WO2004049944A1 - Procede permettant de determiner un mouvement anatomique optimal - Google Patents

Procede permettant de determiner un mouvement anatomique optimal Download PDF

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WO2004049944A1
WO2004049944A1 PCT/AU2003/001575 AU0301575W WO2004049944A1 WO 2004049944 A1 WO2004049944 A1 WO 2004049944A1 AU 0301575 W AU0301575 W AU 0301575W WO 2004049944 A1 WO2004049944 A1 WO 2004049944A1
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ofthe
movement
anatomic
swing
parameters
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PCT/AU2003/001575
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Robert J. Neal
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Neal Robert J
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1121—Determining geometric values, e.g. centre of rotation or angular range of movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1121—Determining geometric values, e.g. centre of rotation or angular range of movement
    • A61B5/1122—Determining geometric values, e.g. centre of rotation or angular range of movement of movement trajectories
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1124—Determining motor skills
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0002—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for baseball
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/36—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf
    • A63B69/3608—Attachments on the body, e.g. for measuring, aligning, restraining
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/38—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for tennis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
    • A63B24/0006—Computerised comparison for qualitative assessment of motion sequences or the course of a movement
    • A63B2024/0012—Comparing movements or motion sequences with a registered reference
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/10—Positions
    • A63B2220/13—Relative positions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/40—Acceleration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2244/00—Sports without balls
    • A63B2244/22—Dancing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of determining an optimal anatomic motion in various activities, including sports such as golf, baseball, tennis, dance, martial arts or the like.
  • the invention relates in particular to a method of determining a range of critical values for an optimal golf swing arc.
  • An optimal golf swing ensures maximum distance and accuracy of the trajectory of a golf ball.
  • An improper swing motion is generally the major cause of inaccuracies resulting in slicing the ball or an inability to obtain maximum distance.
  • the analysis and correction of improper swing motion is therefore vital in obtaining maximum effectiveness of a person's golf swing.
  • One such device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,984,798 to Gilmour (the '798 patent).
  • the '798 patent describes a golf swing apparatus including a guide having a number of sensors located at spaced locations in the guide.
  • a processor in a computer receives information as the golf club passes by the sensors.
  • the processor then converts the sensor readings into a signal indicative ofthe golf swing tempo and is graphically displayed for viewing by the golfer.
  • a drawback ofthe apparatus ofthe '798 patent is that the graphical display provides only a visual display ofthe golfer's golf swing pattern and tempo. It does not provide professional analysis or comparison with an ideal golf swing or comprehensive reporting ofthe areas of deficiency ofthe golf swing.
  • Wandel et al. describe a method and device for diagnosing a golf swing by measuring and analysing movement relating to a golfer's vertebral column during a golf swing.
  • Ultrasonic sensors are positioned along the vertebral column of a person and detect movement three-dimensionally during a golf swing.
  • a data processor processes the measurement values and compares them with stored values of golf swings of other golfers. The result is displayed on a display device, viewable by the golfer to check the quality of their golf swing. Similar to the '798 patent, a drawback ofthe method of Wandel et al.
  • the display device provides only a visual display ofthe golfer's golf swing pattern and tempo in comparison with other stored information. It also does not provide professional, interpretive analysis and comprehensive reporting ofthe areas of deficiency ofthe golf swing and of how such deficiencies can be corrected.
  • the present invention is a method of determining an optimal anatomic motion, comprising the steps of: recording data from a plurality of individuals performing anatomic movement, said individuals having sensors attached to their bodies, wherein positions of said sensors are measured; extracting from said data a plurality of parameters indicative of said anatomic movement; obtaining a plurality of physiological parameters associated with said plurality of parameters indicative of said anatomic movement; deriving bio-mechanical factors from said plurality of physiological parameters; and obtaining a set of values for an optimal anatomic movement from said bio-mechanical factors and said plurality of physiological parameters.
  • the anatomic movement may be a golf swing.
