WO2004040699A1 - Procede de conversion pour l'emission et la reception d'une valeur de ponderation dans un systeme d'antennes intelligent - Google Patents

Procede de conversion pour l'emission et la reception d'une valeur de ponderation dans un systeme d'antennes intelligent Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004040699A1
WO2004040699A1 PCT/CN2002/000765 CN0200765W WO2004040699A1 WO 2004040699 A1 WO2004040699 A1 WO 2004040699A1 CN 0200765 W CN0200765 W CN 0200765W WO 2004040699 A1 WO2004040699 A1 WO 2004040699A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
array
transmission
receiving
transmit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2002/000765
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jiewei Ding
Junfeng Zhang
Yibin Zhai
Original Assignee
Zte Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zte Corporation filed Critical Zte Corporation
Priority to EP02772015A priority Critical patent/EP1571730B8/en
Priority to CNB028297180A priority patent/CN100355150C/zh
Priority to AT02772015T priority patent/ATE548782T1/de
Priority to PT02772015T priority patent/PT1571730E/pt
Priority to ES02772015T priority patent/ES2382374T3/es
Priority to PCT/CN2002/000765 priority patent/WO2004040699A1/zh
Priority to AU2002338171A priority patent/AU2002338171A1/en
Publication of WO2004040699A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004040699A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for transmitting and receiving data using an array antenna and for performing communication in a multiple-access manner, and in particular, to a frequency division duplex mobile communication system for transmitting and receiving data using an array antenna, according to an array antenna receiving right.
  • the value determines the method of emission weight.
  • a receiving device and method for time-diversifying and merging received signals are used in existing communication systems.
  • a receiver with a multi-branch structure is used in a CDMA system, where each branch is synchronized with a multipath group traveling along a separate path. Each branch is a separate receiver element whose function is to demodulate the desired received signal component.
  • coherent or irrelevant methods are used to combine signals received by different receiver elements to improve the quality of the received signal.
  • This receiver is also called a Rake receiver, which can superimpose the multipath energy of different delays of the same user together according to a certain rule, thereby improving the performance of the receiver.
  • Rake receivers can be viewed as time-diversity combining of desired signals. However, this receiver only utilizes the time domain characteristics of signal transmission, but does not effectively utilize the spatial characteristics of signal transmission. In the process of signal reception, it is also possible to use space diversity to receive and divide signals. The set transmission mode resists multipath interference.
  • a base station for a base station, two antennas spaced at several working electromagnetic wave wavelengths are generally set. Due to the multipath of each user, Rayleigh fading occurs. The correlation between the two signals received by the two antennas is very small. Channel signals can be combined with maximum ratio, equal gain, or selective combination to achieve spatial diversity, thereby improving the performance of the communication system; however, for mobile stations (especially mobile phones), due to their price, volume and battery capacity, etc. The limitation makes it generally not feasible to implement antenna reception diversity at a mobile station. Therefore, another idea to improve the performance of the downlink channel is to implement antenna diversity at the base station.
  • the WCD A protocol defines Two open-loop transmit diversity modes and two closed-loop transmit diversity modes: Time Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD), based on Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD), closed loop Transmit diversity (closed loop mode transmit diversity) mode 1, closed loop transmit diversity mode 2.
  • TSTD Time Switched Transmit Diversity
  • STTD Space Time Transmit Diversity
  • closed loop Transmit diversity closed loop mode transmit diversity
  • the data to be transmitted generates two signals according to a certain method, and is transmitted through the two transmission channels provided by the two antennas.
  • the smart antenna uses more than two single antenna array elements to form an antenna array.
  • the signals received by each array element are weighted and summed with appropriate weights after radio frequency processing to achieve the effect of spatial directional reception.
  • the transmission data In order to achieve directional transmission at the same time as directional reception, the transmission data must be similarly weighted to Directed launch.
  • the essence of weighting is a kind of spatial filtering.
  • a weight vector corresponds to a certain beam pattern.
  • the key to achieving directional reception and directional transmission is to make the beam pattern corresponding to the transmission weight the same as the beam pattern corresponding to the reception weight. Or very similar.
  • Smart antennas can also be considered as a space division multiple access (SDMA) technology.
  • SDMA space division multiple access
  • DBF Digital Beam Former
  • Time Division Duplex Time Division Duplex
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • the base station and the mobile station use the same frequency to transmit and receive signals.
  • receiving and sending are separated and alternated in time. Only receiving and not sending for a period of time, and only sending for a period of time. No receiving, you can achieve asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission by adjusting the length of the receiving and sending time; however, due to the influence of transmission delay, the coverage of the base station in TDD technology is relatively small, it is difficult to expand, and because the same frequency is used for sending and receiving, The interference is relatively large, and the interference between adjacent cells is also relatively large.
  • the base station and the mobile station continuously transmit and receive in time, and the uplink and downlink frequencies are different.
  • the FDD technology can realize a relatively large cell, and there is no interference between uplink and downlink, and the interference between adjacent cells is relatively small, and it is simpler to implement than TDD.
  • FDD has a wider range of applications.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • PDC Personal Digital Cellular
  • ADC American Digital Cellular
  • WCDMA Wideband Code-Division Mult iple
  • CDDMA2000 and other systems all use FDD duplex mode
  • TDD is in DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Digital communication systems such as Telecommunications, PHS (Personal Handyphone System), and TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronous Code Division Mult iple Access), WCDMA asymmetric frequency band and other systems are used.
  • the transmission and reception (uplink and downlink) weights are the same, the beam pattern is also the same, and the processing is relatively simple.
  • the base station ’s transmit and receive frequencies are different, and the beam pattern is also related to the radio frequency, the same transmit and receive weights correspond to a small M beam pattern. To make the transmit and receive beam patterns close to the same, you must use Transmit weights with different receive weights.
  • the expected user signal arrival direction angle information is usually extracted from the received array signals, and then a beam pointing to the arrival direction angle is formed.
  • DOA Direction Of Arrival
  • the weight value changes. Its essence is to maximize the energy of the received desired user signal, and at the same time limit the interference in other directions to a limited extent.
  • Phased arrays belong to this technology.
  • the reception weight of this smart antenna is obtained by a certain algorithm according to the detected DOA parameters, and the transmission weight can also be obtained by a similar algorithm according to D0A.
  • partially adaptive smart antennas are better than that of pre-multibeam smart antennas, which can take advantage of the spatial distribution characteristics of signals at specific times, but partially adaptive smart antennas Still, the spatial information of the signal is not fully used, and the range of adaptation is also limited. For example: all amplitudes of the phased array are the same and cannot be changed, only the phase can be adaptively changed; and the algorithm for extracting the direction angle is more complicated, and the specific implementation There are still some problems.
  • the weight of this antenna does not need to be set in advance, but is constantly updated according to certain criteria according to the change in the spatial distribution of the signal.
  • the amplitude and phase of the weight can be freely updated. This method can be used when the update algorithm converges. Make full use of the spatial characteristics of the desired user signal and the interference signal to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal, and some adaptive smart antennas generally do not consider the arrival direction of the interference signal. This is a very desirable result, it can be said that it is the highest state of smart antennas.
  • the transmission weight of such a smart antenna is determined by the received reception weight.
  • a wireless communication system using a fully adaptive antenna array can achieve the best system performance, but in practical applications, there are still some key technical issues that need to be solved, such as: In a system using the FDD method, how to It is one of the difficult problems that restrict the development of adaptive antenna.
  • Downlink beam optimization is defined as maximizing the average received power of the desired user, while keeping the average power received by other users combined with the noise power less than or equal to a certain constant level P Imax .
  • This optimization criterion itself adopts a compromise method, and the performance of the obtained downlink optimal weights is not superior to that of the uplink weights. This method is not optimal.
  • FDD is a more commonly used duplex communication method.
  • One of the key technologies to realize the full adaptive smart antenna in FDD communication system is to realize the conversion of receiving and transmitting weights in FDD.
  • the technique of using space diversity transmission is a relatively effective method for improving signal quality.
  • the current transmission diversity generally uses two antennas with a large distance to perform transmission diversity. How to use a smart antenna array (The distance between adjacent antennas is only about half a wavelength.) Transmit diversity is another difficult problem.
  • AirayComm which uses adaptive smart antennas as its main business, also finds ways to combine diversity and smart antennas. Their approach is to divide a common antenna array into two parts, such as dividing a 4-element antenna array into two 2-element arrays. Element antenna array, then the two small array elements are placed separately for receive and transmit diversity. This approach trades the advantages of transmit diversity at the cost of reducing the performance of the smart antenna, and the benefits in practical applications are not optimistic.
  • An object of the present invention is to propose a linear conversion method for smart antenna transmit / receive weights suitable for FDD mobile communication systems.
  • Another object of the present invention is a smart antenna transmit / receive weight conversion method combining Rake receive and transmit diversity.
  • a method for determining a transmission weight value according to a reception weight value of an array antenna in a frequency division duplex mobile system according to the present invention includes:
  • a method for determining a transmission weight according to a reception weight of an array antenna includes:
  • Steps for the monitor to obtain the transmission beam pattern of the array antenna according to the signal strength received by the transceiver at various angles;
  • the monitor compares the obtained transmit beam pattern and receive beam pattern of the array antenna to adjust the receive weight vector of the array antenna, so as to obtain a pair of transmit and receive weight vectors under the principle of minimum variance of the transmit and receive beam pattern. Steps
  • An array antenna transmit / receive weight conversion method combining Rake receive and transmit diversity includes the following steps:
  • a Rake receiver and a transmit diversity smart antenna are combined, and the characteristics of the space-time mke receiver are used to select an appropriate receive
  • the wave weights form the transmitted wave weights, and then the transmitted signals are diversified on two beams with less correlation.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a linear conversion method for transmitting and receiving weights according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a wave pattern corresponding to a reception weight applied to a linear array
  • FIG. 3 is a beam pattern corresponding to a transmission weight applied to a linear array
  • FIG. 4 is a beam pattern corresponding to a reception weight applied to a circular array
  • FIG. 5 is a beam pattern corresponding to emission weights applied to a circular array
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a smart antenna weight conversion method combining mke receive and transmit diversity according to the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of multipath propagation
  • FIG. 8 is a beam pattern corresponding to the strongest signal path obtained by the space-time rake receiver for the propagation environment of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a beam pattern corresponding to the second-strongest signal path obtained by the space-time rake receiver of the propagation environment of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a beam diagram of transmit diversity obtained by a weight conversion method for the propagation environment of FIG. 7;
  • Fig. 11 is a transmission beam diagram obtained by weight conversion when the upper layer of the propagation environment of Fig. 7 does not use transmit diversity.
