WO2004030202A1

WO2004030202A1 - Commutator generation device

Info

Publication number: WO2004030202A1
Application number: PCT/JP2003/012425
Authority: WO
Inventors: Masaji Haneda
Original assignee: Ntt Data Ex Techno Corporation
Priority date: 2002-09-27
Filing date: 2003-09-29
Publication date: 2004-04-08
Also published as: AU2003266679A1

Abstract

A field winding (201) is connected to a field AC power source and a brush (208) in contact with a commutator (207) is formed so as to be movable relatively in the circumferential direction with respect to the commutator (207). The field winding (201) wound on a field winding (202) is connected to an exciting AC power source (211). A rotor winding (204) wound on a rotor iron core (205), a commutator (207), and a brush (208) are formed as an AC output power source. Voltage obtained by the AC output power source is rectified and compared to a reference voltage by a comparator (210). Voltage of the exciting AC power source (211) is adjusted by the output of this comparator (210).

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a commutator power generation device that obtains a desired power generation output at a constant frequency irrespective of the magnitude of a rotational driving force input to a prime mover.

Akira Background technology

book

For example, the principle of hydroelectric power and thermal power generation is to transmit the rotational driving force of a water turbine or turbine to an AC generator, generate power based on the rotation of the rotor of the AC generator, and output AC power. In this case, in order to obtain AC power as generator output, the frequency must be constant, the voltage must be adjusted so that it does not exceed the rating, and the current and current according to the power used and the transmission capacity of the transmission line The phase is adjusted, and various kinds of adjustment control are required. For this purpose, various mechanical adjustments and controls, such as adjustment control of gas and water flow, that is, adjustment control by a governor, adjustment of the angle of blades of a prime mover, etc., for adjusting the rotational force of a turbine or a turbine, which is a generator input, are performed. Will be needed. In addition, in the case of grid connection, it is necessary to provide a link protection device such as a high-speed circuit breaker for protection in the event of a load short circuit, and it is necessary to take measures to protect against abnormal voltages such as lightning damage and ground faults. .

Considering this, in addition to the alternator, which is the main body of the generator, an extremely large number of devices and equipment such as detectors, adjustment devices, control devices, and protection devices are required for power generation. For proper supply, not only the generator itself but also a generator including many of these devices and equipment is required. As this power generation equipment becomes large, a large-scale power generation plant will be constructed, and at the same time, it will be necessary to frequently perform maintenance and inspection work.

On the other hand, as a recent trend, various types of low-power generators such as small-scale hydropower and wind power have been commercialized (wind power has recently emerged as a large-power generator). This is in line with the trend to completely convert so-called clean energy in the environment into electricity. Even with these low-output power generators, devices and equipment such as governors are required, and maintenance and inspection are troublesome.However, the installation of these power generators is the same as that of the above-mentioned thermal power generation etc. In addition, it is necessary to strictly select a location where energy can be efficiently obtained by considering the installation environment in advance.

In recent years, various types of low-output power generation devices, such as small-scale hydropower and wind power generation, have been commercialized due to the trend to use clean energy such as hydropower and wind power in the natural environment as electric power. Even with these low-power generators, governors and other equipment and facilities are required for AC power that satisfies the above conditions and necessary protective measures, and frequent maintenance and inspection work is required. Come up.

In addition, one of the generators is an engine generator that is used in emergency or mobile generators. Although this engine generator is generally small in capacity, it has been used not only as a generator for in-house power generation but also recently as an auxiliary device for a cogeneration system (thermoelectric supply system). For this reason, even in the case of engine generators, if the size of the local cogeneration system becomes large and the power generation output becomes large, many devices and equipment such as adjustment devices, control devices, and protection devices will be required, and When a power system is used, interconnection protection devices such as high-speed circuit breakers are needed to protect against load short circuits.

Patent Document 1

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Even in a large-scale power plant as described above or in a low-output power generator, it is possible to reduce equipment costs, simplify the equipment, In order to reduce the maintenance and inspection by staff, detectors, adjustment devices, control devices, protection devices, etc. other than the alternator, which are present in a large number, should be simplified as much as possible, or removed if possible. Therefore, there is a demand to make the power generation device slimmer. In addition, when selecting the installation location for a low-power generator, it is natural to consider the installation environment for a permanent generator, but depending on the season and season, for example, when the amount of water is abundant, There may be a power generation device that can be installed and stored easily, which can be easily installed and stored in a strong season, and can be handled in the same way as a fan is put out in summer and a stove is put out in winter. .

Considering a specific example, in the case of wind or wind storms, wind power generators have a portable size and structure that can automatically adjust the output frequency and phase to predetermined values by the generator itself and can be easily attached to and detached from roofs and walls. However, even if there is a generator that has characteristics that keep the output voltage within the rated voltage, it is acceptable.

However, according to the above-mentioned conventional technology, control of the frequency, voltage, current, and phase of AC power and protection measures for the devices are performed by using many devices such as detectors, adjustment devices, control devices, and protection devices. However, there is a problem that the cost of the equipment is increased, the equipment is complicated, and the maintenance and inspection work by staff is increased.

Further, according to the above-described conventional technology, many devices such as a detector, an adjustment device, a control device, and a protection device are required, so that even in the case of a small output power generation device, installation and storage can be easily performed. There was a problem that it could not be done.

More specifically, even in the case of a low-power wind power generator, if it is connected to the grid, it is necessary to completely match the frequency and phase and completely synchronize it with the commercial power supply. In the case of high-speed rotation, it is necessary to control the number of rotations to suppress excessive voltage or to disconnect the equipment.In the case of low-speed rotation in a weak wind, the power generation output cannot be obtained and the system load In order to achieve this, it is necessary to disconnect equipment, so that many adjustment control devices, etc., and maintenance work by personnel are required, and the installation location is also a fixed place that is strictly selected. there were.

Furthermore, according to the conventional technology, there are the following problems, and a power generation device that solves these problems has been desired.

First, in the case of engine generators, the smaller the capacity of the engine generator, the larger the output voltage fluctuation due to load fluctuation tends to be. Although the output voltage is adjusted by the excitation current, the frequency is fluctuated due to the slow response in mechanical speed control. In order to reduce fluctuations in voltage and frequency, there is a measure to increase the size of the magnetic circuit and increase the size of the winding to increase the size, thereby obtaining a device that absorbs the fluctuations. Inevitably, cost / weight increased, and it was not possible to meet the demand for slimness.

Second, if the grid is connected to a cogeneration system that uses the engine generator as an auxiliary machine, if a power outage occurs and the engine generator output is short-circuited, a large current Even if the wire is burnt out and the engine generator output is short-circuited, the prime mover input does not change, so that an extremely large stress is applied to the prime mover connecting shaft, which may damage the prime mover connecting shaft. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to provide a high-speed circuit breaker. However, in the case of a large capacity, there is a problem that the response speed is slow and the equipment is generally expensive.

Third, in the case of wave power generation, there is a power generation system that extracts power from the bi-directional rotation driving force, which is the forward and reverse directions of intake and exhaust, to improve power generation efficiency. In order to obtain the generated power, it is necessary to switch the electrical polarity by turning on and off a switch or the like every time the motor is driven in the forward or reverse direction, so that the switching control is complicated.

Fourth, in the above various types of power generation, it is necessary to adjust the power factor as long as the power is generated.However, the synchronous rotation speed is controlled mechanically to change the current phase, or the excitation current is controlled mechanically. However, since the power factor is adjusted by changing the current phase by controlling the power factor, there is a problem that the power factor cannot always be easily adjusted.

Fifth, when attention is paid to engine generators as separate generators, there are large fixed installation or small mobile generators as engine generators. There is a problem that the output voltage fluctuates greatly due to load fluctuations.To reduce this voltage fluctuation, it is necessary to adjust the output of the engine or adjust the output voltage using the excitation current, leading to mechanical rotation speed control. And of the response If the frequency fluctuates due to the delay, there is a problem of the ray.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and does not increase the cost of the equipment, increase the complexity of the equipment, increase the maintenance and inspection work by the staff, etc. The purpose of the present invention is to obtain a commutator power generation device that can obtain a power output of the same type, can be easily connected to a grid, and can be easily installed and stored as necessary.

Further, the present invention eliminates a response delay such as mechanical rotation speed control even when an engine power generation device is used, does not require a large cost / weight power generation device, and assists a cogeneration system. The purpose is to obtain a commutator power generator that does not spread its influence even if there is a power failure in the system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a commutator power generation device that facilitates power factor adjustment without having to perform electrical polarity switching such as wave power generation by turning on and off a switch or the like.

In addition, the present invention provides a slim power generation device that minimizes equipment and devices such as an adjustment control device or maintenance and inspection work, and a commutator power generation device that can be easily installed and stored as necessary. With the goal.

The present invention also provides a commutator that eliminates a response delay in mechanical rotation speed control even when an engine generator is used, suppresses cost and weight increases, and absorbs voltage and frequency fluctuations. The purpose is to obtain a power generator. Disclosure of the invention

In order to achieve the above object, a commutator power generator according to the present invention rotates a rotor core wound with a rotor winding relative to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited. In a commutator generator that extracts power through a commutator and a brush, an AC power supply is connected to the field winding, and the brush that contacts the commutator and the stator core are distinguished between when the rotor is stopped and when the rotor is running. The brush is configured to be relatively rotatable in the circumferential direction of the commutator, and an AC output terminal different from the AC power supply is connected to the brush.

According to the present invention, the frequency due to the field current is always used as the output frequency of the power generator. The output voltage and the phase can be adjusted by rotating the brush. It is possible to reduce the number of devices and expand the usage environment based on them.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the rotation of the brush is performed by driving a brush holder arranged around the commutator via an air gap by an actuator. I do.

According to the present invention, the rotation of the brush is performed with a structure as simple as possible.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a brush rotation angle with respect to a rotor rotation speed.

According to the present invention, for example, a one-chip dedicated controller having a built-in table can cope with the rotation speed fluctuation, load fluctuation, or power factor fluctuation of the prime mover. In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the controller is 0 degree or 0 degree in at least one of a state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain rotation speed or more, and a sudden change in load. It is characterized in that it is controlled to a nearby brush position.

According to the present invention, even when there is no input from the prime mover and it does not function as a generator, the power consumption as a load is extremely small, or when the rotor is over-rotating, a rotation is generated from the prime mover, resulting in a short circuit or ground fault. In the event of an accident, etc., it is possible to quickly suppress power consumption.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

According to the present invention, it is possible to perform power control according to the state of use of the generator, the state of the load, and the state of the entire power system including the system. A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the rotation of the stator core is performed by being driven by an actuator.

According to the present invention, a stator iron core rotating mechanism is provided.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a rotation angle of the stator core with respect to a rotation speed of the rotor. .

According to the present invention, for example, a one-chip dedicated controller having a built-in table can cope with the rotation speed fluctuation, load fluctuation, or power factor fluctuation of the prime mover. In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the controller is 0 degree or 0 degree in at least one of a state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain rotation speed or more, and a sudden change in load. It is characterized in that it is controlled to a nearby rotor core position.

According to the present invention, it is possible to perform power control according to the state of use of the generator, the state of the load, and the state of the entire power system including the system.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, a brush holder disposed around the commutator via an air gap is driven by an actuator, and the brush is rotated and driven by the actuator. It is a special feature that both the rotation of the stator core and the rotation of the stator core are performed.

According to the present invention, both the brush rotating mechanism and the stator core rotating mechanism are provided. The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a rotation angle between the brush and the stator core with respect to the rotation speed of the rotor. .

According to the present invention, for example, a one-chip dedicated controller having a built-in table can cope with the rotation speed fluctuation, load fluctuation, or power factor fluctuation of the prime mover. In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the controller is 0 degree or 0 degree in at least one of a state in which the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain rotation speed or more, and a sudden change in load. It is characterized in that the near brush position is controlled to the rotor core position.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the AC output terminal or the field circuit connected to the brush is provided with variable phase shift means.

According to the present invention, it is possible to perform an appropriate phase shift according to the state of the power transmission path, the state of the load, the state of the excitation, and the like.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the number of windings of the rotor winding is determined by a difference between an induced electromotive force caused by a transformer action induced in the rotor winding and an induced electromotive force caused by rotation. The adjustment is performed according to the relative relationship.

According to the present invention, the magnitude and phase of the electromotive force can be suitably adjusted. The commutator power generator according to each of the above-mentioned inventions is also applied to a so-called split-type commutator power generator in which an AC output terminal connected to a brush is connected to an AC power source which is a field power source. Has an effect.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the field circuit is connected to a capacitor having a capacity that causes series resonance with respect to the field winding, thereby providing a variable phase shift means. .

According to the present invention, a large current can flow even if a low voltage is applied to the field circuit.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, an AC excitation power supply is connected to a field winding wound around the stator core, and the rotor winding wound around the rotor core is commutated with the commutator and the brush. It is formed as an output power supply, rectifies the voltage from the AC output power supply, compares it with a reference voltage by a comparator, and adjusts the voltage of the AC excitation power supply with the output of the comparator.

According to the present invention, the apparatus is simple and inexpensive without having to finely control the rotational driving force and the like even when there is a load change. Also, even if the output voltage capacity of the generator is small, it is easy to compensate for the AC voltage without increasing the size of the magnetic circuit or the like. When the system is connected to the grid, a constant output is obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, an AC excitation power supply is connected to a field winding wound on the stator core, and the commutator and the brush are exchanged with the rotor winding wound on the rotor core. It is formed as an output power supply, and the voltage of the AC output power supply and the reference AC voltage are compared by a comparator, and the voltage of the AC excitation power supply is adjusted by the output of the comparator.

According to the present invention, even if there is a load fluctuation, the apparatus can be made simple and inexpensive without having to finely control the rotational driving force and the like. Also, even if the output voltage capacity of the generator is small, it is easy to compensate for the AC voltage without increasing the size of the magnetic circuit or the like. When the system is connected to the grid, a constant output is obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force.