  • the anatomic movement may also be a movement selected from the following group: a golf swing, a tennis swing, a baseball swing, a dance move, and a martial arts move.
  • the individuals may be golf professionals.
  • the plurality of physiological parameters may include parameters selected from the group consisting of: stretch-shorten cycles of muscles, proximal to distal sequences of muscle groups, injuries at critical physiological locations, and consistent sequences of body segment movements.
  • the plurality of parameters indicative of said anatomic movement may include Address, Top of backswing, Impact and Finish.
  • the bio-mechanical factors may comprise kinematic variables related to said physiological parameters.
  • the bio-mechanical factors may comprise X-Factor stretch.
  • the step of obtaining a set of values for an optimal anatomic movement may comprise the step of applying qualitative and quantitative analysis to said bio-mechanical factors and to said plurality of physiological parameters.
  • the positions of said sensors may be measured relative to a field.
  • FIG 1 A is a schematic diagram showing a system for capturing data associated with a golf swing according to one embodiment ofthe present invention
  • FIG IB is a schematic diagram showing the placement of a sensor on the dorsal surface of a hand according to one embodiment ofthe present invention.
  • FIGs 2 to 5 are process flow diagrams illustrating how golf swing data are captured and processed to obtain an optimal golf swing in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention
  • FIG 6 is a graph illustrating an X-Factor variable associated with a golf swing
  • FIG 7 is a graph illustrating a proximal to distal sequencing associated with a golf swing.
  • the invention will be described with reference to a method of obtaining a set of critical values for obtaining an optimal golf swing.
  • the invention can also be used to obtain optimal anatomic motion in other sports such as, tennis, baseball, dance, martial arts or the like.
  • FIG 1 A there is shown a system 1 for capturing golf swing data, which data are used for obtaining an optimal golf swing.
  • the system comprises a plurality of sensors 2 attached to a golfer 3, by a harness 4.
  • a field generator 5 produces a field in the area ofthe golfer 3.
  • the field generator is connected to a motion capture unit 6, which processes and controls the field generation intensity.
  • the sensors 2 are connected to the motion capture unit via cables 8. Note that in the embodiment shown in FIG 1 A the cables 8 are routed along the middle of a golfer's back so as to present minimal interference with the movement ofthe golfer 3.
  • the field generator 5 may be a magnetic field generator or may be another suitable field generator such as an ultrasonic field generator. In one embodiment, the magnetic field generator 5 can be fixed to a stand to locate the generator at a required height and location relative to the golfer 3.
  • Sensors 2 sense a current produced in the presence ofthe magnetic field. As the golfer 3 swings the golf club, the current in the sensors 2 will modulate as the magnetic field fluxes. This current is transmitted to the motion capture unit 6 for initial processing. The current provides sufficient information to allow the position and orientation ofthe sensors 2 to be determined. The current serves to locate the sensors 2 in space so that real-time motion is measured by taking repeated samples ofthe signals from each sensor 2. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other types of position locating sensors 2 may also be used within the scope ofthe present invention. For example, accelerometers or wireless position sensors 2 could also be used to measure a golfer's movement.
  • FIG IB there is a schematic diagram showing the placement of a sensor 2 on the dorsal surface of a golfer's hand according to one embodiment ofthe present invention.
  • the sensor 2 is positioned beneath the golfer's glove 14 so as to provide a secure attachment ofthe sensor 2 while not interfering with the golfer's swing.
  • the motion capture unit 6 may be one of various types of conventional motion capture units, such as those produced by Polhemus, Inc.
  • the motion capture unit 6 processes the sensor signals to capture the movements ofthe golfer 3 during a golf swing.
  • the capture unit 6 typically can be tuned to sample the signals generated by the sensors 2 at varying sampling frequencies.
  • the sampled signal data are transmitted to a computer 7 and stored in the form of an ASCII file.
  • the computer 7 has preloaded software, such as the 3D Golf (registered trademark) software produced by Skill Technologies, Inc., which processes the data to display a virtual image ofthe golfer 3.