  • the transceiver referred to in the present invention may be a mobile station or a transceiver device including baseband processing on a base station.
  • the core idea of the smart antenna transmit / receive weight conversion method for FDD mobile communication system of the present invention is: According to the theoretical derivation, the transmit / receive frequency of the transceiver in the mobile communication system and a certain antenna array and the same transmit / receive rights of the beam pattern are known. The values correspond to a linear transformation relationship. This linear transformation matrix is calculated according to a reasonable theoretical model or measured according to the actual antenna array, and this transformation matrix can be used in communication to perform transmission and reception weight conversion. In a smart antenna system, signals received by different array elements in the antenna array are weighted and combined with different complex weights. These weights can be regarded as the components of a vector.
  • the weighted vector of weights for the received signal can be It is called the receiving weight vector, and it is called receiving weight for short.
  • the signals sent to each antenna array element are also weighted with different complex weights, and these weights can form a transmission weight vector.
  • the reception weight and the transmission weight are different, and a certain conversion is required.
  • each array element is arranged in any order in the same plane.
  • the polar coordinates of each array element are ⁇ ,), (r 2 , ⁇ 2 ),..., (r M , ⁇ ⁇ ),
  • Each array element has a radiation pattern function R »(9), m-1,2, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ e [0, 2 ⁇ ].
  • the center frequency of the received signal where c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air, and the carrier wave length of the received signal.
  • the signals reach the antenna array in the form of plane waves, and reach each The signal amplitude is the same when the antenna array element, but the phase difference of the same signal received by each array element is different due to the difference of the wave path from the signal to each array element.
  • the coordinate dots Is the reference point of the phase, and the phase on the m-th element is:
  • This vector can be called the steering vector when the array is received. It is a function of the signal arrival angle ⁇ and is also related to the operating frequency. If the array antenna transmits a signal, and then the other party receives in the direction of ⁇ , the phase of the transmission signal of each array element of the array antenna received by the other party is also different. Similarly, let the transmission frequency be f t and the corresponding wavelength ⁇ instruct ⁇ , -2 ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ , can obtain the steering vector of the array at launch:
  • the array elements are arranged in a three-dimensional space, they also have the steering vector P that they receive and transmit, but the expression of the steering vector is more complicated.
  • the smart antenna receives a weighted M-dimensional complex sequence vector W and a transmitted weighted value is an M-dimensional complex sequence vector Wt
  • the M-dimensional complex sequence steering vector in the direction where the signal arrives at an angle of ⁇ is Vr ( ⁇ )
  • the angle during transmission is The M-dimensional complex sequence steering vector in the direction of ⁇ is Vt ( ⁇ ).
  • equation (6) can also be used for numerical calculation. Divide 0 to 2 ⁇ into multiple enough K sector sectors, and the angle width of each sector is sufficiently small ⁇ , and each sector represents the direction as
  • the so-called variance between the transmit and receive beam patterns is the smallest, which basically means that the transmit and receive beam patterns have better consistency, which means that in the communication process, which direction the received beam is aligned, the beam when transmitting the signal is right Which directions are accurate, so that the signal energy of the desired user can be maximized while suppressing the signal energy of the interfering user as much as possible when receiving, and the radio frequency energy can be transmitted to the direction of the desired user as much as possible while the interference to users in other directions is smaller. From (7), we can see that as long as the linear transformation matrix T is determined, we can rely on A simple multiply-add algorithm implements the conversion of transmit and receive weights. This is a feature of the present invention.
  • Processing block 101 corresponds to the first step of the method
  • processing block 102 corresponds to the second step of the method
  • processing block 103 corresponds to the third step of the method. Specific instructions are as follows:
  • Step 1 When designing the transceiver, determine the transceiver weight conversion matrix. If the transceiver uses several pairs of symmetrical frequency bands, it is necessary to determine several conversion matrices. There are many ways to determine the transformation matrix i '. Here are some examples:
  • the antenna structure and the radiation pattern of the array element calculate the steering vectors in all directions when receiving and sending signals (the set of steering vectors in all directions can also be Called array manifolds) Vr ( ⁇ ) and Vt ( ⁇ ), and then use Equation (6) or (7) to calculate the transformation matrix T.
  • the pilot vectors Vr ( ⁇ ) and Vt ( ⁇ ) in each direction of transmission and reception are measured by experimental means, and then the conversion matrix T is calculated by using formula (6) or (7).
  • the measurement of the steering vector can be performed in a relatively open area or in a large shielded room.
  • a signal source can be placed at a fixed position, and an array antenna can be placed a few meters away from the signal source (such as 20 meters).
  • the array antenna is installed on a turntable that can be rotated horizontally, and can be rotated along with the turntable.
  • the signal source transmits signals at the receiving frequency of the array antenna, the array antenna receives the signals, and records the amplitude and phase of the received signals of the antenna elements when the array antenna is turned to various angles, and V r ( ⁇ ) can be obtained.
  • a receiving antenna is placed a few meters away (for example, 20 meters) away from the array antenna.
  • Each array element of the array antenna sequentially transmits the same signal at the transmitting frequency, and the amplitude and Phase, and then rotate the array antenna to various angles for measurement, and then Vt ( ⁇ ) can be obtained.
  • Weight adjustment can be in a relatively empty place or in a large shielded room.
  • Row. '-Fixed array antenna evenly place multiple (such as 25) transceivers on a circle centered on the array antenna (for array antennas applied to sectors, or arcs corresponding to sector angles), transceivers and The distance between the array antennas must be large enough (for example, 20 meters).
  • the array antenna weights the transmission signal with a certain transmission weight, and then transmits at the transmission frequency.
  • Each transceiver receives the transmission signal of the array antenna, measures the strength of the received signal, and sends the measurement result to a monitoring computer.
  • the monitoring computer can obtain the transmission beam pattern of the array antenna according to the received signal strength of the transceiver placed at various angles.
  • each transceiver transmits a signal spread by different spreading codes at the receiving frequency of the array antenna, and each transceiver transmits the same power.
  • the array antenna receives the signal, weights it by the receiving weight vector specified by the monitoring computer, and then weights each transceiver.
  • the transmitted signal is despread, the strength of the signals received from each transceiver is measured, and the measurement results are sent to a monitoring computer.
  • the monitoring computer can receive the receiving beam pattern of the array antenna.
  • the monitoring computer compares the difference of the receiving and transmitting beam patterns.
  • the amplitude adjustment array antenna receives the weight vector, and then measures the difference in the transmit and receive beam pattern after the adjustment. If the difference decreases, the adjustment is received, otherwise it returns to the state before the adjustment and randomly performs another small adjustment. In this way, if the adjustment is repeated, the difference between the transmission and reception patterns will become smaller and smaller, and if the adjustment is made to a certain degree (for example, 200 times), the difference can no longer be reduced, it is considered that the adjustment has been completed. This gives a pair of transmit and receive weights. Then change the array antenna transmission weight vector so that each component is different from the corresponding transmission weight in the transmit and receive weight pair, and then perform the above process to find the corresponding reception weight.
  • Step 2 The conversion matrix data information is implemented in the transceiver, and software and hardware modules implementing the (5) algorithm are provided in the transceiver. This conversion matrix is always useful, no matter how the mobile user changes, whether it is turned off or restarted, as long as the antenna array itself structure and transmit and receive frequency are unchanged, the conversion matrix obtained in the first step cannot be changed. Since formula (5) is only a multiplication and addition operation, the software and hardware conditions for implementing formula (5) are relatively simple.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a dedicated chip can be designed to implement.
  • Step 3 In the communication process, as the receiving right is worth continuously updating, the transmitting weight is also continuously updated by certain software and hardware based on the algorithm of formula (5), and the transmit and receive beam patterns are basically kept consistent.
  • the above method can be applied to any array form including linear array and circular array, and can also be used in any multiple access system including CDMA and TDMA, and has relatively wide applicability.
  • the method of the present invention is simulated.-Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the case where the method of the present invention is applied to an equally spaced linear array.
  • the receiving weights are randomly generated.
  • the number of array elements M is 8.
  • the receiving frequency WaveLenUp (uplink frequency) is 1920MHz .
  • the transmitting frequency WaveLenDown (downlink frequency) is 2110MHz.
  • the distance between adjacent array elements is half of the transmission signal wavelength.
  • Each array element is Omnidirectional antenna.
  • Curve 201 in FIG. 2A is a beam pattern corresponding to a randomly generated reception weight. Its main beam direction is about 62 degrees (because the omnidirectional linear array has axial symmetry, the beam pattern in the second half of the cycle is the same as the beam pattern in the first half of the cycle, and the second half of the cycle can be ignored).
  • the model is deduced.
  • the equation (7) is used to divide the circumference into 360 equal parts to calculate the transformation matrix T.
  • Curve 301 in FIG. 3 is a beam pattern of transmission weights after linear conversion. Compared with the uplink shown in FIG. 2, the difference between the two is small. It can be seen that the method of the present invention is effective.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show the application of the method of the present invention to a circular array.
  • the elements are evenly distributed on the circumference.
  • Each array element is an omnidirectional antenna.
  • a curve 401 in FIG. 4 is a beam pattern corresponding to a randomly generated uplink weight.
  • the weight transformation matrix is derived from the above model.
  • the derivation process In formula (7) the circumference is equally divided into 360 equal parts, and the conversion matrix D is calculated.
  • Curve 501 in FIG. 5 is a beam pattern of the emission weights after linear conversion. Compared with the beam weights of the uplink weights shown in FIG. 4, the beam notch and the directions of the main and side lobes are not different. The difference between the two is small. The effectiveness of the method of the invention can be seen.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a smart antenna weight conversion method combining rake receiving and transmitting diversity according to the present invention.
  • the core idea is: The Rake receiver forms a weight for each multipath. From these weights, the weight corresponding to the multipath with a better signal is selected, and then combined or not combined according to the requirements of transmit diversity to form One or two weights, and then use the weight conversion matrix to perform linear conversion on the one or two weights to obtain transmission weights, and use the transmission weights to beam weight the transmitted signals.
