WO2004058069A1 - Systeme de test psychologique - Google Patents

Systeme de test psychologique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004058069A1
WO2004058069A1 PCT/GB2003/005665 GB0305665W WO2004058069A1 WO 2004058069 A1 WO2004058069 A1 WO 2004058069A1 GB 0305665 W GB0305665 W GB 0305665W WO 2004058069 A1 WO2004058069 A1 WO 2004058069A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
subject
arena
psychological
constructs
statements
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Application number
PCT/GB2003/005665
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English (en)
Inventor
Simon Patrick Walker
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Human Ecology Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Human Ecology Limited filed Critical Human Ecology Limited
Priority to AU2003290343A priority Critical patent/AU2003290343A1/en
Publication of WO2004058069A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004058069A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and method for psychological testing, and in particular to a novel projective psychometric test.
  • Psychometric tools have been used for 40 years or more to measure accurately and reliably different psychological constructs in individuals. Typical constructs that have been measured are: extroversion- introversion; anxiety; thinking style; poise; hostility or aggression; assertiveness; compliance and many more.
  • the method of data acquisition in these tests also militates against measuring change and development.
  • Data is acquired by asking a subject to 'self-report' using a questionnaire.
  • the questionnaire invites the subject to score or position a series of statements about issues, behaviours or practices. Responses indicate typically the attitude and supposedly the 'personality' (if that is what is being measured) of the subject.
  • the self report statements require a person to be aware of their habitual, usual and historical attitudes to the issue in question. For instance, a statement might be 'I enjoy going out to parties', 'I prefer a quiet evening with a book than going out to a party', 'I enjoy being alone when I am tired' or 'I tend to read the instructions and follow them when making a recipe'. In other words, the statement refers to an actual experience the subject will have had or could have had in their life.
  • the subject scores the statement by referring to their historical memory that relates to that specific contextual event or experience. The subject then may score the statement they feel best describes them with a high score, and use a low score to mark the one that they feel least applies to them.
  • a type of psychological test which aims to investigate the inner psychological state of a subject more deeply is the "projective" psychological test. Projective psychological tests have been around for 50 years. Examples are the Rorschach Inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) which work by giving the subject 'cues' , in these cases visual cues. The tests stimulate the subject to 'project' an idea or a narrative from the cue which reflects an underlying attitude or perception.
  • TAT Thematic Apperception Test
  • the problem with projective tests in general has been their subjectivity of scoring. Their psychometric properties are very poor (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, p460- 62). The tests require interpretation by a very experienced psychologist and the subjects are unable to gauge their psychological state themselves simply by taking the test. Even the assessment by the psychologist is subjective, and does not result in quantitative measurements, thus making the technique unsuitable for psychometric testing.
  • the present invention provides a projective psychological test which is structured and provides quantitative measurements of predefined psychological constructs of the subject. It therefore provides a projective psychometric test.
  • One embodiment of the invention provides a testing system wliich the subject can use, and which stores the scores so that the subject can retake the test and monitor the change in their psychological constructs or drivers over time.
  • the present invention provides a method of psychologically testing a subject comprising: prompting the subject to imagine a mental arena in which to articulate personal psychological attitudes; obtaining from the subject responses based on the effect of the projection of their personal psychological attitudes on the imaginary mental arena; and deriving from the responses a quantitative measurement of each of a plurality of predefined psychological constructs of the subject to provide a psychometric assessment of the subject.
  • the responses from the subject may be obtained by requesting the subject to score each of a plurality of statements about the arena.
  • the subject may score the statements on a numerical scale reflecting the truth of the statement relative to the arena, and preferably the quantitative measurement of each of the predefined psychological constructs is based on the scores of a plurality of these statements.
  • the quantitative measurement of each of the predefined psychological constructs is based on the scores of a plurality of these statements.
  • the same prompt and statements are presented to the subject a number of times, i.e. the subject can take the test a number of times, whereby the quantitative measurements provide a monitor of the psychological state of the subject at those times:
  • the prompt may comprise neutral, context-free cues, such as verbal cues, and which are preferably non-experiential, i.e. they do not refer to specific actual situations faced in the real life of the subject.
  • the scores may be defined on a Likert scale. The subject may be prompted to develop the arena before being asked to provide the responses.
  • the arena is preferably integrated, singular and reflects a coherent set of attitudes. Preferably it is informed by memories, feelings, past experiences and beliefs of the subject.
  • An example of such an arena is an environment, such as a landscape, domestic scene, theatre, movie stage, or the like which the subject can imagine occupying.
  • the arena can comprise a visual or narrative area or story, a script, play, drama, map, journey, adventure, or picture of items, colours and shapes.