  • 3D Golf registered trademark
  • Skill Technologies, Inc. The operation of a motion capture unit 6 is described in further detail in
  • the arrangement and location ofthe sensors 2 will depend on whether putting, short game or long game data are required.
  • the locations are determined such that the sensors 2 induce minimal disruption to the anatomic movement yet at the same time provide meaningful and accurate information on the anatomic movements ofthe golfer 3.
  • the locations must also allow a golf trainer using the system 1 to analyse segmental anatomic motion to allow quantification of sequencing and timing, the extent of stretch-shorten cycle patterns of movement, and to make inferences about the likelihood of injury.
  • FIG 1A also shows the location of sensors for the long game.
  • the sensors 2 are attached to the following body segments:
  • pelvis at the level ofthe sacrum/L5 vertebra
  • the sensors may be located as follows:
  • leading limb forearm 3. leading limb hand (dorsal surface); and
  • All golfers are ranked according to their ball-striking ability (distance, consistency, accuracy and ball flight quality). Assistance from highly skilled coaches can be used to provide a qualitative evaluation ofthe quality ofthe swings of each of these players.
  • the raw data points may include up to 5000 points per swing. Typically, five or six swings with each of two clubs, such as a 5-iron and a driver are captured.
  • the raw data consist of the augmented direction cosine matrix for each ofthe sensors 2 at each sampled point in time during the swing; although alternative forms (e.g., quaternions) of representing these data could also be used.
  • each sensor 2 is sampled at a rate of 30 times per second. It should be noted however that other sample rates could be used, as would be known to a person skilled in the art.
  • step 201 initial information such as the number of files to be processed and the file names are input into the computer 7.
  • step 202 the augmented direction cosine matrices for each sensor 2 are input into the computer 7.
  • Any suitable mathematical computation tool such as MatLab (registered trademark), may be used to manipulate the matrices.
  • the tasks include the following:
  • step 203 digital signal processing is performed as follows:
  • Filtering ofthe data is performed using a filter such as a Butterworth 4 th order recursive filter with optimal cutoff frequency determination to eliminate noise (measurement error) from the raw data.
  • a filter such as a Butterworth 4 th order recursive filter with optimal cutoff frequency determination to eliminate noise (measurement error) from the raw data.
  • time normalisation is undertaken to ensure that for each swing of each golfer 3 there are exactly 150 samples of data.
  • time normalisation is to fit cubic splines to the data and then interpolate the necessary points.
  • a plurality of parameters indicative of a golf swing is extracted from the data files as follows: 1. Calculation of critical events during a golf swing including: a. Address (i.e., that instant prior to beginning the swing); b. Top ofthe backswing (i.e., the point when the motion "away” from the ball ends and the motion "toward” the ball begins); c. Impact (an estimate ofthe point in time when the club made contact with the ball); and d. Finish (that point where the body has reduced the energy of the club sufficiently that the movement can be deemed completed).
  • the ATIF (Address, Top of backswing, Impact and Finish) parameters indicative of a golf swing are determined from the data files.
  • a search is made ofthe data after the signal processing step 203 to determine the top ofthe backswing.
  • the criteria that must be met for this event are as listed below: 1. Pelvis has reached its minimum value; and
  • Hand height is within 10% of its maximum value.
  • Y coordinate ofthe origin ofthe hand sensor is at a maximum
  • the Z coordinate ofthe hand sensor is within 5% of its minimum.
  • J-mpact position is then obtained by searching forward from the top ofthe backswing until the Y coordinate ofthe hand sensor exceeds its value at address.
  • the finish position is selected as that point in time when the pelvic rotation reaches its maximum position.
  • step 206 it is determined whether all data files for a particular club have been processed. If so, then average values and standard deviations are determined to describe a mean "typical" swing and the variation to this mean swing. Otherwise, steps 203 and 204 are repeated. Finally, at step 207, the resulting data are written to an output file such as a Microsoft Excel file (registered trademark).