  • the smart antenna receiving and transmitting weight conversion method combining Rake receiving and transmitting diversity according to the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Space-time rake reception: Perform smart antenna baseband processing on each time-recognizable multipath in the rake receiver to form a receive beam weight vector.
  • the second step is to select weights: determine whether the upper layer of the base station instructs to perform transmit diversity, and if transmit diversity is required, select two or better corresponding receive signal quality (better than a certain threshold) from each receive beam weight vector. More than two beam weight vectors. If transmit diversity is not needed, one or more beam weight vectors corresponding to better received signal quality are selected from each received beam weight vector. The last selected weight vector is Wrl, Wr2,..., Wm in order according to the quality of the received signal.
  • the third step is weight combination: if transmission diversity is needed, the weight vector (Wr2, ..., Wrn) other than the weight vector (Wrl) corresponding to the best reception quality is added algebraically to obtain a new weight Vector Wrb. If transmission diversity is not required, all the weight vector (Wrl, Wr2, ..., Wrn) are added algebraically to obtain a channel weight vector Wr.
  • linear conversion Under the criterion of ensuring that the shape of the transmitting and receiving waves is basically unchanged, one (Wr) or two (Wrl, Wrb) beam weights obtained through the above steps are converted into a linear transmitting and receiving weight conversion method into One (Wt) or two (Wtl, Wt2) transmit beam weights corresponding to the transmit frequency.
  • Step 5 Transmit diversity: If the two transmit beam weights Wtl and Wt2 are obtained in step 4 (at this time, the higher-level instructs to perform transmit diversity), then use these two transmit beam weights to separately transmit the two channels of diversity signals to be transmitted. Beam weighted and sent to the RF system for transmission. If the fourth step obtains a transmission beam weight Wt, then use Wt to beam weight the data to be transmitted and then send it to the radio frequency system for transmission.
  • the processing block 60La and the determination block 601.b correspond to the first step, and the space-time rake processing is performed on the received signal, and each multipath has a receiving weight vector. If there is only one multipath, skip to processing block 604.a2, otherwise go to decision block 602.a to determine whether to perform transmit diversity. If a higher layer is required to perform transmit diversity, the processing blocks 602.bK, 603.aK, 604.al, and 605.al are sequentially executed, and two or more weights corresponding to better received signal quality are selected from the reception weights. If there are more than two, a new weight vector is obtained by adding the algebra of the weight vector except the corresponding receiving weight with the best quality, and then the two receiving beam weight vectors are converted into Two transmit beam weight vectors.
  • the shape of the transmit and receive beams obtained in this way is basically the same.
  • the two transmit beam weight vectors are used to beam weight the two diversity signals and send them to the radio frequency system for transmission.
  • the processing blocks 602.b2, 603.a2, 604.a2, and 605.a2 are sequentially executed. Compared with transmit diversity, in this case, only one weight vector needs to be synthesized. Select one or more better quality weight vector from the received beam weight vector, then add these weight vector algebras to get a new receiving weight vector, and then use the linear conversion method of receiving and sending weight to convert this receiving weight The value vector is converted into a transmission beam weight vector.
  • the transmission beam weight vector is used to beam weight the data to be transmitted, and then sent to the radio frequency system for transmission.
  • Decision block 602.a and processing blocks 602.bl and 602.b2 correspond to the second step of the method, and processing blocks 603.al and 603.a2 correspond to the third step of the method.
  • Processing block 604.al, 604.a2 is equivalent to the method In the fourth step, processing blocks 605.al and 605.a2 correspond to the fifth step of the method.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of multipath propagation.
  • the signal transmitted by the mobile station 701 reaches the base station antenna array 702 through three paths.
  • the signal energy reaching the base station antenna array through the direct path 711 has the highest energy (generally, the better the quality), the signal energy of the path 712 reflected by the obstacle 703 is the second, and the signal energy of the path 713 reflected by the obstacle 704 is the smallest.
  • the signal of the mobile station 701 is a desired signal to be processed next.
  • the signals transmitted by these two mobile stations are interference signals.
  • the signal from mobile station 705 reaches the base station antenna array via paths 751 and 752, and the signal from mobile station 706 reaches the base station antenna array via path 761.
  • FIG. 8 is a beam diagram corresponding to the weight vector in the space-time branch receiver corresponding to the strongest path 71 1 in the space-time Rake reception for the environment of FIG. 7.
  • the antenna array is a uniform linear array of 8 elements. In a 120-degree sector coverage, we only care about the sector range from 30 degrees to 150 degrees.
  • the physical meaning of the polar coordinate radius in the figure is the amplitude gain of the signal in a specific direction. It can be seen from the beam 801 in the figure that the signal gain is large at about 105 degrees, and the gain in other directions is small. In this way, the useful signal through the path 71 1 in FIG. 7 can be received well, and other The signals in the directions are all made of jitters.
  • FIG. 9 is a beam pattern corresponding to the second strongest path 712 for the environment of FIG. 7, that is, a beam pattern corresponding to a weight vector in another space-time branch receiver. Similar to the beam 801 in FIG. 8, the beam 901 in FIG. 9 has a large gain at about 50 degrees, and the gain in other directions is small, so that the useful signal through the path 712 in FIG. 7 can be well received. Signals in other directions are suppressed as interference. Finally, through Rake's multi-path combining, the energy of each multi-path signal can be combined together.
  • the rake receiver may not use this path or use this path to form another beam.
  • FIG. 10 is a beam pattern for the transmit diversity of the environment of FIG. 7.
  • the receiving weight vectors corresponding to the better quality beams 801 and 901 are selected, and then the transceiving weight linear conversion method is used to convert the two transmission weights, and the corresponding transmission beams are the beam 101 and the beam 102.
  • Two signals that need to transmit diversity are transmitted through beam 101, It is transmitted all the way through the beam 102.
  • the beam 101 corresponds to the beam 801 in FIG. 8, and the signal transmitted by this beam will reach the mobile station 701 from the base station antenna array through the path 71 1 in FIG. 7.
  • the beam 102 corresponds to the beam 901 in FIG.
  • this method achieves the usual transmit diversity and at the same time has very little interference with mobile stations in other directions (such as mobile stations 705 and 706 in Fig. 7), which has a negative impact on system communication quality. And contribute to the increase in capacity, while also reducing system power consumption.
  • Figure 11 is a beam map obtained by superimposing two strong beam weights for the environment of Figure 7. If higher layers do not specify the use of transmit diversity.
  • the transmit / receive weight conversion method superimposes the weight vector corresponding to the beam 801 in FIG. 8 and the beam 901 in FIG. 9 to obtain a beam pattern corresponding to the new weight vector.
  • the user data is transmitted from this beam and can reach the mobile station 701 from the base station antenna array through the paths 711 and 712 in FIG. 7, and has little interference with other mobile stations 705 and 706.
  • the signals from these two lobes can be received and combined by the mobile station's Rake receiver.
  • This method of transmitting and receiving weight conversion achieves another transmit diversity method to a certain extent.
  • This method can also achieve the effect similar to the usual transmit diversity (such as open-loop transmit diversity and closed-loop transmit diversity), and the mobile station receives and processes more It is simple, has little interference to other users, and requires relatively low power.
  • this transmission method can effectively combat the multipath changes in the mobile station's movement, improving the stability and robustness of the smart antenna system.
  • the linear conversion method of the transmit and receive weights provided by the present invention only performs a linear matrix operation, which only includes multiplication and addition operations, and the calculation is simple. This method can minimize the variance between the beam patterns corresponding to the transmit and receive weights, and the transmit and receive beam patterns have good consistency.
  • the linear conversion method of the transmit and receive weights solves a key problem in smart antenna technology-the transmit and receive weight conversion in the FDD system, which eliminates a major obstacle for the application of the smart antenna in the FDD system and has great significance.
  • the method for transmitting and receiving weight conversion combining the rake receiver and the transmit diversity proposed by the present invention can make full use of the information obtained by the rake receiver, and cleverly utilize the transmit diversity technology in the smart antenna, even when the upper layer does not specify the transmit diversity.
  • This method of transmitting and receiving weight conversion can also make the transmit beam weight have the function of diversity transmission, allowing the transmitted signal to pass through multiple better The path reaches each other.
  • This method solves the problem of organic combination of smart antenna and transmit diversity. Compared with the existing mobile communication system using only a certain technology, the present invention has certain advantages.