  • the predefined psychological constructs preferably form a comprehensive range of psychological constructs relating to the subject's psychological state. They may relate the subject's behaviours, attitudes to themselves and others, and self- concept. They may comprise one or more of: extroversion, empathy, control, drive,- confidence and responsiveness, personality, work styles, thinking styles, assertiveness, aggression, anxiety, openness, inclusion, use of power, team roles, emotional intelligence, fear, happiness, guilt and hope. •
  • the invention is preferable embodied as a system which allows the subject to take the test without intervention by any third party.
  • the invention extends to a system which has an output device for providing the prompt to the subject, an input device for receiving the responses, and a processor for deriving from the input responses the quantitative measurements and storing the quantitative measurements in a database.
  • the quantitative measurements are preferably displayed to the subject on the output device, and preferably a history of previous values of the quantitative measurements are also displayed so that the change over time can be seen.
  • the display may be a graphical display such as a graph, and preferably the subject can control the appearance of the display using the input device.
  • the system can be adapted to allow the subject to supplement the graphical display with comments, which are also stored in the database, or the display may be supplemented with markers which form hyperlinks to other stored data, such as a diary or other text data input by the subject.
  • the system may be adapted to produce a textual report of the psychological state of the user, the report being automatically assembled on the basis of the quantitative measurements, or the raw subject responses, from a library of report components.
  • the system is based on a personal computer, and the invention- may be provided over a communications link, such as the internet, by having the processing and database remote from the subject.
  • the processor and database may be provided on a remote server which delivers the prompts to the user in the form of web pages, the subject's responses are transmitted to the processor which calculates the quantitative measurements, stores the results in the database, and then sends representative data for interpretation and rendering to the subject on the output device.
  • the invention may be embodied in the form of one or more computer ⁇ programs providing the functionality of the various parts of the system. These programs may be stored and executed on computers in different places linked by communication links such as the internet.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 illustrates an example display to a subject of the change in their psychological constructs over time
  • FIG. 3 illustrates schematically the client-server arrangement in one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 schematically illustrates the psychometric projective test methodology of one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 5 schematically illustrates a prior art psychometric test methodology.
  • One embodiment of the present invention which is a web-based psychological testing tool will now be described. This includes a description of a specific embodiment of a projective psychometric test.
  • This invention provides a projective psychological test which is structured and therefore objective and which needs no third-party interpretation.
  • the test is designed to be deployed on-line so it can be taken again and again and is designed to provide ongoing visual results. It therefore provides a monitor for the subject's psychological condition, termed in this embodiment a "Personal Ecology Profile (PEP) Monitor". Because it is objective and can be taken repeatedly, it allows the measurement of change and personal development of the subject.
  • PEP Personal Ecology Profile
  • the test is based on prompting the subject to take a short mental exercise in which they imagine a mental arena, such as an environment they would be comfortable inhabiting, invites them to populate it, such as with objects or people, and then obtains from them responses based on the effect on the arena of the personal psychological attitudes of the subject.
  • the responses are assessed automatically by the system to provide the psychometric measurement of the subject's psychological condition at that time.
  • the mental arena is imagined by the patient in response to a neutral (i.e. context free) cue, and because it can develop over time, it is an effective way to measure change in the subject's condition. This contrasts, therefore, with the context-specific cues used in previous psychometric tests, and the incoherent and unstructured visual cues of previous projective tests.
  • current projective tests such as the TAT may develop over time, because the test does not form a coherent single entity, the development of the subject is difficult to measure and quantify. Development tends to be interpreted by the consultant administering the test, and is therefore subject to the consultant's own subjectivity and change.
  • the present invention removes this unhelpful subjectivity by using a single coherent mental arena introduced each time by the same neutral cues, and a single coherent, consistent set of statements to explore it.
  • the cues are context free, meaning that they do not refer to specific actual situations faced in the real life of the subject, but refer entirely to the imaged mental arena. Because they are context free they do not connect with the context-specific memory of the subject as in the prior art. Instead they connect with another part of the mind - the "unconscious" part. This part of the mind is always changing as it retains an impression of considerably more than is consciously and concretely processed and remembered. Therefore every new experience that the subject has will leave a potentially significant impression in this unconscious part of the mind, which can be regarded as "mental putty". When the subject responds to the cues in the test of the present invention, it is the latest impression made in the "mental putty" which shapes their projection.
  • the projection reflects their on-going subjectivity, and this subjectivity is then hardened by being scored against ' a stable, consistent scale of items.
  • the impression is fixed at that point in time by the PEP Monitor.
  • the PEP Monitor can test for a new impression at a later time and this impression will reflect the new subjectivity of the subject at the later time.
