WO2004036110A1 - Method for emptying a container - Google Patents

Method for emptying a container Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004036110A1
WO2004036110A1 PCT/EP2003/010982 EP0310982W WO2004036110A1 WO 2004036110 A1 WO2004036110 A1 WO 2004036110A1 EP 0310982 W EP0310982 W EP 0310982W WO 2004036110 A1 WO2004036110 A1 WO 2004036110A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
residual gas
container
mixture
gas
fraction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/010982
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Björn Stoltze
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to AU2003268913A priority Critical patent/AU2003268913A1/en
Publication of WO2004036110A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004036110A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B57/00—Tank or cargo hold cleaning specially adapted for vessels
    • B63B57/04—Tank or cargo hold cleaning specially adapted for vessels by ventilating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0341—Filters
    • F17C2205/0347—Active charcoal type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/013—Single phase liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0353—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid using cryocooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0365—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling with recovery of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/044—Methods for emptying or filling by purging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F17C2250/0452—Concentration of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/012—Purifying the fluid by filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing a residual gas from a container, wherein a purge gas is passed into the container, a mixture of purge gas and residual gas is withdrawn from the container and the mixture is separated into a first fraction essentially containing residual gas and a second fraction becomes.
  • EP 0748431 B1 describes a method for emptying a tank, in which a residual gas in the tank is pressed out of the tank with gaseous nitrogen and condensed against gaseous and liquid nitrogen in a two-stage cryocondensation plant. The gaseous nitrogen emerging from the condensation system is returned to the tank in order to convey further residual gas from the tank.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the cryocondensation system must be designed for the maximum required residual gas volume flows in order to ensure that the exhaust gas emerging from the cryocondensation system is always free of impurities.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to develop a method for removing residual gas from a tank or container in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided as far as possible.
  • a purge gas is first introduced into the container to be emptied, in which the residual gas is located.
  • the purge gas is used to transport the residual gas or part of it from the container.
  • the mixture of residual gas and purge gas withdrawn from the container is then separated into a first and a second fraction.
  • the first fraction essentially contains residual gas during.
  • the second fraction comprises the remainder not separated in this separation step.
  • the second fraction can thus consist only of purge gas, only residual gas or a mixture of purge gas and residual gas.
  • this second fraction is then fed back into the container to be emptied •.
  • the invention is therefore based on a circulation of the purge gas and the residual gas. At least part of the residual gas, namely the first fraction, is removed from the circuit in a controlled manner and can then be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. The cycle is repeated until the second fraction has the required purity, ie until the residual gas content in the second fraction has dropped below a predetermined limit.
  • the separating device for separating the residual gas from the mixture therefore does not have to be specifically matched to the residual gas quantity and residual gas composition located in the container.
  • the separation of at least part of the residual gas from the mixture removed from the container is preferably carried out by condensation of the residual gas.
  • heat exchange with a cryogenic fluid in particular with gaseous or liquid nitrogen, has proven particularly useful.
  • the mixture is particularly preferably brought into indirect heat exchange with gaseous nitrogen, it being possible for some of the residual gas to condense and be removed from the circuit in liquid form.
  • the remaining mixture is then cooled in a second heat exchanger with liquid nitrogen in order to condense lower-boiling components of the residual gas.
  • the nitrogen evaporated in the second heat exchanger is particularly preferably used as a refrigerant for the first heat exchanger.
  • cryocondensation it is also favorable to remove part of the residual gas from the mixture by adsorption, for example on activated carbon, by absorption or by a membrane separation process.
  • Air, nitrogen or an air-nitrogen mixture have proven particularly useful as the purge gas. Especially when removing gaseous mineral oil products from the container, care must be taken to ensure that there is no explosive mixture in the container when the purge gas is supplied.
  • any purity of the container atmosphere can be achieved by repeated circulation of the purge gas / residual gas mixture.
  • the separation system in which the first and second fractions are separated from one another, does not have to be adapted to the tank size or the amount of residual gas. It is entirely possible to temporarily connect only one, sometimes several tanks to a single separation system and to dispose of the residual gas in them.
  • a cryocondensation system to separate the first from the second fraction, it is also possible to set the temperature control in such a way that different substances condense out in the individual heat exchanger sections or heat exchangers depending on the dew point.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system according to the invention for emptying an inland tanker.
