WO2004067168A1 - Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst and method for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004067168A1 WO2004067168A1 PCT/RU2004/000018 RU2004000018W WO2004067168A1 WO 2004067168 A1 WO2004067168 A1 WO 2004067168A1 RU 2004000018 W RU2004000018 W RU 2004000018W WO 2004067168 A1 WO2004067168 A1 WO 2004067168A1
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- fact
- catalysis
- binder
- temperature
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005414 paramagnetic center Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009937 brining Methods 0.000 description 1
- SYRIRLOOSKFSFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane Chemical compound CCCC.CCCC SYRIRLOOSKFSFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- NINOVVRCHXVOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NINOVVRCHXVOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
Definitions
- the well-known catalytic converter is a significant waste of raw materials for coke and gas (hydrogen and light hydrocarbons).
- the use of catalyzed by a well-known method It is shown, as indicated above, for significant processes of raw materials for coke and gas.
- the catalytic conver- sion of hydrocarbons is known, including the oxides of nickel, titanium, aluminum, and boron, and the following ratio of components, wt.%: Nickel oxide 10.5 ⁇ 13; titanium oxide 0.2 ⁇ 0.6; Oxide boron 0.3 ⁇ 0.9 and aluminum oxide - other (see patent No. 2157730, ⁇ P ⁇ ⁇ 37/02, ⁇ 23/755).
- Unsatisfactory catalytic activity is a large loss of raw materials caused by undesirable formation of by-product and light carbohydrates, non-food
- hydrocarbons which is included in the sale of a carrier of a medium with nitrous and acid salts of nickel and aluminum and the heating of the obtained catalytic mass at a temperature of 400 ⁇ 500 ° ⁇ .
- the hostel prepares a mixture of clay, including clay, titanium hydride, boric acid and 3 technical carbon with addition of a mixture of steam, wax and oleic acid as a binder mixture, casting with an excess pressure of 0.4 ⁇ 0.2 MPa and a temperature of 70 ⁇ 51 ° ⁇ . ⁇ 37/02, ⁇ 23/755, published on 10/20/2000).
- One of the described catalyses is that it received direct gasoline at 600 ° ⁇ (see B. Bld., , p. 1840-1847).
- ⁇ ed ⁇ s ⁇ a ⁇ i izves ⁇ n ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ aliza ⁇ a niz ⁇ aya (not b ⁇ lee 20%) s ⁇ e ⁇ en ⁇ nve ⁇ sii al ⁇ an ⁇ v, niz ⁇ aya a ⁇ ivn ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ m ⁇ i ⁇ vann ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ aliza ⁇ a in ⁇ ea ⁇ tsii w degid ⁇ i ⁇ vaniya (vy ⁇ d ⁇ lu ⁇ la me ⁇ iltsi ⁇ l ⁇ ge ⁇ sana of 15.1%) and ⁇ tsesse degid ⁇ tsi ⁇ lizatsii (vy ⁇ d ⁇ lu ⁇ la from n-ge ⁇ ana 9.6%) and nev ⁇ zm ⁇ zhn ⁇ s ⁇ Acceptance Pressure.
- aya not b ⁇ lee 20%
- s ⁇ e ⁇ en ⁇ nve ⁇ sii al ⁇ an ⁇ v niz ⁇ aya a ⁇ ivn ⁇
- the sol is gel (see ⁇ . ⁇ ge ⁇ , L.- ⁇ . ⁇ eggeg, ⁇ . .109- 1 19) with the following incandescence of heat and various temperatures in the helium atmosphere.
- Most economically viable catalyst sample is gel (see ⁇ . ⁇ ge ⁇ , L.- ⁇ . ⁇ eggeg, ⁇ . .109- 1 19) with the following incandescence of heat and various temperatures in the helium atmosphere.
- 25 is characterized by a specific rate of 141 m7g, adsorption (desorption) of 92-93 ⁇ mol / g and ammonia desorption of 0.21 mmol / g.