  • Figure 4 in which the subject's inner psychological dynamic is again illustrated as 50 and within which the subject's new experiences 41 at time points Tl, T2, T3 etc together with the subject's previous psychological fears, anxieties, insecurities etc 42 lead to new fears, anxieties and insecurities at time points Tl, T2 and T3 etc which in turn form the subject's present state 44 at those time points.
  • the projective, psychometric test of the present invention provides a series of context free cues 45 at the time points TO, Tl , T2 and T3 which in response to the subject's present state 44 produce the projective responses 46 which consist of different forms of the mental arena, in this case illustrated as different forms of a landscape L0, LI, L2, L3 etc.
  • Providing this on an on-line environment using a measurable self-scoring system allows the removal of the expert or consultant from the process, meaning that any development in the interpretation and scoring of the landscape can be properly and singularly attributed to the subject's own state and change.
  • the remaining fifty-six items investigate seven factor scales or psychological constructs, there being eight items per factor scale.
  • the seven factor scales or psychological constructs are empathy, control, drive, confidence, self-presentation, lateral thinking and responsiveness.
  • Other constructs could be measured, such as personality, work style, thinking style, assertiveness, aggression, anxiety, openness, inclusion, team role, emotional intelligence, fear, happiness, guilt and hope.
  • one type of output is a textual report. This report is assembled automatically on the basis of the responses.
  • Appendix 2 at the end of this description indicates the textual components which can be included in the report on the basis of the scores for the seven psychological constructs. For each of the psychological constructs, two of the paragraphs are selected and included, one on the basis of the score itself (e.g. low, medium or high as defined in Appendix 2), and one based on the amount of change since last time (e.g. up 1, down 1 or change less than 1).
  • the report may, of course, include additional text explaining the significance of the various drivers and explaining how the subject can improve their psychological state, and these parts may be standard, rather than being responsive to the scores.
  • the report presents only five of the constructs, namely Confidence, Empathy, Drive, Control & Responsiveness though obviously all, or a different number could be presented.
  • Responsiveness (1) 5.2 +0.25 [ql l-ql2+ql3-ql4+ql5-ql6+ql7-ql8]
  • Empathy ' (M) -5.2+0.25 (q56-q57+q58-q59+q60-q61+q62-q63)
  • the database 30 at the server is as MySQL 3.23 server database running on a Unix-based Apache server and using PHP server-side scripting language.
  • Macro Media Flash MX (v6) is used for delivery of the graphical data and its display to the subject.
  • the PHP file 32 calculates from the data in the database 30 the representative data to be sent to the Macro Media Flash file 34 at the subject's computer (on the "client side").
  • the Flash file 34 on the subject's side interprets the data and presents it in the graphical form of Figure 2.
  • the system uses dynamic database interaction (in that the newly- added scores are shown along with previous data), it is possible to give the subject control over how the data is presented, for instance the preferred graph style, 2-D, 3- D, colour etc, and textual comments can also be included explaining how the data has changed. Further, the subject can select a period of time and see changes over that time, for example during a period of stress or change in their life.
  • the system also allows the user to add their own comments (e.g. markers) to the graph, by way of a diary or personal commentary on the changes.
  • the markers can be hyperlinked to the diary or commentary, or other stored data.
  • the PEP personality profile involves an imagination game. This game involves no special entertaining ability. If you can remember what happened the last time you went shopping, then you can do this exercise!
  • the PEP has measured your unconscious drivers rather than your exhibited behaviours, it can also plot how these change and develop over time.
  • the PEP provides you with the unique facility to re-test yourself again at any time you choose to measure the level of your drivers at that time. This does NOT mean that your PEP report is merely an instant snapshot of how you happened to feel on the day you did the test; it has accessed much deeper and lasting self-understanding than that.
  • Our unconscious drivers do not, in normal circumstance, change very much over months or even years. They may fluctuate more if we are trying to cope with trauma or crisis in our life, but on the whole they are robust and consistent. That is why we have to invest a great deal of energy and focus if we are to change them at all.
  • the PEP monitor graph (see Figure 2) indicates fluctuations over time in your five main drivers- confidence, responsiveness, empathy, drive and control. Each time you re-test yourself, the graph will have a new point on it and there will be an accompanying short report beneath explaining the significance of the change for each driver. Fluctuations of less than 1 point are regarded as insignificant. Sustained change will be evident if the new level, at least 1 point different, is maintained over a course of months.
  • PEP monitor over the next few months and years to profile the changes in your self confidence over time; hopefully you will begin to see a general upward slope, though there will always be times when anyone's confidence is knocked again.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un test psychométrique projectif basé sur le principe qui consiste à demander à un sujet d'imaginer un paysage mental ou un autre arène mentale, à peupler ce paysage mental ou cette arène mentale, puis à noter plusieurs affirmations relatives au paysage. Les notations permettent de calculer les mesures quantitatives relatives à des constructions psychologiques prédéfinies du sujet, telles que la motivation, la confiance, la réceptivité, l'empathie et la maîtrise. Ce système est mis en ligne, par exemple, sur Internet, les notations des sujets sont stockées dans une base de données du côté serveur et les notations permettent de mettre à jour un écran graphique, et éventuellement textuel, présenté au sujet.
PCT/GB2003/005665 2002-12-30 2003-12-29 Systeme de test psychologique WO2004058069A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003290343A AU2003290343A1 (en) 2002-12-30 2003-12-29 System for psychological testing