  • the figure shows an inland tanker 1, in which volatile organic components, such as gaseous mineral oil products, Petrol vapors or benzene.
  • volatile organic components such as gaseous mineral oil products, Petrol vapors or benzene.
  • an air-nitrogen mixture is introduced into the tank 1 via the gas manifold 2 of the tanker.
  • the residual gas in the tank 1 is displaced and passed out of the tank 1 via the extinguishing and charging lines 3.
  • the inlet openings in the extinguishing or charging lines 3 are located in the vicinity of the tank bottom, so that only a slight mixing of the flushing gas and the residual gas occurs.
  • the mixture of purge gas and residual gas is cooled in a heat exchanger 4 in indirect heat exchange with gaseous nitrogen, a portion of the residual gas being condensed out and withdrawn via line 5 and disposed of.
  • the rest is a heat exchanger 4 in indirect heat exchange with gaseous nitrogen, a portion of the residual gas being condensed out and withdrawn via line 5 and disposed of.
  • the mixture is cooled further in the heat exchanger 6 against liquid nitrogen, the constituents of the residual gas being condensed out at a lower dew point.
  • the mixture of purging gas and uncondensed residual gas emerging from the heat exchanger 6 is returned to the tanker via line 8.
  • the amount of residual gas removed as condensate via lines 5 and 7 is compensated for by supplying fresh purge gas via line 2.
  • the circulation of the gas is maintained by the blower 9 located in line 8.
  • the residual gas-purge gas mixture in the heat exchangers 4 and 6 is cooled with nitrogen.
  • liquid nitrogen is removed from a liquid nitrogen tank 10 and passed into the heat exchanger 6 in countercurrent to the residual gas to be condensed.
  • the liquid nitrogen used as the cooling medium is evaporated.
  • the resulting gaseous nitrogen is then used in the heat exchanger 4 as a coolant.
  • the residual gas / cooling gas mixture is cooled in indirect heat exchange, so that the original purity of the refrigerant nitrogen is retained.
  • the gaseous nitrogen 11 emerging from the heat exchanger 4 can thus be fed to further applications.
  • the residual gas-purge gas mixture is circulated until the desired purity of the tank atmosphere is achieved. For this is in line 8 Measuring device 12 attached, which determines the residual gas content in the residual gas-purge gas mixture.

Abstract

The invention relates a method for removing a residual gas from a container. For this purpose, a purge gas is introduced into the container and the mixture of said purge gas and residual gas is removed therefrom. Said mixture is divided into a first fraction which practically contains the residual gas and a second fraction which is reintroduced into the container (1).

Description

Beschreibung description
Verfahren zum Entleeren eines BehältersProcess for emptying a container
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entfernen eines Restgases aus einem Behälter, wobei ein Spülgas in den Behälter geleitet wird, ein Gemisch aus Spülgas und Restgas aus dem Behälter abgezogen wird und das Gemisch in eine erste im wesentlichen Restgas enthaltende Fraktion und in eine zweite Fraktion getrennt wird.The invention relates to a method for removing a residual gas from a container, wherein a purge gas is passed into the container, a mixture of purge gas and residual gas is withdrawn from the container and the mixture is separated into a first fraction essentially containing residual gas and a second fraction becomes.
Beim Ladungswechsel eines Tankschiffes ist es häufig notwendig, das nach dem Löschen der Ladung in dem Tank verbliebene Restgas zu entfernen, um Kompatibilitätsprobleme mit dem neu zu verladenden Produkt zu vermeiden und insbesondere die Qualität der neuen Ladung zu gewährleisten. Hierzu wird bisher die im Tank verbliebene Atmosphäre mittels Ventilatoren in die Umgebung abgeblasen. Ein derartiges Vorgehen führt jedoch zu beträchtlichen Umweltbelastungen.When changing the cargo of a tanker, it is often necessary to remove the residual gas remaining in the tank after the cargo has been extinguished in order to avoid compatibility problems with the product to be loaded and in particular to ensure the quality of the new cargo. To this end, the atmosphere remaining in the tank has been blown off into the environment by means of fans. However, such an approach leads to considerable environmental pollution.