  • FIG 3 there is a process flow diagram illustrating a method 300 of calculating a mean swing value from the output file produced at step 207.
  • the best 20 males and 10 female ball-strikers are selected from the sample group.
  • a mean value is calculated at every point (i.e., each ofthe 150 time normalised samples) in time for all the kinematic variables (e.g., linear and angular displacement, linear and angular velocity, relative velocities, etc.), including the critical events of address, top of back swing, etc.
  • kinematic variables e.g., linear and angular displacement, linear and angular velocity, relative velocities, etc.
  • other quantities of best male and female golfers may be selected from the sample group, such as 30 males and 20 females, depending on the number of highly proficient athletes who are available.
  • step 303 the variance at every point in time during the golf swing ofthe selected 20 males and 10 females is calculated. A coefficient ofthe overall variance is also obtained.
  • step 304 the mean kinematic data for the selected group of golfers is written to a data file.
  • the averaged data and variance ofthe selected best 20 males and 10 female golfers provide a platform for obtaining an optimal golf swing.
  • the above described data capture process can be applied to other sports such as tennis, for example, for obtaining an optimal swing.
  • the critical events in time are at: address, top ofthe backswing,
  • FIG 4 there is shown a process flow diagram of a method 400 for determining an ideal swing.
  • Deteraiining an ideal swing requires measuring and evaluating a plurality of parameters indicative of a golf swing to obtain optimal values for the parameters.
  • the parameters are: Address, Top of backswing, Impact and Finish (ATIF).
  • ATJ-F parameters are associated with a plurality of physiological parameters involving muscle and joint movement including: stretch-shorten cycles; proximal to distal sequencing; injury; and consistency.
  • Each of these physiological parameters is described below with reference to FIG 4 and FIG 5.
  • the mean kinematic data from step 304 from FIG 3 are combined with injury profiles and golf and biomechanics data to commence determination and evaluation ofthe abovementioned ATJ-F parameters.
  • the stretch-shorten cycles (SSC) ofthe muscle movements at each ATIF parameter are determined and evaluated.
  • SSC stretch-shorten cycles
  • one ofthe keys to producing large amounts of power and energy in a movement skill is to take advantage of this phenomenon or property of mammalian muscle. Furthermore, it is important that the "large" muscles ofthe body be used in this process since they are the ones that are primarily responsible for generating the most energy, particularly in the case of a golf swing.
  • Motions of a golf swing that rely on stretch-shorten cycles are first delineated, in particular those patterns of movement involving the following muscle groups: quadriceps; gluteals; latissimus dorsi; • lateral back flexors; abdominals (external and internal oblique); and lateral deltoids wrist adductors.
  • the most important stretch-shorten cycle in golf is the one involving torso rotation. Specifically, the ability to pre-stretch the trunk rotator muscles (by moving the upper torso and pelvis in opposite directions), is the key to allowing these muscles to produce their maximum force, at the optimal time during the swing, and therefore produce large quantities of work.
  • the method of assessing this feature ofthe swing is to look at kinematic variables that measure the relative rotation ofthe upper torso and pelvis (X-Factor in Table 2).
  • X-Factor is an example of a bio-mechanical factor derived from the above described plurality of physiological parameters.
  • the upper torso and pelvis should be parallel and the X-Factor should be zero.
  • FIG 6 there is shown a graph of an X-Factor variable throughout the swing.
  • the critical parameters of address (A), top ofthe backswing (T), impact (I) and finish (F) are overlaid on the figure to assist with interpretation ofthe graph.
  • X- Factor Stretch The amount of X-Factor Stretch has been positively correlated with club head speed and driving distance. See, e.g., Cheetham, P.J., Martin, P.E., Mottram, R.E., & St. Laurent, B.F. (2000).
  • This movement causes the angular difference between the upper torso and the pelvis, the X-Factor, to increase.
