WO2004076943A2 - Device for controlling the refrigerant charge of an air-conditioning system - Google Patents

Device for controlling the refrigerant charge of an air-conditioning system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004076943A2
WO2004076943A2 PCT/FR2004/000346 FR2004000346W WO2004076943A2 WO 2004076943 A2 WO2004076943 A2 WO 2004076943A2 FR 2004000346 W FR2004000346 W FR 2004000346W WO 2004076943 A2 WO2004076943 A2 WO 2004076943A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
analysis
calculation means
sensors
temperature
air conditioning
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Application number
PCT/FR2004/000346
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French (fr)
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WO2004076943A3 (en
Inventor
Pascal Maurice Bequet
Original Assignee
Pascal Maurice Bequet
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Publication date
Application filed by Pascal Maurice Bequet filed Critical Pascal Maurice Bequet
Publication of WO2004076943A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004076943A2/en
Publication of WO2004076943A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004076943A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
    • F25B2345/003—Control issues for charging or collecting refrigerant to or from a cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/197—Pressures of the evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for controlling the refrigerant charge of an air conditioning installation.
  • a device for controlling the refrigerant charge of an air conditioning installation is used for the commissioning of an air conditioning installation and / or for the verification of the refrigerant charge during the operation of the installation.
  • the present invention thus makes it possible to fill an air conditioning installation with a fair quantity of refrigerant, for example “Freon”, and / or to verify that the quantity of refrigerant present in the circuit of an air conditioning installation is optimal .
  • One of these known methods consists in inserting a pressure gauge on the fluid circuit of the air conditioning system considered. A refrigerant is then introduced into the circuit until a predetermined pressure level is reached, called discharge pressure (if the manometer is stitched on the high pressure line) or suction pressure (if the manometer is stitched on the low pressure line), beyond which it is no longer necessary to add fluid.
  • discharge pressure if the manometer is stitched on the high pressure line
  • suction pressure if the manometer is stitched on the low pressure line
  • an air conditioning installation generally comprises a condensing unit comprising a compressor, as well as an evaporator, connected together by fluidic connections.
  • the manufacturer of the compressor generally specifies a mass of refrigerant to be introduced. This mass does not take into account the fluidic connections towards the evaporator, nor of the evaporator itself.
  • the air conditioning unit installers then introduce a mass of refrigerant corresponding to the mass specified for the compressor, increased by an additional quantity of fluid, calculated on the basis of the diameter and the length of the fluid lines between the compressor and the evaporator.
  • such a method is entirely empirical and does not allow the charge of refrigerant to be controlled with precision.
  • the so-called “icing” method of the suction pipe is also known, which consists in evaluating the quantity of refrigerant to be supplied to the installation by measuring the length of the suction pipe undergoing icing.
  • This method is, however, completely empirical and therefore does not allow optimal commissioning of the installation. None of the methods mentioned above makes it possible to appreciate as accurately as possible the charge of refrigerant, that is to say the quantity of refrigerant, necessary for a given installation, in a given climatic context. However, a lack of refrigerant in an installation can lead to serious low pressure malfunctions such as for example:
  • overheating method which consists in reading the suction temperature by contact with the suction pipe of the installation and in determining the evaporation temperature from a measurement. pressure in the suction line. Overheating is the difference between suction temperature and evaporation temperature. The overheating is then compared to theoretical values plotted on an abacus. It is then possible, by observing a difference, during the comparison, to adjust the refrigerant charge.
  • This method is complicated to implement, because it supposes the use of an abacus, which integrates values of the inlet temperature in the evaporator (wet bulb) and the inlet temperature in the condenser (dry bulb ).
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device for determining and supplying simply, quickly and precisely the quantity of refrigerant necessary and sufficient for an air conditioning system under given operating conditions, so as to avoid both excess than a load fault which could be detrimental to the components of the air conditioning system.
  • Another object of the present invention aims to implement in an extremely simple manner, the control method, called “overheating method”, and this in various installations having, if necessary, different operating parameters.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a device for determining and / or controlling the quantity of refrigerant necessary and sufficient for an air conditioning installation comprising:
  • At least three temperature sensors and at least one pressure sensor all functionally connected to the analysis and calculation means, - and a display member controlled by the analysis and calculation means.
  • the device comprises recording and / or setting means making it possible to modify the prerecorded values.
  • the analysis and calculation means comprise for example means for comparing the values measured by the sensors, if necessary recalculated, with prerecorded values.
  • At least one of the temperature sensors is connected to the analysis and calculation means by a radio link, the other sensors being connected to the analysis and calculation means by means of electrical connections and / or fluidics.
  • the sensors are advantageously removable from their respective measurement point.
  • the analysis and calculation means preferably comprise a microprocessor or a microcontroller.
  • the control device comprises means for controlling a filling valve mounted on a suction pipe of an air conditioning installation and connected to a reserve of refrigerant, thus automatically charging the installation according to a regulation loop.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a process for determining and / or controlling the quantity of refrigerant necessary and sufficient for an air conditioning installation, consisting of: - using a device as described above,
  • the method consists in slaving a filling valve of the installation according to the displayed difference and this, according to a regulation loop.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of a device according to the invention in an air conditioning installation.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation, in partial section, of a particular arrangement of sensors implemented in the context of the invention.
  • the device according to the invention is used to control the refrigerant charge of an installation comprising an evaporation unit UE (evaporator) and a condensing unit UC connected together by a suction pipe 1 and a suction pipe delivery 2, as can be seen in Figure 2.
  • the room to be air conditioned 3 is shown diagrammatically in dotted lines.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a portable box 4.
  • the portability of the device, and in particular of the box 4, is a particularly advantageous aspect of the invention, and moreover constitutes an independent invention in its own right.
  • the device is independent of air conditioning systems and can therefore be added to them for control purposes.
  • the person responsible for checking the proper functioning of the air conditioning systems can thus move from one installation to the other with its control device.
  • the latter includes a memory 5 inserted in the housing 4, in which are in particular pre-recorded values of pressure and temperature.
  • Data analysis and calculation means 6 are also inserted in the housing 4. Analysis and calculation means 6 are used for processing values measured by temperature or pressure sensors, for example on the basis of an algorithm recorded in the memory 5.
  • the memory 5 comprises for example a memory of the “Flash” or EEPROM type.
  • the analysis and calculation means comprise for example a microprocessor or a microcontroller.
  • the analysis and calculation means 6 and / or the memory 5 are connected to an output port allowing their functional connection, for example for the purpose of updating or modifying parameters, to maintenance means and / or external control, such as computers.
  • the output port can include an RS232 interface.
  • the analysis and calculation means 6 can be remote, for example integrated into a computer, in particular a portable computer, so that the user then only has to transfer the measured pressure and temperature values by the sensors and recorded in the memory 5 to the analysis and calculation means 6, for example through the RS232 interface.
  • the analysis and calculation means 6 comprise comparison means making it possible to compare values measured by the sensors, if necessary recalculated, with prerecorded values.
  • the user of the device according to the invention is then able to detect a difference between theoretical values and practical results illustrating the operation of the installation and to react accordingly.
  • the display member 7 therefore informs the user in real time of the device for the evolution of the refrigerant loading of the installation.
  • the analysis and calculation means 6 control a display member 7 making it possible to restore to the user information relating to the values measured by sensors or calculated by the analysis and calculation means 6.
  • the device conforms to the invention may also include means of connection to a printer, so that the technician can send a report.
  • the device according to the invention comprises at least three temperature sensors C1, C2 and C3 and at least one pressure sensor C4. All these sensors C1, C2, C3 and C4 are functionally connected to the analysis and calculation means 6.