  • the method of the present invention can be used in any array form and any multiple-access frequency division duplex smart antenna communication system, and has wide applicability.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Description

智能天线收发权信转换方法
技术领域 本发明涉及一种采用阵列天线收发数据和以多址接入方式进行通 信的系统, 具体涉及一种在采用阵列天线收发数据的频分双工的移动 通信系统中, 根据阵列天线接收权值确定发射权值的方法。 背景技术 在一般的移动通信环境中, 基站和移动台之间的信号是沿接收机 和发射机之间的若干路径进行传播的。 这种多径传播现象主要是由信 号在发射机和接收机周围的物体表面的反射引起的。 由于传播路径的 不同, 同一信号沿不同路径到达接收机的传播时延和到达角度也不 同, 从而造成多径干扰和信号衰落。
为了减少多径干扰和降低信号衰落, 现有通信系统中采用了一种 对接收的信号进行时间分集合并的接收装置和方法。
以 CDMA系统为例。
在 CDMA系统中使用了一种多分支结构的接收机, 其中每一分 支与沿某一单独路径传播的多径组同步。 每一分支是一个单独的接收 机元件, 其功能是解调期望接收信号分量。 在传统的 CDMA系统中, 采用相干或不相干的方法合并不同接收机元件接收的信号, 以改善接 收信号质量。 这种接收机也叫瑞克 (Rake) 接收机, 其能把同一用户 不同时延的多径能量按一定规则叠加在一起, 从而提高了接收机的性 能。
Rake 接收机可以看成是对期望信号进行时间分集的合并。 但是, 这种接收机只是利用了信号传输的时域特性, 而未有效地利用信号传 输的空间特性, 在信号的接收过程中, 还可以利用空间分集接收和分 集发射的方式抵抗多径干扰。
仍以 CDMA系统为例。
在 CDMA系统中, 对于基站, 一般设置两根间隔数个工作电磁 波波长的天线, 由于各个用户多径的影响产生瑞利衰落, 两根天线接 收到的两路信号相关性很小,因此对两路信号进行最大比合并或等增 益合并或选择合并, 即可实现空间分集, 从而提高通信系统的性能; 然而, 对于移动台 (特别是手机), 由于其在价格、 体积和电池容量等 方面的限制, 使得在移动台实现天线接收分集一般不可行, 因此改善 下行信道性能的另一思路是在基站处实现天线的发射分集。
在基站处实现天线的发射分集, 不如灭线的接收分柒直观, 处理 起来也相对复杂。
近几年对天线发分集技术的研究相当活跃, 也取得了一些令人瞩 目的成果。 G. Jfoschini, Jr. And M. J. Gans在 ((On l imits of wireless comm. In a fading environment when using multiple antennas, Wireless Personal Co画. Vol. 6 No. 3 p. 311-335, Mar. 1998 " 中 计算了多天线发射系统在衰落信道中的信道容量。 V. Tarokh, N. Seshadri和 A. R. Calderbank提出将编码、调制和天线发分集有机 结合的空时卷积码和分组码。 WCD A协议定义了两种开环发分集模 式和两种闭环发分集模式,分别是时间切换开环发射分集(TSTD: Time Switched Transmit Diversity),基于空时编码开环发射分集(STTD: Space Time Transmit Diversity)、 闭环发射分集 (closed loop mode transmit diversity)模式 1、 闭环发射分集模式 2。
上述这些发射分集中均采用了两根天线, 待发送的数据按照一定 的方法生成两路信号, 通过这两根天线提供的两个发射通道, 分别发 送出去。
为了进一步利用不同信号的不同空间特性提高系统性能, 很多人 研究了智能天线技术, 也叫阵列天线技术。智能天线采用两个以上的 单天线阵元组成天线阵,每个阵元接收到的信号经过射频处理后用适 当的权值进行加权求和, 就能达到空间定向接收的效果。为了在实现 定向接收的同时实现定向发射,就要对发射数据进行类似的加权以实 现定向发射。加权的实质是一种空间滤波, 一个权值矢量对应着一定 的波束方向图, 实现定向接收和定向发射的关键是: 使得发射权值对 应的波束方向图与接收权值对应的波束方向图相同或非常相近。
智能天线也可以认为是一种空分多址 (SDMA: Space Division Multiple Access)技术。 在 SDMA中, 通过调整天线阵列所接收的信 号的相位和幅度, 使所需信号通过相加求和得到加强, 而其它干扰信 号通过相加求和得到削弱; 通过这种方式, 由天线阵列接收的信号, 经过数字信号处理进行数字波束赋形(DBF: Digital Beam Former)后, 可以实现所需信号的最大信噪比。
在通信系统中, 由于系统采用的双工通信的方式不同, 因此, 智 能天线的收发权值的确定也是不同的, SP : 要使收发波束的方向图趋 于一致, 所涉及的技术是不同的。 为了进一步说明, 首先将通信系统 的双工通信的模式作一简要说明。
在数字移动通信系统中, 有两种双工通信方式, 即: 时分双工 ( TDD : Time Division Duplex ) 和频分双工 ( FDD : Frequency Division Duplex)。
在 TDD方式中, 基站和移动台用同一个频率收发信号, 对基站 或移动台而言收信和发信在时间上是分开交替进行的,一段时间只收 信不发信, 一段时间只发信不收信,通过调整收发时间长短可以实现 上下行不对称传输; 但是, 由于传输时延的影响, TDD 技术中基站 的覆盖范围比较小, 很难扩大, 且由于收发使用同一频率, 收发之间 的干扰比较大, 相邻小区间的干扰也比较大。
在 FDD方式中, 基站和移动台在时间上连续收发, 上下行频率 不一样。 FDD 技术可以实现比较大的小区, 且没有上下行之间的干 扰, 相邻小区间的干扰也相对比较小, 实现起来比 TDD简单。
与 TDD方式相比, FDD的应用范围更广一些, 在 GSM(Global System for Mobile Communications), IS— 95, PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) , ADC ( American Digital Cellular) , WCDMA ( Wideband Code-Division Mult iple-Access )对称频段, Cdma2000等系统中都 采用了 FDD双工方式, TDD则在 DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications ) , PHS (Personal Handyphone System) 等数字无 绳电话系统和 TD - SCDMA (Time Divi sion Synchronous Code Division Mult iple Access) , WCDMA非对称频段等系统中采用。
如上所述, 在 TDD方式下, 由于基站的收发频率相同, 因此, 对于智能天线, 其收发 (上下行)'权值是一样的, 波束方向图也一样, 处理比较简单。 而在 FDD方式下, 由于基站的收发频率不同, 而波 束方向图和无线电频率也有关,因此相同的收发权值对应 小 M的波 束方向图,要使收发波束方向图接近一致, 就要使用与相应接收权值 不同的发射权值。
由于 FDD技术广泛应用于移动通信系统中, 因此, 如何根据接 收权值确定智能天线的发射权值,已经成为本领域的一个重要的技术 难题。
目前为止, 已经提出了一些解决方案, 但都存在一些不足: 首先: 预多波束智能天线
这种方案中, 预先设定一些指向不同方向的波束权值, 在通信过 程中选择接收信号比较好的那些波束权值加权结果进行后续处理,这 种方案的实现思路很容易想到, 在 FDD方式下, 这种智能天线收发 权值的对应关系主要由指向性参数来决定, 收发权值转换本身很简 单。 但是, 这种方案的缺点是: 需要预先给出较多较好的预先权值, 而没有充分利用具体时刻的信号空间分布特性,不能很好的提高接收 信号的信噪比。
第二: 部分自适应智能天线
这种方案中, 通常从接收的阵列信号中提取期望用户信号到达方 向角信息, 然后形成指向到达方向角的波束, 到达方向角 (DOA: Direction Of Arrival)变化则权值跟着变化。其实质是使接收到的期望 用户信号能量最大, 同时有限的压制其它方向的千扰, 相控阵就属于 这样的技术。 在 FDD方式下, 这种智能天线的接收权值是根据检测 到的 DOA参数按一定算法得到的, 发射权值也可以根据 D0A用类 似算法得到。 部分自适应智能天线的性能比预多波束智能天线要好, 能够利用具体时刻信号的空间分布特性,但是, 部分自适应智能天线 还是没有完全利用信号的空间信息, 自适应的范围也有限, 例如: 相 控阵的所有幅度都一样, 不能改变, 只有相位能自适应的改变; 而且 提取达到方向角的算法比较复杂, 具体实现时还存在一定问题。
第三: 全自适应智能天线
这种天线的权值不需要预先设置, 而是根据信号空间分布特性的 变化而按一定准则不断更新权值,权值的幅度和相位都可以自由的更 新,当更新算法收敛时这种方法能充分利用期望用户信号和干扰信号 的空间特性使接收到的信号的信噪比达到最大,而部分自适应智能天 线一般不考虑干扰信号的到达方向。这是很令人向往的结果, 可以说 是智能天线的最高境界。 在 FDD方式下, 这种智能天线的发射权值 要依靠所得到的接收权值来决定。
显然使用全自适应天线阵列的无线通信系统能达到最好的系统 性能, 但在实际应用中, 目前还需解决一些关键的技术问题, 例如: 在采用 FDD方式的系统中, 如何根据接收波束权值确定发射波束权 值是制约自适应天线发展的难题之一。
一种最容易想到的办法是:从上行接收数据中估计出与频率无关 的信道参数, 比如信号到达角 DOA, 然后以这个参数为基础生成发 射波束, 比如主瓣指向 DOA的波束。 然而, 这种做法有其缺陷: (1) 信道环境复杂多变, 并不是什么时候都有方向性比较明确路径; (2) 没有考虑其它用户信号的到达方向,形成的波束可能对其它用户干扰 比较大; (3)DOA估计算法比较复杂。
在王安义、 保铮、 廖桂生发表的 《下行波束形成与上行 Rake接 收机的联合处理技术》 (通信学报, Vol . 22. No. 3, March 2001 ) 巾, 提供了另一种解决方法, 即: 下行波束优化定义为最大化期望用户平 均接收功率,同时保持噪声功率加总的被其它用户接收的平均功率小 于或等于某一恒定电平 PImax。 这种优化准则本身就采取了折中的办 法, 所得的下行最优权值的性能也就没有上行权值性能优越, 这种方 法不是最优的。
FDD是用得比较多的双工通信方式。 实现 FDD中收发权值转换 是在 FDD通信系统中实现全自适应智能天线的关键技术之一。 此外, 如上所述, 采用空间分集发射的技术是一种比较有效的提 高信号质量的方法, 但是, 目前的发射分集一般是通过两根相距较大 的天线进行发射分集的, 如何通过智能天线阵列(相邻天线距离仅半 个波长左右) 进行发射分集是另一个较难的问题
在文献 Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: IS— 95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications, Joseph C丄 iberti,Jr.中介绍了禾 ij 用两个天线阵列进行分集的方法, 然而这种方法显然成本太大。
以自适应智能天线为主要业务的 AirayComm公司,也想办法把分 集和智能天线结合起来,他们的做法是把一个通常的天线阵列分成两 个部分, 比如把 4阵元天线阵列分成两个 2阵元的天线阵列, 然后这 两个小阵元分开放置, 进行接收和发射分集。这种做法是以降低智能 天线性能为代价换取发射分集的优点, 实际应用中的收益不容乐观。
因此,如何确定适用于智能天线的发射分集的发射波束权值仍是 一个空白。
发明内容 本发明的一个目的是提出一种适用于 FDD 方式移动通信系统的 智能天线收发权值线性转换方法。
本发明的另一个目的是一种结合 Rake接收和发射分集的智能天 线收发权值转换方法。 按照本发明提供的一种在频分双工的移动系统中,根据阵列天线 的接收权值确定发射权值的方法, 包括:
