WO2004044947A2 - Circuits de stimulation et commande d'un dispositif medical electronique - Google Patents

Circuits de stimulation et commande d'un dispositif medical electronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004044947A2
WO2004044947A2 PCT/IL2003/000967 IL0300967W WO2004044947A2 WO 2004044947 A2 WO2004044947 A2 WO 2004044947A2 IL 0300967 W IL0300967 W IL 0300967W WO 2004044947 A2 WO2004044947 A2 WO 2004044947A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
subject
impedance
nerve
shunt
tissue
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2003/000967
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2004044947A3 (fr
Inventor
Yossi Gross
Alon Shalev
Avraham Keren
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Brainsgate Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brainsgate Ltd. filed Critical Brainsgate Ltd.
Priority to AU2003279515A priority Critical patent/AU2003279515A1/en
Publication of WO2004044947A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004044947A2/fr
Publication of WO2004044947A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004044947A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/378—Electrical supply
    • A61N1/3787—Electrical supply from an external energy source
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to electronic medical devices, and specifically to devices and methods for safely exposing patients with implanted medical devices to RF energy.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging is a technique based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance that produces high quality images of the human body.
  • a patient is typically placed supine on a horizontal table that is moved through a large static magnetic field upon which are imposed rapidly changing and intense magnetic fields and pulses of radio frequency (RF) radiation.
  • RF radio frequency
  • Detailed information on the interior of the body is obtained by computer analysis of the magnetic resonance produced by the rapidly changing electric and magnetic fields.
  • the presence of strong and rapidly changing RF and magnetic fields is often a limitation upon the use of MRI. These fields may induce significant current flow in wires, electrodes, and other conductive material located in the area of the imaging equipment, as well as those attached to or implanted within the patient.
  • Such MRI- induced currents may interfere with the diagnostic quality of the MRI images or cause damage to the patient by, for example, unwanted heating of tissue in the vicinity of the conductive material.
  • the use of MRI is therefore often limited in instances in which the patient has permanently implanted devices that are electromagnetically responsive to the applied fields.
  • US Patent 5,445,162 to Ives which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a method of electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during MRI so that data can be attained that enable correlation between anatomical information and particular neurophysiological phenomena.
  • US Patent 6,032,063 to Hoar et al. which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a leadwire harness system used for recording an electrocardiogram (ECG) during MRI.
  • the system includes a set of leadwires each having a nichrome wire helically wound on a bundle of glass or other high strength fibers and surrounded by an insulating jacket.
  • apparatus for reducing undesired RF- induced effects on tissue of a patient with an implanted medical device having two or more conductive elements comprises a low-resistance shunt adapted to be placed in parallel in a circuit defined by the conductive elements and tissue with which they are in contact.
  • the electrical resistance of the shunt is typically substantially less than that of the tissue of the circuit, so that a substantial portion of the current generated in the circuit by the RF energy passes through the lower-resistance shunt instead of through the tissue.
  • the shunt is adapted for protecting against RF energy produced by imaging modalities, such as MRI.
  • the shunt improves the quality of MRI images or of other RF-mediated diagnostic modalities, such as by reducing or relocating eddy currents and/or by reducing the temperature of the tissue.
  • the shunt comprises a switch, which is closed when the patient is exposed to RF energy, such as during an MRI procedure, thereby incorporating the shunt into the circuit.
  • the switch When the switch is open, the shunt is electrically removed from the circuit, allowing the implanted device to operate normally.
  • the switch is configured so that its default setting is closed, and it is only opened when a procedure is being performed using the implanted device. When this configuration is used, the patient can generally be safely exposed to a source of RF energy, such as MRI, since the shunt is by default included in the circuit defined by the conductive elements and the tissue.
  • the switch comprises an optical or an RF-operated switch, which enables the remote operation of the switch.
  • the shunt comprises a frequency-dependent resonant circuit, the impedance of which changes substantially when it is exposed to certain RF frequencies, such as those typically used in MRI. As a result, the shunt functions as a self-switching device, without the need for an externally-controlled discrete switch.