  • the connection between the sensors C1, C2, C3 and C4 and the analysis and calculation means 6 can obviously be direct or indirect. In the latter case, the analysis and calculation means 6 are connected to the memory 5 which stores the data measured by the sensors before the transfer of the latter to the analysis and calculation means 6.
  • the temperature sensor C3 is intended to be positioned on the suction line 1 and to measure the contact temperature called the suction temperature Ta.
  • the pressure sensor C4 is intended to measure the evaporation pressure Pe at the outlet of the evaporation unit UE.
  • it advantageously comprises a flexible pipe intended to be connected in fluid connection with the suction pipe 1, so as to communicate the level of evaporation pressure Pe to a pressure gauge.
  • the device may include a set of connection pipes, allowing the removable connection of the device to the air conditioning system.
  • connection pipes will preferably be several flexible pipes, differentiated from each other for example by means of a code, so that each pipe is unequivocally associated with a fluid or several fluids chemically and / or physically compatible .
  • Such a measure in fact makes it possible to avoid pollution of the flexible pipe and of the device between two controls of installations filled with different and incompatible fluids.
  • the code used may be of any kind: visual, tactile, auditory, olfactory, chip, barcode, matrix code, etc.
  • the user can select, depending on the nature of the refrigerant. circulating in the installation, the appropriate flexible pipe. It can then connect the latter to the housing 4, so as to ensure the control of the evaporation pressure Pe safely and without risk of pollution of the material.
  • the flexible pipes may be made from different materials, chosen according to their chemical compatibility with the refrigerants.
  • the pressure sensor C4 can be offset relative to the housing 4 and provided with means allowing its direct connection to the suction pipe 1, for example on a pressure tap, without having to use a pipe flexible.
  • the transfer of the data measured by the sensor C4 will advantageously be carried out by wire or wireless link, for example using a connection cable connecting the sensor C4 to the housing 4.
  • This variant embodiment also has the advantage of avoiding pollution of the device between two checks.
  • the analysis and calculation means 6 make it possible, on the one hand, to calculate the evaporation temperature Te from the evaporation pressure Pe using the saturated vapor data (pressure - temperature) of the refrigerant fluid pre-recorded in memory 5, and on the other hand to calculate the value of the actual superheat by evaluating the difference between the suction temperature Ta and the evaporation temperature Te.
  • the temperature sensor C3 intended to measure the contact temperature and the pressure sensor C4 intended to measure the evaporation pressure are combined in one single unitary sensor C5 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the sensor C5 comprises a flexible pipe 20 intended to be connected in fluid connection with the suction line 1 via a connection means 21, so as to communicate the level of evaporation pressure Pe to a system of measurement and / or display 22 comprising a pressure gauge.
  • the measurement and / or display system 22 can thus indicate to the user the evaporation pressure Pe.
  • the sensor C5 also comprises a means 23A, 23B for determining the contact temperature Ta.
  • This determination means 23A, 23B comprises a temperature-sensitive means 23B, for example a thermocouple, connected by means of a connecting means 23A, for example a conductive wire, to a means for measuring and temperature display included in the system 22.
  • the temperature-sensitive means 23B is arranged to be in thermal contact with the connection means 21, which itself is intended to be secured to a complementary means provided on the suction pipe 1.
  • the connection means 21 can for example be constituted by a threaded cap, intended to cooperate with a tap provided with an additional thread (not shown) arranged by construction on the suction pipe 1.
  • the temperature determining means 23A, 23B can be intimately integrated into the structure of the flexible pipe 20 (for example by overmolding), or can be simply attached against or in it.
  • the technician by connecting the sensor C5 can simultaneously obtain information on the evaporation pressure and the suction contact temperature Ta.
  • the temperature sensor C1 measuring the wet bulb temperature is intended to be placed in the room to be air conditioned 3 in the vicinity of the evaporation unit UE, while the temperature sensor C2 measuring the dry bulb temperature is intended to be positioned at outside the room to be air conditioned, near the condensing unit UC.
  • the device according to the invention comprises, according to an exemplary embodiment, means of recording and / or of configuration making it possible to modify the prerecorded values. It is thus possible to select the type of refrigerant used and therefore the specific parameters relating thereto.
  • the temperature sensor C2 measuring the dry bulb temperature
  • the analysis and calculation means 6 is preferably connected to the analysis and calculation means 6 using a radio link 8.
  • the latter comprising in particular a transmitter and a receiver is known as such and will not be described in further detail.
  • the user of the device positions the temperature sensor C2 outside and then moves into the room to be air conditioned 3 to position the other sensors on the air conditioning installation and to control so centralized filling or adjustment of the installation's refrigerant.
  • the other sensors C1, C3 and C4 are advantageously connected to the analysis and calculation means 6 using electrical and / or fluidic connections 9, 10 and 11.
  • the sensors C1, C2, C3 and C4 are removable from their respective measurement point. They are designed in this way to be easily and quickly handled by the user within the framework of an air conditioning installation control. This avoids the use of a specific device, permanently installed, on each air conditioning installation.
  • the wet bulb temperature and the dry bulb temperature are measured using two separate temperature sensors C1, C2.
  • the temperature sensor C1 measuring the wet bulb temperature may include a dry bulb temperature probe (for example made of platinum) making it possible to measure the dry bulb temperature outside the air conditioning room, as well as a humidity sensor, of the capacitive type for example, which will make it possible, in combination with the dry bulb temperature probe, to determine, in a conventional manner, the wet bulb temperature.
  • a dry bulb temperature probe for example made of platinum
  • a humidity sensor of the capacitive type for example, which will make it possible, in combination with the dry bulb temperature probe, to determine, in a conventional manner, the wet bulb temperature.
  • the two sensors C1 and C2 are replaced by a single sensor suitable for measuring either the dry bulb temperature or the wet temperature.
  • the device therefore comprises only two temperature sensors.
  • the user can then start by measuring the dry bulb temperature outside the room to be conditioned 3 using the temperature sensor, and then measure the wet bulb temperature inside the room using the same sensor.
  • the calculation means 6 then use the dry bulb temperature values Tec and the wet bulb temperature values Tee to calculate the theoretical value of the overheating Tsc.
  • the device comprises means for controlling a filling valve 12 connected to the suction pipe 1 of an air conditioning installation and connected to a reserve R of refrigerant.
  • the installation can then be loaded automatically according to a regulation loop.
  • the invention also relates to a process for controlling the refrigerant charge of an air conditioning installation.
  • This method can be implemented using the device described above. It consists in installing the sensors C1, C2, C3 and C4 in the manner explained further upstream. The method then consists in calculating a superheat value from the values measured by the sensors and in comparing this superheat value with a prerecorded value.
  • a prerecorded value is for example from a curve of the abacus in FIG. 1.
  • the values making it possible to plot the curves of this abacus are therefore preprogrammed in memory 5.
  • each of the curves shown on the chart corresponds to a value of the wet bulb temperature (inlet to the evaporator) Tee in ° C.
  • the superheat value corresponds to the difference between the suction temperature Ta and the evaporation temperature Te. The latter is calculated by the analysis and calculation means 6, from the evaporation pressure Pe, using the laws of physics.
  • information is displayed on the difference between the calculated value of the overheating and that, theoretical or ideal prerecorded in the memory 5.
  • the user of the device according to the invention can thus intervene to adjust the fluid load refrigerant. For example, if the calculated value of overheating is greater than the ideal value of overheating, this means that the quantity of refrigerant present in the air conditioning circuit is insufficient, and that fluid must be added (and vice versa).
