Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
  • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
  • H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
  • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
  • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
  • H04W52/0219—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
  • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
  • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
  • H04W52/0245—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal according to signal strength
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
  • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
  • H04W52/0261—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W60/00—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W68/00—User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
  • H04W68/12—Inter-network notification
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
  • H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
  • H04W88/182—Network node acting on behalf of an other network entity, e.g. proxy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
  • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
  • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

• the invention relates to a communication system and method of idle state support therefor and in particular to support of communication units of a cellular communication system in a reduced functionality quiescent state.
• FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of a conventional cellular communication system 100 in accordance with prior art.
• a geographical region is divided into a number of cells 101, 103, 105, 107 each of which is served by base station 109, 111, 113, 115.
• the base stations are interconnected by a fixed network which can communicate data between the base stations 101, 103, 105, 107.
• a mobile station is served via a radio communication link by the base station of the cell within which the mobile station is situated.
• mobile station 117 is served by base station 109 over radio link 119
• mobile station 121 is served by base station 111 over radio link 123 and so on.
• mobile station 125 may move from the coverage of one base station to the coverage of another, i.e. from one cell to another.
• mobile station 125 is initially served by base station 113 over radio link 127.
• base station 115 As it moves towards base station 115 it enters a region of overlapping coverage of the two base stations 111 and 113 and within this overlap region it changes to be supported by base station 115 over radio link 129.
• base station 115 As the mobile station 125 moves further into cell 107, it continues to be supported by base station 115. This is known as a handover or handoff of a mobile station between cells.
• a typical cellular communication system extends coverage over typically an entire country and comprises hundred or even thousands of cells supporting thousands or even millions of mobile stations.
• Communication from a mobile station to a base station is known as uplink, and communication from a base station to a mobile station is known as downlink.
• the fixed network interconnecting the base stations is operable to route data between any two base stations, thereby enabling a mobile station in a cell to communicate with a mobile station in any other cell.
• the fixed network comprises gateway functions for interconnecting to external networks such as the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), thereby allowing mobile stations to communicate with landline telephones and other communication terminals connected by a landline.
• PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
• the fixed network comprises much of the functionality required for managing a conventional cellular communication network including functionality for routing data, admission control, resource allocation, subscriber billing, mobile station authentication etc.
• GSM Global System for Mobile communication
• TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
• a base station may be allocated a single carrier or a multiple of carriers.
• One carrier is used for a pilot signal which further contains broadcast information. This carrier is used by mobile stations for measuring of the signal level of transmissions from different base stations, and the obtained information is used for determining a suitable serving cell during initial access or handovers.
• Further description of the GSM TDMA communication system can be found in 'The GSM System for Mobile Communications' by Michel Mouly and Marie Bernadette Pautet, Bay Foreign Language Books, 1992, ISBN 2950719007.
• 3 rd generation systems are being rolled out to further enhance the communication services provided to mobile users.
• the most widely adopted 3 rd generation communication systems are based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wherein user separation is obtained by allocating different spreading and scrambling codes to different users on the same carrier frequency.
• the transmissions are spread by multiplication with the allocated codes thereby causing the signal to be spread over a wide bandwidth.
• the codes are used to de -spread the received signal thereby regenerating the original signal.
• Each base station has a code dedicated for a pilot and broadcast signal, and as for GSM this is used for measurements of multiple cells in order to determine a serving cell.
• UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
• CDMA Wideband CDMA
• WCDMA Wideband CDMA
• the mobile stations of a mobile communication system typically do not have a permanent and unlimited available power source. Rather, a conventional mobile station receives power from a small rechargeable battery pack. Such battery packs need to be recharged at regular intervals, which provides a significant inconvenience to the user. Additionally, the user risks that the battery of the mobile station may discharge thereby preventing normal operation of the mobile station. This may prevent the user from both receiving and making calls. Consequently, one of the main parameters for a mobile station for use in a cellular communication system is the battery life between recharging, typically measured as a number of operational hours of the mobile station in different operating modes.