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB0230291.7 2002-12-30
GB0230291A GB0230291D0 (en) 2002-12-30 2002-12-30 System and method for psychological testing

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107408353A (zh) * 2015-02-09 2017-11-28 丹尼尔·罗德斯·亨特 用于个人想象力和构思能力的自我评估的方法和系统

Citations (8)

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FR2672201A1 (fr) * 1991-02-06 1992-08-07 Nouguier Jean Procede et dispositif autonome pour la realisation de tests psychometriques et cognitifs et pour l'enregistrement de leurs resultats.
US5882203A (en) * 1995-05-31 1999-03-16 Correa; Elsa I. Method of detecting depression
US5913310A (en) * 1994-05-23 1999-06-22 Health Hero Network, Inc. Method for diagnosis and treatment of psychological and emotional disorders using a microprocessor-based video game
WO1999048074A1 (fr) * 1998-03-18 1999-09-23 Igc Holding Aps Procede et appareil permettant de tester psychologiquement un utilisateur
US6120440A (en) * 1990-09-11 2000-09-19 Goknar; M. Kemal Diagnostic method
WO2001077952A1 (fr) * 2000-04-06 2001-10-18 Bindler Paul R Services psychologiques intelligents et automatises sur reseau
WO2002011102A1 (fr) * 2000-07-27 2002-02-07 Examination Services For Psychology Ltd Appareil et methode pour test psychologique
US20020106617A1 (en) * 1996-03-27 2002-08-08 Techmicro, Inc. Application of multi-media technology to computer administered vocational personnel assessment

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6120440A (en) * 1990-09-11 2000-09-19 Goknar; M. Kemal Diagnostic method
FR2672201A1 (fr) * 1991-02-06 1992-08-07 Nouguier Jean Procede et dispositif autonome pour la realisation de tests psychometriques et cognitifs et pour l'enregistrement de leurs resultats.
US5913310A (en) * 1994-05-23 1999-06-22 Health Hero Network, Inc. Method for diagnosis and treatment of psychological and emotional disorders using a microprocessor-based video game
US5882203A (en) * 1995-05-31 1999-03-16 Correa; Elsa I. Method of detecting depression
US20020106617A1 (en) * 1996-03-27 2002-08-08 Techmicro, Inc. Application of multi-media technology to computer administered vocational personnel assessment
WO1999048074A1 (fr) * 1998-03-18 1999-09-23 Igc Holding Aps Procede et appareil permettant de tester psychologiquement un utilisateur
WO2001077952A1 (fr) * 2000-04-06 2001-10-18 Bindler Paul R Services psychologiques intelligents et automatises sur reseau
WO2002011102A1 (fr) * 2000-07-27 2002-02-07 Examination Services For Psychology Ltd Appareil et methode pour test psychologique

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107408353A (zh) * 2015-02-09 2017-11-28 丹尼尔·罗德斯·亨特 用于个人想象力和构思能力的自我评估的方法和系统
US10482782B2 (en) 2015-02-09 2019-11-19 Daniel Rhodes Hunter Methods and systems for self-assessment of individual imagination and ideation
CN107408353B (zh) * 2015-02-09 2019-12-06 丹尼尔·罗德斯·亨特 用于个人想象力和构思能力的自我评估的方法和系统

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GB0230291D0 (en) 2003-02-05

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