Es wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, die in dem Tank enthaltenen Dämpfe in spezielle Dampfrückgewinnungsanlagen einzuleiten und unter kontrollierten Bedingungen zu entsorgen. So ist beispielsweise in der EP 0748431 B1 ein Verfahren zum Entleeren eines Tanks beschrieben, bei dem ein in dem Tank befindliches Restgas mit gasförmigem Stickstoff aus dem Tank gedrückt und in einer zweitstufigen Kryokondensationsanlage gegen gasförmigen und flüssigen Stickstoff kondensiert wird. Der aus der Kondensationsanlage austretende gasförmige Stickstoff wird wieder in den Tank geleitet, um weiteres Restgas aus dem Tank zu befördern. Nachteilig an diesem Verfahren ist, dass die Kryokondensationsanlage für die maximal geforderten Restgasmengenströme ausgelegt werden muss, um sicher zu stellen, dass das aus der Kryokondensationsanlage austretende Abgas stets frei von Verunreinigungen ist.It has already been proposed to introduce the vapors contained in the tank into special vapor recovery systems and to dispose of them under controlled conditions. For example, EP 0748431 B1 describes a method for emptying a tank, in which a residual gas in the tank is pressed out of the tank with gaseous nitrogen and condensed against gaseous and liquid nitrogen in a two-stage cryocondensation plant. The gaseous nitrogen emerging from the condensation system is returned to the tank in order to convey further residual gas from the tank. A disadvantage of this method is that the cryocondensation system must be designed for the maximum required residual gas volume flows in order to ensure that the exhaust gas emerging from the cryocondensation system is always free of impurities.
Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Restgas aus einem Tank oder Behälter zu entwickeln, bei dem die oben genannten Nachteile möglichst vermieden werden.The object of the present invention is therefore to develop a method for removing residual gas from a tank or container in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided as far as possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, bei dem die zweite Fraktion in den Behälter zurückgeführt wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird in den zu entleerenden Behälter, in dem sich das Restgas befindet, zunächst ein Spülgas eingeleitet. Das Spülgas dient dazu, das Restgas bzw. einen Teil davon aus dem Behälter zu befördern. Das aus dem Behälter abgezogene Gemisch aus Restgas und Spülgas wird anschließend in eine erste und in eine zweite Fraktion getrennt. Die erste Fraktion enthält dabei im wesentlichen Restgas, während . die zweite Fraktion den bei diesem Trennschritt nicht abgesonderten Rest umfasst. Die zweite Fraktion kann somit entweder nur aus Spüigas, nur aus Restgas oder aus einem Gemisch von Spülgas und Restgas bestehen.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the second fraction is returned to the container. According to the invention, a purge gas is first introduced into the container to be emptied, in which the residual gas is located. The purge gas is used to transport the residual gas or part of it from the container. The mixture of residual gas and purge gas withdrawn from the container is then separated into a first and a second fraction. The first fraction essentially contains residual gas during. the second fraction comprises the remainder not separated in this separation step. The second fraction can thus consist only of purge gas, only residual gas or a mixture of purge gas and residual gas.
Erfindungsgemäß wird nun diese zweite Fraktion in den zu entleerenden Behälter • zurückgeführt. Die Erfindung beruht also auf einer Kreislaufführung des Spülgases und des Restgases. Zumindest ein Teil des Restgases, nämlich die erste Fraktion, wird dem Kreislauf dabei kontrolliert entnommen und kann dann umweltfreundlich entsorgt werden. Der Kreislauf wird so oft durchlaufen, bis die zweite Fraktion die erforderliche Reinheit aufweist, d.h. bis der Restgasanteil in der zweiten Fraktion unter einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert gesunken ist.According to the invention this second fraction is then fed back into the container to be emptied •. The invention is therefore based on a circulation of the purge gas and the residual gas. At least part of the residual gas, namely the first fraction, is removed from the circuit in a controlled manner and can then be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. The cycle is repeated until the second fraction has the required purity, ie until the residual gas content in the second fraction has dropped below a predetermined limit.
Die Trenneinrichtung zum Abtrennen des Restgases von dem Gemisch muss daher nicht speziell auf die in dem Behälter befindliche Restgasmenge und Restgaszusammensetzung abgestimmt werden. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßenThe separating device for separating the residual gas from the mixture therefore does not have to be specifically matched to the residual gas quantity and residual gas composition located in the container. With the invention
Verfahren ist es nämlich unabhängig von der zu entsorgenden Restgasmenge möglich, einen vorgegebenen Reinheitsgrad zu erreichen, in dem der Kreislauf entsprechend oft durchlaufen wird.This is because, regardless of the amount of residual gas to be disposed of, it is possible to achieve a predetermined degree of purity, in which the cycle is run through correspondingly often.