The commutator power generation device according to the next invention is characterized in that the field winding wound on the stator core is The excitation power supply is connected, the rotor winding wound on the rotor core, the commutator, and the brush are formed as an AC output power supply. The voltage of the AC excitation power supply is adjusted by the output of the heater. According to the present invention, it is easy to compensate for the AC output current.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the same waveform corresponding to the voltage waveform of the AC excitation power supply is output from the AC output power supply.

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain, as an output, the same waveform as that of an AC output power supply that is a field power supply.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, an AC output terminal or an AC output power supply is used as a UPS.

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an uninterruptible power supply, to connect to a system with a simple structure, and to obtain an output at a desired frequency, phase, and voltage.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is the above invention, further comprising a power amplifier for applying a voltage taken out from the brush to an AC output terminal to one input terminal, wherein the output terminal of the power amplifier is connected to a field winding. The input terminal of the power amplifier is connected to a negative feedback input of the field winding terminal voltage.

According to the present invention, a field current having the same phase as the system voltage or the output voltage can be caused to flow by the negative feedback of the power amplifier, and the current phase can be improved.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that in the above invention, the output of an AGC circuit provided at one input terminal of the power amplifier is controlled by a current value flowing from the brush to the AC output terminal.敫.

According to the present invention, it is possible to control the voltage of the power amplifier in accordance with the rotor current, and to control the amount of field current.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that a commutator and a brush are rotated by rotating a rotor core wound with a rotor winding with respect to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited. In a commutator generator that extracts electric power via a coil, an AC power supply is connected to the field windings, and each commutator piece that forms the commutator is arranged in a cylindrical shape with a skew in the axial direction to rectify the brush. The brush is configured to be movable along the axial direction relative to the rotor while being in contact with the rotor, and an AC output terminal different from the AC power supply is connected to the brush. According to the present invention, the frequency due to the field current can always be used as the output frequency of the power generation device, and the output voltage and phase can be adjusted by moving the brush and the rotor in the axial direction. It is possible to adjust the output voltage and power factor even if the load and load characteristics fluctuate, and it is possible to reduce the number of facilities and equipment related to power generation and expand the operating environment based on it.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the brush has a skew in the axial direction, and the brush moves in the axial movement range of the commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape. It is characterized by being configured to be able to move along and reciprocate.

According to the present invention, the brush is made movable in the axial direction within the axial movement range to adjust the output voltage and the phase.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the skew angle of each commutator piece is in contact with the brush while the brush is moved within the axial movement range of the brush. It is characterized in that the number of commutator pieces is determined such that a difference of 90 degrees or more occurs in an electrical angle of a rotor winding connected to the commutator piece.

According to the present invention, by providing an electrical angle difference of 90 degrees or more of the rotor winding within the axial movement range of the brush, for example, from 0 degrees around a commutator composed of linear commutator pieces. Characteristics equivalent to brush rotation up to 90 degrees or more are obtained, and desired output voltage adjustment and phase adjustment can be performed.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the axial movement of the brush is such that a brush holder arranged around the commutator via a gap generates fluid pressure to a prime mover that generates a rotational driving force. Is performed by moving according to.

According to the present invention, by moving the brush in the axial direction according to the fluid pressure due to the wind and the force water, the brush movement according to the rotational driving force of a prime mover such as a propeller or a water wheel can be performed. This achieves brush control with a simple and inexpensive mechanism.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the brush is moved in the axial direction by driving a brush holder, which is arranged around the commutator with a gap, by an actuator. .

According to the present invention, the brush is moved in the axial direction by an actuator which is as simple as possible.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a brush axial movement position with respect to a rotation speed of a rotor.

According to the present invention, for example, a one-chip dedicated controller having a built-in table can cope with the rotation speed fluctuation, load fluctuation, or power factor fluctuation of the prime mover. In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the controller moves the brush in the axial direction in at least one of a state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain rotation speed or more, and a sudden change in load. The brush position is controlled to be the reference position.

According to the present invention, even when the motor does not function as a generator because there is no rotational driving force from the prime mover, the power consumption is extremely small due to the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer, or when the rotor is over-rotating, the rotation is reduced. Induced electromotive force is not generated, and the motor is turned around, and power can be quickly suppressed in the event of an accident such as a short circuit or ground fault. A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is increased from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end in the circumferential direction of the commutator. Twisting clockwise, then twisting counterclockwise in the circumferential direction Features.

According to the present invention, the skew of the commutator allows the brush to move from the reference position to a 90-degree brush rotation equivalent position, for example, and move to the reference position by unidirectional movement of the brush. The brush movement position can be determined according to the wind pressure from no wind to strong wind, so brush control becomes simple, and mechanical brush control according to fluid pressure becomes possible.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is the commutator power generator according to the above invention, wherein the rotor has a skew in the axial direction and the commutator pieces in which the commutator pieces are arranged in a cylindrical shape in the axial movement range. , And can be moved back and forth.

According to the present invention, the output voltage and the phase are adjusted by allowing the rotor to move axially within the axial movement range.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the angle of the skew of each commutator piece contacts the brush while the rotor is moved within the axial movement range of the rotor. The number of commutator pieces to be formed is determined so as to be a number that produces a difference of 90 degrees or more in the electrical angle of the rotor winding connected to the commutator piece.

According to the present invention, by providing an electrical angle difference of 90 degrees or more of the rotor winding within the axial movement range of the rotor, for example, 0 degrees around the commutator formed of a linear commutator piece. The characteristics equivalent to brush rotation from 90 to 90 degrees or more are obtained, and the desired output voltage adjustment and phase adjustment can be performed.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the axial movement of the rotor is performed by moving the rotor in accordance with a fluid pressure to a prime mover that generates a rotational driving force. .

According to the present invention, by moving the rotor in the axial direction according to the fluid pressure due to wind or water, the rotor movement corresponding to the rotational driving force of the prime mover such as a propeller or a water wheel is achieved, The rotor can be controlled by a simple and inexpensive mechanism. The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the axial movement of the rotor is performed by driving an actuator. According to the present invention, the mechanism for moving the rotor in the axial direction is realized by using an actuator as simple as possible.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a rotational position of the rotor with respect to a rotational speed of the rotor.

According to the present invention, for example, a one-chip dedicated controller having a built-in table can cope with the rotation speed fluctuation, load fluctuation, or power factor fluctuation of the prime mover. In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the controller is arranged so that at least one of a state in which the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain rotation speed or more, and a sudden change in load, It is characterized in that the moving position is controlled to a rotor position that is a reference position.

According to the present invention, even when the motor does not function as a generator because there is no rotational driving force from the prime mover, the power consumption is extremely small due to the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer, or when the rotor is over-rotating, the rotation is reduced. Induced electromotive force is not generated, and the motor is turned around, and power can be quickly suppressed in the event of an accident such as a short circuit or ground fault. A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the taper is created by using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is increased from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end in the circumferential direction of the commutator. Twisted clockwise, then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction.

According to the present invention, it is possible to reach the 90-degree brush rotation equivalent position from the reference position, for example, and move to the reference position by one-way movement of the rotor in the skew shape of the commutator. In power generation, the rotor moves according to the wind pressure from no wind to strong wind Position can be determined, rotor control is simplified, and mechanical rotor control according to fluid pressure is also possible.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the rotor and the brush are provided with a skew in the axial direction so that each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape within the axial movement range of the commutator. Are configured to be reciprocally movable along the axial direction.

According to the present invention, the output voltage and the phase are adjusted by allowing the rotor and the brush to move axially within the axial movement range.

In the commutator power generating apparatus according to the next invention, in the above invention, the angle of the skew of each commutator piece is at least one of the brush and the rotor within the axial movement range of the brush and the rotor. In particular, determine the number of commutator segments in contact with the brush so that there is a difference of 90 degrees or more in the electrical angle of the rotor winding connected to the commutator segment. ¾¾.

According to the present invention, by providing an electrical angle difference of 90 ° or more of the rotor winding within the axial movement range of the rotor and the brush, for example, around the rectifier composed of linear commutator pieces, Thus, characteristics equivalent to brush rotation from 0 to 90 degrees or more are obtained, and desired output voltage adjustment and phase adjustment can be performed.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the axial movement of at least one of the rotor and the brush is at least one of the brush holders arranged around the rotor and the commutator via a gap. Is performed in accordance with the fluid pressure to the prime mover that generates the rotational driving force.

According to the present invention, by moving the rotor and the brush in the axial direction according to the fluid pressure of the wind and water, the movement of the rotor and the brush according to the rotational driving force of the prime mover such as a propeller or a water wheel can be achieved. By achieving this, it becomes possible to control the rotor and brush with a simple and inexpensive mechanism.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the brush is axially moved by driving the brush holder, which is disposed around the commutator via an air gap, by the actuator. With the axial movement of the rotor It is characterized by performing.

According to the present invention, both of the brush moving mechanism and the rotor moving mechanism are performed by an actuator as simple as possible.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a relative axial movement position of the brush and the rotor with respect to the rotation speed of the rotor. And

According to the present invention, for example, a one-chip dedicated controller having a built-in table can cope with the rotation speed fluctuation, load fluctuation, or power factor fluctuation of the prime mover. In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the controller is configured to control the rotation of the brush and the rotor in at least one of a state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain rotation speed or more, and a sudden change in load. At least one relative axial movement position is controlled so as to be a reference position.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is increased from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end in the circumferential direction of the commutator. A special feature is that it is twisted clockwise and then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction.

According to the present invention, the skew shape of the commutator causes the rotor to move in one direction, for example, reaches a 90-degree brush rotation equivalent position from the reference position, and further moves to the reference position. For example, in wind power generation, the rotor and brush moving position can be determined according to the wind pressure from no wind to strong wind, and the rotor and brush control is simplified, and the mechanical rotor and brush according to the fluid pressure Control is also possible.

According to the present invention, the magnitude and phase of the electromotive force can be suitably adjusted. The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the field circuit is connected to a capacitor having a capacity that causes series resonance with respect to the field winding, thereby providing a variable phase shift means. .

The commutator power generator according to each of the above-mentioned inventions is also applied to a so-called shunt type commutator power generator in which the AC output terminal connected to the brush is connected to an AC power source which is a field power source, and the same effect is obtained. Has an effect.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, an AC excitation power supply is connected to a field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core and each commutator piece are axially connected. A commutator arranged in a cylindrical shape with a skew, and a brush that moves axially relative to this commutator are formed as an AC output power supply. The comparator is used for comparison, and the voltage of the AC excitation power supply is adjusted based on the output of the comparator.

According to this invention, it is necessary to finely control the rotational driving force and the like even if there is a load fluctuation. The device becomes simple and inexpensive without the need. Further, even if the output voltage capacity of the generator is small, it is easy to compensate for the AC voltage without increasing the size of the magnetic circuit or the like. When the system is connected to the grid, a constant output can be obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force.

A commutator generator according to the next invention is characterized in that an AC excitation power supply is connected to a field winding wound on a stator core, and a rotor winding wound on the rotor core and each commutator piece are axially connected. A skewed commutator and a brush that moves axially relative to this commutator are formed as an AC output power supply, and the voltage from the AC output power supply is compared with the reference AC voltage. The voltage of the AC excitation power supply is adjusted by the output of the comparator.

According to the present invention, the apparatus is simple and inexpensive without having to finely control the rotational driving force and the like even when there is a load change. Further, even if the output voltage capacity of the generator is small, it is easy to compensate for the AC voltage without increasing the size of the magnetic circuit or the like. When the system is connected to the grid, a constant output is obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that an AC excitation power supply is connected to a field winding wound around a stator core, and a rotor core wound around the rotor core, and each commutator piece is connected to a shaft. A commutator arranged in a cylindrical shape with skew in the direction and a brush that moves axially relative to the commutator are formed as an AC output power supply, and the current from the AC output power supply and the reference current are formed. The comparator is used for comparison, and the voltage of the AC excitation power supply is adjusted based on the output of the comparator.

According to the present invention, the compensation of the AC output current is facilitated.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the AC output terminal or the AC output power supply is used as a UPS. According to the present invention, an uninterruptible power supply can be obtained, and a simple structure can be connected to the r system, and an output can be obtained at a desired frequency, phase, and voltage.

A commutator generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the output of an AGC circuit provided at one input terminal of the power amplifier is controlled by a current value flowing from the brush to the AC output terminal.

According to the present invention, it is possible to control the voltage of the power amplifier according to the rotor current, and to control the amount of field current.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that a rotor core wound with a rotor winding is rotated with respect to a stator core whose field winding is excited by a coil L, and the commutator and a brush are interposed therebetween. In the commutator generator, the AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element, and the brush and the stator core contacting the commutator are relatively fixed to each other. It is configured to be rotatable in the circumferential direction, and the range that can be rotated in the circumferential direction is a range of a desired electrical angle with respect to a preset electrical angle reference position.

According to the present invention, it is possible to output the frequency obtained by the AC power supply frequency, and to adjust the output and the power factor by the relative rotation of the desired angle of the brush, so that the system interconnection is possible. Of course, it is possible to adjust the voltage according to the fluctuation of the rotational driving force and the fluctuation of the output voltage or output characteristics, and it is possible to reduce the number of generators and equipment and expand the use environment. In addition, when the system is out of power and the output terminal of the generator is short-circuited, the field current from the system does not flow and there is no generator excitation input, so no generator output is generated. As a result, a short-circuit current is generated from the generator. There is no danger of generation and there is little stress on the generator.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that a rotor core, on which a rotor winding is wound, is rotated with respect to a stator core, on which a field winding is wound and excited, to generate electric power via a commutator and a brush. In the commutator power generator, an AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element, and the brush and the stator core contacting the commutator are positioned relatively to each other in the circumferential direction of the commutator. It is characterized in that the range in which it can be rotated in the circumferential direction is in a range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle.