  • the invention finds its industrial application in the design and manufacture of devices for controlling the refrigerant charge of air conditioning installations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device which is used to determine and/or control the necessary and sufficient quantity of refrigerant for an air-conditioning system. The inventive device comprises: a portable case (4) housing (i) a memory element (5) containing pre-recorded pressure and temperature values and (ii) data analysis and calculation means (6); at least three temperature sensors (C1, C2, C3) and at least one pressure sensor (C4), all of which are functionally connected to the aforementioned analysis and calculation means (6); and a display element (7) which is controlled by said analysis and calculation means (6). The invention also relates to the air-conditioning system.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE CONTRÔLE DE LA CHARGE EN FLUIDE FRIGORIGENE D'UNE INSTALLATION DE CLIMATISATION DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE REFRIGERANT FLUID CHARGE OF AN AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de contrôle de la charge en fluide frigorigène d'une installation de climatisation. Un tel dispositif est utilisé pour la mise en service d'une installation de climatisation et/ou pour la vérification de la charge en fluide frigorigène au cours du fonctionnement de l'installation.The present invention relates to a device for controlling the refrigerant charge of an air conditioning installation. Such a device is used for the commissioning of an air conditioning installation and / or for the verification of the refrigerant charge during the operation of the installation.
La présente invention permet ainsi de remplir une installation de climatisation d'une juste quantité de fluide frigorigène, par exemple du « Fréon », et/ou de vérifier que la quantité de fluide frigorigène présente dans le circuit d'une installation de climatisation est optimale.The present invention thus makes it possible to fill an air conditioning installation with a fair quantity of refrigerant, for example “Freon”, and / or to verify that the quantity of refrigerant present in the circuit of an air conditioning installation is optimal .
TECHNIQUE ANTERIEUREPRIOR ART
On connaît plusieurs méthodes et/ou dispositifs permettant le remplissage initial d'un système de climatisation par un fluide frigorigène.Several methods and / or devices are known which allow the initial filling of an air conditioning system with a refrigerant.
Une de ces méthodes connues consiste à piquer un manomètre sur le circuit de fluide du système de climatisation considéré. Un fluide frigorigène est ensuite introduit dans le circuit jusqu'à l'atteinte d'un niveau de pression prédéterminé, appelée pression de refoulement (si le manomètre est piqué sur la conduite haute pression) ou pression d'aspiration (si le manomètre est piqué sur la conduite basse pression), au delà duquel il n'est plus nécessaire d'ajouter de fluide. Une telle méthode est généralement désignée par l'appellation « méthode de la pression de refoulement », ou « méthode de la pression d'aspiration ».One of these known methods consists in inserting a pressure gauge on the fluid circuit of the air conditioning system considered. A refrigerant is then introduced into the circuit until a predetermined pressure level is reached, called discharge pressure (if the manometer is stitched on the high pressure line) or suction pressure (if the manometer is stitched on the low pressure line), beyond which it is no longer necessary to add fluid. Such a method is generally designated by the name "delivery pressure method", or "suction pressure method".
Cependant, une telle méthode s'avère imprécise, puisqu'elle ne tient pas compte du fait que la pression varie avec la température. Ainsi, la quantité de fluide à introduire dans le circuit dépend notamment de la température extérieure à la pièce à climatiser, ainsi que de la température dans la pièce à climatiser. La méthode de la pression de refoulement / d'aspiration ne permet pas de tenir compte de ces températures et ne permet donc pas de remplir correctement l'installation.However, such a method turns out to be imprecise, since it does not take into account the fact that the pressure varies with temperature. Thus, the quantity of fluid to be introduced into the circuit depends in particular on the temperature outside the room to be conditioned, as well as on the temperature in the room to be conditioned. The discharge / suction pressure method does not allow these temperatures to be taken into account and therefore does not allow the installation to be filled correctly.
Une autre méthode consiste à piloter la masse de fluide frigorigène introduite, à l'aide d'une balance électronique ou d'un cylindre de charge par exemple. En effet, une installation de climatisation comprend généralement une unité de condensation comprenant un compresseur, ainsi qu'un évaporateur, raccordés entre eux par des liaisons fluidiques. Le constructeur du compresseur spécifie généralement une masse de fluide frigorigène à introduire. Cette masse ne tient pas compte des liaisons fluidiques vers l'évaporateur, ni de l'évaporateur lui-même. Les installateurs d'unité de climatisation introduisent alors une masse de fluide frigorigène correspondant à la masse spécifiée pour le compresseur, majorée d'une quantité supplémentaire de fluide, calculée sur la base du diamètre et de la longueur des conduites de fluide entre le compresseur et l'évaporateur. Une telle méthode est cependant tout à fait empirique et ne permet pas de piloter avec précision la charge de fluide frigorigène.Another method consists in controlling the mass of refrigerant introduced, using an electronic balance or a charging cylinder for example. Indeed, an air conditioning installation generally comprises a condensing unit comprising a compressor, as well as an evaporator, connected together by fluidic connections. The manufacturer of the compressor generally specifies a mass of refrigerant to be introduced. This mass does not take into account the fluidic connections towards the evaporator, nor of the evaporator itself. The air conditioning unit installers then introduce a mass of refrigerant corresponding to the mass specified for the compressor, increased by an additional quantity of fluid, calculated on the basis of the diameter and the length of the fluid lines between the compressor and the evaporator. However, such a method is entirely empirical and does not allow the charge of refrigerant to be controlled with precision.
On connaît également la méthode dite « par givrage » de la conduite d'aspiration, qui consiste à évaluer la quantité de fluide frigorigène à fournir à l'installation par la mesure de la longueur de la conduite d'aspiration subissant un givrage. Cette méthode est toutefois totalement empirique et ne permet donc pas une mise en service optimale de l'installation. Aucune des méthodes évoquées ci-dessus, ne permet d'apprécier au plus juste la charge de fluide frigorigène, c'est-à-dire la quantité de fluide frigorigène, nécessaire à une installation donnée, dans un contexte climatique donné. Or, un manque de fluide frigorigène dans une installation peut entraîner des dysfonctionnements graves de basse pression comme par exemple :The so-called “icing” method of the suction pipe is also known, which consists in evaluating the quantity of refrigerant to be supplied to the installation by measuring the length of the suction pipe undergoing icing. This method is, however, completely empirical and therefore does not allow optimal commissioning of the installation. None of the methods mentioned above makes it possible to appreciate as accurately as possible the charge of refrigerant, that is to say the quantity of refrigerant, necessary for a given installation, in a given climatic context. However, a lack of refrigerant in an installation can lead to serious low pressure malfunctions such as for example:
- une diminution de la puissance fournie,- a reduction in the power supplied,
- ou une mise hors d'état du moteur du compresseur hermétique.- or a shutdown of the hermetic compressor motor.
Dans le cas contraire, un surplus de fluide frigorigène dans une installation de climatisation peut entraîner des dysfonctionnements graves de haute pression, comme par exemple :Otherwise, an excess of refrigerant in an air conditioning system can cause serious high pressure malfunctions, such as:
- des montées en pression ou en température exagérées,- exaggerated pressure or temperature increases,
- des déclenchements intempestifs du pressostat haute pression ou des relais thermiques présents dans l'installation, - des retours de liquide intempestifs vers le compresseur,- untimely trips of the high pressure switch or thermal relays present in the installation, - untimely liquid returns to the compressor,
- une diminution de la puissance fournie,- a reduction in the power supplied,
- ou encore une défaillance des clapets sur certains modèles de compresseur.- or a failure of the valves on certain compressor models.
Il est ainsi extrêmement courant que des installations de climatisation soient rendues hors d'usage par une mauvaise évaluation de la charge frigorifique à fournir à l'installation.It is therefore extremely common for air conditioning systems to be rendered inoperable by a poor evaluation of the refrigeration charge to be supplied to the installation.