Die Abtrennung zumindest eines Teils des Restgases aus dem dem Behälter entnommenen Gemisch erfolgt vorzugsweise durch Kondensation des Restgases. Je nach Art des Restgases hat sich hierbei insbesondere der Wärmeaustausch mit einem kryogenen Fluid, insbesondere mit gasförmigem oder flüssigem Stickstoff, bewährt.The separation of at least part of the residual gas from the mixture removed from the container is preferably carried out by condensation of the residual gas. Depending on the type of residual gas, heat exchange with a cryogenic fluid, in particular with gaseous or liquid nitrogen, has proven particularly useful.
Besonders bevorzugt wird das Gemisch in indirekten Wärmeaustausch mit gasförmigem Stickstoff gebracht, wobei ein Teil des Restgases kondensiert und dem Kreislauf in flüssiger Form entnommen werden kann. Das verbliebene Gemisch wird anschließend in einem zweiten Wärmetauscher mit flüssigem Stickstoff abgekühlt, um tiefer siedende Bestandteile des Restgases auszukondensieren. Besonders bevorzugt wird der in dem zweiten Wärmetauscher verdampfte Stickstoff als Kältemittel für den ersten Wärmetauscher eingesetzt. Die erfindungsgemäße Kondensation des Restgases in indirektem Wärmeaustausch mit gasförmigem und/oder flüssigem Stickstoff hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass die Reinheit des Stickstoffs erhalten bleibt und dieser anschließend uneingeschränkt weiter verwendet werden kann.The mixture is particularly preferably brought into indirect heat exchange with gaseous nitrogen, it being possible for some of the residual gas to condense and be removed from the circuit in liquid form. The remaining mixture is then cooled in a second heat exchanger with liquid nitrogen in order to condense lower-boiling components of the residual gas. The nitrogen evaporated in the second heat exchanger is particularly preferably used as a refrigerant for the first heat exchanger. The condensation of the residual gas according to the invention in indirect heat exchange with gaseous and / or liquid nitrogen has the further advantage that the purity of the nitrogen is retained and this can then be used without restriction.
Neben der Kryokondensation ist es ebenso günstig, einen Teil des Restgases durch Adsorption, beispielsweise an Aktivkohle, durch Absorption oder durch ein Membrantrennverfahren aus dem Gemisch zu entfernen.In addition to cryocondensation, it is also favorable to remove part of the residual gas from the mixture by adsorption, for example on activated carbon, by absorption or by a membrane separation process.
Als Spülgas haben sich insbesondere Luft, Stickstoff oder ein Luft-Stickstoff-Gemisch bewährt. Vor allem bei der Entfernung von gasförmigen Mineralölprodukten aus dem Behälter ist darauf zu achten, dass durch die Zuführung des Spülgases kein explosives Gemisch in dem Behälter entsteht.Air, nitrogen or an air-nitrogen mixture have proven particularly useful as the purge gas. Especially when removing gaseous mineral oil products from the container, care must be taken to ensure that there is no explosive mixture in the container when the purge gas is supplied.
Die Erfindung hat gegenüber den bisher bekannten Verfahren zahlreiche Vorteile: Zum einen ist durch wiederholte Kreislaufführung des Spülgas-Restgas-Gemisches eine beliebige Reinheit der Behälteratmosphäre erreichbar. Die Trennanlage, in der die erste und die zweite Fraktion voneinander getrennt werden, muss auch nicht an die Behältergröße bzw. an die Restgasmenge angepasst werden. Es ist durchaus möglich, an eine einzige Trennanlage zeitweise nur einen, zeitweise mehrere Behälter anzuschließen und das in diesen befindliche Restgas zu entsorgen. Bei Verwendung einer Kryokondensationsanlage zur Trennung der ersten von der zweiten Fraktion ist es ferner möglich, die Temperaturführung so einzustellen, dass in den einzelnen Wärmetauscherabschnitten bzw. Wärmetauschern je nach Taupunkt verschiedene Stoffe auskondensieren.The invention has numerous advantages over the previously known methods: on the one hand, any purity of the container atmosphere can be achieved by repeated circulation of the purge gas / residual gas mixture. The separation system, in which the first and second fractions are separated from one another, does not have to be adapted to the tank size or the amount of residual gas. It is entirely possible to temporarily connect only one, sometimes several tanks to a single separation system and to dispose of the residual gas in them. When using a cryocondensation system to separate the first from the second fraction, it is also possible to set the temperature control in such a way that different substances condense out in the individual heat exchanger sections or heat exchangers depending on the dew point.
Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand von dem in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt die Figur eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage zur Entleerung eines Binnentankschiffes.The invention and further details of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing. The figure shows a system according to the invention for emptying an inland tanker.
Die Figur zeigt ein Binnentankschiff 1, in welchem sich nach dem Löschen der Ladung noch flüchtige organische Komponenten, wie gasförmige Mineralölprodukte, Ottokraftstoffdämpfe oder Benzol, befinden. Zur Entsorgung dieses Restgases wird ein Luft-Stickstoff-Gemisch über die Gassammelleitung 2 des Tankschiffes in den Tank 1 eingeleitet. Das in dem Tank 1 befindliche Restgas wird verdrängt und über die Lösch- und Ladeleitungen 3 aus dem Tank 1 geleitet. Die Eintrittsöffnungen in die Lösch- bzw. Ladeleitungen 3 befinden sich in der Nähe des Tankbodens, so dass nur eine geringe Durchmischung des Spülgases und des Restgases auftritt.The figure shows an inland tanker 1, in which volatile organic components, such as gaseous mineral oil products, Petrol vapors or benzene. To dispose of this residual gas, an air-nitrogen mixture is introduced into the tank 1 via the gas manifold 2 of the tanker. The residual gas in the tank 1 is displaced and passed out of the tank 1 via the extinguishing and charging lines 3. The inlet openings in the extinguishing or charging lines 3 are located in the vicinity of the tank bottom, so that only a slight mixing of the flushing gas and the residual gas occurs.
Das Gemisch aus Spülgas und Restgas wird in einem Wärmetauscher 4 in indirektem Wärmeaustausch mit gasförmigem Stickstoff gekühlt, wobei ein Teil des Restgases auskondensiert und über Leitung 5 abgezogen und entsorgt wird. Das restlicheThe mixture of purge gas and residual gas is cooled in a heat exchanger 4 in indirect heat exchange with gaseous nitrogen, a portion of the residual gas being condensed out and withdrawn via line 5 and disposed of. The rest
Gemisch wird in dem Wärmetauscher 6 gegen flüssigen Stickstoff weiter abgekühlt, wobei die Bestandteile des Restgases mit tieferem Taupunkt auskondensiert werden. Das aus dem Wärmetauscher 6 austretende Gemisch aus Spülgas und nicht kondensiertem Restgas wird über Leitung 8 in das Tankschiff zurückgeführt. Die über die Leitungen 5 und 7 als Kondensat entnommene Restgasmenge wird durch Zufuhr frischen Spülgases über Leitung 2 ausgeglichen. Die Kreislaufführung des Gases wird durch das in der Leitung 8 befindliche Gebläse 9 aufrechterhalten.The mixture is cooled further in the heat exchanger 6 against liquid nitrogen, the constituents of the residual gas being condensed out at a lower dew point. The mixture of purging gas and uncondensed residual gas emerging from the heat exchanger 6 is returned to the tanker via line 8. The amount of residual gas removed as condensate via lines 5 and 7 is compensated for by supplying fresh purge gas via line 2. The circulation of the gas is maintained by the blower 9 located in line 8.
Die Kühlung des Restgas-Spülgas-Gemisches in den Wärmetauschern 4 und 6 erfolgt mit Stickstoff. Hierzu wird aus einem flüssigen Stickstofftank 10 flüssiger Stickstoff entnommen und im Gegenstrom zu dem zu kondensierenden Restgas in den Wärmetauscher 6 geleitet. Bei der Abkühlung und teilweisen Kondensation des Restgas-Spülgas-Gemisches im Wärmetauscher 6 wird der als Kühlmedium eingesetzte flüssige Stickstoff verdampft.The residual gas-purge gas mixture in the heat exchangers 4 and 6 is cooled with nitrogen. For this purpose, liquid nitrogen is removed from a liquid nitrogen tank 10 and passed into the heat exchanger 6 in countercurrent to the residual gas to be condensed. During the cooling and partial condensation of the residual gas-purge gas mixture in the heat exchanger 6, the liquid nitrogen used as the cooling medium is evaporated.