  • the magnitude of this increase between the top ofthe backswing and maximum difference is denoted as the X-Factor Stretch.
  • this stretch is approximately -20° leading to a minimum X-Factor value of approximately -62°.
  • this stretch should be approximately 15- 25° as shown in Table 2 and provides the golfer with the opportunity to load the trunk rotator muscles eccentrically before rapidly contracting them concentrically.
  • the upper torso is rotated quickly and catches up to the pelvis so that at impact there is no difference in their angular positions (i.e., the X-Factor is zero or close to zero).
  • step 402 the ranges of movement, at particular joints spanned by these muscles, which optimised the stretch-shorten cycle, are determined. That is, the amounts and directions of rotation that produce the best outcomes are determined upon examination ofthe data. For example, in a counter-movement jump (one in which you bob down before jumping up for maximum height), one only flexes the knees a little bit (40-50°) not maximally (-150°).
  • the other key stretch-shortening cycles that occur in the golf swing include the motion at the left shoulder joint (right-handed golfer) during the downswing when the posterior deltoid and triceps muscle are first loaded eccentrically before contracting concentrically and at the wrist joint when the left wrist flexors and forearm supinator muscles are stretched before shortening.
  • Kinematic parameters extracted from the processed data are used to examine the extent of stretch obtained.
  • the proximal to distal (P-D) body segment timing sequences are determined.
  • the lag (measured in milliseconds) is determined between the peak angular velocities ofthe interacting body segments. That phenomenon is illustrated in the graph shown in FIG 7.
  • Optimal ranges and standard deviations are determined from these values. These values and ranges have been correlated with physical abilities such as flexibility and muscle power. If, for example, trunk rotational flexibility is poor, there is little or no lag between the peak speeds ofthe upper torso and pelvis.
  • the graph shown in FIG 7 illustrates the velocities of three segments of the body (pelvis P [Hip speed], upper torso U [Shoulder speed] and hand H [Hand speed]) between the top ofthe backswing and impact. Peak velocities are indicated in FIG 7 using the subscript "P".
  • the key aspects to good sequencing occur primarily between the top ofthe backswing and impact. These data show that the peak angular speed ofthe pelvis occurs before and is of lesser magnitude to the peak angular speed ofthe upper torso. Similarly, the peak speed ofthe hand occurs later in the downswing than the peak speed ofthe upper torso.
  • the variables used to quantify the sequencing in the swing are the times between these peak values.
  • the pelvis to upper torso lag is the epoch of time between the peak speed ofthe pelvis P p and the peak speed ofthe upper torso U p .
  • this difference is 33 ms.
  • the second lag value between the peak upper torso U p and peak hand speed H p for the golf swing illustrated in FIG 7 was 33 ms.
  • Table 2 shows the two lag measures. Ideally, the two lag measures reported should be ofthe order of 30-40 ms. Discrepancies away from these ranges suggest that the sequencing or timing is not ideal. Stochastic data indicate that these ranges are correlated with high club head velocity.
  • the injury factor is determined and evaluated.
  • Kinematic profiles for the above are then determined and parameters are used to quantify such movements including appropriate and inappropriate ranges of values. If the parameter values exceed the appropriate range then there is an increased risk of injury.
  • a person skilled in the art would be readily aware ofthe techniques available for generating kinematic profiles.
  • One particular kinematic variable that appears to be associated with injury to the lower back is the amount of lateral bending or tilting at impact. If this tilting exceeds, using the current measurement system and variable definitions, a value of approximately 25°, there would be reason for concern.
  • the "crunch” factor is defined as the product ofthe axial rotational velocity ofthe spine and the lateral bending ofthe spine. See, e.g.,
  • the angular velocity ofthe upper torso relative to the pelvis is calculated and expressed in the local coordinate system ofthe upper torso.
  • the tilting ofthe upper torso relative to the pelvis is also calculated at each instant in time.