On connaît également une méthode de contrôle appelée « méthode de la surchauffe », laquelle consiste à relever la température d'aspiration par contact avec la conduite d'aspiration de l'installation et à déterminer la température d'évaporation à partir d'une mesure de la pression dans la conduite d'aspiration. La surchauffe correspond à la différence entre la température d'aspiration et la température d'évaporation. La surchauffe est ensuite comparée à des valeurs théoriques reportées sur un abaque. Il est alors possible en constatant un écart, lors de la comparaison, d'ajuster la charge en fluide frigorigène. Cette méthode est compliquée à mettre en œuvre, car elle suppose l'utilisation d'un abaque, lequel intègre des valeurs de la température d'entrée dans l'évaporateur (bulbe humide) et de la température d'entrée au condenseur (bulbe sec). Il faut par conséquent mesurer ces températures pour utiliser correctement l'abaque et pour disposer de valeurs de comparaison, ce qui s'avère long et fastidieux. Il faut également que le technicien utilisant cette méthode maîtrise correctement le calcul de valeurs signées, ce qui en pratique ne s'avère pas toujours être le cas, puisque cette méthode nécessite fréquemment de soustraire des valeurs négatives. De plus, d'éventuelles variations de température au cours de l'opération de contrôle, modifiant ainsi les données de fonctionnement de l'installation, peuvent ne pas être prises en compte, entraînant une correction non optimale de la charge en fluide frigorigène.There is also known a control method called “overheating method”, which consists in reading the suction temperature by contact with the suction pipe of the installation and in determining the evaporation temperature from a measurement. pressure in the suction line. Overheating is the difference between suction temperature and evaporation temperature. The overheating is then compared to theoretical values plotted on an abacus. It is then possible, by observing a difference, during the comparison, to adjust the refrigerant charge. This method is complicated to implement, because it supposes the use of an abacus, which integrates values of the inlet temperature in the evaporator (wet bulb) and the inlet temperature in the condenser (dry bulb ). These temperatures must therefore be measured to use the chart correctly and to have comparison values, which is long and tedious. It is also necessary that the technician using this method correctly masters the calculation of signed values, which in practice does not always turn out to be the case, since this method frequently requires subtracting negative values. In addition, possible temperature variations during the control operation, thus modifying the operating data of the installation, may not be taken into account, leading to a non-optimal correction of the refrigerant charge.
EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Le but de la présente invention vise à réaliser un dispositif permettant de déterminer et de fournir simplement, rapidement et avec précision la quantité de fluide frigorigène nécessaire et suffisante pour un système de climatisation dans des conditions de fonctionnement données, de manière à éviter aussi bien un excès qu'un défaut de charge qui pourrait être préjudiciable aux composants du circuit de climatisation.The object of the present invention is to provide a device for determining and supplying simply, quickly and precisely the quantity of refrigerant necessary and sufficient for an air conditioning system under given operating conditions, so as to avoid both excess than a load fault which could be detrimental to the components of the air conditioning system.
Un autre but de la présente invention vise à mettre en oeuvre de façon extrêmement simple, la méthode de contrôle, appelée « méthode de la surchauffe », et ce dans diverses installations ayant le cas échéant des paramètres de fonctionnement différents. Les objets assignés à l'invention sont atteints à l'aide d'un dispositif de détermination et/ou de contrôle de la quantité de fluide frigorigène nécessaire et suffisante pour une installation de climatisation comportant :Another object of the present invention aims to implement in an extremely simple manner, the control method, called “overheating method”, and this in various installations having, if necessary, different operating parameters. The objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a device for determining and / or controlling the quantity of refrigerant necessary and sufficient for an air conditioning installation comprising:
- un boîtier portable dans lequel sont insérés une mémoire où sont préenregistrées des valeurs de pression et de température et des moyens d'analyse et de calcul de données,- a portable box into which a memory is inserted in which pressure and temperature values and data analysis and calculation means are pre-recorded,
- au moins trois capteurs de température et au moins un capteur de pression, tous reliés fonctionnellement aux moyens d'analyse et de calcul, - et un organe d'affichage piloté par les moyens d'analyse et de calcul.- At least three temperature sensors and at least one pressure sensor, all functionally connected to the analysis and calculation means, - and a display member controlled by the analysis and calculation means.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comporte des moyens d'enregistrement et/ou de paramétrage permettant de modifier les valeurs préenregistrées.According to one embodiment, the device comprises recording and / or setting means making it possible to modify the prerecorded values.
Les moyens d'analyse et de calcul comprennent par exemple des moyens de comparaison des valeurs mesurées par les capteurs, le cas échéant recalculées, avec des valeurs préenregistrées.The analysis and calculation means comprise for example means for comparing the values measured by the sensors, if necessary recalculated, with prerecorded values.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, l'un au moins des capteurs de température est relié aux moyens d'analyse et de calcul par une liaison hertzienne, les autres capteurs étant reliés aux moyens d'analyse et de calcul à l'aide de liaisons électriques et/ou fluidiques.According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the temperature sensors is connected to the analysis and calculation means by a radio link, the other sensors being connected to the analysis and calculation means by means of electrical connections and / or fluidics.
Les capteurs sont avantageusement amovibles de leur point de mesure respectif.The sensors are advantageously removable from their respective measurement point.
Les • moyens d'analyse et de calcul comprennent de préférence un microprocesseur ou un microcontrôleur. Selon un exemple de réalisation, le dispositif de contrôle comprend des moyens d'asservissement d'une vanne de remplissage montée sur une conduite d'aspiration d'une installation de climatisation et reliée à une réserve de fluide frigorigène, chargeant ainsi automatiquement l'installation selon une boucle de régulation. • the analysis and calculation means preferably comprise a microprocessor or a microcontroller. According to an exemplary embodiment, the control device comprises means for controlling a filling valve mounted on a suction pipe of an air conditioning installation and connected to a reserve of refrigerant, thus automatically charging the installation according to a regulation loop.
Les objets assignés à l'invention sont également atteints à l'aide d'un procédé de détermination et/ou de contrôle de la quantité de fluide frigorigène nécessaire et suffisante pour une installation de climatisation, consistant : - à utiliser un dispositif tel que décrit ci-dessus,The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a process for determining and / or controlling the quantity of refrigerant necessary and sufficient for an air conditioning installation, consisting of: - using a device as described above,
- à disposer le capteur de la température bulbe sec, au voisinage d'une unité de condensation,- place the dry bulb temperature sensor near a condensing unit,
- à disposer le capteur de température bulbe humide à l'intérieur du local à climatiser, - à disposer le capteur de température de contact sur la conduite d'aspiration reliant l'unité d'évaporation à l'unité de condensation,- placing the wet bulb temperature sensor inside the room to be air conditioned, - placing the contact temperature sensor on the suction pipe connecting the evaporation unit to the condensing unit,
- à disposer le capteur de pression sur la conduite d'aspiration,- placing the pressure sensor on the suction line,
- à calculer une valeur de surchauffe à partir des valeurs mesurées par les capteurs et comparer cette valeur de surchauffe à une valeur préenregistrée,- calculating an overheating value from the values measured by the sensors and comparing this overheating value with a pre-recorded value,
- et afficher une information sur l'écart entre la valeur calculée et la valeur préenregistrée.- and display information on the difference between the calculated value and the pre-recorded value.
Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, le procédé consiste à asservir une vanne de remplissage de l'installation en fonction de l'écart affiché et ce, selon une boucle de régulation. DESCRIPTIF SOMMAIRE DES DESSINSAccording to an example of implementation, the method consists in slaving a filling valve of the installation according to the displayed difference and this, according to a regulation loop. SUMMARY OF DRAWINGS
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront également de la description détaillée figurant ci-après, donnée à titre d'exemple en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :Other characteristics and advantages will also emerge from the detailed description given below, given by way of example with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- La figure 1 représente un abaque de courbes théoriques et par conséquent de valeurs théoriques dans la méthode de la surchauffe.- Figure 1 represents an abacus of theoretical curves and consequently of theoretical values in the method of overheating.
- La figure 2 est une représentation schématique de l'agencement d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention dans une installation de climatisation.- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of a device according to the invention in an air conditioning installation.
- La figure 3 est une représentation schématique, en coupe partielle, d'un agencement particulier de capteurs mis en œuvre dans le cadre de l'invention.- Figure 3 is a schematic representation, in partial section, of a particular arrangement of sensors implemented in the context of the invention.
MEILLEURE MANIERE DE REALISER L'INVENTIONBEST WAY TO IMPLEMENT THE INVENTION
Le dispositif conforme à l'invention est utilisé pour contrôler la charge en fluide frigorigène d'une installation comprenant une unité d'évaporation UE (évaporateur) et une unité de condensation UC reliées entre elles par une conduite d'aspiration 1 et une conduite de refoulement 2, tel qu'on peut le voir à la figure 2. Le local à climatiser 3 est schématisé en traits pointillés.The device according to the invention is used to control the refrigerant charge of an installation comprising an evaporation unit UE (evaporator) and a condensing unit UC connected together by a suction pipe 1 and a suction pipe delivery 2, as can be seen in Figure 2. The room to be air conditioned 3 is shown diagrammatically in dotted lines.
Le dispositif conforme à l'invention comporte un boîtier portable 4. La portabilité du dispositif, et notamment du boîtier 4, est un aspect particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, et constitue d'ailleurs une invention indépendante à part entière. Le dispositif est indépendant des installations de climatisations et peut de ce fait être rapporté sur ces dernières à des fins de contrôle. La personne chargée de vérifier le bon fonctionnement des installations de climatisation peut ainsi se déplacer d'une installation à l'autre avec son dispositif de contrôle. Ce dernier comporte une mémoire 5 insérée dans le boîtier 4, dans laquelle sont notamment préenregistrées des valeurs de pression et de température. Des moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 de données sont aussi insérés dans le boîtier 4. Les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 sont utilisés pour le traitement de valeurs mesurées par des capteurs de température ou de pression, sur la base par exemple d'un algorithme enregistré dans la mémoire 5. La mémoire 5 comprend par exemple une mémoire de type « Flash » ou EEPROM. Les moyens d'analyse et de calcul comprennent par exemple un microprocesseur ou un microcontrôleur.The device according to the invention comprises a portable box 4. The portability of the device, and in particular of the box 4, is a particularly advantageous aspect of the invention, and moreover constitutes an independent invention in its own right. The device is independent of air conditioning systems and can therefore be added to them for control purposes. The person responsible for checking the proper functioning of the air conditioning systems can thus move from one installation to the other with its control device. The latter includes a memory 5 inserted in the housing 4, in which are in particular pre-recorded values of pressure and temperature. Data analysis and calculation means 6 are also inserted in the housing 4. Analysis and calculation means 6 are used for processing values measured by temperature or pressure sensors, for example on the basis of an algorithm recorded in the memory 5. The memory 5 comprises for example a memory of the “Flash” or EEPROM type. The analysis and calculation means comprise for example a microprocessor or a microcontroller.
Avantageusement, les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 et/ou la mémoire 5 sont connectés à un port de sortie permettant leur liaison fonctionnelle, par exemple à des fins de mise à jour ou de modification de paramètres, à des moyens de maintenance et/ou de pilotage externes, du genre ordinateurs. A titre d'exemple, le port de sortie peut comprendre une interface RS232.Advantageously, the analysis and calculation means 6 and / or the memory 5 are connected to an output port allowing their functional connection, for example for the purpose of updating or modifying parameters, to maintenance means and / or external control, such as computers. For example, the output port can include an RS232 interface.
Bien évidemment, les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 peuvent être déportés, par exemple intégrés dans un ordinateur, notamment un ordinateur portable, de telle sorte qu'il suffit alors à l'utilisateur de transférer les valeurs de pression et de température mesurées par les capteurs et enregistrées dans la mémoire 5 vers les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6, par exemple par le biais de l'interface RS232.Obviously, the analysis and calculation means 6 can be remote, for example integrated into a computer, in particular a portable computer, so that the user then only has to transfer the measured pressure and temperature values by the sensors and recorded in the memory 5 to the analysis and calculation means 6, for example through the RS232 interface.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 comprennent des moyens de comparaison permettant de comparer des valeurs mesurées par les capteurs, le cas échéant recalculées, avec des valeurs préenregistrées. L'utilisateur du dispositif conforme à l'invention est alors en mesure de déceler un écart entre des valeurs théoriques et des résultats pratiques illustrant le fonctionnement de l'installation et de réagir en conséquence. L'organe d'affichage 7 informe donc en temps réel l'utilisateur du dispositif de l'évolution du chargement en fluide frigorigène de l'installation.According to an exemplary embodiment, the analysis and calculation means 6 comprise comparison means making it possible to compare values measured by the sensors, if necessary recalculated, with prerecorded values. The user of the device according to the invention is then able to detect a difference between theoretical values and practical results illustrating the operation of the installation and to react accordingly. The display member 7 therefore informs the user in real time of the device for the evolution of the refrigerant loading of the installation.
Les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 pilotent un organe d'affichage 7 permettant de restituer à l'utilisateur des informations se rapportant aux valeurs mesurées par des capteurs ou calculées par les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6. Le dispositif conforme à l'invention peut également comporter des moyens de raccordement à une imprimante, de telle sorte que le technicien puisse émettre un rapport.The analysis and calculation means 6 control a display member 7 making it possible to restore to the user information relating to the values measured by sensors or calculated by the analysis and calculation means 6. The device conforms to the invention may also include means of connection to a printer, so that the technician can send a report.
Le dispositif conforme à l'invention comporte au moins trois capteurs de température C1 , C2 et C3 et au moins un capteur de pression C4. Tous ces capteurs C1 , C2, C3 et C4 sont reliés fonctionnellement aux moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6. La liaison entre les capteurs C1 , C2, C3 et C4 et les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 peut bien évidemment être directe ou indirecte. Dans ce dernier cas, les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 sont reliés à la mémoire 5 qui assure le stockage des données mesurées par les capteurs avant le transfert de ces dernières vers les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6.The device according to the invention comprises at least three temperature sensors C1, C2 and C3 and at least one pressure sensor C4. All these sensors C1, C2, C3 and C4 are functionally connected to the analysis and calculation means 6. The connection between the sensors C1, C2, C3 and C4 and the analysis and calculation means 6 can obviously be direct or indirect. In the latter case, the analysis and calculation means 6 are connected to the memory 5 which stores the data measured by the sensors before the transfer of the latter to the analysis and calculation means 6.
Le capteur de température C3 est destiné à être positionné sur la conduite d'aspiration 1 et à mesurer la température de contact dite température d'aspiration Ta. Le capteur de pression C4 est destiné à mesurer la pression d'évaporation Pe à la sortie de l'unité d'évaporation UE.The temperature sensor C3 is intended to be positioned on the suction line 1 and to measure the contact temperature called the suction temperature Ta. The pressure sensor C4 is intended to measure the evaporation pressure Pe at the outlet of the evaporation unit UE.