- the automation of n-hexane and n-octane in the presence of a known catalytic converter was carried out only in the hydrogen atmosphere, but not nitrogen. 5
- coal-containing catalysts are usually 20 functions higher than (> 500 ° ⁇ ), in comparison with the well-known industrialized catalyses
- Catalysis is known for dehydration and hydration, 25 including hydrocarbon hydro genesis, which is taken as a whole, which is completely complete, where 6 ⁇ - 50 - 120.
- ⁇ a ⁇ aliza ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ yayu ⁇ in sy ⁇ e or, in the case ne ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ im ⁇ s ⁇ i, ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ yayu ⁇ in ⁇ d ⁇ dyaschem ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ i ⁇ ele see ⁇ a ⁇ en ⁇ SSH ⁇ ⁇ »5,336,828, ⁇ P ⁇ S07S 5/327, ⁇ ubli ⁇ van 09.08.1994g..).
- the catalytic process was known to occur in the form of a mixture of fullerenes, taken as a result of the process, including the evaporation of carbon or material in
- the task, the solution of the claimed invention is sent, is the processing of such a catalyst for the conversion of hydrocarbons and the process of the transfer of the charge
- the destruction of carbon-containing material can be, for example, due to the action of laser radiation or the operation of an electric arc.
- a catalyst may be introduced, for example, quartz or keramika.
- ⁇ Catalyzed by X-ray carbon and inert gray material can be taken in the following case, mass. %: X-ray carbon density - 1.65 ⁇ 99.00;
- the catalyst may be made in the form of granules formed from a mixture of x-ray carbon with a binder.
- a neutral gel of a metal hydroxide selected from aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and hafnium may be added.
- a metal hydrogel selected from the group ' aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, hafnium or a mixture of hydrogels at least two is also introduced.
- a catalytic hydrogel may be introduced into the catalyst.
- clay may be added to the catalyst.
- ⁇ Catalysis of X-ray carbon and binder may be contained in the following case, mass. %: 15 x-ray carbon angle - 1.65 ⁇ 40.00; the binder is the rest.
- Formation of the granules takes place, for example, by the extrusion of the moistened mass with the subsequent removal of the temperature and the temperature at a temperature of 200 ° C. 20 P ⁇ alivanie in a ⁇ m ⁇ s ⁇ e ⁇ e v ⁇ zdu ⁇ a vyzyvae ⁇ ⁇ islenie a ⁇ ivn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ m ⁇ nen ⁇ a - ⁇ en ⁇ gen ⁇ am ⁇ n ⁇ g ⁇ ugle ⁇ da, ⁇ alivanie ⁇ i ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ e above 550 ° C nezhela ⁇ eln ⁇ , ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ available is ⁇ dn ⁇ m ⁇ en ⁇ gen ⁇ am ⁇ n ⁇ m ugle ⁇ de nes ⁇ yazhennye ⁇ a ⁇ nye communication ⁇ ev ⁇ aschayu ⁇ sya in s ⁇ yazhennye a ⁇ ma ⁇ iches ⁇ ie, ⁇ b ⁇ azuyu ⁇ sya 25
- carbon dioxide may be used in the claimed method.
- At least one of the elec- trics could be 0 from the group.
- the power supply to the electrical outlet is free of charge and the battery is inactive for 6.0 minutes.
- . 3 shows the electronic power supply circuit 15 (EF) of the catalytic converter (1), the catalytic converter (2) and the catalytic converter (3) (1 (2) 1).
- Catalysis regardless of the method of transmission, its operational capabilities and its catalytic activity, contains 0 mass analysis data, 95-97%. carbon, less than 1, 0% water and 4-
- the specific conversion rate of the catalytic converter is 210–280 m / g (depending on the small distribution unit, for 12 s ⁇ avneniya, 6 m "/ g).
