the two S r atoms.
- FIG. 11B is a level diagram showing a case where both of the two Sr atoms are in the I1> state.
- the resonance dipole interaction between the two S r atoms in I 1> state the lower the energy level of 3 D 3 state. More this, two S r atoms in I 1> I 1> state, transition to the 3 D 3 state by light having a wavelength (2 9 2 3 + ⁇ ) nm, between these S r atoms
- a C PHASE gate using S r atoms can be realized by c or more, which is given a quantum correlation to.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view showing the configuration of another embodiment of the atomic device.
- the present atomic device uses a silicon (Si) substrate 1C, which is a semiconductor substrate, as a substrate 1, and has a configuration in which an electrode pattern 2 is provided on the Si substrate 1C.
- Si silicon
- the configuration of the electrode pattern 2 having the atom guide section 61, the atom shift register section 62, the FIFO memory section 63, and the atom collision section 64 is the same as the configuration shown in FIG.
- the atomic device of this embodiment is an atomic “optical” electronic integrated circuit (A OE IC: Atom—) formed by integrating an atomic device, an optical device, and an electronic device on a Si substrate 1C. Opto— Electronic IC).
- a OE IC Atom—
- the laser diode 12 is formed at a position in the Si substrate 1C close to the branch point P of the moving lines L1 and L2. I have. Further, a photodiode 13 and a laser diode 14 are further formed at a position in the Si substrate 1C on the first movement line L1 on the right side of the branch point P.
- These optical devices are used for writing and reading quantum bits to neutral atoms A trapped on the substrate 1C. If the substrate 1C on which the optical device is formed is used, an interface between the photonic technology and the information processing technology using the neutral atom A can be realized by combining the optical and atomic devices. ;
- An electronic device such as a CMOS logic gate circuit for controlling voltage application to each electrode constituting the electrode pattern 2 is formed at a predetermined portion in the Si substrate 1C. Have been.
- the electronic device units 11 provided on the left and right sides of the FIFO memory unit 63 are schematically shown.
- the atomic device according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible.
- the neutral particles trapped on the substrate and used the force exemplified by the Sr atom can be used.
- various neutral atoms or neutral molecules can be used.
- the atomic device according to the present invention can be used as an atomic device capable of easily integrating an atomic circuit and reducing the influence of disturbance and the like.
- the neutral particle trapping position is set on the substrate, two pairs of electrodes sandwiching the trapping position are provided, and the voltage applied to each electrode is switched by the dynamic control that alternately switches between the two states.
- Sex particles trap According to the configuration for generating a stable point, generation of an ohmic loss and heat generation due to the ohmic loss are avoided, so that the atomic circuits can be easily integrated on the substrate.
- electric field interference between atomic circuits can be easily avoided by providing a ground plane on the substrate.
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Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/548,903 US7459673B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-12 | Atomic device |
EP04720187A EP1603167A4 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-12 | ATOMIC DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2003-068764 | 2003-03-13 | ||
JP2003068764A JP4374444B2 (ja) | 2003-03-13 | 2003-03-13 | 原子デバイス |
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WO2004082027A1 true WO2004082027A1 (ja) | 2004-09-23 |
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PCT/JP2004/003343 WO2004082027A1 (ja) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-12 | 原子デバイス |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US7459673B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1603167A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4374444B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100452425C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004082027A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (14)
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EP1848405A2 (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2007-10-31 | Ben Gurion University of the Negev Research and Development Autority | Atomchip device |
JP4766420B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-31 | 2011-09-07 | 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 | 中性原子の磁気光学トラップ装置 |
US7769173B2 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2010-08-03 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Methods and systems for executing bit-commitment protocols that are based on entangled quantum states and a third party |
FR2913834B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-12 | 2014-04-04 | Quantic Comm E | Produit,procede et appareillage pour communiquer a distance en utilisant des materiaux chromogeniques |
US7709807B2 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2010-05-04 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce, The National Institute Of Standards And Technology | Magneto-optical trap ion source |
US8080778B2 (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2011-12-20 | Sri International | Channel cell system |
EP2104406B1 (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2015-08-12 | Ixblue | Guided coherent atom source and atomic interferometer including the same |
US8237105B1 (en) * | 2011-02-03 | 2012-08-07 | Northrop Grumman Guidance & Electronics Company, Inc. | Magneto-optical trap for cold atom beam source |
US8872360B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multiple-qubit wave-activated controlled gate |
US8853613B1 (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-10-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Magnetic field coils for magneto-optical trap |
CN107392322B (zh) * | 2017-09-13 | 2020-10-02 | 刘东升 | 一种量子纠缠管 |
US10103463B1 (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2018-10-16 | ColdQuanta, Inc. | In-place clamping of pin-grid array |
US11738995B2 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2023-08-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Manipulation of a molecule using dipole moments |
US12046387B2 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2024-07-23 | ColdQuanta, Inc. | Vacuum cell with integrated guide stack wall |
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US5166919A (en) | 1991-07-11 | 1992-11-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Atomic scale electronic switch |
JPH06224412A (ja) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-08-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 原子スイッチ回路及びシステム |
JPH088475A (ja) * | 1994-06-16 | 1996-01-12 | Res Dev Corp Of Japan | 物質表面への異種原子の局所的供給法 |
JP2002246585A (ja) * | 2001-02-19 | 2002-08-30 | Sharp Corp | 量子演算素子 |
Family Cites Families (4)
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EP0687889A3 (en) | 1994-06-16 | 1996-10-16 | Japan Res Dev Corp | Method for detecting the displacement of atoms on the surface of matter and method for local supply of hetero atoms |
US7126112B2 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2006-10-24 | Anderson Dana Z | Cold atom system with atom chip wall |
US7375802B2 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2008-05-20 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Radar systems and methods using entangled quantum particles |
JP4862202B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-08 | 2012-01-25 | 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 | 中性原子のトラップ装置 |
-
2003
- 2003-03-13 JP JP2003068764A patent/JP4374444B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-03-12 WO PCT/JP2004/003343 patent/WO2004082027A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-03-12 CN CNB2004800017365A patent/CN100452425C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-12 EP EP04720187A patent/EP1603167A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-12 US US10/548,903 patent/US7459673B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US5166919A (en) | 1991-07-11 | 1992-11-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Atomic scale electronic switch |
JPH06224412A (ja) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-08-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 原子スイッチ回路及びシステム |
JPH088475A (ja) * | 1994-06-16 | 1996-01-12 | Res Dev Corp Of Japan | 物質表面への異種原子の局所的供給法 |
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T. CALARCO ET AL.: "Quantum gates with neutral atoms: Controlling collisional interactions in time-dependent traps", PHYS. REV. A, vol. 61, no. 022304, pages 1 - 11 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1603167A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
CN1723569A (zh) | 2006-01-18 |
JP2004281576A (ja) | 2004-10-07 |
CN100452425C (zh) | 2009-01-14 |
EP1603167A4 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
JP4374444B2 (ja) | 2009-12-02 |
US7459673B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
US20070158541A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
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