  • the product ofthe axial component ofthe angular velocity and upper torso tilting is then computed throughout the downswing and its peak value and time of occurrence are determined.
  • step 405 the consistency of particular movement patterns in a golf swing are determined and evaluated. Particular movement patterns are known to be more consistent than others.
  • the quantitative variables and data associated with the golf swing i.e., the set of values for an optimal anatomic movement, are tabulated so that an optimal golf swing can be determined.
  • the data may be collated in other forms other than a table entry, as would be known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the data obtained from the 20 male and 10 female are optimised in order to:
  • the above optimal factors are subject to the constraint that the movements so produced must be able to be performed by athletic humans.
  • the process of optimisation is one in which the work and power output is maximised. That is, making the best use ofthe stretch-shorten cycles and proximal to distal sequencing, subject to the constraints that the selected movement pattern must provide consistent results, minimises variability.
  • empirical evidence has shown that certain kinematic features weigh more heavily than others in determining the optimal swing.
  • the proximal-to-distal sequencing is a far more important parameter than the variables used to describe the body's position and orientation at address.
  • the movement pattern must not produce stresses in the tissues that could cause either catastrophic failure during a single event or cumulative failure over a long time frame.
  • a swing in which, for example, extreme X-Factor and X-Factor Stretch parameters are returned would not be acceptable because ofthe extreme torsion that such motion would incur on the golfer's spinal column.
  • the movement pattern selected and described will not necessarily produce the longest drive or the straightest iron shot.
  • a table is produced as shown in Table 2 that is derived from the optimal kinematic data associated with: stretch-shorten cycles; proximal to distal sequencing; injury; and consistency. 19
  • the present invention thus provides a method for determining an optimal swing from a plurality of male and female golfers having varying ball striking ability.
  • the above detailed description provides a preferred exemplary embodiment only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration ofthe present invention. Rather, the detailed description ofthe preferred exemplary embodiment provides those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing the preferred exemplary embodiment ofthe invention. It should be understood that various changes can be made in the function and arrangement of elements and steps without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention as set forth in the appended claims.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de déterminer un mouvement anatomique optimal, tel qu'un swing de golf. Le procédé peut comprendre les étapes consistant : à enregistrer des données à partir d'une pluralité d'individus (3) exécutant un mouvement anatomique, des capteurs (2) étant fixés sur le corps des individus (3) et les positions des capteurs (2) étant mesurées, puis à extraire une pluralité de paramètres reflétant le mouvement anatomique des données, à obtenir une pluralité de paramètres physiologiques associés à la pluralité de paramètres reflétant le mouvement anatomique, à dériver des facteurs bio-mécaniques de la pluralité de paramètres physiologiques et à obtenir un ensemble de valeurs destiné à un mouvement anatomique optimal à partir des facteurs bio-mécaniques et de la pluralité de paramètres physiologiques.
PCT/AU2003/001575 2002-12-02 2003-11-26 Procede permettant de determiner un mouvement anatomique optimal WO2004049944A1 (fr)

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AU2003283118A AU2003283118A1 (en) 2002-12-02 2003-11-26 A method of determining an optimal anatomic motion

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EP3549645A1 (fr) 2007-11-05 2019-10-09 Brian Francis Mooney Procédé et système d'analyse d'un swing de golf
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EP3549645A1 (fr) 2007-11-05 2019-10-09 Brian Francis Mooney Procédé et système d'analyse d'un swing de golf
US8139822B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2012-03-20 Allen Joseph Selner Designation of a characteristic of a physical capability by motion analysis, systems and methods
US11944428B2 (en) 2015-11-30 2024-04-02 Nike, Inc. Apparel with ultrasonic position sensing and haptic feedback for activities
DE102017213829A1 (de) * 2017-08-08 2019-02-14 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zum Steuern einer Vorrichtung in einem schwerelosen Raum
DE102017213829B4 (de) * 2017-08-08 2020-03-12 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zum Steuern einer Vorrichtung in einem schwerelosen Raum

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