根据天线阵列中各个阵元接收到的同一信号的相位的不同,确定 阵列天线的接收导向矢量的步骤;
根据天线阵列中各个阵元发射信号时,对方接收到的发射信号的 相位的不同, 确定阵列天线的发射导向矢量的步骤;
按照收发波束方向图方差最小的原则,确立收发权值与阵列接收 导向矢量和阵列发射导向矢量之间的关系的步骤;
根据收发权值与阵列接收导向矢量和阵列发射导向矢量之间的 关系, 确定收发权值转换矩阵的步骤;
根据从阵列天线接收到的信号中得到的接收权值, 通过上述收发 权值转换矩阵, 得到对应的发射权值的步骤。 按照本发明提供的另一种在频分双工的移动系统中,根据阵列天 线的接收权值确定发射权值的方法, 包括:
固定的阵列天线以一定的发射权值对发射信号进行加权并以发 射频率进行发射的步骤;
与该阵列天线相距一定距离的多个收发机接收该发射的信号的 步骤;
记录收发机所接收的信号强度,并将检测数据输送到监控器的步 骤;
监控器根据位于各个角度上的收发机所接收的信号强度,得到阵 列天线的发射波束方向图的步骤;
该多个收发机以相同的发射功率,按照阵列天线的接收频率发射 信号的步骤;
该阵列天线接收该多个收发机发送的信号, 以监控器预定的接收 权值矢量进行加权, 并将加权后得到的信号输送到监控器的步骤; 监控器根据接收到的信号强度,得到阵列天线的接收波束方向图 的步骤;
监控器对所得到的阵列天线的发射波束方向图和接收波束方向 图进行比较, 以调整阵列天线的接收权值矢量, 从而得到满足收发波 束方向图方差最小原则下的一对收发权值矢量的步骤;
改变阵列天线的发射权值矢量, 重复上述步骤, 得到另一个对应 的接收权值矢量的步骤;
根据上述步骤得到的多对收发权值矢量,确定收发权值转换矩阵 的步骤;
根据从阵列天线接收到的信号中得到的接收权值, 通过上述收发 权值转换矩阵, 得到对应的发射权值的步骤。 按照本发明提供的一种结合瑞克 (Rake)接收和发射分集的阵列天 线收发权值转换方法, 包括以下步骤:
空时瑞克接收, 在该步骤中,针对瑞克接收机中的每一条时间可 分辨多径都进行智能天线基带处理, 以形成相应的接收波束权值矢 量,其中接收波束权值矢量的数目等于瑞克接收机中参与能量合并的 多径的数目;
选择接收权值, 在该步骤中, 根据是否进行发射分集的控制信号 的指示,从各个接收波束权值矢量中选择相应的接收信号质量较好的 波束权值矢量;
合并接收权值, 在该步骤中, 根据是否进行发射分集的控制信号 的指示, 将相应的权值矢量进行代数相加, 以得到相应的权值矢量; 转换接收权值, 在该步骤中, 将上述步骤得到的权值矢暈, 通过 收发权值转换矩阵, 转换为相应的发射波束权值;
发射加权信号, 在该步骤中, 根据是否进行发射分集的控制信号 的指示,用上述步骤得到的发射波束权值对被发射的数据进行波束加 权, 并将加权后的波束传送到射频系统进行发射。 按照本发明所述的在频分双工的移动系统中,根据阵列天线的接 收权值确定发射权值的方法,只要依据该权值转换矩阵, 就可以实现 在通信的过程中, 随着接收权值的不断更新, 发射权值也得到不断地 更新。
按照本发明提供的结合瑞克 (Rake)接收和发射分集的阵列天线收 发权值转换方法, 将瑞克接收机和发射分集的智能天线结合起来,利 用空时 mke接收机的特性选择合适的接收波朿权位形成发射波朿权 值, 然后在两个相关性较小的波束上分集发射信号, 与现有的发射分 集技术相比, 融合了智能天线空域处理, 大大提高方向性增益, 降低 发射功率, 减少电磁污染和发射链路干扰, 同时利用瑞克接收机得到 的信息, 将发射分集技术应用在智能天线中, 充分利用了信号的空域 特性和分集发射的优点,提高了系统性能, 巧妙地实现了相邻天线距 离仅半个波长的智能天线阵列的发射分集。 附图说明
以下将结合附图, 对本发明进行进一步的描述, 其中: 图 1 是本发明收发权值线性转换方法的流程图;
图 2 是应用于直线阵的接收权值对应的波朿方向图;
图 3 是应用于直线阵的发射权值对应的波束方向图;
图 4 是应用于圆阵的接收权值对应的波束方向图;
图 5 是应用于圆阵的发射权值对应的波束方向图;
图 6 是本发明结合 mke接收和发射分集的智能天线权值转换方 法流程图;
图 7 是多径传播示意图;
图 8 是针对图 7传播环境的空时 rake接收机所得到的对应于信 号最强路径的波束图;
图 9 是针对图 7传播环境的空时 rake接收机所得到的对应于信 号次强路径的波束图;
图 10 是针对图 7传播环境的通过权值转换方法得到的发射分集 的波束图;
图 11 是针对图 7传播环境的高层不采用发射分集时通过权值转 换得到的发射波束图。 具体实施例描述 本发明所指的收发机可以是移动台, 也可以是基站上包括基带处 理在内的收发设备。
本发明的用于 FDD移动通信系统的智能天线收发权值转换方法 的核心思想是: 根据理论推导, 已知移动通信系统中收发机的收发频 率和一定的天线阵列,波束方向图一致的收发权值之间符合线性变换 关系。根据合理的理论模型计算出或者根据实际天线阵列测量出这个 线性变换矩阵, 就可以在通信中使用这个变换矩阵进行收发权值转 换。 在智能天线系统中, 用不同的复数权值对天线阵列中的不同阵元 接收到的信号进行加权合并,这些权值可以看成是一个向量的各个分 量, 对接收信号加权的权值向量可以称为接收权值向量, 简称接收权 值。同样对于送往各个天线阵元的信号也要用不同的复数权值进行加 权, 这些权值可以组成发射权值向量。 但是由于 FDD系统中收发频 率不同, 要使收发波束方向图相同, 接收权值和发射权值是不同的, 需要通过一定的转换。
设天线阵列由 M个天线阵元组成, 各阵元在同一平面内以任意 次序排列, 各阵元极坐标分别为 Φ,), (r2, Φ2), …, (rM, ΦΜ), 每个阵元有阵元的辐射方向图函数 R»(9), m-1,2, ···, Μ, Θ e [0, 2 π]。 接收信号中心频率 其中 c为电磁波在空中的传播速 度, 为接收信号载波波长, 考虑天线阵列尺寸相对信号源到天线 阵列的距离比较小, 可以认为信号都是以平面波形式到达天线阵, 且 到达各个天线阵元时信号幅度是一样的,但由于信号到各个阵元的波 程差不同, 各个阵元上接收到的同一信号的相位是不同的, 对于从角 度 Θ到达的信号, 以坐标圆点为相位的参考点, 第 m个阵元上的相位 为:
Ψπ=— Prr„cos ( ΦΒ— θ ), βΓ=2π/λΓ (1) 各个阵元对一个信号产生不同相位延迟的响应, 称作阵列响应, 可以 构造向量:
Figure imgf000012_0001
这个向量可以称为阵列接收时的导向矢量, 它是信号到达角 Θ的函 数, 也和工作频率有关。 如果是阵列天线发射信号, 然后对方在 Θ方 向上接收, 则对方接收到的阵列天线各阵元的发射信号相位也不同, 类似地, 设发射频率为 ft, 对应波长 λ„ β,-2π/λι , 可以得到 发射时阵列的导向矢量:
Figure imgf000013_0001
如果阵元在 3维空间排列, 同样有其接收和发射的导向矢量 P 不过导向矢量的表达式更加复杂。
如果智能天线接收权值为 M维复数列向量 W 发射权值为 M维 复数列向量 Wt,接收时信号到达角度为 Θ的方向的 M维复数列导向 矢量为 Vr ( Θ ), 发射时角度为 Θ的方向的 M维复数列导向矢量为 Vt ( θ )。 根据收发波束方向图方差最小的准则, 可以推导出接收与 发射权值之间有如下关系:
Figure imgf000013_0002
上式中, 上标 H表示共轭转置, 上标一 1表示矩阵求逆。 上式也可写 为:
Wt^TWr (5 ) 其中 M行 M列变换矩阵 T为:
Figure imgf000013_0003
在实际运算中, 也可以用式 (6) 的离散形式, 以便进行数值计算。 把 0到 2 π不重不漏分为足够多的 Κ份扇区, 每份扇区角度宽为足够 小的 Δ , 每份扇区代表方向为
Figure imgf000013_0004
所谓收发波束方向图之间的方差最小, 实质上就是指收发波束 方向图一致性比较好, 也就意味着在通信过程中, 接收的波束对准的 是哪些方向, 发射信号时的波束就对准哪些方向, 这样接收时可以尽 量提高期望用户信号能量的同时尽量压制干扰用户的信号能量,发射 时可以尽量把射频能量发射到期望用户方向,而对其它方向用户产生 的干扰更小。 由 (7) 式可见只要确定好线性转换矩阵 Τ, 就可以靠 简单的乘加算法实现收发权值转换。 这是本发明的特征所在。 图 1 是本发明收发权值转换方法的流程图。 处理框 101对应于 方法的第一步, 处理框 102对应于方法的第二步, 处理框 103对应于 方法的第三步。 下面具体说明:
第一步: 在设计收发机时, 确定收发权值转换矩阵, 如果收发机 要用好几对对称频段,就要确定好几个转换矩阵。要确定转换矩阵 i', 可以有很多途径, 下面举几个例子:
1、根据系统设计的收发频率和天线结构及阵元的辐射方向图, 根 据 (2) 式或 (3 ) 式计算出收发信号时各方向上的导向矢量 (各 方向上导向矢量的集合也可称为阵列流形) Vr ( Θ ) 和 Vt ( Θ ), 然后用 (6) 式或 (7 ) 式计算出转换矩阵 T。
2、 根据制作好的阵列天线及相关系统, 用实验手段测量得到收发 各方向导向矢量 Vr ( Θ ) 和 Vt ( Θ ), 然后用 (6) 式或 (7 ) 式 计算出转换矩阵 T。测量导向矢量可以在比较空旷的地方或较大空 间的屏蔽室进行。 测量接收导向矢量可以在固定位置放置一个信 号源, 离信号源数米之外 (比如 20米)放置阵列天线, 阵列天线 安装在可以水平转动的转盘上, 可以随转盘一起转动。 信号源以 阵列天线的接收频率发射信号, 阵列天线接收信号, 记录阵列天 线转到各个角度时个天线阵元的接收信号幅度和相位,即可得到 V r ( Θ )。类似的, 测量发射导向矢量时, 离阵列天线数米之外(比 如 20米)放置接收天线, 阵列天线的各个阵元以发射频率依次发 射同样的信号, 在接收天线测量接收到信号的幅度和相位, 然后 转动阵列天线到各个角度进行测量, 即可得到 Vt ( Θ )。
3、 直接调整收发权值使收发波束方向图接近一致, 然后多找几 对这样的收发权值, 利用 (5 ) 式解出最小方差意义下的最佳转 换矩阵。权值调整可以在比较空旷的地方或较大^间的屏蔽室迸 行。' -固定阵列天线, 在阵列天线为中心的圆周 (对于应用于扇区 的阵列天线,也可以是对应扇区角度的圆弧)上均匀放置多个(比 如 25个) 收发机, 收发机和阵列天线间的距离要足够大 (比如 20米)。 阵列天线以一定的发射权值对发射信号进行加权, 然后 以发射频率发射, 各个收发机接收阵列天线的发射信号, 测量接 收到信号的强度, 把测量结果送到一台监控计算机。监控计算机 根据放置在各个角度上收发机接收信号强度即可得到阵列天线 的发射波束方向图。 同时, 各个收发机以阵列天线的接收频率发 射经不同扩频码扩频的信号, 各个收发机发射功率相同, 阵列天 线接收信号, 以监控计算机指定的接收权值矢量加权, 然后把各 收发机发射的信号解扩, 测量接收到各个收发机信号的强度, 把 测量结果送到监控计算机,监控计算机收即可得到阵列天线的接 收波束方向图, 监控计算机比较收发波束方向图的差异, 随机小 幅度调整阵列天线接收权值矢量,调整后再测量收发波束方向图 差异, 如果差异减小, 则接收这次调整, 否则退回这次调整前状 态, 随机作另一种小幅度调整。 这样反复调整, 收发方向图的差 异会越来越小, 小到一定程度或调整多次(比如 200次)都不能 再使差异减小,则认为已经调整完毕。这样就得到一对收发权值。 然后改变阵列天线发射权值矢量,使其每个分量都于已经测得收 发权值对中的发射权值对应分量不同,再进行上面的过程找出对 应的接收权值。 对于 N阵元的阵列天线, 找出 N对收发权值即 可根据 (5 ) 式解出转换矩阵。 为了得到更可靠的转换矩阵, 可 以找出更多对收发权值, 然后利用 (5 ) 式解出最小方荦意义下 的最佳转换矩阵。 第二步: 把转换矩阵数据信息做到收发机中, 并在收发机中提供 实现 (5 ) 式算法的软硬件模块。 这个转换矩阵是一直有用的, 不管 移动用户怎么变, 不管关机还是重新启动, 只要天线阵列本身结构和 收发频率不变, 上述第一步得到的转换矩阵就不能变。 由于 (5 ) 式 只是乘加运算, 实现 (5 ) 式算法的软硬件条件比较简单, 在更新速
!3 度不是很高的场合可以用 DSP(DSP: digital signal processor数字信号 处理器)实现, 速度要求比较高的场合可以设计 FPGA(FPGA: field programmable gate array现场可编程门阵列)或专用芯片来实现。