- P ⁇ i ⁇ luchenii ⁇ a ⁇ aliza ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ t ⁇ a ⁇ ene ⁇ gii, menshi ⁇ 50 ⁇ / mm ⁇ n m ⁇ zhe ⁇ v ⁇ lyucha ⁇ ne ⁇ ev ⁇ aschenny g ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ , ⁇ y ⁇ edelyae ⁇ sya ⁇ medlenn ⁇ y mass loss above 670 ° C and g ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ izi ⁇ vannye chas ⁇ itsy (not d ⁇ ⁇ ntsa ⁇ ev ⁇ aschenny g ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ ) ⁇ bna ⁇ uzhivaemye ⁇ mass loss in in ⁇ e ⁇ vale ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ 645-670 ° C (cm.
- the electronic signature system in the vacuum system provides a single line with a width of 0.19 m and ⁇ -factor 2.0022 (see figure 3).
- the line is close to the center in the center, has wide wings.
- the paramagnetic centers are caused by defects of the type of C – C connections.
- a high reactivity of the claimed catalyst (anomalously low values of the temperature of the beginning and end of oxidation in
- a processed oxide of a group having ⁇ but ⁇ 300 ° C but does not undergo hydrogen genesis of a large amount of water in the absence of catalysis 14 water, even at a temperature of 700 ° C, is inactive in the reaction of dehydration and dehydration of alkanes.
- the inventive catalysts are also available with a sufficiently developed density and a low bulk density (up to 0.05 g / cm 3 ) and
- ⁇ ⁇ chn ⁇ m ⁇ ea ⁇ e, v ⁇ avoid increasing gaz ⁇ dinamiches ⁇ g ⁇ s ⁇ ivleniya or un ⁇ sa ⁇ a ⁇ aliza ⁇ a with ⁇ m gas m ⁇ zhe ⁇ is ⁇ lz ⁇ va ⁇ sya smesev ⁇ y ⁇ a ⁇ aliza ⁇ with d ⁇ bavleniem ⁇ ⁇ en ⁇ gen ⁇ am ⁇ n ⁇ mu ugle ⁇ du ine ⁇ n ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ze ⁇ nis ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala, na ⁇ ime ⁇ , ⁇ va ⁇ tsa or ⁇ e ⁇ ami ⁇ i.
- gels may be used, hydroxides or hydels, metal, magnesium, magnesium, and magnesium They are suitable as binding aluminosilicates, cements and other solid acids, which cause the cracking of raw materials and the deposition of coke on the catalyst.
- the method of production was conducted by the method of extrusion, since the obtained result- ing has the greatest mechanical stability and is resistant to exhaustion.
- the inventive catalyst emits a process of evaporation in the atmosphere of helium raw materials containing a chemical element.
- coal Is ⁇ a ⁇ enie vedu ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ dv ⁇ de ⁇ ugle ⁇ ds ⁇ de ⁇ z haschemu ma ⁇ e ⁇ ialu ⁇ a ene ⁇ gii 50 ⁇ 300 ⁇ / mm.
- P ⁇ du ⁇ y is ⁇ a ⁇ eniya as ⁇ ulle ⁇ ens ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschey soot ⁇ sazhdayu ⁇ and They are absorbed from it by an organic waste water distributor. 15 Then, they do not separate the absorbed water, wash it off and dry it.
- the obtained x-ray carbon mixture is mechanically mixed with an inert particulate material (for example, with a small amount of or less), a unit of 0.2 mm is used.
- % X-ray carbon ratio - 1.65 - 99.00; inert grain material - other.
- X-ray carbon and binder are predominantly mixed for washing in the following situation, mass. %: x-ray carbon ratio - 1.65 ⁇ 40.00; the binder is the rest.
- G ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ as ⁇ ve ⁇ d ⁇ g ⁇ tsilind ⁇ iches ⁇ g ⁇ s ⁇ e ⁇ zhnya ⁇ azmeschayu ⁇ in tsilind ⁇ iches ⁇ y ⁇ ame ⁇ e with s ⁇ n ⁇ sheniem diame ⁇ a ⁇ ame ⁇ y and diame ⁇ a is ⁇ a ⁇ yaem ⁇ g ⁇ s ⁇ e ⁇ zhnya, ⁇ avn ⁇ mu (10 ⁇ 20): 1. ⁇ ame ⁇ u za ⁇ lnyayu helium, ⁇ ⁇ eimusches ⁇ venn ⁇ , ⁇ i pressure 100 ⁇ 760 ⁇ . ⁇ Continuously supplies power to the direct current in the arc from 50 to 300 ⁇ / mm 2, and is quick to run the appliance.