According to the present invention, it is possible to output a frequency obtained as an AC power supply frequency, and it is possible to adjust the output and the power factor by the relative rotation of the brush between 0 and 90 degrees. Not only is it possible to interconnect, but also it is possible to adjust the voltage according to fluctuations in rotational driving force and fluctuations in output voltage, thereby reducing generator equipment and equipment and expanding the operating environment. Can be planned. In addition, when the system is out of power and the generator output is short-circuited, no generator current is generated because no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input. As a result, there is no possibility that a short-circuit current will be generated from the generator, and stress on the generator will be small.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that a rotor core, on which a rotor winding is wound, is rotated with respect to a stator core, on which a field winding is wound and excited, to generate electric power via a commutator and a brush. In the commutator generator, an AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element, and each commutator piece forming a commutator is arranged in a cylindrical shape with a skew in the axial direction. The brush is configured to be movable along the axial direction relative to the rotor while being in contact with the commutator.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the frequency obtained by an alternating current power supply frequency can be output, The output and power factor are controlled by the relative rotation of the brush accompanying the axial movement of the skewed commutator and the brush. Since the power supply can be adjusted, it is possible not only to connect to the grid, but also to adjust the voltage in accordance with fluctuations in rotational driving force and fluctuations in output voltage or output characteristics, thus reducing and using generator equipment and facilities. The environment can be expanded. Also, when a power failure occurs and the generator output terminal is short-circuited, Since the field current does not flow and there is no generator excitation input, no generator output is generated. As a result, there is no danger of generating a short circuit current from the generator, and the stress on the generator is reduced.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, the skew angle of each commutator piece is determined when either the brush or the commutator is moved within the relative axial movement range of the brush and the commutator. However, the number of the commutator pieces that can come into contact with this brush is an angle that is equal to or greater than 90 degrees in the electrical angle of the rotor winding connected to the commutator piece. Features.

According to the present invention, by providing an electrical angle difference of 90 ° or more of the rotor winding within the axial movement range of the brush or the commutator, for example, when the linear commutator piece is considered as a straight commutator piece, The characteristics equivalent to the brush rotating from 0 degrees to 90 degrees or more around the child are obtained, and the desired output voltage adjustment and phase adjustment can be performed.

In the commutator power generating apparatus according to the next invention, the skewing of the commutator formed by each commutator piece twists clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one axial end to the other end of the commutator. It is characterized by having a shape twisted counterclockwise in the direction.

According to the present invention, the skew shape of the commutator allows the brush or commutator to move only 90 degrees from the reference position to the brush rotation position, for example, and then move to the reference position only by one-way movement of the commutator. In this mode, the brush movement position can be determined according to the wind pressure from no wind to strong wind, and brush control is simplified.

In the commutator power generator according to the next invention, the brush and the commutator are configured to be relatively movable along the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape. It is characterized.

According to the present invention, the output voltage and the phase are adjusted by making the brush or the commutator axially movable within the axial movement range.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that the movable range in the axial direction is in a range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle.

According to the present invention, the electrical angle of 90 degrees due to the axial movement of the brush or the commutator is By rotation, the output fluctuation from the minimum to the maximum can be easily obtained.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that a rotor core wound with a rotor winding is rotated with respect to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited to generate electric power through a commutator and a brush. A first and a second AC power supply are selectively connected to a field winding via a phase shift element and a first switch, so that a brush and a stator contacting the commutator. The core and the core are rotatable relative to each other in the circumferential direction of the commutator, and the brush is always connected to the first AC power supply via the connection destination of the output terminal and the second switch linked to the first switch. It is characterized by having done.

According to the present invention, it is possible to output the frequency obtained by the AC power supply frequency, and to adjust the output and the power factor by the relative rotation of the brush. Of course, the voltage can be adjusted according to the fluctuation of the rotational driving force, the fluctuation of the output voltage or the fluctuation of the output characteristic, and it is possible to reduce the number of generators and equipment and expand the use environment. In addition, when the system is out of power and the generator output terminal is short-circuited, no generator current is generated because no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input. As a result, there is no danger of short-circuit current from the generator, and there is less stress on the generator. Therefore, there is no need to instantaneously switch the first switch, and power can be generated immediately using the second AC power supply as a field power supply.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that at least one of the connection destinations of the second AC power supply or the constant output terminal is a UPS.

According to the present invention, stable power generation is performed by using a UPS as a field power source as a second AC power source, and a power generator is useful as a UPS supply power source by using a stable field power source. It can be.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that the range in which the rotation is possible in the circumferential direction is in a range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle.

According to the present invention, the output fluctuation from the minimum to the maximum can be easily obtained by the rotation of the brush or the commutator by the electrical angle of 90 degrees accompanying the circumferential movement. The commutator power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that a rotor core wound with a rotor winding is rotated with respect to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited to generate electric power through a commutator and a brush. In the commutator generator, the first and second AC power supplies are selectively connected to the field winding via a phase shift element and a first switch to form a commutator. Are arranged in a cylindrical shape with skew in the axial direction, and the brush is configured to be movable along the axial direction relative to the rotor while contacting the commutator, and the brush is always connected to the output terminal. And a first switch connected to the first AC power supply via a second switch interlocked with the first switch.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, since the frequency obtained by an AC power supply frequency can be output and an output and a power factor can be adjusted by the relative axial movement of a brush, grid connection is possible. Of course, it is possible to adjust the voltage in accordance with the fluctuation of the rotational driving force and the fluctuation of the output voltage or output characteristics, and it is possible to reduce the number of generator devices and equipment and expand the use environment. In addition, when the system is out of power and the generator output terminal is short-circuited, no generator current is input because no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input. As a result, there is no possibility that a short-circuit current will be generated from the generator, and stress on the generator will be small. Therefore, there is no need to instantaneously switch the first switch, and power can be generated immediately using the second AC power supply as a field power supply.

The invention dependent on the independent invention corresponding to claim 11 is also accompanied by the same invention as the invention dependent on the independent invention corresponding to claim 3 or claim 8, and the same effect is obtained. Obtainable.

The commutator power generator according to the next invention is a commutator and a commutator in which a rotor core wound with a rotor winding is rotated forward and reverse with respect to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited. In a commutator generator that extracts power through a brush, an AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element, and the brush and the stator core that make contact with the commutator are rectified relative to each other. It is configured to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the child, and the range in which the circumferential direction is rotatable is set to a range of about ± 90 degrees centering on an electrical angle of about 0 degrees. According to the present invention, it is possible to output the frequency obtained as the AC power supply frequency, and to adjust the output and the power factor by the relative rotation of the brush. Of course, the voltage can be adjusted according to the fluctuation of the rotational driving force, the fluctuation of the output voltage or the output characteristics, and it is possible to reduce the number of generator devices and equipment and expand the use environment. In addition, even if the rotational driving force is reversed, it is possible to easily cope with the rotation of the brush. In addition, when the power outage of the system causes the output end of the generator to be short-circuited, no generator current is generated because no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input. As a result, there is no danger of generating a short circuit from the generator, and the generator is less stressed.

A commutator power generator according to the next invention is a commutator and a commutator in which a rotor core wound with a rotor winding is rotated forward and reverse with respect to a stator core which is excited by winding a field winding. In a commutator generator that extracts power through a brush and a brush, an AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element, and each commutator piece that forms the commutator has a skew in the axial direction. The brushes are arranged so that they can move in the axial direction relative to the rotor while contacting the brush with the commutator, and the movable range in the axial direction is approximately 0 degrees in electrical angle. It is characterized by a range of ± 90 degrees.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the frequency obtained by an alternating current power supply frequency can be output, The output and power factor are controlled by the relative rotation of the brush accompanying the axial movement of the skewed commutator and the brush. Since the power supply can be adjusted, it is possible not only to connect to the grid, but also to adjust the voltage in accordance with fluctuations in rotational driving force and fluctuations in output voltage or output characteristics, thus reducing and using generator equipment and facilities. The environment can be expanded. In addition, even if the rotational driving force is reversed, it is possible to easily cope with the rotation of the brush. In addition, when the power outage of the system causes the output end of the generator to be short-circuited, no generator current is generated because no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input. As a result, there is no danger of short-circuit current being generated from the generator, and the stress on the generator is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a simplified configuration diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of rotating a brush of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an induced electromotive force due to rotation in Embodiment 1; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an induced electromotive force due to a transformer action according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the principle of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the function of the brush position of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a simplified structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention FIG. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention, FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram of the brush position of 0 ° in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram showing an operation state in the conventional example corresponding to FIG. 9, and FIG. 11 is a system waveform diagram in the operation state in FIG. FIG. 12 is a waveform diagram at a brush position of 90 degrees according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a system waveform diagram in the operation state in FIG. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a phase adjustment circuit for a field current according to an example of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a specific configuration diagram for rotating the field according to the present invention. FIG. FIG. 17 is a simplified configuration diagram of an example of Embodiment 3 of the present invention, FIG. 17 is a simplified configuration diagram of another example of Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 19 is a front view, a back view, and a development view showing the skew of the commutator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a simplified structural diagram of Embodiment 4. FIG. 21 is a development view showing a connection relationship among a rectifier, a rotor winding, and a field pole according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. FIG. 22 is a front view including a brush axial moving mechanism according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 23 is a rotation view according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 24 is a front view including an axial movement mechanism of a child, FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of induced electromotive force due to rotation in Embodiment 4 of the present invention, and FIG. 25 is an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram of the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer of FIG. 4. FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 27 is a diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of a brush position according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating a brush position according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 30 is a simplified configuration diagram of Embodiment 5, FIG. 30 is an equivalent circuit diagram of Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and FIG. 31 is a brush axis direction moving position 0 ° of Embodiment 5 of the present invention. FIG. 32 is a waveform diagram showing an operation state in the conventional example corresponding to FIG. 31, and FIG. 33 is an operation state in FIG. 32. FIG. 34 is a waveform diagram at a brush position of 90 degrees according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 35 is a system waveform diagram in an operation state in FIG. 34. FIG. 36 is a waveform diagram, FIG. 36 is a circuit diagram of a phase adjustment circuit for a field current according to an example of the present invention, and FIG. 37 is a simplified configuration diagram of an example of a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 38 is a simplified configuration diagram of another example of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 39 is a simplified front view of the mechanical axial moving mechanism of the present invention. Figure 0 shows the implementation FIG. 41 is a simplified configuration diagram of a commutator power generator according to Embodiment 7, FIG. 41 is an explanatory diagram showing a positional relationship between a commutator and a brush of Embodiment 7 of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 43 is an explanatory diagram of the induced electromotive force of the present invention. FIG. 43 is a specific explanatory diagram of Embodiment 7 of the present invention. FIG. 44 is a state explanatory diagram of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of Embodiment 7 of the present invention. FIG. 46 is a waveform diagram of a brush position of 0 ° in Embodiment 7 of the present invention. 6 is a waveform diagram showing an operation state in the conventional example corresponding to FIG. 6, FIG. 48 is a system waveform diagram in the operation state in FIG. 47, and FIG. Fig. 50 is a waveform diagram at a brush position of 90 degrees in Embodiment 7; Fig. 50 is a system waveform diagram in the operating state in Fig. 49; Fig. 51 is an embodiment of the present invention; 8 of FIG. 52 is a positional relationship diagram of a commutator and a brush. FIG. 52 is a front view, a back view, and a development view showing a skew according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Fig. 54] Fig. 54 is a developed view showing a connection relationship between a commutator, a rotor winding, and a field pole according to mode 8, and Fig. 54 is a simplified front view of a mechanical axial movement mechanism of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a commutator power generator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiment 1

FIG. 1 shows a simplified configuration diagram of Embodiment 1 of the commutator power generator of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the AC commutator generator is disassembled and shown in an easy-to-understand manner, with respect to a stator 203 having a field winding 202 around which a field winding 201 is wound. A rotor 206 having a rotor core 205 on which a rotor winding 204 is wound is rotatably arranged. The rotor 206 is provided with a commutator 206 and a rotor is provided. It is connected to winding 204.

That is, the field winding 201 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a single-phase commercial AC power supply (not shown), and the field winding 201 on which the field winding 201 is wound is connected. The ends of the two yokes 222 form two field poles, each having a pole piece 222. In this case, the field pole can be not only two poles but also a multiple of two poles, and the field winding 201 is connected to a three-phase AC power supply, and the field pole is three poles or a multiple of three. The number of poles can also be configured. It should be noted that the shape of the field winding 202 in FIG. 1 is not an actual shape, and for convenience of explanation, the field winding forming the end of the yoke 221 of the field winding 202 is shown in FIG. The poles are shaped to match the rotor 206, and the yoke 222 is simply illustrated as a structure in which the field poles are connected and the field winding 201 is wound.

On the other hand, the rotor 206 is formed of a type coil in which the coil side 24 1 is inserted into a slot formed so as to be equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the outer periphery and formed linearly in the axial direction. The winding ends of the rotor windings 204 each having a shape coil are connected to commutator pieces 271 constituting a rectifier 210. A pair of brushes 208 is arranged so as to have a desired contact resistance value with a corresponding commutator piece 271 of the commutator 207. Are arranged rotatably along the circumferential direction of the commutator while contacting the commutator. The brush 208 is connected to a single-phase AC output terminal in FIG.

Further, in the structure shown in FIG. 1, in the first embodiment, the brush 208 is capable of rotating (moving) in the circumferential direction of the commutator 207 while making contact with the rectifier 207. It has become. In other words, Fig. 1 has a so-called AC commutator unit structure as a generator. However, the brushes 208 keep the positional relationship between the brushes forming a pair, and maintain the desired contact resistance with the commutator piece 271, while maintaining the desired contact resistance. It is configured to be rotatable in a circumferential direction (hereinafter, simply referred to as a circumferential direction) 7. This state is maintained whether the rotor 206 and thus the commutator 207 are stationary or rotating.

Therefore, as a specific structure, as an example, as shown in FIG. 2, a ring-shaped brush holder 81 is arranged with a gap around the commutator 207 so as to penetrate the commutator 207. A gear 28 formed integrally with the brush holder 81 is provided around the ring-shaped brush holder 81, and a gear 28 3 meshing with the gear 28 2 is attached to an actuator 28 such as a motor. At 4, there is a driving structure. In this case, the gear 2 8 2 is not required to be integral with the brush holder 8 1, as long as it can be connected to the brush holder 8 1 so that the brush holder 8 1 can be rotated, and the gear 2 8 3 meshes with the gear 2 8 2. For example, a gear that can be driven even by a small driving force of the actuator 284 is preferable, and if it is desired to increase the speed or increase the displacement amount with respect to the driving of the actuator 284, If you want to increase the operating force more than the actuator 284, you can replace it with a reduction gear. Further, the actuator 284 may be configured to be electrically controllable by the controller 285 as described later, and the actuator 284 or the gear 283 may be manually adjustable. Yeah. In many cases, maintenance work is often performed by manual adjustment.