第三步: 在通信过程中, 随着接收权值得不断更新, 发射权值也 由一定的软硬件依据 (5 ) 式的算法不断得到更新, 始终保持收发波 束方向图基本一致。 上述方法可以适用于包括直线阵、圆阵在内的任何阵列形式, 也 可以用于包括 CDMA和 TDMA在内的任何多址方式的系统中,具有 比较广的适用性。 对本发明的方法进行仿真. - 图 2、 图 3是本发明方法应用于等间距直线阵的情况。 接收权值 随机产生,阵元数 M为 8,接收频率 WaveLenUp (上行频率)为 1920MHz: 发射频率 WaveLenDown (下行频率)为 2110MHz, 相邻阵元间距为半 个发射信号波长, 每个阵元为全向天线。 图 2屮的曲线 201 是随机 生成的接收权值对应的波束方向图。 其主波束方向约为 62度 (由于 全向直线阵有轴对称性,下半周的波束方向图和上半周的波束方向图 曲线是一样的, 可以不考虑下半周), 权值转换矩阵根据上面的模型 推导出来, 推导过程中釆用 (7) 式, 把圆周等分成 360等份, 计算 出转换矩阵 T。图 3中的曲线 301是线性转换后发射权值的波束方向 图,与图 2表示的上行比较,两者差异很小。可见本发明方法有效性。
图 4、 图 5是本发明方法应用于圆阵的情况。 上行权值随机产生, 阵元数 Μ 为 8 , 上行频率 WaveLenUp 为 1920MHz,, 下行频率 WaveLenDown 为 2110MHz, 圆阵满阵因子 rou=l, 圆阵半径 R=rou*M*WaveLenDown/4/ , 阵元在圆周上均匀分布。 每个阵元为 全向天线。 图 4中的曲线 401 是随机生成的上行权值对应的波束方 向图。 其在 35度、 85度、 135度、 230度等方向形成较高的波束增 益, 在 60度, 110度, 195度、 255度、 300度、 350度这些方向形 成了较低的零陷。权值转换矩阵根据上面的模型推导出来, 推导过程 中采用 (7) 式, 把圆周等分成 360等份, 计算出转换矩阵丁。 图 5 中的曲线 501是线性转换后发射权值的波束方向图,与图 4表示的上 行权值的波束方向相比较, 波束的零陷和主副瓣的方向没什么差别。 两者差异很小。 可见本发明方法的有效性。
其实, 无论是什么样的阵列形式, 都有其收发阵列流形, 就可以 按 (6) 式或 (7 ) 式计算出较准确的线性权值转换矩阵。
图 6是本发明结合 rake接收和发射分集的智能天线权值转换方法 流程图。 其核心思想是: Rake接收机对每条多径形成一个权侑, 从 这些权值中选择信号较好的多径对应的权值,再根据发射分集的需求 进行合并或不进行合并, 以形成一个或两个权值, 然后利用权值转换 矩阵对这一个或两个权值进行收发线性转换, 以得到发射权值, 利用 该发射权值对发射信号进行波束加权。
本发明所述的结合 Rake接收和发射分集的智能天线收发权值转 换方法, 包括如下步骤:
第一步: 空时 rake接收: 对 rake接收机的中的每一条时间可分 辨多径进行智能天线基带处理, 形成一个接收波束权值矢量。 这样, 接收波束权值矢量数目 n就是 mke接收机中参与能量合并的多径数 目。 如果权值矢量数目 n= l , 记这个权值矢量为 Wr, 跳到第四步; 如果 n不等于 1, 从第二步开始往下执行。
第二步, 选择权值: 判断基站高层是否指示耍进行发射分集, 如 果需要进行发射分集,则从各个接收波束权值矢量中选择对应接收信 号质量较好(好于一定门限)的两个或两个以上波束权值矢量。如果 不需要进行发射分集,从各个接收波束权值矢量中选择对应接收信号 质量较好的一个或多个波束权值矢量。最后的选择的权值矢量按对应 接收信号质量好差依次为 Wrl、 Wr2、 …、 Wm。
第三步, 权值合并: 如果需要进行发射分集, 则把除了对应接收 质量最好的权值矢量 (Wrl ) 外的所有权值矢量 (Wr2、 …、 Wrn) 代数相加得到一个新的权值矢量 Wrb。如果不需要进行发射分集, 则 把所有的权值矢量 (Wrl、 Wr2、 …、 Wrn) 代数相加得到一个信道 权值矢量 Wr。 第四歩, 线性转换: 在保证收发波朿形状基本不变的准则下, 把 通过上述步骤得到的一个 (Wr) 或两个 (Wrl、 Wrb) 波束权值用线 性收发权值转换方法转换为对应发射频率的一个(Wt)或两个(Wtl、 Wt2) 发射波束权值。
第五步: 发射分集: 如果第四步得到两个发射波束权值 Wtl、 Wt2 (此时高层指示要进行发射分集), 则用这两个发射波束权值对需要 发射的两路分集信号分别进行波束加权然后送往射频系统进行发射。 如果第四步得到一个发射波束权值 Wt, 则用 Wt对要发射的数据进 行波束加权然后送往射频系统进行发射。
上面介绍的步骤是针对信号流程来描述的, 实际通信过程中, 各 个步骤同时工作。
在附图 6中, 处理框 60La和判断框 601.b相当于第一步, 对接收 到的信号进行空时 rake处理, 每条多径都有一个接收权值矢量。 如 果只有一条多径,则跳到处理框 604.a2,否则转到判断框 602.a,判断是 否要进行发射分集。如果要高层需要进行发射分集, 依次执行处理框 602.bK 603.aK 604.al、 605.al , 从接收权值中选择对应接收信号质 量较好的两个或两个以上的权值, 如果多于两个, 就把除了对应质量 最好的接收权值之外的所有权值矢量代数相加得到一个新权值矢量, 然后用收发权值线性转换方法把两个接收波束权值矢量转换为两个 发射波束权值矢量, 这样得到的发射波束和接收波束的形状基本一 样。然后用这两个发射波束权值矢量对两路分集信号分别进行波束加 权送往射频系统进行发射。如果高层不指定发射分集, 则依次执行处 理框 602.b2、 603.a2、 604.a2、 605.a2, 与发射分集相比, 这种情况下 只需综合出一个权值矢量即可。从接收波束权值矢量中选取一个或多 个质量较好的权值矢量,然后把这些权值矢量代数相加得到一个新的 接收权值矢量,然后用收发权值线性转换方法把这个接收权值矢量转 换成发射波束权值矢量,最后用这个发射波束权值矢量对要发射的数 据进行波束加权, 然后送往射频系统进行发射。 判断框 602.a和处理 框 602.bl、 602.b2相当于所述方法的第二步, 处理框 603.al、 603.a2 相当于所述方法的第三步, 处理框 604.al、 604.a2相当于所述方法的 第四步, 处理框 605.al、 605.a2相当于所述方法的第五步。
下面结合具体的应用例子说明本发明方法的效果。
图 7 是多径传播示意图,移动台 701发射的信号经过 3条路径到 达基站天线阵列 702。 经过直射路径 711的达到基站天线阵列的信号 能量最大 (一般质量也就越好), 通过障碍物 703反射的路径 712的 信号能量次之,通过障碍物 704反射的路径 713的信号能量最小。移 动台 701的信号是下面要处理的期望信号。另外图中还有两个移动台 705和 706,对基站接收移动台 701信号通信过程来说, 这两个移动台 发射的信号是干扰信号。其中移动台 705的信号经路径 751和 752到 达基站天线阵列,移动台 706的信号经过路径 761到达基站天线阵列。
图 8 是在空时 Rake接收中,针对图 7环境得到对应最强路径 71 1 的空时分支接收机中权值矢量对应的波束图,这里假设天线阵列为 8 阵元的均匀直线阵列, 应用在一个 120度的扇区覆盖中, 我们只关心 30度到 150度的扇区范围, 图中极坐标半径的物理含义是信号在特 定方向上的幅度增益。 从图中波束 801可以看出, 在 105度左右, 信 号增益很大, 而其它方向上增益很小, 这样就可以把图 7中通过路径 71 1的有用信号很好的接收下来, 而把其它方向的信号都当作十扰 J土 制了。
图 9 是针对图 7环境得到对应次强路径 712的波束图,即另外一 个空时分支接收机中权值矢量对应的波束方向图。 与图 8 中的波束 801类似, 图 9中的波束 901在 50度左右有很大增益, 而其它方向 增益很小,这样就可以把图 7中通过路径 712的有用信号很好的接收 下来, 而把其它方向的信号都当作干扰压制了。 最后通过 Rake的多 径合并, 就可以把各个多径信号能量合并在一起。
对于通过路径 713到达基站的信号,由于能量太小利用价值不高, rake接收机可以不利用这条径,也可以利用这条径,形成另一个波束。
图 10 是针对图 7环境发射分集的波束图。 在收发权值转换中, 选择质量较好的波束 801和 901对应的接收权值矢量,然后用收发权 值线性转换方法转换成两个发射权值,对应的发射波束为波束 101和 波束 102。 需要发射分集的两路信号, 一路通过波束 101发射出去, 一路通过波束 102发射出去。波束 101对应图 8中的波束 801 ,用这个 波束发射的信号将通过图 7中的路径 71 1从基站天线阵列到达移动台 701。 波束 102对应图 9中的波束 901,用这个波束发射的信号将通过 图 7中的路径 712从基站天线阵列到达移动台 701。 由于这两个波束 有很好的方向性,这种方法实现通常的发射分集的同时对其它方向上 的移动台 (比如图 7中的移动台 705和 706) 干扰非常小, 这对系统 通信质量和容量的提高大有贡献, 同时还可以降低系统功耗。
图 11 是针对图 7环境两个较强波束权值叠加得到的波束图。 如 果高层不指定用发射分集。收发权值转换方法把图 8中的波束 801和 图 9中的波束 901对应的权值矢量叠加,得到新的权值矢量对应的波 束方向图。这个波束方向图中有两个比较大的波瓣 111、 112, 分别指 向 105度和 50度方向。 用户数据从这个波束发射出去, 可以通过图 7中的路径 711和 712从基站天线阵列到达移动台 701,而对其它移动 台 705和 706干扰很小。在移动台 701,能把这两个波瓣过来的信号用 移动台的 Rake接收机接收合并。 这种收发权值转换方法是一定程度 上实现了另一种发射分集方式,这种方法同样能得到类似通常发射分 集(如开环发射分集, 闭环发射分集) 的效果, 而且移动台接收处理 更加简单, 对其它用户干扰很小, 需要功率比较低。 同时, 和通常用 一个方向波束的智能天线系统相比,这种发射方法能够有效的对抗移 动台移动中的多径变化, 提高了智能天线系统的稳定性和健壮性。
综上所述, 本发明提出的收发权值线性转换方法, 只是进行 -个 线性矩阵运算, 只含乘加操作, 计算简单。 这种方法可以使收发权值 对应的波束图之间的方差最小, 收发波束图一致性很好。收发权值线 性转换方法, 解决了智能天线技术中的一个关键难题—— FDD 系统 中收发权值转换,为智能天线在 FDD系统中的应用排除了一大障碍, 具有很大的意义。
本发明提出的结合 rake接收机和发射分集的收发权值转换方法, 能充分利用 rake接收机得到的信息, 并巧妙的把发射分集技术利用 在智能天线中, 甚至高层不指定发射分集时, 这种收发权值转换方法 也能使发射波束权值有分集发射的功能,让发射信号通过多条较好的 路径到达对方。 这个方法解决了智能天线和发射分集有机结合的问 题。与现有的单用某种技术的移动通信系统相比, 本发明的 一定的优势。
本发明的方法可以使用于任何阵列形式, 任何多址方式的频分双 工智能天线通信系统中, 有很广泛的适用性。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种在频分双工的移动系统中, 根据阵列天线的接收权值确定发 射权值的方法, 包括:
根据天线阵列中各个阵元接收到的同一信号的相位的不同, 确 定阵列天线的接收导向矢量的步骤;
根据天线阵列中各个阵元发射信号时, 对方接收到的发射信号 的相位的不同, 确定阵列天线的发射导向矢量的步骤;
按照收发波束方向图方差最小的原则, 确立收发权值 阵列接 收导向矢量和阵列发射导向矢量之间的关系的步骤;
根据收发权值与阵列接收导向矢量和阵列发射导向矢量之间的 关系, 确定收发权值转换矩阵的步骤;
根据从阵列天线接收到的信号中得到的接收权值, 通过上述收 发权值转换矩阵, 得到对应的发射权值的步骤。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的根据阵列天线的接收权值确定发射权值的方 法, 其中所述的接收导向矢量和发射导向矢量可以由系统的收发频 率、 天线结构以及天线阵元的辐射方向图确定。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的根据阵列天线的接收权值确定发射权值的方 法, 其中- 所述的接收导向矢量, 可以通过记录位于不同角度的天线阵列 的各个阵元所接收到的信号的幅度和相位得到, 其中该天线阵列设 置在距离信号源一定距离的可以水平转动的转盘上, 且信号源以阵 列天线的接收频率发射信号;