A cet effet, il comporte avantageusement un tuyau flexible destiné à être branché en liaison fluidique avec la conduite d'aspiration 1 , de manière à communiquer le niveau de pression d'évaporation Pe à un manomètre.To this end, it advantageously comprises a flexible pipe intended to be connected in fluid connection with the suction pipe 1, so as to communicate the level of evaporation pressure Pe to a pressure gauge.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, le dispositif pourra comporter un jeu de tuyaux de raccordement, permettant le raccordement amovible du dispositif à l'installation de climatisation. Il s'agira préférentiellement de plusieurs tuyaux flexibles, différenciés les uns des autres par exemple à l'aide d'un code, de telle sorte qu'à chaque tuyau soit associé de manière univoque un fluide ou plusieurs fluides chimiquement et/ou physiquement compatibles. Une telle mesure permet en effet d'éviter la pollution du tuyau flexible et du dispositif entre deux contrôles d'installations remplies avec des fluides différents et incompatibles.Particularly advantageously, the device may include a set of connection pipes, allowing the removable connection of the device to the air conditioning system. It will preferably be several flexible pipes, differentiated from each other for example by means of a code, so that each pipe is unequivocally associated with a fluid or several fluids chemically and / or physically compatible . Such a measure in fact makes it possible to avoid pollution of the flexible pipe and of the device between two controls of installations filled with different and incompatible fluids.
Avantageusement, le code utilisé pourra être de toute nature : code visuel, tactile, auditif, olfactif, puce, code à barres, code matriciel etc..Advantageously, the code used may be of any kind: visual, tactile, auditory, olfactory, chip, barcode, matrix code, etc.
Ainsi, avant toute opération, l'utilisateur pourra sélectionner, en fonction de la nature du fluide réfrigérant . circulant dans l'installation, le tuyau flexible approprié. Il pourra ensuite connecter ce dernier au boîtier 4, de manière à assurer le contrôle de la pression d'évaporation Pe en toute sécurité et sans risque de pollution du matériel.Thus, before any operation, the user can select, depending on the nature of the refrigerant. circulating in the installation, the appropriate flexible pipe. It can then connect the latter to the housing 4, so as to ensure the control of the evaporation pressure Pe safely and without risk of pollution of the material.
En outre, les tuyaux flexibles pourront être réalisés à partir de matériaux différents, choisis en fonction de leur compatibilité chimique avec les fluides réfrigérants.In addition, the flexible pipes may be made from different materials, chosen according to their chemical compatibility with the refrigerants.
Selon une autre variante, le capteur de pression C4 pourra être déporté par rapport au boîtier 4 et pourvu de moyens permettant son raccordement direct sur la conduite d'aspiration 1 , par exemple sur une prise de pression, et ce sans avoir recours à un tuyau flexible. Le transfert des données mesurées par le capteur C4 sera dans ce cas avantageusement réalisé par liaison filaire ou hertzienne, par exemple à l'aide d'un câble de connexion reliant le capteur C4 au boîtier 4.According to another variant, the pressure sensor C4 can be offset relative to the housing 4 and provided with means allowing its direct connection to the suction pipe 1, for example on a pressure tap, without having to use a pipe flexible. In this case, the transfer of the data measured by the sensor C4 will advantageously be carried out by wire or wireless link, for example using a connection cable connecting the sensor C4 to the housing 4.
Cette variante de réalisation présente également l'avantage d'éviter la pollution du dispositif entre deux contrôles. Une fois la pression d'évaporation Pe mesurée, les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 permettent d'une part de calculer la température d'évaporation Te à partir de la pression d'évaporation Pe en utilisant les données de vapeur saturante (pression - température) du fluide réfrigérant pré-enregistrées dans la mémoire 5, et d'autre part de calculer la valeur de la surchauffe réelle en évaluant la différence entre la température d'aspiration Ta et la température d'évaporation Te.This variant embodiment also has the advantage of avoiding pollution of the device between two checks. Once the evaporation pressure Pe has been measured, the analysis and calculation means 6 make it possible, on the one hand, to calculate the evaporation temperature Te from the evaporation pressure Pe using the saturated vapor data (pressure - temperature) of the refrigerant fluid pre-recorded in memory 5, and on the other hand to calculate the value of the actual superheat by evaluating the difference between the suction temperature Ta and the evaporation temperature Te.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, et qui du reste constitue une invention indépendante à part entière, le capteur de température C3 destiné à mesurer la température de contact et le capteur de pression C4 destiné à mesurer la pression d'évaporation sont combinés en un seul capteur unitaire C5 représenté à la figure 3.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, which, moreover, constitutes an independent invention in its own right, the temperature sensor C3 intended to measure the contact temperature and the pressure sensor C4 intended to measure the evaporation pressure are combined in one single unitary sensor C5 shown in FIG. 3.
Le capteur C5 comprend un tuyau flexible 20 destiné à être branché en liaison fluidique avec la conduite d'aspiration 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de connexion 21 , de manière à communiquer le niveau de pression d'évaporation Pe à un système de mesure et/ou d'affichage 22 comprenant un manomètre. Le système de mesure et/ou d'affichage 22 peut ainsi indiquer à l'utilisateur la pression d'évaporation Pe. Le capteur C5 comprend également un moyen de détermination 23A, 23B de la température de contact Ta.The sensor C5 comprises a flexible pipe 20 intended to be connected in fluid connection with the suction line 1 via a connection means 21, so as to communicate the level of evaporation pressure Pe to a system of measurement and / or display 22 comprising a pressure gauge. The measurement and / or display system 22 can thus indicate to the user the evaporation pressure Pe. The sensor C5 also comprises a means 23A, 23B for determining the contact temperature Ta.
Ce moyen de détermination 23A, 23B comprend un moyen sensible à la température 23B, par exemple un thermo-couple, relié par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de liaison 23A, par exemple un fil conducteur, à un moyen de mesure et d'affichage de la température compris dans le système 22. Le moyen sensible à la température 23B est agencé pour être en contact thermique avec le moyen de connexion 21 , qui lui même est destiné à être solidarisé à un moyen complémentaire prévu sur la conduite d'aspiration 1. A titre d'exemple, le moyen de connexion 21 peut être par exemple constitué par un capuchon taraudé, destiné à coopérer avec un robinet muni d'un filetage complémentaire (non représenté) disposé par construction sur la conduite d'aspiration 1.This determination means 23A, 23B comprises a temperature-sensitive means 23B, for example a thermocouple, connected by means of a connecting means 23A, for example a conductive wire, to a means for measuring and temperature display included in the system 22. The temperature-sensitive means 23B is arranged to be in thermal contact with the connection means 21, which itself is intended to be secured to a complementary means provided on the suction pipe 1. By way of example, the connection means 21 can for example be constituted by a threaded cap, intended to cooperate with a tap provided with an additional thread (not shown) arranged by construction on the suction pipe 1.
Le moyen de détermination de la température 23A, 23B peut être intégré intimement à la structure du tuyau flexible 20 (par exemple par surmoulage), ou être simplement rapporté contre ou dans celui-ci.The temperature determining means 23A, 23B can be intimately integrated into the structure of the flexible pipe 20 (for example by overmolding), or can be simply attached against or in it.
Ainsi, le technicien en connectant le capteur C5 pourra obtenir simultanément une information sur la pression d'évaporation et la température de contact d'aspiration Ta.Thus, the technician by connecting the sensor C5 can simultaneously obtain information on the evaporation pressure and the suction contact temperature Ta.