In this way, the brush 208 is rotated relative to the commutator 207 via the actuator 284 and the gears 283, 82 by the control signal from the controller 285. Or it can be manually rotated relative to the commutator 207.

Now, in an AC commutator generator in which such a brush 208 can rotate around the commutator 207, a single-phase AC power supply is connected based on the configuration shown in FIG. A field current is caused to flow through the field winding 2 0 1 by connecting to the magnetic winding 2 0 1. In this case, Due to the characteristics of the current commutator, a voltage having the same frequency as the field current and the same phase as the field current or the same phase as the field voltage can be induced between the brushes 208. Due to the characteristics of the AC commutator machine, when voltage is induced, rotation occurs when a voltage having the same frequency as this field current, the same phase as the field current, or the same phase as the field voltage appears between the brushes 208. As a result, the induced electromotive force, that is, the induced electromotive force caused by the rotor winding 204 cutting the main magnetic flux generated by the field pole is generated. Occurs in the same phase. Fig. 3 illustrates the state of generation of induced electromotive force due to rotation in phase with the field current, and Fig. 4 illustrates the state of generation of induced electromotive force due to the action of a transformer in phase with the field voltage.

In other words, in FIG. 3, a rightward magnetic flux F is rotated in the n-direction (clockwise) to the right half rotor winding 204 of the rotor 206 so as to be directed toward the drawing. Electric power is generated, and an induced electromotive force is generated in the left half rotor winding 204 of the rotor 206 toward the back side of the drawing. Therefore, in Fig. 3, when the brush 208 is placed at the aa 'position, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation of each coil side 241 is superimposed between the brushes 208 to generate a voltage, and the brush 208 is placed at the bb' position. At this time, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation of each coil side 241 cancels out, and no voltage is generated between the brushes 208.

On the other hand, in FIG. 4, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action on the rotor winding 204 generated by the field current flowing through the field winding 201 is the same as the rotor voltage in phase with the field voltage. The lower half of the rotor winding 204 has an induced electromotive force toward the drawing side, and the upper half of the rotor 206 has an induced electromotive force toward the back side of the drawing. Is produced. Therefore, in Fig. 4, when the brush 208 is placed at the bb 'position, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action of each of the coil sides 24 1 is superimposed between the brushes 208, and a voltage is generated. When placed in position, the electromotive force of each coil side 241 cancels out and no voltage is generated between the brushes 208.

In this way, depending on the position of the brush 208, the induced electromotive force due to rotation and the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action are generated between the brushes 208, and the brush axis is perpendicular to the main magnetic flux axis (Fig. 3). aa 'position; 90 degree position) In the state where only the induced electromotive force appears between the brushes 208 and the brush axis is parallel to the main magnetic flux axis (the bb 'position in Fig. 4; referred to as the 0-degree position), only the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer is brushed. Appear between 2 08.

At the brush position between the 90-degree position and the 0-degree position of the brush 208, the induced electromotive force due to rotation increases equivalently as it approaches 90 degrees, and the induced electromotive force is reduced by the field. The phase becomes the same as the current, and conversely, as it approaches 0 degrees, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action increases, and this induced electromotive force becomes in phase with the field voltage. At the brush position between 90 ° and 0 °, the magnitude of the induced electromotive force due to rotation is equivalently given assuming that the angle between the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis is a. It is considered to be a function of F sina, and the magnitude of the induced electromotive force by the transformer action is equivalently a function of F cosa. Therefore, for example, when the brush position shifts from 90 degrees to 0 degrees (a changes from p / 2 to 0), the induced electromotive force due to rotation shifts from the maximum value to the minimum value (0) along the sin waveform curve, The induced electromotive force due to the transformer action has the characteristic of shifting to the minimum (0) force maximum value along the cos waveform curve.

Here, with respect to a commutator power generation device having a structure in which the brush 208 rotates, a specific example of the 0-degree position and the 90-degree position of the brush 208 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 5, the left and right field poles of the field winding 202 are N and S. In the slot of the rotor core 205, there are provided coil sides 241 of four rotor windings 204 in a two-layer winding, and from the coil side 241 to the commutator side. The winding end 2 42 connected to this commutator piece 2 7 1 is drawn out, and the other side of the coil side 2 41 opposite to the commutator 2 07 is another coil side (in FIG. 5, the adjacent coil side). It is the connection part B of 1. Then, four commutator pieces 271 are arranged corresponding to the rotor windings 204. In FIG. 5, for simplicity, only the coil connection B on the side opposite to the commutator 207 is shown, and the coil connection on the commutator side is omitted.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which a rotational driving force is generated in the clockwise direction (n direction) to rotate the rotor 206. In Fig. 5 (a), the direction of the magnetic flux of the field (from N to S) This shows a state where the brush axis of the brush 208 corresponding to the corresponding magnetic flux axis is at the 90-degree position, that is, at a right angle position. In FIG. 3, the magnetic flux axis and the brush axis are at the 90-degree position at aa ', whereas in FIG. 5 (a), the magnetic flux axis and the brush axis aa' are at the 0-degree position (the same In the actual structure, the state of the brush axis aa 'shown in Fig. 5 (a) is equivalent to the 90-degree position as shown in Fig. 3. In FIG. 5, for the sake of explanation, the coil sides 2 41 of the four rotor windings 204 are provided 90 degrees apart from each other in the circumferential direction, and the coil sides 2 41 that are in contact with each other are connected to each other. This is because each coil side 2 41 and the commutator piece 2 71 are associated with the same position, but two coil sides having a large number of form coils and constituting the form coil are provided. In a commonly known winding structure in which a plurality of coil sides of another winding coil are arranged so as to jump over the coil edge and the winding end is located at the center of the winding coil, the structure shown in FIG. 3 is obtained. The same applies to the relationship between the 0-degree position of bb 'in FIG. 4 and the brush axis bb' in FIG. 5 (b) at the 90-degree position in the drawing. The brush axis bb in Fig. (B) is equivalent to the 0-degree position. For this reason, in the description of FIG. 5, the state of FIG. 5A will be described as a 90-degree position, and the state of FIG. 5B will be described as a 0-degree position.

In FIG. 5, the direction of the magnetic flux, the brush position, the rotation direction of the rotor, and the direction of the induced electromotive force due to the rotation generated on each coil side 241 are illustrated. That is, when the brush position aa ′ in FIG. 5 (a) is at the 90-degree position, the rotor windings 204 shown in FIG. 5 cut the magnetic flux to the left and right of the N and S magnetic poles, and the rotation induces the rotation. An electromotive force appears between the brushes 208. On the other hand, when the brush position bb 'in FIG. 5 (b) is at the 0 degree position, the rotor windings 204 shown on the left and right in the vicinity of the N and S magnetic poles cut off the magnetic flux. In the upper and lower rotor windings 204 connected to the commutator piece 271, which is in contact with the rotor, the induced electromotive force due to this rotation is applied in a direction to cancel out. Therefore, no induced electromotive force is generated between the brushes 208 by rotation.

Fig. 5 focuses on the induced electromotive force due to rotation, but when focusing on the induced electromotive force due to the action of a transformer in phase with the field voltage, Fig. 5 (a) At the 0-degree position, the induced electromotive force that prevents the change in magnetic flux is applied to the upper and lower rotor windings and wire 204. Even if it occurs, it is offset by the illustrated left and right rotor windings 204 that are in contact with the brush 208, and no induced electromotive force appears in the brush 208 due to the action of the transformer. Conversely, at the 0 degree position, the induced electromotive force due to the operation of the transformer appears at the brush 208 connected to the upper and lower rotor windings 204 in the figure.

Thus, the direction of the magnetic flux due to the current generated by the induced electromotive force generated by the rotation of the rotor winding 204 or the transformer action with respect to the main magnetic flux generated by the field winding 201, ie, 0 degrees The simplified brush positions and the 90-degree brush positions are as shown in Fig. 6 (a) and (b). As shown in Fig. 6 (a), at the 0-degree position, the relationship between the primary and secondary transformers is equivalent, and the transformer action is determined by the number of rotor windings regardless of whether the rotor 206 is stationary or rotating. In Fig. 6 (b), the induced electromotive force is generated due to the rotation in proportion to the rotation speed of the rotor 206 by cutting off the field magnetic flux at the 90-degree position. In this way, the electromotive force generated by the rotation position of the brush 208 changes from a value in phase with the field voltage to a value related to the rotation speed in phase with the field current. .

As a result, returning to FIG. 1, when a field current is applied to the field winding 201, an induced voltage having the same frequency as the field current appears between the brushes 208 connected to the AC output terminal, and FIG. As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 6 (b), when the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis are at 90 degrees, only induced electromotive force is generated by rotation in the same phase as the field current. As shown in FIGS. 5 (b) and 6 (a), when the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis are at 0 degrees, only induced electromotive force is generated by the action of a transformer having the same phase as the field voltage.

In addition, at the brush position between the 90-degree position and the 0-degree position, as described above, as the brush position approaches the 90-degree position, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action cancels out, and the induced electromotive force due to rotation as described above. Appears, and as the angle approaches 0 degrees, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation cancels out and the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action appears. In FIG. 5, four rotor windings 204 and four commutator pieces 271 are illustrated with two magnetic poles. The rotor winding 204 and the commutator pieces 2 7 When a large number of 1 are provided, for example, when the brush 208 position is gradually rotated from the 90-degree position to the 0-degree position, the rotor 2 is set at the brush position at the 90-degree position. The induced voltage generated according to the number of rotations of the rotor gradually decreases, and the transformer works at the brush position at the 0-degree position according to the number of windings of the rotor regardless of the rotation speed of the rotor. Only the induced electromotive force is used.

Therefore, when the brush is moved from the 90-degree position to the 0-degree position, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation generated between the brushes 208 is gradually canceled out, so that the effective rotor winding 204 that cuts off the magnetic flux. As the voltage gradually decreases, the induced electromotive force due to rotation gradually decreases, and the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer is settled. In addition, when the brush moves from the 0-degree position to the 90-degree position, the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer is gradually offset and reduced, while the rotor winding 204 that cuts off the magnetic flux gradually increases. As a result, the induced electromotive force due to rotation increases. In this case, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation increases in proportion to the rotation speed corresponding to the rotational driving force from the prime mover, but the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action depends on the number of windings of the rotor. Then, the more the number of rotor windings, the greater the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action, and the greater the number of rotor windings that can cut the magnetic flux per unit area even at the same speed. The induced electromotive force also increases. From another perspective, the induced electromotive force due to rotation varies widely from high voltage to low voltage according to the rotation speed because it depends on the rotation speed. Since it depends on the number of child windings, a high voltage can be induced at a large number of windings, resulting in a wide range of electromotive force change between the 90-degree position and the 0-degree position. The voltage change remains small as it is.

In addition, in FIG. 5 (a), when the rotor 206 now rotates at a constant speed due to the rotational driving force, the polarity of the pole piece changes periodically due to the AC field. An electromotive force that periodically changes occurs between the brushes 208. In this case, an electromotive force corresponding to the field frequency appears between the brushes 208 regardless of the rotation speed of the rotor 206. Will be. That is, the electromotive force frequency of the rotor winding 204, that is, the voltage frequency between the brushes 208, is determined by the field frequency regardless of the rotation speed of the rotor 206, and the voltage of the rotor 206 The rotation speed is proportional to the speed at which the rotor winding 204 cuts off the magnetic flux, so it is related to the magnitude of the induced electromotive force due to rotation. If the pressure is low speed, a low voltage will result.

In addition, in the state of FIG. 5 (b), the induced electromotive force due to the transformer difference action corresponding to the field frequency appears between the brushes 208 regardless of the rotation of the rotor 206. In addition, as described above, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action depends on the number of rotor windings regardless of the rotational speed of the rotor 206.

In this manner, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), when the brush axis is at 90 ° with respect to the magnetic flux axis, the brush current is in phase with the field current between the brushes 208 according to the rotational speed of the rotational driving force. As shown in Fig. 5 (b), when the brush axis is at 0 degree with respect to the magnetic flux axis, the rotational driving force of the same phase as the field voltage is applied between the brushes 208, as shown in Fig. 5 (b). An electromotive force of a magnitude corresponding to the number of rotor windings is generated regardless of the number of rotations, and from the 90-degree brush position shown in FIG. 5 (a) to the 0-degree brush position shown in FIG. 5 (b). As the electromotive force between the brushes 208 becomes smaller, the magnitude of the electromotive force depends on the number of rotations, and reaches a value corresponding to the number of windings of the rotor.

Therefore, even if there is no rotational driving force, a predetermined induced electromotive force is generated by the action of the transformer, and as the rotational driving force increases, the induced electromotive force due to rotation increases. At this time, as the rotational driving force increases, the same phase with respect to the field voltage gradually shifts toward the same phase with respect to the field current. In order to make the phase the same as the field current even when the influence of the electric power is large, a variable phase shifter or the like may be provided at the AC output terminal connected to the brush 208 according to the rotation speed.

As a result, the rated voltage was determined and the rotational driving force was predicted, and the magnitude of the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action and the magnitude of the induced electromotive force due to the rotation caused by the magnetic flux cutting off the coil side 241 were each Determine the number of rotor windings involved, determine the resistance value according to the material and thickness of the rotor windings 204 associated with the rated current, and further determine the induced electromotive force due to rotation and the induced electromotive force due to transformer action. The number of rotor windings may be adjusted or a phase shifter may be installed so that the phase adjustment can be performed easily and accurately at the voltage ratio described above.

An output voltage of the same frequency as the field current can be obtained, and For each electric machine, determine the number of rotor windings, resistance value, etc. described above, or install a phase shifter to create a table of the number of rotations of the rotational driving force and the brush rotation position. By performing the output control including the brush position of the controller 285 or the phase shifter by using the controller 285, it is possible to obtain the power generation output whose voltage and phase are controlled at the same frequency as the field current. That is, the rotation speed of the brush 208 is controlled by the controller 285 shown in FIG. 2 by detecting the rotation speed of the rotor 206 or the output voltage associated with the rotation speed.