所述的发射导向矢量, 可以通过记录位于不同角度的接收天线 阵列的各个阵元所接收到的信号的幅度和相位得到, 其中该接收天 线阵列设置在距离发射天线阵列一定距离的可以水平转动的转盘 上, 且发射阵列天线的各个阵元以发射频率依次发射同样的信号。
4、 一种在频分双工的移动系统中, 根据阵列天线的接收权值确定发 射权值的方法, 包括:
固定的阵列天线以一定的发射权值对发射信号进行加权并以发 射频率进行发射的步骤;
与该阵列天线相距一定距离的多个收发机接收该发射的信号的 步骤;
记录收发机所接收的信号强度,并将检测数据输送到监控器的步 骤;
监控器根据位于各个角度上的收发机所接收的信号强度,.得到阵 列天线的发射波束方向图的步骤;
该多个收发机以相同的发射功率,按照阵列天线的接收频率发射 信号的步骤;
该阵列天线接收该多个收发机发送的信号, 以监控器预定的接收 权值矢量进行加权, 并将加权后得到的信号输送到监控器的步骤; 监控器根据接收到的信号强度,得到阵列天线的接收波束方向图 的步骤;
监控器对所得到的阵列天线的发射波束方向图和接收波束方向 图进行比较, 以调整阵列天线的接收权值矢量, 从而得到满足收发波 束方向图方差最小原则下的一对收发权值矢量的步骤;
改变阵列天线的发射权值矢量, 重复上述步骤, 得到另一个对应 的接收权值矢量的步骤;
根据上述步骤得到的多对收发权值矢量,确定收发权值转换矩阵 的步骤;
根据从阵列天线接收到的信号中得到的接收权值,通过上述收发 权值转换矩阵, 得到对应的发射权值的步骤。
5、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的根据阵列天线的接收权值确定发射权值 的方法, 其中所述的阵列天线可以是直线阵列。
6、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的根据阵列天线的接收权值 发射―权值 的方法, 其中所述的阵列天线可以是圆形阵列。
21
更正页(细则第 91条)
7、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的根据阵列天线的接收权值确定发射权值 的方法, 其中所述的收发权值转换矩阵执行的转换操作是线性运算, 可以由 DSP(DSP: digital signal processor数字信号处理器)部件实现。
8、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的根据阵列天线的接收权值确定发射权值 的方法, 其中所述的收发权值转换矩阵执行的转换操作是线性运算, 可以由 FPGA(FPGA: field programmable gate array现场可编程门阵列) 部件实现。
9、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的根据阵列天线的接收权值确定发射权值 的方法, 其中所述的收发权值转换矩阵执行的转换操作是线性运算, 可以由专用芯片实现。
10、 如权利要求 1 或 4所述的根据阵列天线的接收权值确定发射权 值的方法, 其中所述的收发权值转换矩阵根据不同的收发频段, 确 定为相应的不同的转换矩阵。
11、 一种结合瑞克 (Rake)接收和发射分集的阵列天线收发权值转换 方法, 包括以下步骤:
空时瑞克接收, 在该步骤中, 针对瑞克接收机中的每一条时间 可分辨多径都进行智能天线基带处理, 以形成相应的接收波束权值 矢量, 其中接收波束权值矢量的数目等于瑞克接收机中参与能量合 并的多径的数目;
选择接收权值, 在该步骤中, 根据是否进行发射分集的控制信号 的指示, 从各个接收波束权值矢量中选择相应的接收信号质量较好 的波束权值矢量;
合并接收权值, 在该步骤中, 根据是否进行发射分集的控制信号 的指示, 将相应的权值矢量进行代数相加, 以得到相应的权值矢量; 转换接收权值, 在该步骤中, 将上述步骤得到的权值矢量, 通过 收发权值转换矩阵, 转换为相应的发射波束权值; 发射加权信号, 在该步骤中, 根据是否进行发射分集的控制信号 的指示, 用上述步骤得到的发射波束权值对被发射的数据进行波束 加权, 并将加权后的波束传送到射频系统进行发射。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的结合瑞克接收和发射分集的阵列天线收发 权值转换方法, 其中: 当控制信号指示进行发射分集时,
所述的选择接收权值的步骤包括: 从各个接收波束权值矢量中 选择接收信号质量较好 (好于一定门限) 的两个或两个以上波束权 值矢量 (Wrl、 Wr2、 …、 Wrn);
所述的合并接收权值的步骤包括: 将接收质量最好的波束权值矢 量 (Wrl)以外的其他波束权值矢量 (Wr2、 …、 Wrn)代数相加得到一个 新的合并后的波束权值矢量 (Wrb);
所述的转换接收权值的步骤包括: 将上述的接收质量最好的波束 权值矢量与合并后的波束权值矢量, 使用收发权值转换矩阵将其转 换为两个发射波束权值 (Wtl、 Wt2);
所述的发射加权信号的步骤包括: 利用上述得到的两个发射波束 权值 (Wtl、 Wt2), 对需要发射的两路分集信号分别进行波束加权, 以传送到射频系统进行发射。
13、 如权利要求 11所述的结合瑞克接收和发射分集的阵列天线收发 权值转换方法, 其中: 当控制信号指示不进行发射分集时,
所述的选择接收权值的步骤包括: 从各个接收波束权值矢量中 选择对应接收信号质量较好的一个或多个波束权值矢量 (Wrl、 Wr2、 …、 Wrn);
所述的合并接收权值的步骤包括: 将所有的波束权值矢量(Wrl、 Wr2、 …、 Wrn) 代数相加得到一个信道权值矢量 (Wr);
所述的转换接收权值的步骤包括: 将上述得到的合并后的权值矢 量 (Wr), 使用收发权值转换矩阵将其转换为一个发射波束权值 (Wt); 所述的发射加权信号的步骤包括: 利用上述得到的一个发射波束 权值 (Wt), 对需要发射的信号进行波束加权, 以传送到射频系统进 行发射。
14、 如权利要求 11 所述的结合瑞克接收和发射分集的阵列天线 收发权值转换方法, 其中: 在所述空时瑞克接收步骤中, 如果接收 波束权值矢量的数目等于 1, 那么不论控制信号是否指示进行发射 分集, 将不执行所述的选择接收权值和合并接收权值的步骤。
PCT/CN2002/000765 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Procede de conversion pour l'emission et la reception d'une valeur de ponderation dans un systeme d'antennes intelligent WO2004040699A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02772015A EP1571730B8 (en) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Conversion method of transmitting and receiving weighting value in the intelligent antenna system
CNB028297180A CN100355150C (zh) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 智能天线收发权值转换方法
AT02772015T ATE548782T1 (de) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Umwandlungsverfahren der übertragung und des empfangs des gewichtungswertes im intelligenten antennensystem
PT02772015T PT1571730E (pt) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Método de conversão de transmissão e de recepção de valor ponderado num sistema inteligente de antenas
ES02772015T ES2382374T3 (es) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Procedimiento de conversión del valor de ponderación de transmisión y recepción en un sistema de antenas inteligente
PCT/CN2002/000765 WO2004040699A1 (fr) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Procede de conversion pour l'emission et la reception d'une valeur de ponderation dans un systeme d'antennes intelligent
AU2002338171A AU2002338171A1 (en) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Conversion method of transmitting and receiving weighting value in the intelligent antenna system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2002/000765 WO2004040699A1 (fr) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Procede de conversion pour l'emission et la reception d'une valeur de ponderation dans un systeme d'antennes intelligent

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004040699A1 true WO2004040699A1 (fr) 2004-05-13

Family

ID=32235201

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2002/000765 WO2004040699A1 (fr) 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Procede de conversion pour l'emission et la reception d'une valeur de ponderation dans un systeme d'antennes intelligent

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1571730B8 (zh)
CN (1) CN100355150C (zh)
AT (1) ATE548782T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2002338171A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2382374T3 (zh)
PT (1) PT1571730E (zh)
WO (1) WO2004040699A1 (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101145818A (zh) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-19 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种应用于智能天线系统的广播波束赋形方法
CN105206945A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-30 北京航空航天大学 一种基于毫米波线性天线阵列摆向设计的性能优化方法