Le capteur de température C1 mesurant la température bulbe humide est destiné à être disposé dans le local à climatiser 3 au voisinage de l'unité d'évaporation UE, alors que le capteur de température C2 mesurant la température bulbe sec est destiné à être positionné à l'extérieur de la pièce à climatiser, à proximité de l'unité de condensation UC.The temperature sensor C1 measuring the wet bulb temperature is intended to be placed in the room to be air conditioned 3 in the vicinity of the evaporation unit UE, while the temperature sensor C2 measuring the dry bulb temperature is intended to be positioned at outside the room to be air conditioned, near the condensing unit UC.
Le dispositif conforme à l'invention comporte selon un exemple de réalisation, des moyens d'enregistrement et/ou de paramétrage permettant de modifier les valeurs préenregistrées. Il est ainsi possible de sélectionner le type de fluide frigorigène utilisé et par conséquent les paramètres particuliers s'y rapportant.The device according to the invention comprises, according to an exemplary embodiment, means of recording and / or of configuration making it possible to modify the prerecorded values. It is thus possible to select the type of refrigerant used and therefore the specific parameters relating thereto.
Le capteur de température C2, mesurant la température bulbe sec, est de préférence relié aux moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 à l'aide d'une liaison hertzienne 8. Cette dernière comportant notamment un émetteur et un récepteur est connue en tant que telle et ne sera pas décrite plus en détails. Ainsi, l'utilisateur du dispositif positionne le capteur de température C2 à l'extérieur et se déplace ensuite dans le local à climatiser 3 pour positionner les autres capteurs sur l'installation de climatisation et pour piloter de façon centralisée le remplissage ou l'ajustement en fluide frigorigène de l'installation. Les autres capteurs C1 , C3 et C4 sont avantageusement reliés aux moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6 à l'aide de liaisons électriques et/ou fluidiques 9,10 et 11.The temperature sensor C2, measuring the dry bulb temperature, is preferably connected to the analysis and calculation means 6 using a radio link 8. The latter comprising in particular a transmitter and a receiver is known as such and will not be described in further detail. Thus, the user of the device positions the temperature sensor C2 outside and then moves into the room to be air conditioned 3 to position the other sensors on the air conditioning installation and to control so centralized filling or adjustment of the installation's refrigerant. The other sensors C1, C3 and C4 are advantageously connected to the analysis and calculation means 6 using electrical and / or fluidic connections 9, 10 and 11.
Les capteurs C1 , C2, C3 et C4 sont amovibles de leur point de mesure respectif. Ils sont conçus de la sorte pour être facilement et rapidement manipulés par l'utilisateur dans le cadre d'un contrôle d'une installation de climatisation. On évite ainsi l'utilisation d'un dispositif spécifique, installé à demeure, sur chaque installation de climatisation.The sensors C1, C2, C3 and C4 are removable from their respective measurement point. They are designed in this way to be easily and quickly handled by the user within the framework of an air conditioning installation control. This avoids the use of a specific device, permanently installed, on each air conditioning installation.
Dans le mode de réalisation décrit précédemment, la température bulbe humide et la température bulbe sec sont mesurées à l'aide de deux capteurs de température C1 , C2 distincts.In the embodiment described above, the wet bulb temperature and the dry bulb temperature are measured using two separate temperature sensors C1, C2.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, le capteur de température C1 mesurant la température bulbe humide peut comporter une sonde de température bulbe sec (par exemple en platine) permettant de mesurer la température bulbe sec à l'extérieur de la pièce de climatisation, ainsi qu'un capteur d'humidité, de type capacitif par exemple, qui permettra, en combinaison avec la sonde de température bulbe sec, de déterminer, de façon classique, la température bulbe humide. Dans ce cas, les deux capteurs C1 et C2 sont remplacés par un unique capteur adapté pour mesurer soit la température bulbe sec, soit la température humide.According to another particularly advantageous embodiment, the temperature sensor C1 measuring the wet bulb temperature may include a dry bulb temperature probe (for example made of platinum) making it possible to measure the dry bulb temperature outside the air conditioning room, as well as a humidity sensor, of the capacitive type for example, which will make it possible, in combination with the dry bulb temperature probe, to determine, in a conventional manner, the wet bulb temperature. In this case, the two sensors C1 and C2 are replaced by a single sensor suitable for measuring either the dry bulb temperature or the wet temperature.
Selon cette variante, le dispositif comporte donc seulement deux capteurs de température.According to this variant, the device therefore comprises only two temperature sensors.
L'utilisateur peut alors commencer par mesurer la température bulbe sec à l'extérieur du local à climatiser 3 à l'aide du capteur de température, et mesurer ensuite la température bulbe humide à l'intérieur du local à l'aide du même capteur.The user can then start by measuring the dry bulb temperature outside the room to be conditioned 3 using the temperature sensor, and then measure the wet bulb temperature inside the room using the same sensor.
Les moyens de calcul 6 utilisent alors les valeurs de température bulbe sec Tec et les valeurs de température bulbe humide Tee pour calculer la valeur théorique de la surchauffe Tsc. Les moyens de comparaison comparent alors la valeur théorique de la surchauffe Tsc à la valeur réelle calculée de la surchauffe (= Ta - Te).The calculation means 6 then use the dry bulb temperature values Tec and the wet bulb temperature values Tee to calculate the theoretical value of the overheating Tsc. The comparison means then compare the theoretical value of the overheating Tsc with the calculated real value of the overheating (= Ta - Te).
Selon un exemple de réalisation, le dispositif comprend des moyens d'asservissement d'une vanne de remplissage 12 connectée sur la conduite d'aspiration 1 d'une installation de climatisation et reliée à une réserve R de fluide frigorigène. L'installation peut alors être chargée automatiquement selon une boucle de régulation.According to an exemplary embodiment, the device comprises means for controlling a filling valve 12 connected to the suction pipe 1 of an air conditioning installation and connected to a reserve R of refrigerant. The installation can then be loaded automatically according to a regulation loop.
L'invention se rapporte également à un procédé de contrôle de la charge en fluide frigorigène d'une installation de climatisation. Ce procédé peut être mis en œuvre à l'aide du dispositif décrit ci-dessus. Il consiste à mettre en place les capteurs C1 , C2, C3 et C4 de la manière expliquée plus en amont. Le procédé consiste ensuite à calculer une valeur de surchauffe à partir des valeurs mesurées par les capteurs et à comparer cette valeur de surchauffe à une valeur préenregistrée. Une telle valeur préenregistrée est par exemple issue d'une courbe de l'abaque de la figure 1. Les valeurs permettant de tracer les courbes de cet abaque sont donc préprogrammées dans la mémoire 5. L'abaque de la figure 1 montre en abscisse la température bulbe sec (d'entrée au condensateur) Tec en °C et en ordonnée la température de surchauffe Tsc en °C. En outre, chacune des courbes figurant sur l'abaque correspond à une valeur de la température bulbe humide (d'entrée dans l'évaporateur) Tee en ° C. La valeur de surchauffe correspond à la différence entre la température d'aspiration Ta et la température d'évaporation Te. Cette dernière est calculée par les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6, à partir de la pression d'évaporation Pe, en utilisant les lois de la physique.The invention also relates to a process for controlling the refrigerant charge of an air conditioning installation. This method can be implemented using the device described above. It consists in installing the sensors C1, C2, C3 and C4 in the manner explained further upstream. The method then consists in calculating a superheat value from the values measured by the sensors and in comparing this superheat value with a prerecorded value. Such a prerecorded value is for example from a curve of the abacus in FIG. 1. The values making it possible to plot the curves of this abacus are therefore preprogrammed in memory 5. The abacus of FIG. 1 shows the dry bulb temperature (input to the capacitor) Tec in ° C and on the ordinate the superheating temperature Tsc in ° C. In addition, each of the curves shown on the chart corresponds to a value of the wet bulb temperature (inlet to the evaporator) Tee in ° C. The superheat value corresponds to the difference between the suction temperature Ta and the evaporation temperature Te. The latter is calculated by the analysis and calculation means 6, from the evaporation pressure Pe, using the laws of physics.