  • a method for use with an implanted medical device having two conductive elements in contact with tissue of a subject including: providing a first impedance between the conductive elements when the subject is exposed to a source of radiofrequency (RF) energy; and providing a second impedance between the conductive elements, at least two times greater than the first impedance, when the subject is not exposed to the RF energy.
  • RF radiofrequency
  • providing the first impedance includes providing a resistance.
  • providing the first impedance includes providing a capacitance.
  • providing the first impedance includes providing an impedance less than 2000 ohms.
  • providing the second impedance includes providing an impedance at least 4 times greater than the first impedance.
  • providing the second impedance includes providing an impedance of at least 3000 ohms.
  • providing the first impedance includes providing an impedance at least 50% less than an impedance of the tissue.
  • the tissue includes heart tissue of the subject and the conductive elements are in contact with the heart tissue, and providing the first impedance includes providing the first impedance between the conductive elements in contact with the heart tissue.
  • the tissue includes tissue of a structure of the subject and the conductive elements are in contact with the tissue of the structure, the structure selected from the list consisting of: a sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) of the subject, an anterior ethmoidal nerve of the subject, a posterior ethmoidal nerve of the subject, a communicating branch between an anterior ethmoidal nerve and a retro-orbital branch of an SPG of the subject, a communicating branch between a posterior ethmoidal nerve and a retro-orbital branch of an SPG of the subject, a greater palatine nerve of the subject, a lesser palatine nerve of the subject, a sphenopalatine nerve of the subject, a communicating branch between a maxillary nerve and an SPG of the subject, a nasopalatine nerve of the subject, a posterior nasal nerve of the subject, an irifraorbital nerve of the subject, an otic ganglion of the subject, an afferent fiber going into
  • the tissue includes tissue in a head of the subject and the conductive elements are. in contact with the tissue in the head, and providing the first impedance includes providing the first impedance between the conductive elements in contact with the tissue in the head.
  • the tissue includes brain tissue of the subject and the conductive elements are in contact with the brain tissue, and providing the first impedance includes providing the first impedance between the conductive elements in contact with the brain tissue.
  • providing the second impedance includes providing an open circuit between the conductive elements.
  • providing the open circuit includes providing the open circuit unless an override signal to provide a closed circuit is received.
  • providing the open circuit includes receiving a signal from a remote site, and providing the open circuit responsive to the signal.
  • the signal includes an infrared signal, and providing the open circuit includes providing the open circuit responsive to the infrared signal.
  • the signal includes an RF signal, and providing the open circuit includes providing the open circuit responsive to the radiofrequency signal.
  • the source of RF energy includes a diagnostic imaging modality
  • providing the first impedance includes providing the first impedance when the subject is exposed to the imaging modality
  • providing the second impedance includes providing the second impedance when the subject is not exposed to the imaging modality.
  • the imaging modality includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • providing the first impedance includes providing the first impedance when the subject is exposed to the MRI
  • providing the second impedance includes providing the second impedance when the subject is not exposed to the MRI.
  • providing the first impedance including providing the first impedance when the tissue is exposed to RF energy with a frequency greater than a threshold value no greater than the lowest frequency of RF energy generated by an MRI device generating the RF energy
  • providing the second impedance includes providing the second impedance when the tissue is not exposed to RF energy with a frequency greater than the threshold value.
  • the threshold value is 5 MHz
  • providing the first impedance includes providing the first impedance when the tissue is exposed to RF energy with a frequency greater than 5 MHz.
  • apparatus for use with an implanted medical device having two conductive elements in contact with tissue of a subject, the apparatus including a shunt, electrically coupled between the conductive elements, the shunt adapted to be in a first state when the subject is exposed to a source of radiofrequency (RF) energy, and adapted to be in a second state when the subject is not exposed to the RF energy, the shunt being characterized such that in the first state the shunt has a first impedance, and in the second state the shunt has a second impedance at least two times greater than the first impedance.
  • RF radiofrequency
  • the conductive elements include electrodes.
  • the shunt includes: a impeding element, adapted to provide the first impedance when the shunt is in the first state; and a switch, adapted to provide the second impedance by providing an open circuit between the conductive elements when the shunt is in the second state.
  • the impeding element includes at least one resistor, adapted to provide at least a portion of the first impedance.