CN110535518A (zh) * 2019-07-24 2019-12-03 西安交通大学 一种宽波束发射波束形成优化设计方法
CN111967118A (zh) * 2019-12-12 2020-11-20 熊军 一种圆形天线阵列的构建装置及方法
CN113852399A (zh) * 2021-02-18 2021-12-28 天翼智慧家庭科技有限公司 一种高铁通信场景中稳定可靠的毫米波波束成形方法

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101848021B (zh) * 2009-03-24 2013-02-20 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 一种智能天线阵广播波束权值的生成方法和装置
CN101888644B (zh) * 2009-05-14 2014-12-10 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种实现单用户波束成形的系统及方法
CN102572861B (zh) * 2011-12-13 2014-09-03 北京邮电大学 基于极化分集增益最优的基站变极化方法
WO2013119991A1 (en) * 2012-02-10 2013-08-15 Ablaze Wireless Corporation Interference suppression apparatus and method for femtocell
CN103326766B (zh) * 2012-03-20 2016-12-28 电信科学技术研究院 一种双流波束赋形方法及装置
CN103618567B (zh) * 2013-12-18 2016-05-04 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 一种用于动中通散射通信的自适应波束形成方法
JP6375985B2 (ja) 2015-02-13 2018-08-22 オムロン株式会社 無線通信制御システム、無線通信制御装置、無線通信制御方法、指向性情報生成方法、および無線機
CN106680789B (zh) * 2016-12-19 2020-01-07 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 一种单脉冲测角设备的测角功能验证方法和验证系统
CN113466796B (zh) * 2021-08-16 2023-05-26 电子科技大学 一种基于相干相位调制广播模式的雷达通信一体化方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5889825A (en) * 1996-02-09 1999-03-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of parameterizing a receiving device, and also a corresponding receiving device and radio station
CN1237808A (zh) * 1998-05-28 1999-12-08 国防部中山科学研究院 以空间滤波器群构造的智慧型天线系统
CN1315756A (zh) * 2000-03-27 2001-10-03 信息产业部电信科学技术研究院 一种改进智能天线阵列覆盖范围的方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6018317A (en) * 1995-06-02 2000-01-25 Trw Inc. Cochannel signal processing system
WO2002047286A2 (en) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-13 Nokia Corporation Method for controlling the weighting of a data signal in the at least two antenna elements of a radio connection unit, module and communications system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5889825A (en) * 1996-02-09 1999-03-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of parameterizing a receiving device, and also a corresponding receiving device and radio station
CN1237808A (zh) * 1998-05-28 1999-12-08 国防部中山科学研究院 以空间滤波器群构造的智慧型天线系统
CN1315756A (zh) * 2000-03-27 2001-10-03 信息产业部电信科学技术研究院 一种改进智能天线阵列覆盖范围的方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101145818A (zh) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-19 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种应用于智能天线系统的广播波束赋形方法
CN105206945A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-30 北京航空航天大学 一种基于毫米波线性天线阵列摆向设计的性能优化方法
CN110535518A (zh) * 2019-07-24 2019-12-03 西安交通大学 一种宽波束发射波束形成优化设计方法
CN111967118A (zh) * 2019-12-12 2020-11-20 熊军 一种圆形天线阵列的构建装置及方法
CN113852399A (zh) * 2021-02-18 2021-12-28 天翼智慧家庭科技有限公司 一种高铁通信场景中稳定可靠的毫米波波束成形方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE548782T1 (de) 2012-03-15
EP1571730B8 (en) 2012-04-11
EP1571730A4 (en) 2010-05-19
EP1571730A1 (en) 2005-09-07
AU2002338171A1 (en) 2004-05-25
CN100355150C (zh) 2007-12-12
ES2382374T3 (es) 2012-06-07
EP1571730B1 (en) 2012-03-07
PT1571730E (pt) 2012-05-22
CN1685564A (zh) 2005-10-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9252864B2 (en) Method and apparatus for fast beam-link construction in mobile communication system
El Misilmani et al. Massive MIMO design for 5G networks: An overview on alternative antenna configurations and channel model challenges
EP1685661A1 (en) Method and apparatus for multi-beam antenna system
Winters et al. The range increase of adaptive versus phased arrays in mobile radio systems
WO2004040699A1 (fr) Procede de conversion pour l'emission et la reception d'une valeur de ponderation dans un systeme d'antennes intelligent
Alluhaibi et al. Capacity maximisation for hybrid digital-to-analog beamforming mm-wave systems
Zou et al. Beamforming codebook design and performance evaluation for 60GHz wireless communication
CN104639220B (zh) 一种采用智能天线的信号收发装置和方法
Saqib et al. 3D hybrid beamforming with 2D planar antenna arrays for downlink massive MIMO systems
CN101330304B (zh) 一种智能天线系统中计算到达方向的方法及装置
Eisenbeis et al. Hybrid beamforming analysis based on MIMO channel measurements at 28 GHz
JP2006203658A (ja) 適応アンテナアレー送信装置および適応アンテナアレー送信方法
CN110138413B (zh) 一种空时域自适应宽线性降秩波束形成方法
Okkonen Uniform linear adaptive antenna array beamforming implementation with a wireless open-access research platform
Kawitkar et al. Advances in smart antenna system
CN100369493C (zh) 一种阵列天线收发权值线性转换方法
Ogawa et al. Sub-terahertz MIMO spatial multiplexing in indoor propagation environments
Zhang et al. A practical channel estimation scheme for sub-connected hybrid massive MIMO systems
Satrusallya Evaluation of Beam Forming Capability of Linear Antenna Array for Smart Antenna System
Liu et al. Millimeter-wave channel estimation with interference cancellation and DOA estimation in hybrid massive MIMO systems
Bazan et al. Overview of Beamforming Antennas
JP2001268633A (ja) 無線通信システム・無線基地局・移動局
Mankal et al. Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms Applicable for Mobile Communication
Nagarajan et al. Multiple Antennas Based Collaborative Spectrum Sensing Techniques
Matsuoka et al. A smart antenna receiver testbed with directional antenna elements

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 20028297180

Country of ref document: CN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2002772015

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2002772015

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP