WO2004055275A1 - System for the continuous excavation of cut-off walls - Google Patents

System for the continuous excavation of cut-off walls Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004055275A1
WO2004055275A1 PCT/ES2003/000640 ES0300640W WO2004055275A1 WO 2004055275 A1 WO2004055275 A1 WO 2004055275A1 ES 0300640 W ES0300640 W ES 0300640W WO 2004055275 A1 WO2004055275 A1 WO 2004055275A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
excavation
jaws
bucket
transport
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2003/000640
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jaime Rodrigo Reguera Suárez
Esteban CASADO GARCÍA
Juan Pablo Sancho Marco
Original Assignee
Rodio Cimentaciones Especiales, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ES200202909A external-priority patent/ES2220199B1/en
Application filed by Rodio Cimentaciones Especiales, S.A. filed Critical Rodio Cimentaciones Especiales, S.A.
Priority to EP03785963A priority Critical patent/EP1586710A1/en
Publication of WO2004055275A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004055275A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E02F3/40—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets
    • E02F3/413—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets with grabbing device
    • E02F3/4138—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets with grabbing device the grab being emptied by flushing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system of continuous excavation of screen walls, the purpose of which is to dig the ground and extract it to the surface, without interruptions during the process.
  • the system is designed so that the extracted material is compact and free of the bentonite sludge that is used during the excavation on which the wall or screen is to be made, so that this solid material extracted and compacted is a true inert for the purpose of spillage and not dangerous from an environmental point of view.
  • the screen walls are usually made by cranes equipped with spoons that excavate and extract the ground to the surface.
  • the excavated hole is filled with bentonite sludge, from in such a way that the land extracted and mixed with the bentonite mud is loaded in trucks that transport it to landfills of inert, process that raises various problems, being able to mention as more important the following:
  • the excavated terrain transports all existing pollutants in the subsoil and they are dissolved in the ground water.
  • hydrofore is a hydraulic drive system, rather than drilling than excavation, so that the ground is reduced by mechanical breakage to smaller sizes that are mixed with the bentonite mud to be transported to the surface by hydraulic means.
  • the mixing with the mentioned sludge is even superior to the traditional spoon and so is the mixing of the pollutants in the soil, as the washing is increased due to the greater disintegration of the materials and the surface transport system itself.
  • the spoon system referred to first is hydraulic or even mechanical and is currently the most used, while the hydrophobic system is most frequently applied in rock or hard formations.
  • the system of the invention is based on extracting the material, compacted and released from the bentonite sludge, even from a part of the land's own water, thereby achieving greater ease in transport and waste without contaminants or added liquids, thus as an estimated 10% decrease in the amount of waste from bentonite mud.
  • Another important advantage is to extract the ground without moving the bucket to the surface, significantly increasing the yield.
  • the system of the invention is based on the use of a bucket with jaws, but with innovations that consist in placing in the jaws some loading means, which transfer the ground inside the jaws to a loading chamber.
  • a pre-filtering chamber is provided in which the soil is compressed to the material that is excavated and extracted.
  • a transport subsystem to the surface of the pressed material is included at the exit of the pre-filtering chamber.
  • This system is formed by a vertical conveyor in endless circuit, which can be constituted by a tubular belt, a bucket system, etc., being provided in any case to continuously transport the solid and compressed material that is removed, without having to transport the spoon to the surface, unload on a truck, drive back to the workplace, etc.
  • said presofiltration chamber is materialized in a loading chamber, equipped with anti-return gates, so that by means of a vertical movement of the jaws it is possible to introduce the ground in said chamber where, due to the pressure and given its configuration with filter zones, the ascending liquid is eliminated, thus achieving that the ground is consolidated and arranged for transport.
  • the loading chamber is also expanded by cylinders, to receive the ground extracted from the jaws, specifically thanks to the existence in said chamber of a lower entrance gate that is open in said moment and an exit gate which in turn is closed, the position of said gates being reversed after filling of the loading chamber and compression in said chamber being produced by volumetric reduction thereof, which transports the material to a tube of upper evacuation, which is extends to the surface.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the continuous excavation system in screen walls that constitutes the object of the present invention, in a compression position and in accordance with the first variant embodiment for the transport subsystem.
  • Figure 2 shows a representation similar to Figure 1, at the end of the loading phase.
  • Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6. show representations according to the second variant of embodiment for the transport subsystem, corresponding respectively to the positions of beginning of the excavation, beginning of the phase of extraction of the land from the jaws to the system of external transport, final phase of the extraction phase and transport phase from the bucket to the outside.