  • the impeding element includes at least one capacitor, adapted to provide at least a portion of the first impedance.
  • the impeding element includes resistive material, adapted to provide at least a portion of the first impedance.
  • the impeding element is adapted to have a surface area greater than a surface area of the conductive elements.
  • the switch is adapted to provide the open circuit unless the switch receives an override signal to provide a closed circuit.
  • the apparatus includes an external controller, adapted to remotely operate the switch, and the switch is adapted to be remotely operated by the external controller.
  • the switch includes an infrared-sensitive optical switch, and the external control is adapted to remotely operate the infrared- sensitive optical switch.
  • the switch includes a radiofrequency- operated switch, and the external control is adapted to remotely operate the radiofrequency-operated switch.
  • apparatus including a medical device including: two or more conductive elements, adapted to be implanted in a subject and brought in contact with tissue of the subject; and a shunt, electrically coupled between the conductive elements, the shunt adapted to be in a first state when the subject is exposed to a source of radiofrequency (RF) energy, and adapted to be in a second state when the subject is not exposed to the RF energy, the shunt being characterized such that in the first state the shunt has a first impedance, and in the second state the shunt has a second impedance at least two times greater than the first impedance.
  • RF radiofrequency
  • the medical device includes a control unit, adapted to operate the medical device.
  • the conductive elements include electrodes.
  • the medical device is adapted to be implanted in a body of the subject.
  • the shunt is adapted to be implanted in a body of the subject.
  • the conductive elements are adapted to be implanted in a body of the subject.
  • the conductive elements are adapted to be implanted in a heart of the subject.
  • the conductive elements are adapted to be implanted in a structure of the subject selected from the list consisting of: a sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) of the subject, an anterior ethmoidal nerve of the subject, a posterior ethmoidal nerve of the subject, a communicating branch between an anterior ethmoidal nerve and a retro-orbital branch of an SPG of the subject, a communicating branch between a posterior ethmoidal nerve and a retro-orbital branch of an SPG of the subject, a greater palatine nerve of the subject, a lesser palatine nerve of the subject, a sphenopalatine nerve of the subject, a communicating branch between a maxillary nerve and an SPG of the subject, a nasopalatine nerve of the subject, a posterior
  • SPG sphen
  • the conductive elements are adapted to be implanted in a head of the subject.
  • the conductive elements are adapted to be implanted in a brain of the subject.
  • the medical device includes a control unit, adapted to operate the switch.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic, pictorial illustration showing a circuit defined by an implanted medical device, tissue of a patient, and a shunt, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a stimulation device for electrically stimulating a site of a patient, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating a transfer function gain, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 are schematic illustrations of circuits of an external unit and an internal unit, respectively, of an electrical stimulation device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic, pictorial illustration showing a circuit 32 defined by an implanted medical device 30 and tissue 12 of a patient, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Implanted medical device 30 comprises a control unit 10, a shunt 18, and two or more implanted conductive elements, such as electrodes 14, which are in electrical contact with tissue 12.
  • Tissue 12 acts as a resistive element of resistance Rrr in circuit 32.
  • the RF energy acts as an AC voltage source 16 which induces current to flow in circuit 32.
  • circuit 32 In the absence of shunt 18, if circuit 32 is open at device 10, a substantial portion of the induced current flows through tissue 12, which may result in injurious heating of the tissue. If circuit 32 is shorted at device 10, leads 24 of the electrodes generate heat, which may result in injurious heating of tissue 12 and/or tissue in contact with the leads. Exposure to the RF energy may also damage medical device 30.
  • Shunt 18 comprises an impeding element 26 having an impedance R ⁇ , the element comprising, for example, resistive material, one or more resistors, one or more capacitors, or substantially any other material, component, or circuit known in the art to have an impedance.
  • impeding element 26 has a impedance at least 50% less than the impedance Rj of tissue 12.
  • impeding element 26 has an impedance of less than between about 500 and about 1000 ohms.
  • Shunt 18 is connected to circuit 32 such that the shunt is in parallel with AC voltage source 16 and resistance RQ.
  • shunt 18 is implanted in the patient at a site less sensitive to heat than tissue 12.