At the same time, the variable phase shifter can be controlled by the controller 285. In this case, by setting the rated voltage to 70 to 80 degrees at the brush position, it is possible to generate power with a margin. Furthermore, if excessive rotational driving force is input, the brush position can be set to 0 degrees or near 0 degrees to prevent overvoltage and overcurrent. In addition, even if a voltage change occurs due to a sudden change in the system load, this change can be input to the controller 285 so that rapid control can be performed for the sudden change in load, and the brush position can be set to 0 degrees or 0 degrees. The impact on the generator can be mitigated by setting it near the temperature.

Although the variable transfer unit depends on the phase of the system load due to its characteristics, it is only necessary to install a phase advancer for loads that are likely to be delayed.However, this generator is large and is similar to a transmission line. When connecting to the leading phase system, it may be possible to install a retarder. The degree of the phase advance or the phase delay can be adjusted by controlling the variable phase shifter by the controller 285.

In this way, if a generator is installed and even a small amount of rotational driving force is present, the same frequency and the same phase can be generated by brush position control by the controller 285 and control of the phase shifter. It is very convenient even when connecting to In addition, damage to the generator can be avoided by controlling the brush position when the rotational driving force is excessive.

Embodiment 2

The explanation so far is based on the commercial AC power supply that supplies the field current and the The case where the AC output terminal connected to the brush 208 is a separate system, that is, separately excited, has been described. Next, an example of a shunt AC commutator generator will be described. As shown in FIG. 7, the generator of this split AC commutator machine has the same configuration as the simplified configuration shown in FIG. The AC output terminal connected to the brush is the same, and the field winding 201 and the rotor winding 204 are connected in parallel to the system. This is particularly useful for system interconnection. In addition, it has an equivalent circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 shows an equivalent circuit of a split generator in which a field winding 201 and a rotor winding 204 are connected in parallel to a commercial AC power supply. In this case, in this equivalent circuit, a capacitor 219 is inserted to compensate for a delay of the field current due to the inductance of the field winding 201 with respect to the system voltage. The capacitance of the capacitor 219 is determined by taking a value that causes a series resonance with the inductance of the field winding 201, so that even if the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced and the number of windings is reduced, the capacitance of the capacitor 219 is reduced. It is preferable that a high voltage appears at 9 and a 90-degree advance current appears due to the capacitor 219 so that a large field current can be obtained even at a low power supply voltage.

Even in this shunt AC commutator generator, the induced electromotive force having the same frequency as the field current is generated between the brushes 208 by the power generation, similarly to the generator shown in FIG. At the rotation position of the brush 208 where the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis in FIG. 3 correspond to the 90-degree position, an induced electromotive force is generated by rotation in the same phase as the field current, and the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis in FIG. In the 0 degree position, induced electromotive force is generated by the transformer action having the same phase with respect to the field voltage as in the first embodiment.

However, in this shunt circuit, the generator terminal voltage and the field circuit terminal voltage are the same potential, and the difference is that the generated current flows into the field circuit in addition to the system. In order to obtain the characteristics of this shunt circuit, the rotor current, system output current, and field current were measured at measurement points C1, C2, and C3 in FIG. 8, and were measured at measurement point V1. The system voltage was measured. The symbols C1, C2, C3 and VI indicate measurement points in FIG. 8, but in some cases also indicate a current port and a voltmeter, and furthermore, a current waveform and It is also used to illustrate voltage waveforms. FIG. 9 shows the rotor current C 1 and the system current C 2 when the system voltage V 1 is applied without rotating the rotor 206 of the generator with the brush position set to the 0-degree position. In FIG. 9, an induced electromotive force is generated in the rotor winding 204 by the above-described transformer action due to the field current flowing through the field winding 201. As can be seen from FIG. 9, the rotor current C 1 lags the system voltage V 1 by about 90 degrees. In addition, a very small amount of the system current C2, which is almost in phase with the system voltage V1, flows. As can be seen from this waveform, the rotor current C1 of the generator and the system current have a phase difference of 90 degrees, and reactive power is supplied to the rotor 206, so there is no power consumption and the system current C 2 is very small and there is almost no power loss in the grid.

On the other hand, assuming a conventional AC commutator generator, the brush position is set to 90 degrees and the rotor current C 1 and the field when the system voltage V 1 is applied without rotating the generator rotor 206 are rotated. The relationship with the current C3 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, since the brush position is at the 90-degree position, the magnetic circuit as shown in FIG. 6 (b) is in a high magnetoresistance state, and the field current C3 increases due to magnetic energy accumulation. The phase of the rotor current C 1 advances and the peak value increases. As shown in FIG. 10, the power consumption by the system voltage VI and the rotor current C1 increases, and the waveforms of the system current C2 and the system voltage V1 shown in FIG. Thus, the circuit only consumes power, and the power loss is extremely large. From this point, in comparison with the generator with a fixed 90-degree position in the AC commutator unit equivalent to that in Fig. 10, which can be considered as a conventional example, in Fig. 9, the brush position is set without rotating the rotor 206. It turns out that the power loss is extremely small by setting it to the 0 degree position.

Referring back to FIG. 9, when the rotor 206 is rotated to the maximum number of revolutions with the brush position at the 0-degree position, the waveform state in FIG. 9 does not change. This indicates that when the brush position is at the 0 degree position, the induced electromotive force due to rotation does not act, and the characteristics based on the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer remain irrespective of the rotation speed. In other words, even if the rotational driving force is excessive and the conventional AC commutator generator is applied with an excessive voltage and an excessive current flows, the generator according to the present embodiment uses a brush. Setting the position to the 0 degree position state means that there is no risk of excessive voltage or excessive current. This also makes it possible to suppress the generated voltage or current to the rated value by adjusting the angle of the brush position according to the driving force in a state where a certain rotational driving force is input.

Fig. 12 shows the relationship between the rotor current C1 and the field current C3 when the brush position is 90 degrees and the rotor 206 of the generator is rotated at a predetermined speed to apply the system voltage V1. Is shown. In the state shown in FIG. 12, the rotor current C 1 becomes a large current having the opposite phase with respect to the system voltage V 1, indicating that power is supplied to the outside as a generated current. As can be seen from a comparison between FIG. 9 where the brush position is at the 0-degree position and FIG. 12 where the brush position is at the 90-degree position, even if the system voltage V C1 was a small current value delayed by 90 degrees from the system voltage V1, but in FIG. 12 it becomes a large current in the opposite phase. At this time, the field current C 3 also has a large peak value to some extent, but this is due to the fact that the magnetic resistance is small as can be seen from the field current C 3 when there is no rotation at the brush position 0 ° shown in FIG. This is because the field current increases and the generated current, which is the rotor current C1, flows into the field circuit. As a result, as shown in FIG. 13, a system current C2 having a phase opposite to that of the system voltage V1 flows into the system, and power is generated.

Then, the state of the rotor current C 1 in FIG. 9 changes from the state of the rotor current C 1 in FIG. 9 to the state of the rotor current C 1 in FIG. 12 by the rotation of the brush position and the rotation of the rotor by the rotational driving force. The phase changes based on the phase of the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action that changes with movement, and the peak value changes based on the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action and the induced electromotive force due to rotation. In this case, when the rotational position is changed in a plurality of steps and the brush position is changed from the 0-degree position to the vicinity of 90 or 120 degrees for each step, it is possible to obtain a suitable power generation output and a suitable power generation output. The phase state can be found, and points that can generate high-efficiency power can be identified. Therefore, the generation voltage, output, efficiency, sudden change of the system load, etc. can be prepared as parameters only by preparing a table of the brush position with respect to the rotation speed, which is the external rotation driving force. This makes it possible to set the brush position at which the optimum operation is performed for a certain rotational driving force with high accuracy. By providing this table in the controller 285 shown in FIG. 2 and controlling the actuator 284, it is possible to generate electric power with optimum output and optimum efficiency.

Note that the relationship between the rotation of the brush position and the rotation speed due to the rotational driving force, in short, the output characteristics when the rotation speed at each brush position is changed or the output characteristics when the brush position at each rotation speed is changed Is changed by adjusting the magnitude of the induced electromotive force by the action of the transformer, adjusting the phase, adjusting the output current or the field current, and more specifically, the resistance value of the rotor winding 数 the number of windings, or the field circuit. It is estimated that the value will vary depending on the capacity of the capacitor inserted in the circuit and the resistance of the resistor inserted in the field circuit to suppress the field current. You can get

In this way, with the generator installed and connected to the grid, if there is any rotational driving force, the table controls the brush position control and phase adjustment by the controller 285 according to the individual case. By doing so, it is possible to generate power at the same frequency and the same phase, which is very convenient in grid connection. In addition, damage to the generator can be avoided by controlling the circumferential position of the brush when the rotational driving force is excessive.

In the experiment, it is possible to generate power even when the brush position is 90 degrees or more.Therefore, when creating the tape, not only within the range of the rotation position from 0 degrees to 90 degrees, but also beyond the rotation position of 90 degrees. A table may be created to control the brush position with respect to the number of rotations.

The explanations after Fig. 7 refer to the shunt generator.However, in preparing the above-mentioned preferred table, the details shown in Fig. 1 and so-called separately-excited generators will be explained. The same can be said.

Furthermore, for the rotation of the brush position with respect to the number of rotations, a table can be created based on the system load state such as the voltage drop due to the magnitude of the power consumption based on the load and the capacity or inductive characteristics of the system. it can. Here, in FIG. 8, the capacitor 219 is inserted to compensate for the current delay due to the field winding. Instead of this capacitor 219, the circuit shown in FIG. Then, a field current having the same phase as that of the system voltage may be caused to flow. That is, as shown in Fig. 14, the primary side of the transformer 291 is connected in parallel with the rotor winding 204 connected to the grid, and the secondary side of the transformer 219 is connected to the AGC. (Automatic gain control) It has a configuration in which it is connected to one input of the power amplifier 2 193 via the circuit 2 19 2, and the output of the power amplifier 2 193 is connected to the field winding 201. . Then, the field winding 201 is grounded via the resistor 214, but at the same time, the field winding 201 is connected to the other input of the power amplifier 211. . And other inputs are negative feedback inputs. The control input of the AGC circuit 219 is a secondary output of the current transformer 219 connected in series with the rotor winding 204.

In the circuit shown in FIG. 14, the system voltage appearing at the transformer 291 becomes one input of the power amplifier 213, and the in-phase field current flows from the power amplifier 213 by negative feedback. Therefore, regardless of the magnitude of the inductance of the field winding 201, the system voltage and the field current have the same phase. In addition, by detecting the current of the rotor winding 204 and inputting the current to the AGC circuit 219, the output voltage of the transformer 291 is controlled in accordance with the rotor current, and the field electric field is controlled. The flow rate is controlled. As a result, in the circuit of FIG. 14, a field current whose phase is controlled is obtained instead of the capacitor 219 of FIG. In addition, an AGC circuit (not shown) is inserted on the primary side of the transformer 291 to adjust the output voltage, and when the voltage is low, control is performed to increase the voltage gain and increase the excitation. Good.

In the above description, the invention has been described in which the brush is rotated in the circumferential direction of the commutator with respect to the stator, but the present invention is based on the rotation of the brush axis with respect to the magnetic flux axis of the stator. Considering that the brush axis relatively moves with respect to the magnetic flux axis, the magnetic flux axis may move with respect to the brush axis. In other words, the field winding 202 is rotated while the brush position is fixed. A similar effect can be obtained even when the configuration is used.

Fig. 15 (a) and (b) show the structure in which the brush position is fixed and the stator core is rotated. This is an example of the structure. In FIG. 15, reference numeral 201 denotes a field winding which is a stator winding, 202 denotes a stator core, 21 denotes a yoke for magnetically coupling the field winding 202, and 204 denotes a rotor winding. Reference numeral 205 denotes a rotor core, reference numeral 206 denotes a rotor, reference numeral 207 denotes a commutator, reference numeral 208 denotes a brush, and reference numeral 271 denotes a commutator piece. Here, the shaft 2101 supports a rotor 206 composed of a rotor core 205 and a rotor winding 204 and also supports a commutator 207, which can rotate integrally with the shaft 2101. Has become. On the other hand, the brush holder 281 is supported by a bracket 2100 that supports only the brush 208, and the bracket 2100 is fixed to the ground. On the other hand, the field winding 202 and the field winding 201 are fixed to a yoke 22 1 (the whole including the bracket is a yoke 2 102 here), and this yoke 2 102 is bisected in the axial direction. The two yoke 2 102 are connected so as to straddle the bracket 2100 supporting the brush 208. Each of the yokes 210 and the bracket 2100 is provided with bearings 103, 104, and 105 to support the shaft 101. Further, on the outer surface of the yoke 2 102 that supports the field winding 202, teeth 2 107 that mesh with the gears 2 106 a and 2 106 b are formed along the circumferential direction. , 210b are rotatably fixed to the ground. The gears 210a and 210b are respectively connected to an actuator 284, and the actuator 284 is connected to and connected to one controller 285.

In such a configuration, the yoke 2 102 formed with the teeth 2 107 via the gears 2 106 a and 2 106 b fixed to the ground pulls the field winding 202 and the field winding 202. 201 is rotatably supported, and the rotor 206 and the commutator 207 are rotatably supported on the yoke 2 102 via the bearings 104 and 105 and the shaft 210. The bracket 2100 fixed to the ground supports the brush holder 281 and the brush 208, and also supports the shaft 2101 via the bearing 103. Therefore, while the brush position is fixed, the field winding 202 and the field winding 201 are circumferentially moved by the gears 210a and 210b. It is pivotable. For this reason, by driving the actuator 284 with a control signal from the controller 285, the yoke 210 is pulled, and thus the field pole, which is the stator, is rotated along the circumferential direction of the rotor 206. Can be moved.

Embodiment 3.

FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are simplified configuration diagrams of a commutator power generation device according to Embodiment 3. In FIGS. 16 and 17, field voltage control is performed to compensate for fluctuations in the AC output voltage from the rotor. In the third embodiment, as described in the first embodiment, if the brush is relatively rotated with respect to the commutator, the operation and effect as described above can be obtained. The third embodiment mainly focuses on adding a circuit for compensating the fluctuation of the AC output voltage. In the third embodiment, the field voltage control for compensating the fluctuation of the AC output voltage is possible even when the brush does not rotate relative to the commutator shown in the first and second embodiments. is there.

In FIG. 16, the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. That is, 1 is a field winding, 2 is a stator core, 3 is a stator, 4 is a rotor winding, 5 is a rotor core, 6 is a rotor, 7 is a commutator, and 8 is a brush. In the configuration shown in FIG. 15, a bridge rectifier circuit 209 is provided at the AC output terminal from the brush 208, and the rectified output voltage of the bridge rectifier circuit 209 is equal to that of the comparator 210. One input is provided, and the other input of the comparator 210 receives a DC reference voltage.

The result of the comparison by the comparator 210 is input to the excitation (field) AC power supply 11, and the excitation (field) voltage is adjusted. In other words, in the voltage regulation by the excitation AC power supply 211, when the AC output voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the excitation (field) current is increased to increase the AC output voltage. To reduce the AC output voltage. To adjust the excitation current, the excitation voltage is adjusted by the excitation AC power supply 211. By controlling the excitation voltage by comparing the AC output voltage with the reference voltage in this manner, the constant output voltage can be automatically adjusted. In FIG. 16, reference numeral 12 denotes a smoothing capacitor. In this case, from the excitation AC power supply 2 1 1 As described in the first and second embodiments, an AC output current having the same waveform as the output excitation voltage is obtained.

FIG. 17 is a modification of FIG. In FIG. 16, the rectified voltage by the bridge rectifier circuit 209 is compared with a DC reference voltage. In FIG. 17, the AC output voltage itself is compared with a reference AC voltage. Here, the AC output voltage may be directly input as one input of the comparator 210 as shown by a solid line. The detection value by the CT 212 may be input as shown by a dotted line. In this case, the CT 2 13 detects the voltage fluctuation due to the AC current.If the AC current is large, the AC output voltage is reduced in proportion to the fluctuation due to the current. For this purpose, the excitation voltage is increased and the AC output voltage is raised. The comparison output from the comparator 210 obtains an excitation voltage output via an AC power amplifier or a PWM inverter 214 to perform field current control. In the third embodiment, since the output voltage is adjusted by feedback to the field, the device becomes simple and inexpensive without having to finely control the rotational driving force and the like even if there is a load change. In addition, when the system is connected to the grid, a constant output is obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force. When the power generator shown in Fig. 17 is used as a constant current source, the detected current of CT213 and the reference current (not shown) are compared by comparator 210 to increase the detected current. By lowering the excitation voltage and lowering the output at, a constant current source can be used, which is useful, for example, as a welding power source.

As is clear from the description of the first, second, and third embodiments, in the present invention, a so-called separately-excited AC commutator generator is described in the first embodiment, and the same AC current as the field current is applied to the AC output terminal. In the second embodiment, a shunt AC commutator generator is described in the second embodiment, and an output voltage having the same phase at the same frequency as the field current is generated at the AC output terminal. Embodiment 3 shows an example in which the output voltage can be adjusted and an output voltage having the same phase and the same phase as the field current is generated at the AC output terminal. This means that it is extremely easy to connect to the system when viewing the system from the generator. As a result, the generators of Embodiments 1, 2, and 3 can be matched with the system with a simple configuration. It is extremely excellent as a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) that can take power. In this way, this power plant has the same frequency, phase, and voltage as the UPS as a kind of UPS.

In the description of the second embodiment, the case where the brush is rotated to fix the stator core or the case where the brush is fixed and the stator core is rotated has been described. The brushes and the rotator may be configured so that the brush and the rotator can be moved in the circumferential direction with respect to each other in the first, second, and third embodiments. Is also possible. In this case, the table of the controller for moving the brush or the table of the controller for moving the rotor must also be provided with a relative table corresponding to the mutual circumferential movement.

Embodiment 4.

FIG. 18 shows a simplified configuration diagram of Embodiment 4 of the commutator power generator of the present invention. In FIG. 18, the AC commutator generator is exploded and shown in an easy-to-understand manner, and is compared with the stator 300 having the field winding 302 around which the field winding 301 is wound. A rotor 300 having a rotor core 304 on which a rotor winding 304 is wound is rotatably arranged, and a commutator piece 3 71 is axially mounted on the rotor 303. (In other words, each commutator piece is provided with a skew (twist) in the axial direction) and is connected to the rotor winding 304.

That is, the field winding 301 shown in FIG. 18 is connected to a single-phase commercial AC power supply (not shown), and the field winding 3 01 on which the field winding 301 is wound. The ends of the yoke 3 2 1 of 0 2 constitute two field poles with pole pieces 3 2 2 respectively. In this case, the field pole can be not only two poles but also a multiple of two.The field winding 301 is connected to a three-phase AC power source, and the field pole is three poles or a multiple of three. The number of poles can also be configured. Note that the shape of the field winding 302 in FIG. 18 is not a shape that conforms to the actual shape, but for convenience of explanation, the field pole forming the end of the yoke 3 21 of the field winding 302 Has a shape conforming to the rotor 303, and the yoke 321 is simply illustrated as a structure in which the field poles are connected and the field winding 301 is wound. On the other hand, the rotor 360 is formed of a type coil in which the coil side 341 is inserted into a slot formed so as to be equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the outer periphery and formed linearly in the axial direction. A winding end of a rotor winding 304 having a wire 304 and formed of each type of winding coil is connected to a commutator piece 371 constituting a rectifier 300. Here, the commutator pieces 371 are formed in a shape having a skew in the axial direction in a state where they are arranged in a cylindrical shape. Further, a pair of brushes 308 are arranged so as to have a desired contact resistance value with the corresponding commutator pieces 371 of the commutator 307, and the brushes 308 are also provided. Is arranged so as to be movable along the axial direction of the commutator 307 while being in contact with the commutator 307. This brush 308 is connected to the single-phase AC output terminal in FIG.

When the commutator piece 307 has a skew on the commutator piece 307, the degree of skew (skew angle) is determined by moving the brush 308 along the axial direction on the commutator 307. When this is done, the skew angle is set so that the brush 308 moves over several adjacent commutator pieces 371. FIGS. 19 (a) and (b) illustrate the state of this skew angle. The surface and the surface of four commutator pieces 371 arranged in a cylindrical shape of the commutator 307 are shown in FIGS. It is a back view and a development view. In FIG. 19, there is a skew obliquely rising to the right, and four commutator pieces 371, A, B, C, and D, are illustrated. The arrows in FIG. As shown in the figure, the brushes 308 are configured to be able to move on the three commutator pieces 371 in order by axial movement of the brushes from the left end to the right end of the commutator 307.

FIG. 20 is a developed view showing the connection between the N and S two-pole field poles, the rotor winding 304 composed of 16 form-wound coils, and the skewed commutator piece 3 71. FIG. Here, the number of field poles, the number of coils, and the skew angle are examples. In FIG. 20, about eight coil sides 3 4 1 (16 inclusive of one slot and two-layer winding) are arranged corresponding to one field pole, and these eight (two-layer winding) A rotor winding 304 having 16 coil sides 341 is connected to eight commutator pieces 371. Here, as the skew angle, four commutator pieces 3 7 1 are obtained by the axial movement of the brush 3 08. It comes into contact with you. The transfer on the four commutator pieces 3 71 by the brush 3 08 is a phenomenon in which the voltage of one cycle period is excited when the coil turns once between the two field poles. Considering that the position variation for one rotation corresponds to 16 coil sides 3 4 1, and thus 16 commutator pieces 3 7 1, four commutator pieces The movement of 371 will result in a 90 degree shift in electrical angle. Although the meaning of the 90-degree variation will be described later, the connection between the commutator piece 371 and the winding coil forming the rotor winding 304 connected to the commutator piece 371 by the axial movement of the brush 3108 is sequentially performed. The electrical angle changes corresponding to this change.

Next, the axial moving mechanism of the brush 3 • 8 will be described. In FIGS. 18, 19 (b) and 20, in the fourth embodiment, the brush 308 is in contact with the commutator 307 in the axial direction of the commutator 307. It has a movable structure. In other words, FIG. 18 has a so-called AC commutator generator structure as a generator, but the brushes 308 maintain the positional relationship between the brushes forming a pair, and are arranged in a regular manner. In other words, while maintaining a desired contact resistance value with the flow element piece 371, in other words, the adjacent rectifier pieces are bridged by a brush so that the axial direction of the commutator 307 (hereinafter simply referred to as the axial direction). ). This contact movement state is maintained regardless of whether the rotor 303 and the commutator 307 are stopped or rotating. Therefore, as a specific structure, as an example, as shown in FIG. 21, a ring-shaped brush holder 38 1 having a space around the commutator 307 so as to penetrate the commutator 307. And attach the ball screw nut 3 8 2 integrated with the brush holder 3 8 1 to the outside of this ring-shaped brush holder 3 8 1, and attach the ball screw bolt 8 3 to move this nut 3 8 2 For example, there is a structure driven by an actuator 384 such as a motor. ,

In this case, two nuts 3 82 are attached to the brush holder 3 81 in pairs, so that the brush holder 3 81 can be easily moved. Examples of ball screws composed of 8 3 include actuators 3 8 4 It can be driven even with a small driving force. Furthermore, if it is desired to increase the speed and displacement of the actuator 384, replace it with a gearbox. Also good ,. Further, the actuator 384 is configured to be electrically controllable by a controller 385 as described later, and the actuator 384 or Bonoleto 383 is configured to be manually adjustable. I'm sorry. In many cases, the work during maintenance and inspection is often manual adjustment.

In this manner, the brush 308 is axially moved relative to the commutator 307 via the actuator 384 and the ball screw by the control signal from the controller 385, or It can be moved in the axial direction relative to the commutator 307 manually.

FIG. 22 is a simplified configuration diagram mainly showing a brush holder moving mechanism, together with a windmill 390, a rotor 306 and a commutator 307. FIG. In FIG. 22, when the wind turbine 39 0 is driven, the rotor 30 6 is rotated via the speed increaser 3 91, and the brush 30 held by the brush holder 38 1 8 outputs the generated power. Here, as the axial moving mechanism of the brush 308, in FIG. 22 (a), a nut 382 of a ball screw shown in FIG. The brush holder 381 is moved in the axial direction by rotating the bolt 383 attached to the actuator 3384. In this case, if the reference position of the brush holder 381 is determined and the axial movement amount of the nut 382 per rotation of the bolt 383 is known, the brush can be positioned with high accuracy. In FIG. 22 (b), a nail 396 is connected to the brush holder 381, one end of which is fixed via a spring 87 and the other end is connected by an actuator. The structure is such that the brush holder 381, which is connected to the pawl 3966, is reciprocated to the left and right by moving it left and right with the driving rod 3886. In this case, the spring 87 is a spring for determining the reference position, and the actuator 384 compresses or expands the spring 87 against the no-load state of the spring 87. The description of FIG. 22 shows an example in which the brush holder 381 is moved in the axial direction, but the axial movement of the brush 308 and the commutator 307 is relative. Therefore, the brush holder 380 1 may be fixed and the commutator 307 may be moved. FIG. 23 shows a structure in which the commutator 307 and the rotor 306 are moved in the axial direction. In Fig. 23 (a), a bearing 88 is attached to the end of the shaft 389 opposite to the windmill 3900 and the gearbox 391 with the rotor 303 as the center. A ball screw nut 3 8 2 is attached to the bearing 8 8. The shaft 389 is axially moved by the rotation of the ball screw bolt 383 connected to the actuator 384, and as a result, the commutator 307 and the rotor 306 are fixed. The brush holder is moved in the axial direction with respect to the brush holder. In Fig. 23 (b), the gear 393 is connected to the gearbox 391, and this gear 3993 is engaged with the gear 3994 attached to the shaft 389. While rotating the shaft, a bearing 95 is attached to the end of the shaft 389 on the motor side, and a driving rod 386 that reciprocates in the axial direction is connected via the bearing 95. The structure for moving the rotor 306 and commutator 307 in the axial direction is different from that in Fig. 22.The position of the moving mechanism such as the actuator 384 can be freely selected on the prime mover side or on the opposite side. can do. Now, even in the case of an AC commutator generator having a commutator 300 having a commutator piece 371, which has a skew in the axial direction, a conventionally known straight commutator piece having no skew is used. As in the case of the AC commutator generator having commutators arranged in a shape, a single-phase AC power source is connected to the field winding 31 1 based on the configuration of FIG. Field current flows through the In this case, a voltage having the same frequency as the field current and the same phase as the field current or the same phase as the field voltage may be induced between the brushes 308 due to the characteristics of the AC commutator. Due to the characteristics of the AC commutator machine, when voltage is induced between the brushes 308, the induction by rotation occurs when a voltage having the same frequency as this field current and the same phase as the field current or the same phase as the field voltage appears When the rotor winding 304 cuts off the electromotive force, that is, the main magnetic flux generated by the field pole, an induced electromotive force is generated in the same phase as the field current. For the main magnetic flux PC orchid 12425

49

A voltage having the same phase as the field voltage is generated with a phase difference of 90 degrees.

Here, the condition of the induced electromotive force with respect to the brush position will be described with reference to FIGS. 24 and 25, assuming the structure of a commutator in which conventional linear commutator pieces without skew are arranged in a cylindrical shape. I do. FIG. 24 illustrates a state of generation of an induced electromotive force due to rotation in phase with the field current, and FIG. 25 illustrates a state of generation of an induced electromotive force due to the action of a transformer having the same phase as the field voltage.

That is, in FIG. 24, the right half rotor winding 304 in the right half of the rotor 303 is rotated in the n direction (clockwise) with respect to the magnetic flux F in the right direction. An induced electromotive force is generated, and an induced electromotive force is generated in the left half rotor winding 304 of the rotor 303 toward the back side of the drawing. Therefore, in FIG. 24, when the brush 308 is placed at the position aa ′, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation of each coil side 341 is superimposed between the brushes 308 to generate a voltage, and the bb ′ position In this case, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation of each coil side 341 cancels out, and no voltage is generated between the brushes 308.