  • the bucket on which the excavation system is based comprises a support structure (1) that is complemented by guiding elements (2), all as conventional, including the jaws (3), whose function is to excavate the terrain, being able to have any appropriate geometry so that it effectively fulfills the desired function.
  • the anti-return gates (5) prevent the descent of the existing terrain in the loading chamber (4) and in the pre-filtering chamber (6), allowing the opening of the jaws for a new cycle of excavation and discharge.
  • the repetition of these cycles drives the compressed material towards the exit zone (7), from which the material itself Pressing is fed to a transport system (8) responsible for raising the pressed material to the surface, with the particularity that such means of transport is constituted by a vertical conveyor in endless circuit, such as a tubular belt, a bucket system , etc.
  • a second loading chamber (10) is established above the loading chamber (4), which receives the material when the jaws are raised (3 ) by effect of the cylinders (11), through a pair of lower gates (12), said loading chamber (10) of the transport subsystem also having a second pair of gates (12 '), located at the upper level and through which the aforementioned chamber (10) connects with an evacuation tube (13) that is directed towards the surface of the land and that can even reach the cargo vehicle of the extracted material.
  • the output gates (12 ') open and the input gates (12) close, the cylinders (11') reverse their direction of operation causing compression of said chamber (10) and consequently the ground is projected or pumped outwards through the evacuation tube (13).
  • the anti-return gates (5) prevent the descent of the existing ground in the loading chamber (4), allowing the opening of said jaws for a new excavation and recharge cycle, at the same time that the lower gates (12) of the chamber (10) corresponding to the transport subsystem are closed, preventing the discharge of the evacuation tube (8).
  • the compressed and free soil of the bentonite mud is extracted, even from a part of the land's own water, which facilitates the transport of that land from the extracted material and its disposal without contaminants or added liquids.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for the continuous excavation of cut-off walls, which is based on the use of an earth bucket. According to the invention, the jaws (3) of the earth bucket employ a system which moves the material towards a load chamber (4) in which a pressing-filtering operation is performed, thereby separating the liquids and the bentonite sludge through filtering areas, the aforementioned chamber being equipped with non-return gates (5). The pressed, liquid- and sludge-free material moves up towards a continuous transport means comprising a variable-volume load chamber (10) which is actuated by hydraulic cylinders (11'). The aforementioned chamber (10) also comprises lower (12) and upper (12') gates which are used to pump the material to a discharge tube (13) which extends towards the surface. The system can be used to excavate, extract and unload the material at the surface in a totally continuous manner, without the need for the excavation to be interrupted in order for the material to be extracted with the jaws (3), as is the case in standard systems. In addition, the extracted material is a compacted material which, for dumping purposes, is environmentally safe and inert.

Description

SISTEMA DE EXCAVACTON CONTINUA DE M JROS PANTAT LA M JROS PANTAT LA CONTINUOUS EXCAVACTON SYSTEM
n F, S C XR I P C T Ó Nn F, S C XR I P C T Ó N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de excavación continua de muros pantalla, cuya finalidad es la de excavar el terreno y extraerlo a la superficie, sin interrupciones durante el proceso. Además, el sistema está previsto para que el material extraído sea compacto y libre del lodo bentonítico que se utiliza durante la excavación sobre la que se ha de realizar el muro o pantalla, de manera tal que ese material sólido extraído y compactado resulta un auténtico inerte a efectos de vertido y no peligroso desde el punto de vista medioambiental.The present invention relates to a system of continuous excavation of screen walls, the purpose of which is to dig the ground and extract it to the surface, without interruptions during the process. In addition, the system is designed so that the extracted material is compact and free of the bentonite sludge that is used during the excavation on which the wall or screen is to be made, so that this solid material extracted and compacted is a true inert for the purpose of spillage and not dangerous from an environmental point of view.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En una gran mayoría de las construcciones que se realizan en el subsuelo, tales como aparcamientos, sótanos y edificios en general, es necesario realizar como paso previo un muro pantalla alrededor de la construcción, al objeto de cerrar e impermeabilizar la propia construcción, así como sujetar el terreno externo durante la construcción de la nueva estructura, e incluso soportar parte de la carga de la futura construcción.In a great majority of the constructions that are made in the subsoil, such as parking lots, basements and buildings in general, it is necessary to make a screen wall around the construction as a previous step, in order to close and waterproof the construction itself, as well as hold the external ground during the construction of the new structure, and even bear part of the load of the future construction.