  • shunt 18 is placed external to the patient, such as in a case attached to an external surface of the patient.
  • Resistance R ⁇ of shunt 18 is typically substantially less than resistance R of tissue 12. Therefore, a substantial portion of the current induced by AC voltage source 16 flows through impeding element 26 of the shunt, instead of through tissue 12 thereby reducing possible harmful heating of tissue 12. Heat generated at impeding element 26 is generally not harmful, because of the placement of the shunt, as described hereinabove. Furthermore, for some applications, impeding element 26 is configured to have a surface area substantially larger than the surface area of electrodes 14. Thus, the total heat generated is distributed over a greater area, resulting in less heating of tissue in contact with impeding element 26. (The total heat generated is not necessarily equal to that which would have been generated in the absence of the shunt, in part because the amount of current generated may change because of the inclusion of the shunt in the circuit.)
  • shunt 18 further comprises a switch 20, which is closed when the patient is exposed to RF energy (such as during an MRI procedure or during another RF-facilitated procedure), thereby incorporating the shunt into circuit 32.
  • switch 20 When switch 20 is open, shunt 18 is electrically removed from circuit 32, allowing implanted device 30 to operate normally.
  • the switch is configured so that its default setting is closed, and it is only opened when it receives an override signal indicating the procedure is being performed using the implanted device. When this configuration is used, the patient can generally be safely exposed to RF energy, such as that -generated by MRI, since the shunt is by default included in circuit 32.
  • control unit 10 is adapted to operate switch 20.
  • switch 20 is remotely operated by an external controller 22, which activates the switch and, for some applications, monitors the status of the switch.
  • switch 20 typically comprises an infrared (TR)- sensitive optical switch, an RF-operated switch, or an ultrasound-coupled switch.
  • TR infrared
  • An optical switch generally does not experience interference from MRI, since MRI procedures typically do not use TR radiation.
  • the RF- operated switch is configured to operate at frequencies outside of the range of frequencies used in MRI, so as to avoid interference with the MRI.
  • shunt 18 comprises a self-activating frequency-dependent circuit configured such that its impedance drops significantly when the circuit is exposed to certain RF frequencies, such as those typically used in MRI.
  • RF frequencies such as those typically used in MRI.
  • shunt 18 functions as a self-switching device, without the need for an externally-controlled discrete switch.
  • shunt 18 when exposed to RF frequencies in the frequency range not included in that of interfering electromagnetic energy, shunt 18 has an impedance at least 4 times greater than its impedance when exposed to RF frequencies in the frequency range of interfering electromagnetic energy.
  • the shunt may comprise an appropriate combination of resistance, inductance, and capacitance such that its impedance drops substantially above a certain lower frequency, such as 5 MHz.
  • shunt 18 When exposed to RF frequencies in the interference frequency range, shunt 18 typically has an impedance equal to less than about 50% of the impedance of the tissue that it is adapted to stimulate, as may be measured between two poles of the electrodes of device 30.
  • shunt 18 When not exposed to RF frequencies in the interference frequency range, shunt 18 typically has an impedance equal to greater than about 150% of the impedance of the tissue that it is adapted to stimulate, as may be measured between two poles of the electrodes of device 30.
  • Implanted device 30 is suitable for use in substantially any site in the body, including, but not limited to, the heart, the brain, and the head.
  • the device 30 comprises a pacemaker, a neural stimulator, a cranial nerve stimulator, a stimulator of the otic ganglion or the sphenopalatine ganglion or associated neuroanatomical structures, or a stimulator of peripheral nerves.
  • the techniques described herein are used in conjunction with methods and apparatus described in the above-cited PCT Patent Publication WO 01/85094 to Shalev et al.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a stimulation device 100 for electrically stimulating a site of a patient, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Stimulation device 100 comprises an external unit 60, an implanted unit 40, and one or more electrodes 50, either electrically coupled to implanted unit 40 over one or more leads 48, or integrated directly into circuitry of implanted unit 40.
  • External unit 60 and internal unit 40 comprise a transmitter coil 62 and a receiver coil 42, respectively.
  • Circuitry in external unit 60 described below, drives transmitter coil 62 to generate an electromagnetic field, which induces a voltage drop in receiving coil 42 that is used to power circuitry of implanted unit 40, as described below.