- Example 2 On the other hand, with a diameter of 85 mm, a large diameter of 6 mm was evaporated at a speed of 6.0 mm / min, a force of 212 ⁇ and a voltage of 40 ⁇ and a pressure of 40 ⁇
- carbon / h which has a 15 average concentration of non-conjugated double bonds of at least one at 6 carbon atoms and 2.95 g of separated carbon with a particle size of 0.25-0.5 mm, 1.6% of ) They are blown with inert gas for 0.5 h to remove air and temperature at 550 ° C, 20 after which they are not supplied with gas.
- the resulting hydrocarbon product contains (in% of mol.)
- the initial investment rate was 54.1%
- the benzene selectivity was 72.6%
- the industrial selectivity was 3.8%
- the selectivity was 1.6%. 19
- Example 7 The conditions of Example 1 were used as a catalyst for 3.0 grams of quartz.
- the hydrocarbon part of the product contained only the non-converted source n-hexane, i.e. irri ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- 550 ° C does not catalyze dehydration, dehydrogenation, cracking and isomerization of n-hexane.
- EXAMPLE 8 Under conditions of Example 1 over 3.0 g of a 3 mm diameter product consisting of a neutral aluminum hydroxide, saturated saturated with 22 ° C of n-heptane was released. The hydrocarbon content of the product was (in% of mol.) Of the original n-heptane 97.5, hydrocarbons C 6 0.4, hydrocarbons C 0.4, carbohydrates C 4 0.3, ethane 0, 0.5 e, 0.5 erana, 0.5 , 1 and methane 0.1. The degree of investment from the original n-heptane was 2.5%. There are no industrial products, there are only products with a number of carbons less than 7, ⁇ . e. products of cracking.
- Example 9 Under conditions of Example 1, we used a catalyst consisting of 0.1 grams of a mixture and 2.9 grams of a mixed starter. Carbohydrate 22 part of the product contained only the non-converted original n-hexane, i.e. The unit, consisting of carbon, at 550 ° C does not catalyze dehydration, dehydrogenation, cracking and measurement of n-hexane.
- a 50 cm ' quartet filled ampoule contained 0.1 g of fullerene C 60 , the ampoule was vacuumed to a constant pressure of 0.01 Sprint ⁇ and started up at 100 ⁇ . ⁇ m ⁇ ulu za ⁇ aivali and vyde ⁇ zhivali in s ⁇ a ⁇ ich 'es ⁇ i ⁇ usl ⁇ viya ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ echenie 530 C for 6 hours.
- reaction products contained, along with not converted, original hexane (43.7%), only C 5 alkanes and Sz-C 5 alkanes, i.e. the hexane conversion ratio was 56.3%, and the selectivity ratio was 100%.
- Example 13 Conditions of Example 1 above catalysis in the form
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5227038A (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-07-13 | William Marsh Rice University | Electric arc process for making fullerenes |
US5336828A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-08-09 | Sri International | Hydrocarbon processing using fullerene catalysts |
FR2710049A1 (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-24 | Armines | Process for the manufacture of fullerenes |
SU1352707A1 (en) * | 1984-10-31 | 1996-07-10 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Технического Углерода | Method to produce carbon carrier for catalyst |
-
2003
- 2003-01-31 RU RU2003103728/04A patent/RU2230611C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2004
- 2004-01-16 WO PCT/RU2004/000018 patent/WO2004067168A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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SU1352707A1 (en) * | 1984-10-31 | 1996-07-10 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Технического Углерода | Method to produce carbon carrier for catalyst |
US5227038A (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-07-13 | William Marsh Rice University | Electric arc process for making fullerenes |
US5336828A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-08-09 | Sri International | Hydrocarbon processing using fullerene catalysts |
FR2710049A1 (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-24 | Armines | Process for the manufacture of fullerenes |
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