Los muros pantallas se suelen realizar mediante grúas dotadas de cucharas que excavan y extraen el terreno a la superficie. Para evitar que las paredes de la pantalla se desmoronen mientras ésta se construye, durante la fase de excavación, el hueco excavado se rellena con lodos bentoníticos, de manera tal que el terreno extraído y mezclado con el lodo bentonítico es cargado en camiones que lo transportan a vertederos de inertes, proceso que plantea diversos problemas, pudiendo citar como más importantes los siguientes:The screen walls are usually made by cranes equipped with spoons that excavate and extract the ground to the surface. To prevent the walls of the screen from crumbling while it is being built, during the excavation phase, the excavated hole is filled with bentonite sludge, from in such a way that the land extracted and mixed with the bentonite mud is loaded in trucks that transport it to landfills of inert, process that raises various problems, being able to mention as more important the following:
- La mezcla de terreno con lodo bentonítico, es un producto más o menos líquido, por lo que en la cadena de transporte se suelen provocar pérdidas, con la consecuente contaminación, problema que se agrava en entornos urbanos. - La bentonita, aunque es un tipo de arcilla, es contaminante. Si se descarga con contenidos de agua muy altos, produce la contaminación del propio subsuelo por lixiviación, pudiendo además ocasionar problemas de estabilidad en los taludes de los apilados del vertedero. - Los problemas referidos en los dos puntos anteriores han llevado a que algunos países tengan restricciones en lo que respecta a la utilización de bentonita.- The mixture of land with bentonite mud, is a more or less liquid product, so in the transport chain losses are usually caused, with the consequent contamination, a problem that is aggravated in urban environments. - Bentonite, although it is a type of clay, is polluting. If it is discharged with very high water contents, it causes contamination of the subsoil itself by leaching, and can also cause stability problems in the slopes of the landfill stacks. - The problems referred to in the previous two points have led to some countries having restrictions regarding the use of bentonite.
En cuanto a los medios o sistemas de excavación de muros pantalla que actualmente se utilizan, pueden citarse dos sistemas fundamentales, acoplados tanto en uno como en otro caso a una grúa autopropulsada, consistiendo uno de los sistemas en la clásica cuchara excavadora que excava el terreno por medio de las respectivas mandíbulas de cuchara, que extrae el material o terreno junto con una parte del lodo de perforación, de manera que el tiempo de extracción es considerable, viéndose aumentado con la profundidad, ya que es necesario sacar la cuchara, descargarla en el camión y volver a posicionarla en el punto de excavación.As for the means or systems of excavation of screen walls that are currently used, two fundamental systems can be mentioned, coupled both in one and in another case to a self-propelled crane, consisting of one of the systems in the classic excavator bucket that excavates the ground by means of the respective spoon jaws, which extracts the material or soil together with a part of the drilling mud, so that the extraction time is considerable, being increased with the depth, since it is necessary to take out the spoon, unload it in the truck and reposition it at the excavation point.
Además de la pérdida de rendimiento que ofrece el sistema de cuchara, el terreno excavado transporta todos los contaminantes existentes en el subsuelo y que se encuentran disueltos en el agua del terreno.In addition to the loss of performance offered by the bucket system, the excavated terrain transports all existing pollutants in the subsoil and they are dissolved in the ground water.
Otro sistema de excavación es el conocido como hidrofresa, que es un sistema de accionamiento hidráulico, más de perforación que de excavación, de manera que el terreno se reduce por rotura mecánica a tamaños menores que son mezclados con el lodo bentonítico para poder ser transportados a la superficie por vía hidráulica. El mezclado con el mencionado lodo es incluso superior a la cuchara tradicional y también lo es el mezclado de los contaminantes en el terreno, al aumentar el lavado por efecto de la mayor disgregación de los materiales y del propio sistema de transporte a la superficie.Another excavation system is known as hydrofore, which is a hydraulic drive system, rather than drilling than excavation, so that the ground is reduced by mechanical breakage to smaller sizes that are mixed with the bentonite mud to be transported to the surface by hydraulic means. The mixing with the mentioned sludge is even superior to the traditional spoon and so is the mixing of the pollutants in the soil, as the washing is increased due to the greater disintegration of the materials and the surface transport system itself.
El sistema de cuchara referido en primer lugar es de accionamiento hidráulico o incluso mecánico y es el más utilizado actualmente, mientras que el sistema hidrofesa se aplica con más frecuencia en formaciones rocosas o duras.The spoon system referred to first is hydraulic or even mechanical and is currently the most used, while the hydrophobic system is most frequently applied in rock or hard formations.