  • transmitting coil 62 and receiving coil 42 are both tuned to a frequency of between about 100 kHz and about 10 MHz, such as a frequency of 6.78 MHz.
  • the wireless coupling of the external and internal units facilitates the long-term implantation of implanted unit 40, which generally remains inactive when not wirelessly driven by the external unit.
  • external unit 60 is temporarily placed in a vicinity of implanted unit 40 during a stimulation procedure, typically on an external surface of the body or in the mouth.
  • External unit 60 comprises a resonance circuit 64, an RF amplifier 66, a power supply 72, and an RF generator 74.
  • Power supply 72 and RF generator 74 supply RF amplifier 66 with power and an RF signal, respectively.
  • RF amplifier 66 amplifies the RF signal and outputs the amplified signal to resonance circuit 64, which drives transmitter coil 62 to generate the electromagnetic field.
  • external unit 60 comprises a control unit, which drives the RF generator, power supply, and RF amplifier.
  • external unit 60 typically comprises an RF detector 68, which provides feedback for the induced current in the implanted circuit, and generates a feedback signal responsive thereto. The feedback signal is amplified by a feedback amplifier 70, which outputs an amplified feedback signal to control unit 76.
  • the control unit passes the feedback signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and samples the converted signal using the CPU of the control unit.
  • implanted unit 40 comprises a receiver coil 42, a resonance circuit 44, and an RF envelope detector 46.
  • Receiving coil 42 is typically tuned to substantially the same frequency as transmitting coil 62.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph 53 illustrating a transfer function gain, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • implanted unit 40 further comprises a low-pass filter 52 (Fig. 1).
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of a transfer function gain produced by low- pass filter 52.
  • implanted unit 40 is shown in the figures as incorporated in an integrated unit, this is for the sake of illustration only. In some embodiments of the present invention, one or more of the components of implanted unit 40 are located in one or more separate units, coupled to one another and or implanted unit 40 over wires or wirelessly.
  • Stimulation device 100 is suitable for stimulating substantially any site in which electrodes 50 and near which implanted unit 40 can be implanted, including, but not limited to:
  • SPG sphenopalatine ganglion
  • anterior ethmoidal nerve a sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) (also called a pterygopalatine ganglion); • an anterior ethmoidal nerve;
  • a nerve of the pterygoid canal also called a vidian nerve
  • a nerve of the pterygoid canal also called a vidian nerve
  • a greater superficial petrosal nerve a preganglionic parasympathetic nerve
  • a lesser deep petrosal nerve a postganglionic sympathetic nerve
  • • a greater palatine nerve • a lesser palatine nerve;
  • a cranial nerve such as a vagus nerve, a glossopharyngeal nerve, or a vestibulocochlear nerve
  • a pudendal nerve • a nerve of an upper or lower limb.
  • stimulation device 100 is used in conjunction with the techniques and/or apparatus described hereinabove with reference to Fig. 1.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 are schematic illustrations of a circuit 80 of an external unit and of a circuit 90 of an implanted unit, respectively, of an electrical stimulation device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Coil connection 82 of circuit 80 (Fig. 4) is typically connected to a coil similar to transmitting coil 62, described hereinabove with reference to Fig. 2.
  • Coil connection 92 of circuit 90 (Fig. 5) is typically connected to a coil similar to receiving coil 42, described hereinabove with reference to Fig. 2.
  • VCCJhigh and VCC_low (Fig. 4) typically have voltages of 7.2 and 0 volts, respectively.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil destiné à l'utilisation conjointe avec un dispositif médical (30) implanté comprenant deux éléments conducteurs (14) entrant en contact avec le tissu (12) d'un sujet. Cet appareil comprend un shunt (18) couplé électriquement avec les éléments conducteurs (14), ce shunt étant conçu de manière à présenter un premier état lorsque le sujet est exposé à une source d'énergie radiofréquence (RF), et un second état lorsque le sujet n'est pas exposé à une énergie RF. Ce shunt est en outre caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une première impédance dans le premier état, et une seconde impédance, au moins deux fois plus élevée que la première impédance, dans le second état.
PCT/IL2003/000967 2002-11-14 2003-11-13 Circuits de stimulation et commande d'un dispositif medical electronique WO2004044947A2 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003279515A AU2003279515A1 (en) 2002-11-14 2003-11-13 Stimulation circuitry and control of electronic medical device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US42618202P 2002-11-14 2002-11-14
US60/426,182 2002-11-14

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1754510A1 (fr) 2005-08-19 2007-02-21 Brainsgate Ltd. Stimulation pour le traitement d'événements cérébraux et d'autres conditions
WO2009027755A1 (fr) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique (Inra) Dispositif et procédé de réduction de poids
US7684859B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2010-03-23 Brainsgate Ltd. Stimulation of the OTIC ganglion for treating medical conditions
US7860569B2 (en) 2007-10-18 2010-12-28 Brainsgate, Ltd. Long-term SPG stimulation therapy for prevention of vascular dementia
US7908000B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2011-03-15 Brainsgate Ltd. Transmucosal electrical stimulation
DE202011104334U1 (de) * 2011-08-12 2012-11-21 Brain Products Gmbh EEG-Elektrode mit einem Indikator zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit bei EEG-Aufnahmen insbesondere während einer Abtastung mittels eines bildgebenden Verfahrens
US9675796B2 (en) 2013-11-10 2017-06-13 Brainsgate Ltd. Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator
US10271907B2 (en) 2015-05-13 2019-04-30 Brainsgate Ltd. Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator
US11317806B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2022-05-03 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless sensor device

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US9233245B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2016-01-12 Brainsgate Ltd. SPG stimulation

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US5335657A (en) * 1991-05-03 1994-08-09 Cyberonics, Inc. Therapeutic treatment of sleep disorder by nerve stimulation
US5358514A (en) * 1991-12-18 1994-10-25 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Implantable microdevice with self-attaching electrodes
US6231516B1 (en) * 1997-10-14 2001-05-15 Vacusense, Inc. Endoluminal implant with therapeutic and diagnostic capability

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5335657A (en) * 1991-05-03 1994-08-09 Cyberonics, Inc. Therapeutic treatment of sleep disorder by nerve stimulation
US5358514A (en) * 1991-12-18 1994-10-25 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Implantable microdevice with self-attaching electrodes
US6231516B1 (en) * 1997-10-14 2001-05-15 Vacusense, Inc. Endoluminal implant with therapeutic and diagnostic capability

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7684859B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2010-03-23 Brainsgate Ltd. Stimulation of the OTIC ganglion for treating medical conditions
US8954149B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2015-02-10 Brainsgate Ltd. External stimulation of the SPG
US7908000B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2011-03-15 Brainsgate Ltd. Transmucosal electrical stimulation
US8010189B2 (en) 2004-02-20 2011-08-30 Brainsgate Ltd. SPG stimulation for treating complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage
EP1754510A1 (fr) 2005-08-19 2007-02-21 Brainsgate Ltd. Stimulation pour le traitement d'événements cérébraux et d'autres conditions
US11317806B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2022-05-03 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Wireless sensor device
WO2009027425A2 (fr) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique (Inra) Dispositif et procédé de réduction de poids
WO2009027425A3 (fr) * 2007-08-28 2009-04-16 Agronomique Inst Nat Rech Dispositif et procédé de réduction de poids
WO2009027755A1 (fr) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique (Inra) Dispositif et procédé de réduction de poids
US7860569B2 (en) 2007-10-18 2010-12-28 Brainsgate, Ltd. Long-term SPG stimulation therapy for prevention of vascular dementia
DE202011104334U1 (de) * 2011-08-12 2012-11-21 Brain Products Gmbh EEG-Elektrode mit einem Indikator zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit bei EEG-Aufnahmen insbesondere während einer Abtastung mittels eines bildgebenden Verfahrens
US9675796B2 (en) 2013-11-10 2017-06-13 Brainsgate Ltd. Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator
US10512771B2 (en) 2013-11-10 2019-12-24 Brainsgate Ltd. Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator
US10271907B2 (en) 2015-05-13 2019-04-30 Brainsgate Ltd. Implant and delivery system for neural stimulator

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