Selon le procédé, on affiche une information sur l'écart entre la valeur calculée de la surchauffe et celle, théorique ou idéale préenregistrée dans la mémoire 5. L'utilisateur du dispositif conforme à l'invention peut ainsi intervenir pour ajuster la charge en fluide frigorigène. Par exemple, si la valeur calculée de la surchauffe est supérieure à la valeur idéale de la surchauffe, cela signifie que la quantité de fluide frigorigène présent dans le circuit de climatisation est insuffisante, et que du fluide doit être ajouté (et inversement). Selon un autre mode de mise en œuvre du procédé, on peut également asservir, grâce au dispositif, la vanne de remplissage 12 de l'installation. Cet asservissement est alors effectué selon une boucle de régulation pilotée par les moyens d'analyse et de calcul 6.According to the method, information is displayed on the difference between the calculated value of the overheating and that, theoretical or ideal prerecorded in the memory 5. The user of the device according to the invention can thus intervene to adjust the fluid load refrigerant. For example, if the calculated value of overheating is greater than the ideal value of overheating, this means that the quantity of refrigerant present in the air conditioning circuit is insufficient, and that fluid must be added (and vice versa). According to another mode of implementation of the method, it is also possible to control, thanks to the device, the filling valve 12 of the installation. This enslavement is then carried out according to a regulation loop controlled by the analysis and calculation means 6.
POSSIBILITE D'APPLICATION INDUSTRIELLEPOSSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
L'invention trouve son application industrielle dans la conception et la fabrication de dispositifs de contrôle de la charge en fluide frigorigène d'installations de climatisation. The invention finds its industrial application in the design and manufacture of devices for controlling the refrigerant charge of air conditioning installations.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
- Dispositif de détermination et/ou de contrôle de la quantité de fluide frigorigène nécessaire et suffisante pour une installation de climatisation comportant : - un boîtier (4) portable dans lequel sont insérés une mémoire (5) où sont préenregistrées des valeurs de pression et de température et des moyens d'analyse et de calcul (6) de données,- Device for determining and / or controlling the quantity of refrigerant necessary and sufficient for an air conditioning installation comprising: - a portable box (4) in which are inserted a memory (5) in which pressure and pressure values are pre-recorded temperature and data analysis and calculation means (6),
- au moins trois capteurs de température (C1 , C2, C3) et au moins un capteur de pression (C4), tous reliés fonctionnellement aux moyens d'analyse et de calcul (6), un organe d'affichage (7), piloté par les moyens d'analyse et de calcul (6).- at least three temperature sensors (C1, C2, C3) and at least one pressure sensor (C4), all functionally connected to the analysis and calculation means (6), a display member (7), controlled by means of analysis and calculation (6).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les capteurs- Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the sensors
(C1 , C2, C3, C4) sont amovibles de leur point de mesure respectif.(C1, C2, C3, C4) are removable from their respective measurement point.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens d'enregistrement et/ou de paramétrage permettant de modifier les valeurs préenregistrées.- Device according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that it comprises recording and / or setting means for modifying the prerecorded values.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'analyse et de calcul (6) comprennent des moyens de comparaison des valeurs mesurées par les capteurs (C1 , C2, C3,- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the analysis and calculation means (6) comprise means for comparing the values measured by the sensors (C1, C2, C3,
C4), le cas échéant recalculées, avec des valeurs préenregistrées. - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que l'un (C2) au moins des capteurs de température (C1 , C2, C3) est relié aux moyens d'analyse et de calcul (6) par une liaison hertzienne (8).C4), if necessary recalculated, with prerecorded values. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that at least one (C2) of the temperature sensors (C1, C2, C3) is connected to the analysis and calculation means (6) by a radio link (8).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'analyse et de calcul (6) comprennent un microprocesseur ou un microcontrôleur.- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the analysis and calculation means (6) comprise a microprocessor or a microcontroller.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que les autres capteurs (C1 , C3, C4) sont reliés aux moyens d'analyse et de calcul (6) à l'aide de liaison électriques et/ou fluidiques (9, 10, 11).- Device according to claim 4 characterized in that the other sensors (C1, C3, C4) are connected to the analysis and calculation means (6) using electrical and / or fluidic connections (9, 10, 11 ).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens d'asservissement d'une vanne de remplissage (12) connectée sur une conduite d'aspiration (1) d'une installation de climatisation et reliée à une réserve (R) de fluide frigorigène, chargeant ainsi automatiquement l'installation selon une boucle de régulation.- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that it comprises means for controlling a filling valve (12) connected to a suction pipe (1) of an air conditioning installation and connected to a reserve (R) of refrigerant, thus automatically charging the installation according to a regulation loop.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte plusieurs tuyaux de raccordement amovible du dispositif à l'installation de climatisation, chaque tuyau étant associé à un fluide donné ou à plusieurs fluides compatibles.- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that it comprises several pipes for removable connection of the device to the air conditioning system, each pipe being associated with a given fluid or with several compatible fluids.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 9 caractérisé en ce que chaque tuyau est muni d'un code propre permettant de le distinguer des autres tuyaux et de l'associer à un fluide ou à plusieurs fluides compatibles. - Procédé de détermination et/ou de contrôle de la quantité de fluide frigorigène nécessaire et suffisante pour une installation de climatisation, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste : à utiliser un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10,- Device according to claim 9 characterized in that each pipe is provided with its own code making it possible to distinguish it from other pipes and to associate it with a fluid or with several compatible fluids. - Method for determining and / or controlling the quantity of refrigerant necessary and sufficient for an air conditioning installation, characterized in that it consists in: using a device according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
- à disposer le capteur (C2) de la température bulbe sec, au voisinage d'une unité de condensation (UC),- placing the dry bulb temperature sensor (C2) in the vicinity of a condensing unit (UC),
- à disposer le capteur (C1) de température bulbe humide à l'intérieur du local à climatiser (3), - à disposer le capteur (C3) de température de contact sur la conduite d'aspiration (1) reliant l'unité d'évaporation (UE) à l'unité de condensation (UC), à disposer le capteur (C4) de pression sur la conduite d'aspiration (1), - à calculer une valeur de surchauffe à partir des valeurs mesurées par les capteurs et comparer cette valeur de surchauffe à une valeur préenregistrée,- placing the wet bulb temperature sensor (C1) inside the room to be conditioned (3), - placing the contact temperature sensor (C3) on the suction pipe (1) connecting the unit d evaporating (UE) at the condensing unit (UC), placing the pressure sensor (C4) on the suction line (1), - calculating a superheating value from the values measured by the sensors and compare this overheating value with a pre-recorded value,
- et afficher une information sur l'écart entre la valeur calculée et la valeur préenregistrée.- and display information on the difference between the calculated value and the pre-recorded value.
- Procédé selon la revendication 11 caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à asservir une vanne de remplissage (12) de l'installation en fonction de l'écart affiché et ce selon une boucle de régulation. - Method according to claim 11 characterized in that it consists in slaving a filling valve (12) of the installation according to the difference displayed and this according to a regulation loop.
PCT/FR2004/000346 2003-02-14 2004-02-16 Device for controlling the refrigerant charge of an air-conditioning system WO2004076943A2 (en)

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FR03/01974 2003-02-14
FR0301974A FR2851328B1 (en) 2003-02-14 2003-02-14 DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE REFRIGERANT FLUID LOAD OF AN AIR CONDITIONING FACILITY

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