On the other hand, in FIG. 25, the induced electromotive force caused by the transformer action on the rotor winding 304 caused by the field current flowing through the field winding 301 is the same as the rotation of the field voltage. An induced electromotive force is generated in the lower half of the rotor coil 304 toward the near side of the drawing, and the upper half of the rotor 303 has an induced electromotive force in the lower side of the drawing. An induced electromotive force is generated. Therefore, in FIG. 25, when the brush 308 is placed at the bb 'position, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action of each coil side 341 is superimposed between the brushes 308, and a voltage is generated. When placed in the aa 'position, the electromotive force of each coil side 341 cancels out and no voltage is generated between the brushes 308.

In this way, depending on the position of the brush 308, the induced electromotive force due to rotation and the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action are generated between the brushes 308, and the brush axis is perpendicular to the main magnetic flux axis (Fig. 24). Aa 'position; 90 ° position), only the induced electromotive force due to rotation appears between the brushes 308, and the brush axis is parallel to the main magnetic flux axis (the bb' position in Fig. 25; 0 degree) In this case, only the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action appears between the brushes 308. Then, at the brush position between the 90-degree position and the 0-degree position of the brush 308, the induced electromotive force due to rotation increases equivalently as it approaches 90 degrees, and the induced electromotive force is reduced by the field. The phase becomes in-phase with the current, and conversely, as it approaches 0 degrees, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action increases, and this induced electromotive force becomes in phase with the field voltage. At the brush position between 90 degrees and 0 degrees, the magnitude of the induced electromotive force due to rotation is equivalently defined assuming that the angle formed by the brush axis with respect to the magnetic flux axis is a. This is a function of F sina, and the magnitude of the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action is considered to be equivalent to the function of F cosa. Therefore, for example, when the brush position shifts from 90 degrees to 0 degrees (a changes from p / 2 to 0), the induced electromotive force due to rotation shifts from the maximum ^ ί to the minimum value (0) along the sin waveform curve. In addition, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action has the characteristic of shifting from the minimum value (0) to the maximum value along the cos waveform curve.

In FIGS. 24 and 25 described above, for an AC commutator machine having a commutator in which straight commutator pieces having no skew are arranged in a cylindrical shape, a brush 308 is arranged around the commutator. The description of the induced electromotive force due to rotation and the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer depending on the state of the brush position at 90 degrees or 0 degrees by rotating the shaft. When this phenomenon is replaced by an AC commutator machine having a commutator in which a commutator piece having a skew in the axial direction is arranged in a cylindrical shape, the rotation of this brush position in Figs. Considering the movement of the electrical angle of the rotor winding, the commutator in which the skewed commutator pieces are arranged in a cylindrical shape, the electrical angle of the rotor coil, which is the type coil, is shifted. Means that the brushes move sequentially in the axial direction on the commutator pieces, and as a result, the connection of the brushes to the coil turns in order. This is, in other words, the first

Corresponding to the skewed commutator pieces shown in FIGS. 8 to 23, there is no other way than to move the brushes 308 in the axial direction and to move over the commutator pieces 371 in order. Conversely speaking, the brush 3108 is connected to the rotor winding 304 which is an adjacent type coil by the axial movement of the brush 310 on the commutator piece with skew in the axial direction. The transition is based on the axial direction of the movement start and end of the brush 3 08 When considering the positional relationship, if the brush is replaced with a straight commutator piece without skew, the brush is rotated from the specified start position to the end position along the circumferential direction of the commutator, and the brush is wound on the rotor winding. It is equivalent to connecting and transferring one after another.

Here, for convenience of explanation, the commutator generator in the case where the brush 308 is equivalently rotated by a commutator composed of straight commutator pieces without skew will be described. A specific example of the position and the 90-degree position will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 26, the left and right field poles of the field winding 302 are N and S. In the slot of the rotor core 3 05, there are provided two coiled sides 3 41 of the rotor winding 304 with two layers, and from the coil side 3 41 to the commutator side. The winding end 3 4 2 connected to this commutator piece 3 7 1 is drawn out, and the other side of the coil side 3 4 1 opposite to the commutator 3 07 is another coil side (adjacent in Fig. 26). (Coil side) 4 1 This is the coil connection part B. Four commutator pieces 371 are arranged corresponding to the rotor windings 304. In FIG. 26, only the coil connection B on the side opposite to the commutator 307 is shown for simplicity, and the coil connection on the commutator side is omitted.

FIG. 26 shows a state where a rotational driving force is generated in the clockwise direction (n direction) to rotate the rotor 303. Fig. 26 (a) shows a state where the brush axis of the brush 310 corresponding to the magnetic flux axis in the direction of the magnetic flux (N to S) of the field is at 90 degrees, that is, at a right angle. ing. In FIG. 24, the magnetic flux axis and the brush axis are at the 90-degree position at aa ′, whereas in FIG. 26 (a), the magnetic flux axis and the brush axis aa ′ are at the 0-degree position in the drawing. (Same direction), but the actual structure of the brush axis aa 'shown in Fig. 26 (a) is equivalent to the 90-degree position as shown in Fig. 24. This is because, in FIG. 26, for convenience of explanation, the coil sides 3 41 of the four rotor windings 304 are provided 90 degrees apart in the circumferential direction and the coil sides 3 41 connected to each other are connected. In addition, this is because each coil side 341 and the commutator piece 371 are associated with the same position. FIG. 24 shows a generally known winding structure in which a plurality of coil sides of the winding coil are arranged so that the winding ends are located at the center of the winding coil. This is shown in Figure 25 The same applies to the relationship between the 0-degree position of bb 'in Fig. 26 and the brush axis bb' in Fig. 26 (b) at the 90-degree position in the drawing. Brush axis bb 'is equivalent to 0 degree position. For this reason, in the description of FIG. 26, the state of FIG. 26 (a) will be described as a 90-degree position, and the state of FIG. 26 (b) will be described as a 0-degree position.

In FIG. 26, the direction of the magnetic flux, the brush position, the rotation direction of the rotor, and the direction of the induced electromotive force due to the rotation generated on each coil side 341 are illustrated. That is, when the brush position aa 'in FIG. 26 (a) is at the 90-degree position, the illustrated rotor windings 304 cut off the magnetic flux on the left and right of the N and S magnetic poles, and the rotation induces the rotation. An electromotive force appears between the brushes 108. On the other hand, when the brush position bb 'in FIG. 26 (b) is at the 0-degree position, the rotor windings 304 shown on the left and right in the vicinity of the N and S magnetic poles cut off the magnetic flux. In the upper and lower rotor windings 304 connected to the commutator piece 371, which is in contact with 08, the induced electromotive force due to this rotation is applied in the canceling direction. For this reason, no induced electromotive force is generated between the brushes 308 due to rotation.

FIG. 26 is a diagram focusing on the induced electromotive force due to rotation. When focusing on the induced electromotive force due to the action of a transformer having the same phase with respect to the field voltage, FIG. 26 (a) At the 90-degree position, even if induced electromotive force that hinders the change in magnetic flux is generated in the upper and lower rotor windings 304, it is canceled by the left and right rotor windings 304 that come into contact with the brush 310. As a result, no induced electromotive force appears due to the transformer action on the brush 310, and at the 0-degree position in FIG. 26 (b), the brush connected to the upper and lower rotor windings 304 is reversed. The induced electromotive force due to the transformer action appears at.

Thus, the direction of the magnetic flux caused by the current generated by the induced electromotive force due to the rotation of the rotor winding 304 or the transformer action with respect to the main magnetic flux due to the field winding 301, ie, 0 degrees The simplified brush positions and the 90-degree brush positions are as shown in Fig. 27 (a) and (b). As shown in Fig. 27 (a), at the 0-degree position, the relationship between the primary and secondary transformers is equivalent and the transformer is determined by the number of rotor windings regardless of whether the rotor is stationary or rotating. Only the induced electromotive force due to the action Generates an induced electromotive force due to the rotation of a magnitude proportional to the number of rotations of the rotor 310 by cutting the field magnetic flux at the 90-degree position. In this way, the electromotive force generated by the rotation position of the brush 208 changes from a value in phase with the field voltage to a value related to the rotation speed in phase with the field current. .

As a result, returning to FIG. 18 and returning to the description of the AC commutator generator having a commutator composed of commutator pieces with skew, when a field current is applied to the field winding 301, An induced voltage having the same frequency as the field current appears between the brushes 30 connected to the AC output terminal, and the moving position of the brush position in FIGS. 28 (a) and (b) is determined by the rotor winding 304. Assuming that the electrical angle is 0 to 90 degrees, for example, at the leftmost brush position shown in FIG. 28 (a), FIGS. 24, 26 (a) and 27 The brush axis and the magnetic flux axis equivalent to (b) are located at 90 degrees, and only induced electromotive force is generated by rotation in the same phase as the field current. For example, as shown in Fig. 28 (b) At the rightmost brush position, the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis equivalent to those in Figs. 25, 26 (b), and 27 (a) are at 0 degrees, and are in phase with the field voltage. Resulting in only induced electromotive force by the voltage divider action. Further, at the brush position between the 90-degree position and the 0-degree position between the left and right ends of FIGS. 28 (a) and (b), the brush position is at the 90-degree position at the left end as described above. As the position approaches, the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer cancels out, and the induced electromotive force due to the rotation appears. Appears. In FIG. 26, four rotor windings 304 and four commutator pieces 371 are illustrated with two magnetic poles. The rotor winding 304 and the commutator pieces are illustrated. When a large number of 371 are provided, for example, when the brush 308 position is gradually rotated from the 90-degree position to the 0-degree position, the rotor 30 is positioned at the brush position at the 90-degree position. The induced voltage generated according to the number of rotations of the rotor 6 gradually decreases, and the transformer operates at the brush position at the 0-degree position according to the number of windings of the rotor regardless of the rotation speed of the rotor 36. Only the induced electromotive force. This is exactly the same when there are a large number of rotor windings 4 connected to the commutator 307 having the skew shown in FIG. Therefore, when the brush is moved from the 90-degree position to the 0-degree position, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation generated between the brushes 308 is gradually canceled out, so that the effective rotor winding 304 that cuts off the magnetic flux. As the voltage gradually decreases, the induced electromotive force due to rotation gradually decreases, and the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer is settled. In addition, when the brush moves from the 0-degree position to the 90-degree position, the induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer is gradually offset and reduced, while the rotor winding 304 that cuts off the magnetic flux gradually increases. As a result, the induced electromotive force due to rotation increases. In this case, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation increases in proportion to the rotation speed corresponding to the rotational driving force from the prime mover, but the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action depends on the number of windings of the rotor. The more the number of rotor windings, the greater the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action, and the greater the number of rotor windings that can generate magnetic flux per unit area even at the same speed. The induced electromotive force also increases.

From another point of view, the induced electromotive force due to rotation varies widely from high voltage to low voltage according to the rotation speed because it depends on the rotation speed, whereas the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action is Since it depends on the number of turns, a high voltage is induced with a large number of turns, which can cause a wide range of electromotive force changes between the 90-degree position and the 0-degree position, but with a small number of turns, the voltage remains low. At, the voltage change remains small.

Referring to Fig. 26, the case where the brush rotates in the circumferential direction on a straight commutator piece without skew will be described. In Fig. 26 (a), the rotor 30 In the state where 6 is rotating at a constant speed due to the rotational driving force, an electromotive force that periodically changes between the brushes 3 08 is generated in accordance with the periodic change in the polarity of the pole piece due to the AC field. However, in this case, an electromotive force corresponding to the field frequency appears between the brushes 308 irrespective of the rotation speed of the rotor 310. That is, the electromotive force frequency of the rotor winding 304, that is, the voltage frequency between the brushes 308, is determined by the field frequency regardless of the rotation speed of the rotor 306. Since the speed at which 4 cuts off the magnetic flux is proportional to the number of rotations of the rotor 310, the voltage is related to the magnitude of the induced electromotive force due to rotation. It becomes.

In the state shown in Fig. 26 (b), the induced electromotive force due to the transformer differential action corresponding to the field frequency appears between the brushes 308 regardless of the rotation of the rotor 306. Become. Moreover, as described above, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action depends on the number of windings of the rotor irrespective of the rotation speed of the rotor 303.

In this manner, as shown in FIG. 26 (a), when the brush axis is at 90 ° with respect to the magnetic flux axis, the rotation speed of the rotational driving force is in-phase between the brushes 308 and in phase with the field current. An electromotive force of an appropriate magnitude is generated, and as shown in Fig. 26 (b), when the brush axis is at a position of 0 degree with respect to the magnetic flux axis, the brush is driven to rotate between the brushes 108 in the same phase as the field voltage. An electromotive force of a magnitude corresponding to the number of rotor windings is generated regardless of the number of rotations of the force, and the magnitude of the electromotive force varies from 90 degrees shown in Fig. 26 (a) to 0 degrees shown in Fig. 26 (b). As the brush position becomes closer, the electromotive force between the brushes 308 decreases from a value dependent on the number of rotations to a value corresponding to the number of rotor windings.

Therefore, even when the number of rotor windings is small, by using the structure shown in FIG. 26, a predetermined induced electromotive force is generated by the action of the transformer even if there is no rotational driving force, and as the rotational driving force increases, The induced electromotive force due to rotation increases. At this time, the phase with respect to the field voltage gradually shifts toward the same phase with respect to the field current as the rotational driving power rises, but the effect of the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action is large because the rotation speed is small. Even in such a case, if the phase is to be made the same as the field current, a variable phase shifter or the like may be provided at the AC output terminal connected to the brush 308 according to the rotational speed, or the AC output terminal may be separately provided. When a transformer is provided, the phase is shifted by 180 degrees with respect to the field current, so that the phase may be varied according to the rotational speed by a variable phase shifter based on this phase. The description in FIG. 26 is exactly the same even in the case of an AC commutator generator having a commutator composed of commutator pieces with skew.