• a mobile station is not completely inactive when not involved in a call. Rather, when a mobile station is switched on but not participating in a call, it is in what is known as an idle state. During this idle state, the telephone performs a number of functions including monitoring for paging messages indicating an incoming call, performing location updates and measuring signal strengths of surrounding base stations. The latter two functions support mobility management for the mobile station in idle state, allowing the user to move between cells.
• the idle state thus supports the mobility of a user when not in a call.
• a significant disadvantage of the idle state is that the functionality requires significant parts of the mobile station to be powered up thereby consuming power.
• a number of different techniques have been developed in order to reduce power consumption in both the idle and active state.
• this reduction in power consumption has been offset by a desire to continually reduce the size of mobile stations and consequently the size of the battery packs. Therefore, battery life is still significantly limited.
• new 3 rd generation networks such as UMTS, and wireless local area networking systems
• new multimode wireless handsets are beginning to appear that can work with more than one type of network system. These multimode terminals may have to perform idle state monitoring of several of these network systems simultaneously thereby increasing the power demands on the battery during the idle state.
• an improved system for reducing power consumption and increasing battery life would be a significant advantage.
• the Invention seeks to mitigate, alleviate or eliminate one or more of the above mentioned disadvantages singly or in any combination
• a communication system comprising a fixed network supporting a plurality of communication units; the communication system comprising: a first communication unit operable to enter a quiescent state! and a second communication unit operable to enter a support state wherein the second communication unit supports the first communication unit in the quiescent state by communicating with the fixed network to perform idle state management functionality associated with the first communication unit.
• the first communication unit may power down unused circuitry and/or operate circuitry in reduced resource consumption states, for example by running processors of the communication unit at lower frequencies.
• the communication system is a cellular communication system.
• the fixed network comprises a proxy processor operable to provide an interface between the fixed network and the second communication unit when operating in the support state such as to provide an idle state management interface to the fixed network for the first communication unit.
• the proxy processor may for example be provided as a functionality embedded in an existing network element or may be a separate or distributed element.
• the proxy processor can provide the advantage of providing the interface to the communication system by which the first communication unit can be supported by the second communication unit.
• the existing functionality of the communication system need not be affected by the first communication unit being supported by the second communication unit.
• a standard communication system can easily be modified to provide the advantages of the invention simply by adding an additional proxy processor.
• the proxy processor is operable to intercept messages from the fixed network addressed to the first communication unit and to communicate the intercepted messages to the second communication unit.
• the invention allows for messages addressed to the first communication unit to be detected and redirected to the second communication unit by the proxy detector.
• other elements of the communication system may operate independently of and without any knowledge of whether the first communication unit is in an idle state or a further reduced quiescent state, wherein it is supported by the second communication unit. This significantly facilitates implementation of a first communication unit being supported by a second communication unit in a communication system as it allows that only one or some network elements are operable to support this functionality.
• the intercepted messages comprise a call activation message.
• a call can be initiated without consideration of whether the called party is in an idle state or a quiescent state. It allows for the first communication unit to be activated from the quiescent state when called, as the activation can be provided to the first communication unit through the proxy server and the second communication unit.
• the second communication unit comprises a measurement unit for performing idle state radio environment measurements for the first communication unit when in the quiescent state.
• the second communication unit may perform some or all of the measurements required by the first communication unit in the idle state.
• the second communication unit may communicate the measurements to the first communication unit for further processing.
• the second communication unit may communicate the measurements to the fixed network for further processing.
• the first communication unit may further reduce the power consumption and may specifically power down measurement circuitry required by the first communication unit in an unsupported idle state.
• each of the first and second communication units comprises a short range wireless communication element operable to establish a short range communication link between the first and second communication unit. This allows for communication to be exchanged between the first and second communication unit without having to communicate through the communication system. As the communication is short range highly efficient communication can be used with specifically low transmission powers and thus low power consumption.
• the first communication unit in the quiescent state is operable only to communicate on the short range communication link. This allows for the power consumption of the first communication unit to be reduced. Also, communication only over short range communication links ensures that the fist and second communication units are relatively close and therefore increases probability that any characteristics such as propagation characteristics determined for the second communication unit will be highly correlated with the corresponding characteristics of the first communication unit.