Der entstehende gasförmige Stickstoff wird dann im Wärmetauscher 4 als Kälteträger verwendet. In beiden Wärmetauschern 4 und 6 erfolgt die Abkühlung des Restgas- Kühlgas-Gemisches in indirektem Wärmeaustausch, so dass die ursprüngliche Reinheit des Kälteträgers Stickstoff erhalten bleibt. Der aus dem Wärmetauscher 4 austretende gasförmige Stickstoff 11 kann somit weiteren Anwendungen zugeführt werden.The resulting gaseous nitrogen is then used in the heat exchanger 4 as a coolant. In both heat exchangers 4 and 6, the residual gas / cooling gas mixture is cooled in indirect heat exchange, so that the original purity of the refrigerant nitrogen is retained. The gaseous nitrogen 11 emerging from the heat exchanger 4 can thus be fed to further applications.
Die Kreislaufführung des Restgas-Spülgas-Gemisches erfolgt so lange, bis die gewünschte Reinheit der Tankatmosphäre erreicht ist. Hierzu ist in Leitung 8 ein Messgerät 12 angebracht, welches den Restgasgehalt in dem Restgas-Spülgas- Gemisch bestimmt. The residual gas-purge gas mixture is circulated until the desired purity of the tank atmosphere is achieved. For this is in line 8 Measuring device 12 attached, which determines the residual gas content in the residual gas-purge gas mixture.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Entfernen eines Restgases aus einem Behälter, wobei ein Spülgas in den Behälter geleitet wird, ein Gemisch aus Spülgas und Restgas aus dem Behälter abgezogen wird und das Gemisch in eine erste im wesentlichen Restgas enthaltende Fraktion und in eine zweite Fraktion getrennt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Fraktion in den Behälter (1) zurückgeführt wird.1. A method for removing a residual gas from a container, wherein a purge gas is passed into the container, a mixture of purge gas and residual gas is drawn off from the container and the mixture is separated into a first fraction essentially containing residual gas and a second fraction, characterized in that the second fraction is returned to the container (1).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gemisch durch Kondensation zumindest eines Teils des Restgases in eine erste und eine zweite Fraktion getrennt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture is separated by condensation of at least part of the residual gas into a first and a second fraction.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Restgas im Wärmeaustausch mit einem kryogenen Fluid kondensiert wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the residual gas is condensed in the heat exchange with a cryogenic fluid.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Restgas durch4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the residual gas through
Wärmeaustausch mit gasförmigem und/oder flüssigem Stickstoff kondensiert wird.Heat exchange is condensed with gaseous and / or liquid nitrogen.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gemisch durch Adsorption oder Absorption zumindest eines Teils des Restgases in eine erste und eine zweite Fraktion getrennt wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixture is separated into a first and a second fraction by adsorption or absorption of at least part of the residual gas.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gemisch durch ein Membrantrennverfahren in eine erste und eine zweite Fraktion getrennt wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mixture is separated by a membrane separation process into a first and a second fraction.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Luft und/oder Stickstoff als Spülgas verwendet wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that air and / or nitrogen is used as the purge gas.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass flüchtige organische Komponenten, insbesondere Ottokraftstoffdämpfe und gasförmige Mineralölprodukte, aus dem Behälter entfernt werden.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that volatile organic components, in particular gasoline vapors and gaseous mineral oil products, are removed from the container.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Restgas aus Tankschiffen, insbesondere Binnentankschiffen, entfernt wird. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that residual gas is removed from tankers, in particular inland tankers.
PCT/EP2003/010982 2002-10-11 2003-10-02 Method for emptying a container WO2004036110A1 (en)

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CN112572715A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-03-30 南通市通宝船舶有限公司 Chemical tanker cargo handling liquid cleaning and sweeping system

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DE102005001277A1 (en) * 2005-01-11 2006-07-20 Linde Ag Plant and process for the recondensation of cold gas
DE102007057979B4 (en) * 2007-12-03 2018-04-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for filling a storage tank with cryogenic hydrogen

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CN112572715B (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-12-28 南通市通宝船舶有限公司 Chemical tanker cargo handling liquid cleaning and sweeping system

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