WO2004036487A2 - Systeme et procede de compression de cartes d'images couleur - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de compression de cartes d'images couleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004036487A2
WO2004036487A2 PCT/US2003/032563 US0332563W WO2004036487A2 WO 2004036487 A2 WO2004036487 A2 WO 2004036487A2 US 0332563 W US0332563 W US 0332563W WO 2004036487 A2 WO2004036487 A2 WO 2004036487A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vector
bitmap
format
color
image
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/032563
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004036487A3 (fr
Inventor
Brian Metzger
Original Assignee
Ingrian Networks, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ingrian Networks, Inc. filed Critical Ingrian Networks, Inc.
Priority to AU2003301471A priority Critical patent/AU2003301471A1/en
Publication of WO2004036487A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004036487A2/fr
Publication of WO2004036487A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004036487A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00—Image coding
    • G06T9/008—Vector quantisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/64—Systems for the transmission or the storage of the colour picture signal; Details therefor, e.g. coding or decoding means therefor
    • H04N1/644—Systems for the transmission or the storage of the colour picture signal; Details therefor, e.g. coding or decoding means therefor using a reduced set of representative colours, e.g. each representing a particular range in a colour space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/94—Vector quantisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to digital data compression.
  • the present invention teaches systems and methods for compressing digital images.
  • SSL Secure Socket Layer
  • TLS Transport Layer Security
  • SSL Secure Socket Layer
  • HTTP Transport Layer Security
  • SSL Secure Socket Layer
  • TLS Transport Layer Security
  • Such protocols protect data in transit by encrypting the data by using session-keys, which are known only to the web server and the client computer.
  • session-keys which are known only to the web server and the client computer.
  • Data is decrypted upon arrival at the receiving computer, which subsequently processes the decrypted data (e.g., validates credit card number) and may store the sensitive data in a server database.
  • the present invention includes systems and methods for compressing color images while preserving high image quality.
  • tables storing vectors for rendering images are compressed by combining selected vectors, and replacing occurrences of the originally selected vectors with the combined vectors.
  • Such techniques are applicable to standard image formats, such as the various versions of the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), Joint Photographies Expert Group (JPEG), Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG), or other image rendering standards.
  • GIF Graphics Interchange Format
  • JPEG Joint Photographies Expert Group
  • MPEG Moving Pictures Expert Group
  • vectors are selected for compression by measuring a minimal distance between vectors in a given table; a pair of vectors may be selected from the table for compression after a determination that the vectors have a minimal difference.
  • a metric for determining a difference, or distance, between vectors may be Euclidean distance.
  • the vectors may be combined according to a prescribed formula.
  • the vectors may be combined according to a weighted average of the two vectors.
  • the weighted average reflects a number of occurrences of the selected vectors in the table.
  • all occurrences of the originally selected vectors are replaced with the combined vector, and bitmaps are updated appropriately to point to the combined vector.
  • the steps of identifying vectors for replacement, combining vectors, and updating tables and bitmaps are repeated until a desired compression factor is achieved.
  • the vectors comprise color intensity values.
  • the vectors may comprise 3-tuples, with intensity values of each of the primary colors, e.g., tuples of the form (Red Intensity, Blue Intensity, Green Intensity).
  • Such embodiments may include the steps of receiving an image including a color map comprising a plurality of colored regions each having a color intensity value indicating a color intensity for one or more selected colors; measuring each of the color intensity values for each region; comparing each of the intensity values of each region in order to determine two colors having a smallest intensity value difference; combining the two colors in order to make a new color; and replacing the color of each region of the color map containing the two colors having the smallest intensity value difference with the new color.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison between entries in an image table and reduction of the original table according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the re-mapping of image regions to updated color image maps according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is flow chart diagram illustrating a method for compressing color image maps.
  • the invention teaches systems and methods for the compression of image maps. These systems and methods include algorithms and architectures compatible with existing and commonplace image standards, such as MPEG, JPEG, and GIF. Accordingly, such techniques are particularly well-suited to networking technologies in which these standards are ubiquitous, such as web -based or other Internet traffic. Embodiments of the invention include recursive or iterative techniques to compress such images to a desired memory footprint, without compromising image quality.
  • the image compression techniques and mechanisms described herein may be employed to encrypt such images for storage and/or network transmission.
  • processes resident on proxy servers may perform such compression as and adjunct to, or in conjunction with, the encryption or decryption of images.
  • Such encryption/decryption processes may, in certain embodiments, take place at the proxy server to facilitate transmission of the compressed image to client devices in communication with the proxy server.
  • standard image formats are typically instantiated as bitmaps and vector tables.
  • the GIF standard includes bitmaps and color image tables, with the bitmaps mapping spatial blocks to particular entries in the color image table.
  • the constituent vectors of the color image maps are 3-tuples indicating color intensities for the primary colors, i.e., red, blue, and green. Such a table is 100 is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the first color image table 100 in Figure 1 includes n-many 3- tuples.
  • an algorithm for image compression reduces the first image table 100 to the second image table 102, after a first iteration-the second color image table 102 is seen to include (n-1 ) vectors.
  • the reduction of the image tables 100 102 takes place as follows.
  • the first image table 100 is searched to select a pair of vectors 104 106, such that a difference, or distance, between the two vectors is minimal.
  • the distance metric which is minimized is the Euclidean distance between the 3-tuples 104 106.
  • the two selected vectors 104 106 may be combined, and subsequently replaced in the image table with the combined vector 108.
  • Figure 2 schematically illustrates the use of color image tables to render digital images.
  • a bitmap 200 maps spatial blocks, or regions, to the color intensity tuples in the original color image table 100.
  • certain regions 202 in the bitmap may point to the selected vectors 104 106.
  • these regions 204 are updated in the bitmap 206 to point to the combined vector 108.
  • the combined vector 108 may be generated as a weighted average of the selected vectors 104 106.
  • the weighted average may be based on the number of occurrences of the selected vectors 104 106 in the bitmap 202.
  • Other suitable techniques for combining vectors shall be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a flow chart diagram 300 illustrating a method for compressing color image maps in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • distances may be measured between pairs of entries in the image color table 304.
  • each measurement will consist of a color intensity value for each of the colors red, green and blue.
  • any desired measure of relative color intensity may be used.
  • each color intensity value is compared to each other intensity value by relative separation by Euclidean distance.
  • Alternative distance metrics shall be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the two colors separated by the smallest Euclidean difference in color intensity are selected 306.
  • the selected colors are then combined 308 as a new color on the color map using a weighted average of their color intensities. For example, if a color (r1 , g1 , b1) occurs n1 times in the image and a color (r2, g2, b2) occurs n2 times in the image, the combined vector may have the form
  • the process returns for an additional cycle of color compression.
  • the end result is a color map with the desired number of colors to which the pixels of the original image can be mapped using standard techniques.
  • the compression software will scale down color images according to a user specified quality factor.
  • Users may choose a desired level of color compression based on their specific needs and preferences.
  • maximum compression the volume of data encoded through various steps of transmission can be greatly reduced without reducing the amount of substantive information received.
  • a user who is only concerned about the transmission of textual portion of image data can greatly increase encoding and decoding speed, as well as any necessary encryption and decryption efficiencies, by selecting a maximum level of color compression.
  • users interested in viewing or providing content for aesthetic purposes may choose to use little or no color compression D.
  • the invention facilitates the encryption and decryption of such files by computer systems that provide content and support services via highly trafficed packet-switched networks, such as the World Wide Web.
  • the image compression techniques described herein may be deployed by cache servers.
  • cache servers may compress images which transit through the server per the algorithms described herein.
  • Such compression may be undertaken by the proxy server as a precursor to encryption/decryption of the images, storage of the images, or transmission of the images.
  • the device undertaking the compression may be a Storage Area Network device or a Network Attached Storage device.
  • Other network and computer architectures supporting and utilizing the compression techniques described herein shall be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Compression Of Band Width Or Redundancy In Fax (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes et des procédés de compression d'images couleur, tout en maintenant une haute qualité d'image. De tels mécanismes combinent des couleurs qui sont très voisines les unes des autres, telles que mesurées à des distances euclidiennes. De telles couleurs peuvent être combinées en prenant une moyenne pondérée reflétant la fréquence des couleurs dans une image donnée. Cette moyenne pondérée peut être employée pour remplacer la couleur initialement combinée dans les régions appropriées de l'image. Les procédés décrits sont compatibles avec des formats images normalisés et facilitent le stockage et le cryptage de grands fichiers image.
PCT/US2003/032563 2002-10-15 2003-10-15 Systeme et procede de compression de cartes d'images couleur WO2004036487A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003301471A AU2003301471A1 (en) 2002-10-15 2003-10-15 System and method for compression of image color maps

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41887802P 2002-10-15 2002-10-15
US60/418,878 2002-10-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004036487A2 true WO2004036487A2 (fr) 2004-04-29
WO2004036487A3 WO2004036487A3 (fr) 2004-06-03

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PCT/US2003/032563 WO2004036487A2 (fr) 2002-10-15 2003-10-15 Systeme et procede de compression de cartes d'images couleur

Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AU2003301471A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004036487A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8965141B2 (en) 2012-08-17 2015-02-24 Thomson Licensing Image filtering based on structural information

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5142272A (en) * 1987-05-21 1992-08-25 Sony Corporation Method and apparatus for processing display color signal
US5463702A (en) * 1992-05-12 1995-10-31 Sony Electronics Inc. Perceptual based color-compression for raster image quantization
US5557712A (en) * 1994-02-16 1996-09-17 Apple Computer, Inc. Color map tables smoothing in a color computer graphics system avoiding objectionable color shifts
US5734744A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-31 Pixar Method and apparatus for compression and decompression of color data
US5764235A (en) * 1996-03-25 1998-06-09 Insight Development Corporation Computer implemented method and system for transmitting graphical images from server to client at user selectable resolution
US5825917A (en) * 1994-09-30 1998-10-20 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Region-based image processing method, image processing apparatus and image communication apparatus
US20020012473A1 (en) * 1996-10-01 2002-01-31 Tetsujiro Kondo Encoder, decoder, recording medium, encoding method, and decoding method

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5142272A (en) * 1987-05-21 1992-08-25 Sony Corporation Method and apparatus for processing display color signal
US5463702A (en) * 1992-05-12 1995-10-31 Sony Electronics Inc. Perceptual based color-compression for raster image quantization
US5557712A (en) * 1994-02-16 1996-09-17 Apple Computer, Inc. Color map tables smoothing in a color computer graphics system avoiding objectionable color shifts
US5825917A (en) * 1994-09-30 1998-10-20 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Region-based image processing method, image processing apparatus and image communication apparatus
US5734744A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-31 Pixar Method and apparatus for compression and decompression of color data
US5764235A (en) * 1996-03-25 1998-06-09 Insight Development Corporation Computer implemented method and system for transmitting graphical images from server to client at user selectable resolution
US20020012473A1 (en) * 1996-10-01 2002-01-31 Tetsujiro Kondo Encoder, decoder, recording medium, encoding method, and decoding method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8965141B2 (en) 2012-08-17 2015-02-24 Thomson Licensing Image filtering based on structural information

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003301471A1 (en) 2004-05-04
WO2004036487A3 (fr) 2004-06-03

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