• the second communication unit is operable to enter the support state in response to a support request message received from the first communication unit over the short range communication link. This allows for the advantage of the first communication unit being able to control whether to enter the quiescent state or not. It furthermore allows for the first communication unit to monitor for suitable communication units that may be used as supporting communication units, and to request support from any suitable communication units found.
• idle state control plane messages associated with the first communication unit are communicated over the short range communication link. This provides for a low power consumption and highly reliable link to be used for maintaining the first communication unit in a quiescent state while being supported as an idle state mobile. It furthermore provides for the first communication unit to have information of the processing in the fixed network as well as to respond to or issue suitable control messages.
• idle state call management messages associated with the first communication unit are communicated over the short range communication link. This allows for the first communication unit to be an active part of the call management while remaining in the quiescent state.
• idle state mobility management messages associated with the first communication unit are communicated over the short range communication link. This allows for the first communication unit to be an active part of the communication system while remaining in the quiescent state.
• the first communication unit is operable to transmit control messages over the short range communication link
• the second communication unit is operable to operate in response to the control messages of the first communication unit. This allows for the second communication unit to perform functions requested and/or controlled by the first communication unit. It also allows for messages and requests to be communicated to the fixed network at the instigation of the first communication unit.
• the second communication unit is operable to, upon receiving a call activation message for the first communication unit, forwarding the call activation message to the first communication unit over the short range communication link, and the first communication unit is operable to exit the quiescent state upon receiving the call activation message.
• the idle state management functionality associated with the first communication unit comprises performing location updates.
• the first communication unit is operable to power down an air interface communication element for the communication system when in the quiescent state. This provides the advantage of allowing for the power consumption of the first communication unit to be reduced significantly when in the quiescent state.
• the second communication unit when in the support state, is operable to support a plurality of communication units in a quiescent state.
• a single communication unit is preferably operable to support a number of communication units in a quiescent state.
• the power consumption of a number of communication units is therefore reduced.
• a number of functions, such as idle state measurements will be common for a plurality of communication units located within a sufficiently short range, and therefore an overall reduction in power consumption and complexity may be achieved by performing these functions centrally.
• the fixed network may comprise a plurality of sub-networks and the first and second communication unit may be associated with different sub-networks.
• the quiescent state of the first communication unit may be supported by a second communication unit of a second network thereby increasing the number of available communication units that may be used as support communication units.
• the different sub-networks may for example be a 3rd Generation network and a 2nd Generation network and more specifically a first sub-network may be a UMTS network and a second sub-network may be a GSM network.
• the proxy processor is external to a first sub -network associated with the first communication unit, and the first sub-network is operatively coupled to the proxy processor through a gateway of the first sub-network.
• the second communication unit is operable to enter a quiescent state! and the first communication unit is operable to enter a support state wherein the first communication unit supports the second communication unit in the quiescent state by communicating with the fixed network to perform idle state management functionality associated with the first communication unit.' and wherein the first and second communication unit alternate between being in the quiescent state and the support state.
• a number of communication units in close proximity may take turns to act on behalf of the others units which enter the quiescent state. From time to time, the supporting communication unit will offer the other units a chance to come out of the quiescent state and take over on behalf of the group. This allows for the power consumption associated with acting as a supporting communication unit to be distributed over a plurality of communication units.
• a communication unit for a communication system having a fixed network supporting a plurality of communication units including at least a first communication unit operable to enter a quiescent state! the communication unit comprising: means for entering a support state wherein the communication unit supports the first communication unit in the quiescent state by communicating with the fixed network to perform idle state management functionality associated with the first communication unit.
• a method of idle state support for a communication system comprising a fixed network supporting a plurality of communication units! the method comprising the steps of: entering a first communication unit into a quiescent state! and entering a second communication unit into a support state wherein the second communication unit supports the first communication unit in the quiescent state by communicating with the fixed network to perform idle state management functionality associated with the first communication unit.
• FIG. 1 is an illustration of a cellular communication system in accordance with the prior art!
• FIG. 2 is an illustration of a communication system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 3 is an illustration of a fixed network of a cellular communication system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2 is an illustration of a communication system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• a fixed network comprises a plurality of base stations 209, 211, 213, 215 each defining a cell 201, 203, 205, 207 .
• the fixed network further comprises other network elements (not shown) required or desired for the operation of a cellular communication system including network elements for connecting base stations, interfacing to other communication systems, and operating and managing the communication system.
• RNCs Radio Network Controllers
• MSCs Mobile Switch Centres
• SGSNs and GGSNs Serving or Gateway GPRS Support nodes
• a GSM fixed network typically comprises a number of Base Station Controllers (BSCs), MSCs and possibly SGSNs and GGSNs.
• one cell 201 comprises three communication units 217, 219, 221 supported by the base station 209 of the cell 201.
• a communication unit may be any communication unit having functionality for communicating with a cellular communication system.
• a communication unit may thus typically be a wireless user equipment, a mobile station, a communication terminal, a personal digital assistant, a laptop computer, an embedded communication processor, or any communication element having individual means for communicating over the cellular air interface.
• the communication units 217, 219, 221 of FIG. 2 are currently actively involved in a call.
• the communication units 217, 219, 221 would be in an idle state.
• the communication units are not communicating any user data with the fixed network.
• communication units in idle state are registered on the fixed network such that the fixed network is aware of the availability of the communication units.
• the fixed network further operates mobility management of communication units in an idle state.
• this includes location updates wherein information held in the fixed network relating to the location of the communication units is updated to reflect that a communication unit has moved.
• the location information is typically not a specific geographical location, but rather information related to which cell the communication unit is in, and thus which base station it is supported by.
• a communication unit in idle state further performs a number of operations including:
• the commumcation unit periodically monitors the broadcast and paging channels of the base station it is currently attached to.
• the communication unit also scans for the broadcast channels of other base stations and decodes identification information of the detected base stations. It furthermore performs measurements of the link quality of these received base station signals.
• the communication unit If the communication unit discovers that the location identity of the base station it is now monitoring is different to the one it is currently registered with, it will perform a location update to tell the network it has moved location area.
• the communication unit will also camp on one of the systems. If the link quality to the camped on system degrades sufficiently, and there are no alternative base stations around for that system, the communication unit may switch to another base station technology and camp on that system. This will require communication with the fixed network.
• one of the functions of a UMTS or GSM communication unit in an idle state is to monitor a paging channel. Paging messages on this channel are decoded to detect if the paging message is addressed to the communication unit. If so, the communication unit switches to an active state, and a call set-up process is initiated. In order to receive the paging messages and to facilitate a fast call set-up, the communication unit further maintains synchronisation with the serving base station. The synchronisation is obtained from detection of synchronisation frames transmitted on the pilot signal of the serving base station.
• a UMTS or GSM communication unit may further exchange various control messages with the fixed network during the idle state operation.
• one communication unit 217 is in an idle state and thus performs the required functionality and operations specified for a communication unit in idle state.
• the fixed network of the cellular communication system thus communicates and interfaces with the communication unit 217 as specified in the technical specifications for idle state operation.
• the communication unit 217 further provides support functionality for the two other illustrated communication units 219, 221.
• these two communication units 219, 221 are not independently supporting the total idle state functionality prescribed for a communication unit in idle state. Rather, the two communication units 219, 221 are in a quiescent state, which in the preferred embodiment is a non-active state wherein the communication units 219, 221 perform reduced idle state functionality.
• the quiescent state communication units 219, 221 may perform none, some or most of the idle state functionality prescribed for an idle state communication unit.
• the idle state communication unit 217 functions as a support communication unit providing additional idle state functionality on behalf of the two quiescent state communication units 219, 221.
• the total functionality required in idle state is not performed individually by the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 but by the combination of functionality performed by the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 and the supporting communication unit 217.
• the supporting communication unit 217 may perform all the idle state functionahty required for the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221.
• the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 performs none or reduced idle state functionahty and the missing functionality is made up for by the supporting communication unit 217.
• the quiescent state of a communication unit is thus a state wherein reduced idle state functionality of the communication unit is performed.
• the reduced functionality is one associated with reduced power consumption. Specifically, no idle state functionality may be performed.
• the quiescent state may not be standardised but can for example be a proprietary state for a given manufacturer.
• the supporting communication unit 217 thus provides one or more idle functions on behalf of one or more of the quiescent state communication units 219, 221.
• the supporting communication unit 217 may perform measurements of the radio environment and communicate these to the communication unit 219, 221 in the quiescent state.
• the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 may then make idle mode processing decisions.
• the supporting communication unit 217 may perform the processing and decisions on behalf of the quiscent state communication units 219, 221. For example, it may determine that a location update is necessary and perform this by communicating with the fixed network.
• the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 may perform all other idle state functionality including communicating with the cellular communication system to transmit other messages or to receive messages. Specifically, the communication involved in a handover may be directly between the fixed network and the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221.
• both the supporting and quiescent state communication units 217, 219, 221 comprises short range wireless communication functionality for establishing a short range communication link 223, 225 between the supporting 217 and quiescent state communication units 219, 221.
• each of the communication units 217, 219, 221 comprises a Bluetooth transmitter and receiver.
• the Bluetooth communication standard has been developed for short range communication for ad-hoc networks, wherein communication links can be set up dynamically and quickly.
• a Bluetooth connection is highly suitable for communication between close cellular communication units, as it provides for a high data rate communication with low error rate and low power consumption.
• the range of a Bluetooth connection is in the order of 10m, and therefore when a communication link can be set up between two communication units they will inevitably be close. Consequently, there will be a high probability that radio environment measurements made by one communication unit will also be representative for the other communication unit.
• any suitable short range communication standard or technique can be used including for example the WiFi, IEEE 802.11a or 802.11b protocols.
• a communication unit 219, 221 in the quiescent state is operable only to communicate on the short range communication link 223, 225.
• the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 does not communicate directly with the fixed network but only through the short range communication link 223, 225. Consequently, the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221may power down all circuitry associated with the communication over the cellular air interface. For a typical communication unit, this results in a very significant reduction in power consumption and thus a significant increase in the battery life of the communication unit.
• all communication over the cellular air interface related to a quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 is performed by the supporting communication unit 217. Any, information required by or from the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 is communicated over the short range communication link 223, 225, For example, if the fixed communication system requires specific subscriber information from the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221, the supporting communication unit 217 will transmit a request for this information over the short range air interface 223, 225. The quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 will in response retrieve the required information and communicate it back to the supporting communication unit 217 over the short range air interface 223,225.
• idle state control plane messages associated with the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 are communicated over the short range air interface 223,225.
• control functionality of the idle state can be maintained substantially unaltered even though the idle state functionality is maintained through the supporting communication unit 217.
• Examples of such control plane messages for a UMTS cellular communication system include paging messages, location updates, authentication challenges, detach messages, cell broadcast messages (including cell broadcast SMS).
• idle state call management messages initiated by the network are communicated over the short range communication link 223, 225.
• Such idle state call management messages include paging messages or service inquiries.
• a UMTS communication system when the network is attempting to setup a connection to the communication unit 219, it will initiate a paging message addressed to communication unit 219, which is broadcast on a base station paging channel.
• Commumcation unit 217 will decode this message and forward it to communication unit 219.
• Communication unit 219 will then exit quiescent mode, and respond directly to the network in response to the paging message by setting up a Radio Resource connection as normal.
• Idle state call management messages initiated by communication unit 219, 221 are communicated directly by the relevant communication unit. This communication unit will first exit the quiescent state and then communicate with the network directly using the normal protocols.
• idle state mobility management messages for the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 are communicated over the short range communication link 223, 225.
• mobility management messages associated with changing the serving cell are exchanged by the supporting communication unit 217 on behalf of the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221.
• the messages are further communicated between the supporting communication unit 217 and the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 over the short range communication link 223, 225.
• the fixed network receives and transmits idle state mobility management messages as if it was communicating directly with the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 in an idle state.
• the messages are transmitted to and received from the supporting communication unit 217.
• all messages will be communicated over the short range communication link 223, 225 but in other embodiments or situations only a subset of messages are transmitted to the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 or are received from the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221.
• the majority of mobility messages are generated and processed by the supporting communication unit 217 and messages are only communicated over the short range air interface 223, 225 when required.
• messages relating to communication units 219, 221 in idle mode, that do not require authentication of either 219 or 221 may be automatically handled by communication unit 217.
• Messages that require 219 or 221 to be authenticated may be passed to these units by 217 for this authentication process to be performed, before the response is relayed back to the network via communication unit 217.
• communication unit 217 will perform all of the active monitoring of the radio environment, and transmission of radio messages on behalf of communication units 219, 221. However, the processing of idle state messages for 219 and 221 is still performed by 219 and 221 themselves. Communication unit 217 will inform, via the short- range communication link, 219 or 221 that an idle mode communication is required, and any supporting information relating to that communication message (such as details of the current radio measurements made by unit 217). Communication unit 219 or 221 will then create the necessary idle mode message, even though these units are still in quiescent mode, and send the constructed message to unit 217 over the short-range link. Communication unit 217 will relay this received message to the network on behalf of units 219 or 221.
• communication unit 217 will perform all of the active monitoring of the radio environment on behalf of communication units 219, 221. However if an idle mode communication to the network is required by units 219 or 221, then these will be performed by communication units 219 or 221 themselves, who will exit the quiescent state for the duration of this communication. This process may be instigated by a message sent to 219 or 221 from 217, or by 219, 221 themselves.
• the idle state management functionality performed by the supporting communication unit 217 for the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 comprises performing location updates.
• the supporting communication unit 217 detects that it has moved, and that it is still in communication with the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221, it can be assumed that the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 has moved together with the supporting communication unit 217.
• the supporting and quiescent state communication units 217, 219, 221 may typically belong to the same person and thus move in a correlated way (for example, they may be carried by the same user).
• the supporting communication unit 217 detects that it has moved, it performs a location update for both the supporting communication unit 217 itself as well as for the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221.
• the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 may provide control input to the supporting communication unit 217.
• the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221 is operable to transmit control messages over the short range communication link 223, 225
• the supporting communication unit 217 is operable to operate in response to the control messages of the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221.
• the control messages may be direct control messages prescribing a specific operation of the supporting communication unit 217, or may be parameters or other information that may affect the operation of the supporting communication unit 217, for example by affecting a decision criterion.
• a communication unit in idle state will monitor the Bluetooth communication system to detect if there are any communication units available, which are capable of operating as a supporting communication unit. Specifically, it may transmit a general request message inquiring if any suitable communication units are within range.
• a suitable communication unit will comprise functionality for receiving this request message and in response generating an acknowledgement message comprising identification data. Upon receiving this message, the first communication unit will establish the short range communication link to the identified communication unit, exchange the required information and subsequently enter the quiescent state.
• the quiescent state communication unit may exit the quiescent state in any suitable way. Typically, the quiescent state communication unit will exit the quiescent state when becoming involved in a communication service over the cellular communication system, or if the link between the quiescent unit and its supporting communication unit degrades unacceptably. If the communication service is instigated by the quiescent state communication unit, it transmits an exit message to the supporting communication unit over the short range communication link. The exit message causes the supporting communication unit to cease to support the quiescent state communication unit, which subsequently enters and active state. If the short-range communication link between the units is terminated before the quiescent mode has been specifically exited, then both the devices will detect this condition, and both will autonomously exit the quiescent state and quiescent support state.
• the supporting communication unit may send to the quiescent communication unit information that may help it synchronise with the network and enter idle mode more quickly.
• This information could include the current base station identity, frequency, timing advance and frame time information, access codes and CDMA codes.
• the messages communicated over the short range communication comprise the minimum information required for the quiescent state communication unit to enter an active state, wherein it can support a communication service.
• the information communicated is sufficient for the quiescent state communication unit to enter this active state as easily and speedily as it would from a conventional independent idle state.
• the supporting unit may also send to the quiescent mode communication unit a reason for why this mode is being terminated, and may also append the message received from the network that caused the exit of the quiescent mode.
• An example of such a message is a paging message indicating call setup.
• the quiescent mode communication unit can synchronise back to idle state, and pass the received network message to its normal call processing software as if it had directly received it from the network as normal.
• the supporting communication unit detects that it has received a call activation message on behalf of the quiescent state communication unit. It then forwards the call activation message to the quiescent state communication unit over the short range communication link. The supporting communication unit then exits the supporting state for the quiescent state communication unit. Upon receiving the call activation message, the quiescent state communication unit exits the quiescent state and enters an active state.
• the call activation message of the short range communication link may be identical with the call activation message on the cellular air interface, or any suitable call activation message may be used.
• network elements of the cellular communication system are adapted to communicate with a supporting communication unit for a communication unit in a quiescent state.
• the network elements may have dedicated functionality for this purpose including means for redirecting messages or for generating alternative messages for supporting communication units.
• one or more network elements supporting a non-active communication unit does not have dedicated functionality or knowledge of whether a given communication unit is in a idle state or a quiescent state. Indeed, some or most network elements may not have any knowledge that a possibiUty of a communication unit entering a quiescent state even exists.
• Such an embodiment may comprise means for intercepting messages for a communication unit in a quiescent state and redirecting these to the supporting communication unit.
• the supporting communication unit may itself be operable to receive air interface messages directed to the quiescent state communication unit.
• the fixed network may comprise additional functionality for intercepting messages in order to enable or facilitate the deployment of a supporting communication unit.
• FIG. 3 is an illustration of a fixed network of a cellular communication system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• the fixed network comprises the four base stations 201, 203, 205, 207 and three communication units 217, 219, 221 of the example of FIG. 2.
• One of the communication units 217 acts as a supporting communication unit for the two other communication units 219, 221.
• Two of the base stations 201, 203 are connected to a first Radio Network Controller (RNC) 301.
• the two other base stations 205, 207 are connected to a second RNC 303.
• the RNCs 301, 303 are connected to a Mobile Switch Centre (MSC).
• the base stations 201, 203, 205, 207, the RNCs 301, 303 and the MSC 305 are all standard UMTS network elements comprising no dedicated functionality for supporting a communication unit supporting another communication unit in a quiescent state.
• Each of the RNCs 301, 303 are coupled to a proxy processor 307, 309.
• the proxy operator provides an interface between the fixed network and the supporting communication unit 217.
• the proxy processor 307 provides an idle state management interface to the fixed network for the quiescent state communication unit 219, 221.
• the proxy processor 307 and the supporting communication unit 217 together provide idle state management functionality for the quiescent state communication units 219, 221.
• the proxy processor 307 may communicate with the supporting communication unit 217 through the cellular communication system.
• the proxy processor 307 and the supporting communication unit 217 may communicate using any suitable protocol and specifically they may exchange all information required for the idle state management function of the quiescent state communication units 221, 223.
• the proxy processor 307 monitors the communication from and to the RNC 301. Whenever a communication is detected that is directed to the quiescent state communication units 219, 2 1, it is intercepted and transmitted to the supporting communication unit 217. likewise, whenever a communication is received from the supporting communication unit 217, this is converted to a suitable communication format and fed to the RNC 301. Specifically, it is fed to the RNC 301 such that the RNC 301 processes it in exactly the same way as it would the corresponding message from an idle state communication unit. In this way, both base stations, RNCs and the MSC function in a conventional way without any consideration of the presence of supporting or quiescent state communication units.
• a call may be initiated for a quiescent state communication unit 219 through the MSC 305. This will cause a paging message to be generated for the quiescent state communication unit 219. This may be processed by the RNC 301 and transmitted by the base station 201. However, as the communication unit 219 is in a quiescent state, it will be ignored by the communication unit 219. Nevertheless, the paging message will be intercepted by the proxy processor 307, which will forward it to the supporting communication unit 217. Upon receiving the call activation message, the supporting communication unit 217 will forward it to the quiescent state communication unit 219, which will then enter an active state and initiate call set-up exactly as if it had received the original paging message.
• the proxy processor not only communicates with the supporting communication unit but may also itself perform some of the idle state functionality and processing associated with a quiescent state communication unit.
• Proxy Processor 307 may detect the normal idle state messages from communication unit 217. However if Proxy Processor 307 knows that communication unit 217 is supporting the quiescent state of units 219 and 221, then 307 could perform the idle state procedures on behalf of 219 and 221 without further intervention from 217. If Proxy Processor 307 is trusted by the mobility management protocols of the mobile networks controlling units 219 and 221, authentication issues of the proxy process can be avoided.
• the cellular communication system comprises a plurality of sub-networks.
• a cellular communication system may be a combination of a 2nd Generation communication system and a 3rd Generation communication system.
• a cellular communication system may comprise both a GSM cellular communication system and a UMTS cellular communication system.
• a given communication unit may be capable of communication on only one of the GSM and UMTS communication systems or on both communication systems.
• the fixed network will thus comprise a GSM sub-network and a UMTS sub-network. Typically, some network elements will be shared between the two sub-networks.
• the supporting and quiescent state communication units may be associated with different sub-networks.
• the quiescent state communication unit may be a GSM communication unit whereas the supporting communication unit may be a UMTS communication unit.
• the supporting communication unit communicates with a proxy processor that is associated with both the GSM and UMTS communication network.
• the proxy processor intercepts a GSM message for the GSM quiescent state communication unit, it communicates this message to the UMTS supporting communication unit through the UMTS communication system.
• the UMTS supporting communication unit may generate a message in reply to the received message, and communicate this to the proxy processor.
• the proxy processor converts this to an appropriate GSM message and feeds it to the GSM sub -network.
• the different sub -networks may comprise different technologies and/or be differentiated administratively, for example by having different network operators.
• the proxy processor may directly be interfacing with the mobility management functionality of one, more or all sub-networks. Specifically, it may be an integrated part of the network or sub -network it is serving. In other embodiments, the proxy processor may be external to one, more or all of the sub-networks. The proxy processor may in this case be accessed through a suitable gateway or suitable interface function. In some embodiments, the proxy processor may emulate a different network with respect to one or more of the sub -networks, and supporting of a communication unit through the proxy processor is similar to a roaming situation with a different network.
• most communication units are operable both to enter into a quiescent state and a supporting state.
• a group of communication units may alternate between being supporting and quiescent state communication units.
• a cyclical scheme of operation may be implemented.
• each communication unit When connected by means of the short range communication network, each communication unit will have communicated it's ability to act as a proxy on behalf of the others.
• One communication unit will be elected to be the supporting communication unit according to criteria such as-" the communication unit with the longest available battery life, the communication unit with the longest time since it entered proxy mode.
• This communication unit will enter the supporting state for a period of time whilst the other devices will enter the quiescent state.
• This period of time for acting as a supporting communication unit may be a fixed time, or depend on other criteria such as battery life remaining. Once this time expires, the communication unit will offer to exit the supporting state and the negotiation of who should take over the supporting state will be renegotiated between the communication units.
• the supporting state negotiation process may be repeated any time a new device joins or leaves the local communication network.
• a single communication unit may be capable of accessing more than one of the available sub-networks, and this invention may be used internally to put some sub-network modes of the communication unit into a low power quiescent state, thus only keeping a smaller proportion of the communication unit's capabilities in the idle state.
• a group of multimode communication units which can talk to each other via a local short-range network, may distribute amongst themselves the job of monitoring all of the different network technologies that need to be monitored. For example, consider three communication units that can each access three different radio communication technologies that need idle state monitoring. Each unit could be set to only monitor one radio interface and place the other two interfaces into a quiescent state. For the radio interface the communication unit is monitoring, it does so on behalf of the other two units, which are in quiescent mode for this interface type, and vice-versa.
• the invention can be implemented in any suitable form including hardware, software, firmware or any combination of these.
• the proxy processor of the invention is implemented as computer software running on one or more data processors.
• Various elements and components of an embodiment of the invention may be located in a communication unit, the core network, the radio access network and/or any suitable physical or functional location. Indeed the functionality may be implemented in a single unit, in a plurality of units or as part of other functional units. As such, the invention may be implemented in a single unit or may be physically and functionally distributed in the communication system and/or the communication units.

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• 2002
  • 2002-12-17 GB GB0229425A patent/GB2396525B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2003
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  • 2003-12-05 AU AU2003298346A patent/AU2003298346A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-12-05 WO PCT/EP2003/050949 patent/WO2004056143A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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