De acuerdo con lo expuesto, los sistemas de excavaciones convencionales emplean gran parte del tiempo en extraer la cuchara a la superficie, cargarla en el camión y volver a descender hasta el punto de excavación, pérdida de tiempo que lógicamente aumenta con la profundidad de la pantalla y que deriva en un bajo rendimiento.In accordance with the above, conventional excavation systems spend a great deal of time in extracting the bucket to the surface, loading it in the truck and descending back to the excavation point, a waste of time that logically increases with the depth of the screen and that results in poor performance.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El sistema que se preconiza ha sido concebido para resolver la problemática anteriormente expuesta, así como para conseguir una serie de ventajas que se irán exponiendo a lo largo de la presente descripción. Más concretamente, el sistema de la invención se basa en extraer el material, compactado y liberado del lodo bentonítico, incluso de una parte del agua propia del terreno, consiguiendo con ello una mayor facilidad en el transporte y desechos sin contaminantes ni líquidos añadidos, así como una disminución estimada del 10% de la cantidad de residuos procedentes del lodo bentonítico.The system that has been recommended has been conceived to solve the problem described above, as well as to achieve a series of advantages that will be exposed throughout this description. More specifically, the system of the invention is based on extracting the material, compacted and released from the bentonite sludge, even from a part of the land's own water, thereby achieving greater ease in transport and waste without contaminants or added liquids, thus as an estimated 10% decrease in the amount of waste from bentonite mud.
Por otra parte, también se ve reducido el consumo de bentonita y agua en la fabricación del lodo, siendo el ahorro estimado del 10%, de manera que para un equipo, excavando por ejemplo equipo unos 25 m3/hora y trabajando una media de 1500 horas anuales, supondría una ahorro anual de 3750 m3 de agua y más de 150 toneladas de bentonita.On the other hand, the consumption of bentonite and water in the manufacture of mud is also reduced, with an estimated saving of 10%, so that for a team, for example digging equipment about 25 m 3 / hour and working an average of 1500 hours per year, would mean an annual saving of 3750 m 3 of water and more than 150 tons of bentonite.
Otra ventaja importante es la de extraer el terreno sin necesidad de desplazar la cuchara a la superficie, aumentando notablemente el rendimiento.Another important advantage is to extract the ground without moving the bucket to the surface, significantly increasing the yield.
Más concretamente, el sistema de la invención se basa en la utilización de cuchara con mandíbulas, pero con unas innovaciones que consisten en disponer en las mandíbulas unos medios de cargado, los cuales transfieren el terreno del interior de las mandíbulas a una cámara de carga.More specifically, the system of the invention is based on the use of a bucket with jaws, but with innovations that consist in placing in the jaws some loading means, which transfer the ground inside the jaws to a loading chamber.
De acuerdo con otra característica de la invención a continuación de la citada cámara de carga se ha previsto una cámara de prensofiltrado en la que se comprime el terreno al material que se excava y se va extrayendoIn accordance with another feature of the invention, following the aforementioned loading chamber, a pre-filtering chamber is provided in which the soil is compressed to the material that is excavated and extracted.
(preferentemente mediante un sistema de prensas hidráulicas) utilizando zonas filtrantes para separar el material sólido del líquido, tal como agua, bentonita y otros elementos en suspensión, consiguiéndose que el terreno o material quede consolidado y dispuesto para su extracción y transporte. Otra característica de la invención consiste en que a la salida de la cámara de prensofiltrado se incluya un subsistema de transporte a la superficie del material prensado.(preferably by means of a hydraulic press system) using filter areas to separate the solid material from the liquid, such as water, bentonite and other suspended elements, ensuring that the ground or material is consolidated and arranged for its extraction and transport. Another feature of the invention is that a transport subsystem to the surface of the pressed material is included at the exit of the pre-filtering chamber.
Este sistema, de acuerdo con una primera realización de la invención, está formado por un transportador vertical en circuito sinfín, que puede estar constituido por una cinta tubular, un sistema de cangilones, etc, estando previsto en cualquier caso para transportar de manera continua el material sólido y comprimido que se va extrayendo, sin necesidad de tener que transportar la cuchara hasta la superficie, descargar sobre un camión, volver a conducirse hacia el lugar de trabajo, etc.This system, according to a first embodiment of the invention, is formed by a vertical conveyor in endless circuit, which can be constituted by a tubular belt, a bucket system, etc., being provided in any case to continuously transport the solid and compressed material that is removed, without having to transport the spoon to the surface, unload on a truck, drive back to the workplace, etc.
De acuerdo con una segunda variante de realización para este subsistema de transporte, la citada cámara de presofiltrado se materializa en una cámara de carga, dotada de compuertas anti-retorno, de manera que mediante un movimiento vertical de las mandíbulas se consigue introducir el terreno en dicha cámara donde, por efecto de la presión y dada su configuración con zonas filtrantes, se elimina el líquido ascendente consiguiéndose de esta manera que el terreno quede consolidado y dispuesto para el transporte.According to a second embodiment variant for this transport subsystem, said presofiltration chamber is materialized in a loading chamber, equipped with anti-return gates, so that by means of a vertical movement of the jaws it is possible to introduce the ground in said chamber where, due to the pressure and given its configuration with filter zones, the ascending liquid is eliminated, thus achieving that the ground is consolidated and arranged for transport.
Simultáneamente al movimiento vertical de las mandíbulas, por efecto de cilindros, la cámara de carga se expande también mediante cilindros, para recibir el terreno extraído desde las mandíbulas, concretamente merced a la existencia en dicha cámara de una compuerta inferior de entrada que está abierta en dicho momento y una compuerta de salida que a su vez está cerrada, invirtiéndose la posición de dichas compuertas tras el llenado de la cámara de carga y produciéndose una compresión en dicha cámara mediante reducción volumétrica de la misma, que transporta el material hasta un tubo de evacuación superior, que se extiende hasta la superficie.Simultaneously with the vertical movement of the jaws, due to the effect of cylinders, the loading chamber is also expanded by cylinders, to receive the ground extracted from the jaws, specifically thanks to the existence in said chamber of a lower entrance gate that is open in said moment and an exit gate which in turn is closed, the position of said gates being reversed after filling of the loading chamber and compression in said chamber being produced by volumetric reduction thereof, which transports the material to a tube of upper evacuation, which is extends to the surface.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. In an illustrative and non-limiting manner, the following has been represented:
La figura 1.- Muestra una representación esquemática del sistema de excavación continua en muros pantalla que constituye el objeto de la presente invención, en posición de compresión y de acuerdo con la primera variante de realización para el subsistema de transporte.Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the continuous excavation system in screen walls that constitutes the object of the present invention, in a compression position and in accordance with the first variant embodiment for the transport subsystem.
La figura 2.- Muestra una representación similar a la figura 1, al final de la fase de carga.Figure 2 shows a representation similar to Figure 1, at the end of the loading phase.
Las figuras 3, 4, 5 y 6.- Muestran representaciones acordes a la segunda variante de realización para el subsistema de transporte, correspondientes respectivamente a las posiciones de inicio de la excavación, inicio de la fase de extracción del terreno desde las mandíbulas al sistema de transporte exterior, fase final de la fase de extracción y fase de transporte desde la cuchara al exterior.Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6. - They show representations according to the second variant of embodiment for the transport subsystem, corresponding respectively to the positions of beginning of the excavation, beginning of the phase of extraction of the land from the jaws to the system of external transport, final phase of the extraction phase and transport phase from the bucket to the outside.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A la vista de las figuras reseñadas, concretamente de las figuras 1 y 2, puede observarse como el sistema de excavación continua de muros pantalla objeto de la invención se basa en la utilización de una cuchara convencional, pero con una serie de mejoras e innovaciones que permiten que la extracción del terreno se realiza de manera comprimida y libre de lodo bentonítico, sin tener que subir la cuchara a la superficie.In view of the figures outlined, specifically figures 1 and 2, it can be seen as the system of continuous excavation of walls Screen object of the invention is based on the use of a conventional spoon, but with a series of improvements and innovations that allow the extraction of the land is carried out in a compressed way and free of bentonite mud, without having to raise the spoon to the surface .
Más concretamente, la cuchara en que se basa el sistema de excavación comprende una estructura soporte (1) que se complementa con unos elementos de guiado (2), todo ello como es convencional, incluyendo las mandíbulas (3), cuya función es excavar el terreno, pudiendo tener cualquier geometría apropiada para que cumpla con eficacia la función deseada.More specifically, the bucket on which the excavation system is based comprises a support structure (1) that is complemented by guiding elements (2), all as conventional, including the jaws (3), whose function is to excavate the terrain, being able to have any appropriate geometry so that it effectively fulfills the desired function.
A partir de esta estructuración básica y de acuerdo ya con la invención, en el interior de las mandíbulas (3) se ha previsto un pantalón o cámara de carga (4) dotada de compuertas anti-retorno (5).From this basic structuring and according to the invention, inside the jaws (3) there is provided a trousers or loading chamber (4) equipped with anti-return gates (5).
Complementariamente y mediante el movimiento vertical de las mandíbulas (3), se consigue comprimir el terreno en la cámara de carga (4) y provocar su introducción en la cámara de prenso-filtrado (6), donde por efecto de la presión y dada su configuración innovadora con paredes filtrantes, se elimina el líquido ascendente (agua, bentonita y otros elementos en suspensión), consiguiéndose de esta manera que el terreno quede consolidado y dispuesto para su extracción y transporte.Complementarily and by means of the vertical movement of the jaws (3), it is possible to compress the ground in the loading chamber (4) and cause its introduction into the press-filtering chamber (6), where due to the pressure effect and given its innovative configuration with filtering walls, the ascending liquid (water, bentonite and other suspended elements) is eliminated, thus ensuring that the land is consolidated and ready for extraction and transport.
Durante la etapa de descenso de las mandíbulas (3) las compuertas anti-retorno (5) impiden el descenso del terreno existente en la cámara de carga (4) y en la cámara de prenso-filtrado (6), permitiendo la apertura de las mandíbulas para un nuevo ciclo de excavación y descarga.During the stage of lowering of the jaws (3) the anti-return gates (5) prevent the descent of the existing terrain in the loading chamber (4) and in the pre-filtering chamber (6), allowing the opening of the jaws for a new cycle of excavation and discharge.
La repetición de estos ciclos va impulsando el material comprimido hacia la zona de salida (7), desde la cual el propio material prensado es alimentado hacia un sistema de transporte (8) encargado de elevar hasta la superficie el material prensado, con la particularidad de que tal medio de transporte está constituido por un transportador vertical en circuito sinfín, tal como una cinta tubular, un sistema de cangilones, etc.The repetition of these cycles drives the compressed material towards the exit zone (7), from which the material itself Pressing is fed to a transport system (8) responsible for raising the pressed material to the surface, with the particularity that such means of transport is constituted by a vertical conveyor in endless circuit, such as a tubular belt, a bucket system , etc.
El movimiento vertical de las mandíbulas (3) se realiza mediante la acción de cilindros hidráulicos (9).The vertical movement of the jaws (3) is done by the action of hydraulic cylinders (9).
De acuerdo con la variante de realización mostrada en las figuras 3 a 6, por encima de la cámara de carga (4) se establece una segunda cámara de carga (10), que recibe el material cuando se produce la elevación de las mandíbulas (3) por efecto de los cilindros (11), a través de una pareja de compuertas inferiores (12), contando además dicha cámara de carga (10) del subsistema de transporte con una segunda pareja de compuertas (12'), situadas a nivel superior y a través de las que la citada cámara (10) conecta con un tubo de evacuación (13) que se dirige hacia la superficie del terreno y que puede alcanzar incluso el vehículo de carga del material extraído.According to the variant embodiment shown in Figures 3 to 6, a second loading chamber (10) is established above the loading chamber (4), which receives the material when the jaws are raised (3 ) by effect of the cylinders (11), through a pair of lower gates (12), said loading chamber (10) of the transport subsystem also having a second pair of gates (12 '), located at the upper level and through which the aforementioned chamber (10) connects with an evacuation tube (13) that is directed towards the surface of the land and that can even reach the cargo vehicle of the extracted material.
De forma más concreta cuando las mandíbulas (3) ascienden por efecto de los cilindros (11) la cámara de carga (10) se expande por efecto de los cilindros (11'), para recibir el terreno extraído desde dichas mandíbulas, con las compuertas inferiores (12) abiertas y las compuertas superiores cerradas, tal como muestra la figura 3.More specifically when the jaws (3) ascend through the effect of the cylinders (11) the loading chamber (10) expands as a result of the cylinders (11 '), to receive the ground extracted from said jaws, with the gates open bottom (12) and closed upper doors, as shown in figure 3.
Tras llenarse la cámara de carga (10) del subsistema de transporte, las compuertas de salida (12') se abren y las compuertas de entrada (12) se cierran, los cilindros (11') invierten su sentido de accionamiento provocando la compresión de dicha cámara (10) y consecuentemente el terreno es proyectado o bombeado hacia el exterior a través del tubo de evacuación (13). Durante la etapa de descenso de las mandíbulas, las compuertas anti-retorno (5) impiden el descenso del terreno existente en la cámara de carga (4), permitiendo la apertura de dichas mandíbulas para un nuevo ciclo de excavación y recarga, a la vez que las compuertas inferiores (12) de la cámara (10) correspondiente al subsistema de transporte, se cierran, evitando la descarga del tubo de evacuación (8).After filling the loading chamber (10) of the transport subsystem, the output gates (12 ') open and the input gates (12) close, the cylinders (11') reverse their direction of operation causing compression of said chamber (10) and consequently the ground is projected or pumped outwards through the evacuation tube (13). During the stage of lowering of the jaws, the anti-return gates (5) prevent the descent of the existing ground in the loading chamber (4), allowing the opening of said jaws for a new excavation and recharge cycle, at the same time that the lower gates (12) of the chamber (10) corresponding to the transport subsystem are closed, preventing the discharge of the evacuation tube (8).
La repetición de estos ciclos va impulsando el material comprimido hacia la superficie.The repetition of these cycles drives the compressed material towards the surface.
Se consigue de esta manera un efecto aspirante-impelente desde la cámara de carga (4) hasta el tubo de evacuación (13), a través de la citada cámara intermedia (10) del subsistema de transporte.In this way, an aspirant-impeller effect is achieved from the loading chamber (4) to the evacuation tube (13), through said intermediate chamber (10) of the transport subsystem.
En cualquier caso se extrae el terreno comprimido y libre del lodo bentonítico, incluso de una parte del agua propia del terreno, con lo que se facilita el transporte de ese terreno del material extraído y el desecho del mismo sin contaminantes ni líquidos añadidos.In any case, the compressed and free soil of the bentonite mud is extracted, even from a part of the land's own water, which facilitates the transport of that land from the extracted material and its disposal without contaminants or added liquids.
Además, se produce una disminución de la cantidad de residuos procedentes del lodo bentonítico, estimada aproximadamente en el 10%, obteniéndose un ahorro en la cantidad de agua y bentonita utilizada en la fabricación del lodo que puede cifrarse igualmente en un 10% .In addition, there is a decrease in the amount of waste from bentonite sludge, estimated at approximately 10%, resulting in savings in the amount of water and bentonite used in the manufacture of sludge that can also be estimated at 10%.
Otra ventaja fundamental es que la extracción de terreno se realiza sin la necesidad de desplazar la cuchara a la superficie, como anteriormente se ha dicho, aumentando considerablemente el rendimiento, ya que hay que tener en cuenta que frecuentemente se excavan muros pantallas superiores a 50 metros de profundidad. Cabe destacar igualmente el hecho de que la descarga del material u otro terreno sólido y comprimido en superficie, resulta ser un elemento inerte y con una baja capacidad contaminante, es decir no peligrosa desde el punto de vista medioambiental.Another fundamental advantage is that the extraction of land is carried out without the need to move the bucket to the surface, as previously said, considerably increasing the performance, since it must be taken into account that screens walls greater than 50 meters are frequently excavated deep Also noteworthy is the fact that the discharge of the material or other solid and compressed surface on the surface turns out to be an inert element with a low pollutant capacity, that is to say not dangerous from an environmental point of view.
También cabe destacar el hecho de que la extracción a la superficie del material excavado se realiza de forma continua, sin necesidad de transporte de la cuchara fuera la excavación, con un notable aumento de la productividad. Also noteworthy is the fact that the extraction to the surface of the excavated material is carried out continuously, without the need for transporting the bucket outside the excavation, with a notable increase in productivity.

Claims

E I V I N D I C A C I O N EE I V I N D I C A C I O N E
Ia.- Sistema de excavación continua de muros pantalla, que basándose en la utilización de una cuchara con sus correspondientes mandíbulas de excavación y extracción del material, y una estructura de soporte y guiado para los elementos constitutivos de la cuchara en su conjunto, se caracteriza porque en el interior de la cuchara se establece una cámara de carga (4), receptora del material extraído, a continuación de la cual se ha previsto una cámara de prenso-filtrado (6) en la que se realiza, mediante el desplazamiento vertical de las mandíbulas, una compactación del material y una separación respecto a los componentes líquidos (agua, bentonita y otros en suspensión), a través de zonas filtrantes previstas en la cámara (4).I a .- Continuous excavation system of screen walls, which based on the use of a bucket with its corresponding digging and extraction jaws, and a support and guidance structure for the constituent elements of the bucket as a whole, is characterized in that inside the bucket a loading chamber (4) is established, receiving the extracted material, following which a press-filtering chamber (6) is provided in which it is made, by vertical displacement of the jaws, a compaction of the material and a separation with respect to the liquid components (water, bentonite and others in suspension), through filter areas provided in the chamber (4).
2a.- Sistema de excavación continua de muros pantalla, según reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque las mandíbulas (3) de la cuchara, así como la cámara de carga (4), son accionadas mediante cilindros hidráulicos (9).2 .- System excavation continuous diaphragm walls, according to claim I, wherein the jaws (3) of the spoon and the loading chamber (4) are driven by hydraulic cylinders (9).
3a.- Sistema de excavación continua de muros pantalla, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la cámara de carga (4) incluye compuertas anti-retorno (5).3 .- System excavation continuous diaphragm walls, according to previous claims, characterized in that the loading chamber (4) includes non-return gate (5).
4a.- Sistema de excavación continua de muros pantalla, según reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque a la salida de la cámara de prenso- filtrado (6) se establecen medios de transporte del material prensado.4 .- System excavation continuous diaphragm walls, according to claim I, characterized in that the outlet chamber prenso- filtering (6) means establishing transport the pressed material.
5a.- Sistema de excavación continua de muros pantalla, según reivindicación 4a, caracterizado porque los citados medios de transporte del terreno al exterior están constituidos por un transportador vertical en circuito sinfín, susceptible de estar materializado en una cinta tubular, un sistema de cangilones o similar.5 .- System excavation continuous diaphragm walls, according to claim 4, characterized in that said means of transport to the outside the field are constituted by a vertical conveyor endless circuit, capable of being materialized in a tubular belt, a bucket system or similar.
6a.- Sistema de excavación continua de muros pantalla, según reivindicación 4a, caracterizado porque los medios de transporte del terreno al exterior consisten en una cámara (10), expandible mediante cilindros (11'), que incorporan en sus extremos compuertas de entrada y salida (12- 12'), de manera que en fase de llenado de dicha cámara (10) y en situación distendida para la misma, las compuertas inferiores (12) están abiertas y las superiores (12') cerradas, mientras que en la fase de descarga, en la que se produce la contracción de la cámara (10), las compuertas inferiores (12) se cierran y las superiores (12') se abren, desembocando dicha cámara de transporte (10) en un tubo de evacuación (13) que se extiende hasta la superficie. 6 .- Excavation system continuous diaphragm walls, according to claim 4, characterized in that the transport means of the ground to the outside consist of a chamber (10), expandable by cylinders (11 ') which incorporate in their gates ends inlet and outlet (12-12 '), so that during the filling phase of said chamber (10) and in an extended position for it, the lower gates (12) are open and the upper ones (12') closed, while in the discharge phase, in which the contraction of the chamber (10) occurs, the lower gates (12) close and the upper ones (12 ') open, said transport chamber (10) flowing into a tube of evacuation (13) that extends to the surface.
PCT/ES2003/000640 2002-12-18 2003-12-17 System for the continuous excavation of cut-off walls WO2004055275A1 (en)

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Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200202909A ES2220199B1 (en) 2002-12-18 2002-12-18 CONTINUOUS EXCAVATION SYSTEM OF WALLS SCREEN.
ESP200202909 2002-12-18
ESP200302880 2003-12-05
ES200302880A ES2235632B1 (en) 2002-12-18 2003-12-05 IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION 200202909 BY "SYSTEM OF CONTINUOUS EXCAVATION OF WALLS SCREEN".

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ES2292288A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2008-03-01 Rodio Cimentaciones Especiales, S.A. Excavation system for high capacity screen walls, has grab bucket with jaws with structure that defines breech chamber to accumulate excavated and introduced material, and grab bucket unload material, with collaboration of unloading system
CN101440626B (en) * 2007-11-22 2010-12-22 北京市三一重机有限公司 Swing type deviation rectifying apparatus
CN107963797A (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-04-27 北京华德创业环保设备有限公司 A kind of concentrated phase red mud pipe carrying method

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EP1964980A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-09-03 Etienne Heirwegh Excavating means and method to cast in-situ cast walls

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2292288A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2008-03-01 Rodio Cimentaciones Especiales, S.A. Excavation system for high capacity screen walls, has grab bucket with jaws with structure that defines breech chamber to accumulate excavated and introduced material, and grab bucket unload material, with collaboration of unloading system
CN101440626B (en) * 2007-11-22 2010-12-22 北京市三一重机有限公司 Swing type deviation rectifying apparatus
CN107963797A (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-04-27 北京华德创业环保设备有限公司 A kind of concentrated phase red mud pipe carrying method

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