As a result, the rated voltage is determined, the rotational driving force is predicted, and the magnitude of the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action is induced. Determine the number of rotor windings related to each magnitude of force, determine the resistance value according to the material and thickness of the rotor windings 304 associated with the rated current, and furthermore, the induced electromotive force and the transformation The number of windings of the rotor may be adjusted or a phase shifter may be installed so that the phase can be easily and accurately adjusted based on the voltage ratio with the induced electromotive force due to the exciter action.

Then, an output voltage having the same frequency as the field current can be obtained, and for the generator of the AC commutator machine, the number of windings of the rotor, the resistance value, and the like are determined, or the phase shifter is installed, so that the rotation speed can be increased. By creating a table of the rotational speed of the driving force and the axial position of the brush, and performing output control including the brush position of the controller 385 or the phase shifter using this table, the same frequency as the field current can be obtained. Voltage and phase-controlled power generation output can be obtained. That is, the rotational speed of the rotor 303 or the output voltage associated with the rotational speed is detected, and the axial position of the brush 308 is controlled by the controller 385 shown in FIG.

At the same time, the controller 385 can also control the variable phase shifter. In this case, by setting the rated voltage to 70 to 80 degrees at the brush position, it is possible to generate power with a margin. Furthermore, when excessive rotational driving force is input, the brush position can be set to 0 ° or near 0 ° (referred to as a reference position) to prevent overvoltage and overcurrent. In addition, even if a voltage change occurs due to a sudden change in the system load, this change can be input to the controller 385 to quickly control the sudden change in the load, and the brush position can be set at this reference position. By setting it to a certain 0 degree or near 0 degree, the impact on the generator can be reduced.

Although the variable transfer unit depends on the phase of the system load due to its characteristics, it is only necessary to install a phase advancer for loads that are likely to be delayed.However, this generator is large and is similar to a transmission line. When connecting to the leading phase system, it may be possible to install a retarder. The degree of the phase advance or the phase delay can be adjusted by controlling the variable phase shifter by the controller 385.

In this way, the generator is installed, and if there is any rotational driving force, the same frequency and the same frequency are controlled by the brush position control by the controller 385 and the control of the phase shifter. One-phase power generation is possible, which is extremely convenient even when connected to the grid. In addition, damage to the generator can be avoided by controlling the brush position when the rotational driving force is excessive.

Embodiment 5

In the description so far, the case where the commercial AC power supply for supplying the field current and the AC output terminal connected to the brush 308 are separate excitations, as shown in FIG. 18, has been described. Next, an example of an AC commutator generator with a split winding will be described. This shunt AC commutator machine has a commutator consisting of skewed commutator pieces as shown in Fig. 29. Similarly, in Fig. 18, the terminal of the commercial AC power supply of the field winding 301 is the same as the AC output terminal connected to the brush, and the field winding 310 is connected to the system. And a rotor winding 304 connected in parallel. This is particularly useful for system interconnection and has an equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 30. FIG. 30 shows an equivalent circuit of a shunt generator in which a field winding 301 and a rotor winding 304 are connected in parallel to a commercial AC power supply. In this case, in this equivalent circuit, a capacitor 319 is inserted to compensate for the delay of the field current due to the inductance of the field winding 310 with respect to the system voltage. Note that the capacitance of the capacitor 319 takes a value that causes a series resonance with the inductance of the field winding 310, so that even if the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced and the number of windings is reduced, the capacitance of the capacitor 319 is reduced. It is preferable that a high voltage appears and a leading current of 90 degrees appears due to the capacitor 319 so that a large field current can be obtained even at a low power supply voltage.

Even in this shunt AC commutator generator, the generation of an induced electromotive force at the same frequency as the field current is generated between the brushes 308, as in the generator shown in Fig. 18. At the axial position of the brush 310 where the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis of FIG. In the same manner as in the fourth embodiment, an induced electromotive force is generated by the action of a transformer having the same phase with respect to the field voltage at the axial position of the brush 308 where the axis and the magnetic flux axis are at 0 degrees. However, this shunt circuit is different in that the generator terminal voltage and the field circuit terminal voltage are at the same potential, and the generated current flows into the field circuit in addition to the system. In order to obtain the characteristics of this shunt circuit, the rotor current, system output current and field current were measured at measurement points C1, C2 and C3 in Fig. 30 and the system voltage was measured at measurement point V1. Was measured. The signs of C1, C2, C3 and V1 indicate the measuring points in FIG. 30 and, in some cases, also indicate the current probe and the voltmeter, and further indicate the current waveform. And voltage waveforms.

Fig. 31 shows the relationship between the rotor current C1 and the system current C2 when the brush position is set to the reference position of 0 degree and the system voltage V1 is applied without rotating the generator rotor 36. Is shown. In FIG. 31, an induced electromotive force is generated in the rotor winding 304 by the above-mentioned transformer action due to the field current flowing through the field winding 301. As can be seen from FIG. 31, the rotor current C1 is delayed by about 90 degrees with respect to the system voltage VI (in fact, the rotor voltage is delayed by 90 degrees with respect to the field current with respect to the system voltage. However, since the field circuit has a capacitor 3 19, the field current is almost in phase with the system voltage or is slightly advanced due to the effect of this capacitor 3 19). Very little system current C2, which is almost in phase with V1, flows. As can be seen from this waveform, there is no power consumption because the rotor current C1 of the generator and the system current have a phase difference of 90 degrees and supply reactive power to the rotor 303. There is very little power loss in the grid.

On the other hand, assuming a conventional AC commutator generator, the brush position is set at 90 degrees and the rotor current C 1 and the field when the system voltage V 1 is applied without rotating the generator rotor 36 Fig. 32 shows the relationship with the current C3. In FIG. 32, since the brush position is at the 90-degree position, the magnetic circuit as shown in FIG. 27 (b) is in a high magnetoresistance state, and the field current C3 increases due to the accumulation of magnetic energy. The phase of the rotor current C 1 advances, and the peak value increases. Then, as shown in Fig. 32, the power consumption by the system voltage VI and the rotor current C1 increases, and it is clear from the waveforms of the system current C2 and the system voltage V1 shown in Fig. 33. It becomes a circuit that only consumes power like this Is very large. In this regard, compared to the generator with a fixed 90-degree position in an AC rectifier that is equivalent to that in Fig. 32, which is considered as a conventional example, in Fig. 31, the brush is set in a state where the rotor 303 is not rotated. It turns out that the power loss is extremely small by setting the position to the 0 degree position.

Returning to Fig. 31, when the rotor is rotated to the maximum number of revolutions with the brush position at the 0 degree position, the waveform state in Fig. 31 does not change. This indicates that at the brush position of 0 degrees, the induced electromotive force due to rotation does not act, and the characteristics remain based on the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action regardless of the rotation speed. In other words, even if the rotational driving force is excessive and the conventional AC commutator generator is applied with an excessive voltage and an excessive current flows, if the brush position is set to the 0-degree position state in the generator of the present embodiment, it will be excessive. It means that there is no risk of voltage or excessive current. This also makes it possible to suppress the generated voltage or current to the rated value by adjusting the angle of the brush position according to the driving force in a state where a certain rotational driving force is input.

Fig. 34 shows the relationship between the rotor current C1 and the field current C3 when the brush position is set at 90 degrees and the generator rotor 300 is rotated at a predetermined speed to apply the system voltage V1. Show and review. In the state shown in FIG. 34, it is shown that the rotor current C 1 becomes a large current having an opposite phase to the system voltage V 1 and is supplied to the outside as a generated current. Then, as can be seen from a comparison between FIG. 31 where the brush position is at the 0-degree position and FIG. 34 where the brush position is at the 90-degree position, even if the system voltage VI is the same, the rotor in FIG. The current C 1, which was a small current value delayed by 90 degrees from the system voltage V 1, is a large current having a negative phase in FIG. 34. At this time, the force at which the field current C 3 also has a somewhat large peak value.This is due to the fact that the magnetic resistance is low, as can be seen from the field current C 3 when there is no rotation at the brush position 0 ° shown in FIG. This is because the field current increases and the generated current, which is the rotor current C1, flows into the field circuit. As a result, as shown in FIG. 35, a system current C2 having a phase opposite to that of the system voltage V1 flows into the system, and power is generated. The state of the rotor current C 1 in FIG. 31 changes from the state of the rotor current C 1 in FIG. 31 to the state of the rotor current C 1 in FIG. 34 by the axial movement of the brush position and the rotation of the rotor by the rotational driving force. The phase changes based on the phase of the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action, which changes with the axial movement of, and the peak value changes based on the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action and the induced electromotive force due to rotation. In this case, if the brush position is changed from a 0 degree position to an axial position of about 90 or 120 degrees at each step while changing the rotational driving force in a plurality of steps, a suitable power generation output is obtained. As a result, a suitable phase state can be found, and a point that results in high-efficiency power generation can be determined. Therefore, by preparing a table of the axial position of the brush with respect to the number of revolutions, which is the rotational driving force from the outside, the generated voltage, output, efficiency, sudden changes in the system load, etc. are prepared as parameters. By doing so, it is possible to set the brush axial position at which the optimum driving is performed for a certain rotational driving force with high accuracy. By providing this table in the controller 385 shown in FIG. 21 and controlling the actuator 384, it becomes possible to generate electric power with optimum output and optimum efficiency.

The relationship between the axial position of the brush and the number of rotations due to the rotational driving force, in short, the output characteristics when the number of rotations at each brush position is changed or when the brush position at each number of rotations is changed The output characteristics are changed by adjusting the magnitude of the induced electromotive force by the action of the transformer, adjusting the phase, adjusting the output current or the field current, and specifically, the resistance value of the rotor winding ゃ the number of windings, or the field. It is assumed that the resistance varies depending on the capacity of the capacitor inserted in the magnetic circuit and the resistance value of the resistor inserted in the field circuit for suppressing the field current. You can get a table.

In this way, with the generator installed and connected to the grid, if there is any rotational driving force, the table can control the axial position of the brush by the controller 385 depending on the individual case. By adjusting the phase, it is possible to generate power at the same frequency and the same phase, which is very convenient in grid connection. In addition, by controlling the axial position of the brush, such as when the rotational driving force is excessive, damage to the generator can be avoided. You.

In the experiment, it is possible to generate power even in the axial position where the brush position is 90 degrees or more, so the table creation is not only within the range of the axial movement position from 0 degrees to 90 degrees but also 90 degrees. A table may be created beyond the axial movement position to control the brush position with respect to the number of rotations.

Although the explanations after Fig. 29 are for the shunt generator, the same applies to the so-called separately-excited generator shown in Fig. 18 for creating the above-mentioned suitable table. I can say that.

In addition, a table can be created for the axial position of the brush with respect to the number of rotations, based on system load conditions such as voltage drops due to the magnitude of power consumption based on the load, and the capacitive or inductive characteristics of the system. it can.

Here, in FIG. 30, the capacitor 319 was inserted to compensate for the current delay due to the field winding. Instead of this capacitor 319, the circuit shown in FIG. It may be configured so that a field current having the same phase flows with respect to the system voltage. That is, as shown in Fig. 36, the primary side of the transformer 291 is connected in parallel with the rotor winding 304 connected to the grid, and the secondary side of the transformer 219 It has a configuration in which it is connected to one input of a power amplifier 213 via a circuit 219, and the output of the power amplifier 213 is connected to a field winding 301. The field winding 310 is grounded via the resistor 314, but at the same time, the field winding 301 is connected to the other input of the power amplifier 319. . The other inputs are negative feedback inputs. The control input of the AGC circuit 3192 is a secondary output of the current transformer 3195 connected in series with the rotor winding 304.

In the circuit shown in FIG. 36, the system voltage appearing in the transformer 3191 becomes one input of the power amplifier 3193, and the in-phase field current flows from the power amplifier 3193 by negative feedback. Therefore, the system voltage and the field current have the same phase regardless of the magnitude of the inductance of the field winding 301. Also, by detecting the current of the rotor winding 304 and inputting it to the AGC circuit 3192, the output of the transformer 3191 corresponding to the rotor current is obtained. The voltage is controlled, and thus the amount of the field current is controlled. As a result, in the circuit of FIG. 36, a field current whose phase is controlled is obtained instead of the capacitor 319 of FIG. Also, an AGC circuit (not shown) is inserted on the primary side of the transformer 3191 to adjust the output voltage, and in the case of low voltage, control is performed to increase the voltage gain and increase the excitation. Is also good.

The above description has described the invention in which the brush is moved in the axial direction of the commutator with respect to the stator, but the present invention relates to a brush and a skew that rotate the brush axis with respect to the magnetic flux axis of the stator. Considering that the brush moves in the axial direction relative to the magnetic flux axis relative to the commutator having the brush, the axial position of the brush is fixed as shown in Fig. 23. A similar effect can be obtained by moving the magnetic winding 302 in the axial direction.

Embodiment 6

37 and 38 are simplified configuration diagrams of a commutator power generator according to Embodiment 6. FIG. In FIGS. 37 and 38, field voltage control is performed to compensate for fluctuations in the AC output voltage from the rotor. In the sixth embodiment, as described in the fourth embodiment, if the brush is moved in the axial direction with respect to the commutator having the skew in the axial direction, the operation and effect as described above can be obtained. The main feature of the sixth embodiment is to add a circuit for compensating the fluctuation of the AC output voltage.

37, the same parts as those in FIG. 18 are denoted by the same reference numerals. That is, 301 is a field winding, 300 is a stator core, 300 is a stator, 304 is a rotor winding, 300 is a rotor core, 300 is a rotor, Reference numeral 307 denotes a commutator having skew in the axial direction, and reference numeral 308 denotes a brush. In the configuration shown in FIG. 37, a bridge rectifier circuit 309 is provided at the AC output terminal from the brush 308, and the rectified output voltage of the bridge rectifier circuit 309 is equal to that of the comparator 310. The other input of the comparator 310 receives a DC reference voltage.

The result of the comparison by the comparator 310 is input to the excitation (field) AC power supply 11 and The magnetic (field) voltage is adjusted. That is, in the voltage regulation by the excitation AC power supply 311, when the AC output voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the excitation (field) current is increased to increase the AC output voltage, and conversely, when the AC output voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the excitation current is increased. To reduce the AC output voltage. To adjust the excitation current, the excitation voltage is adjusted by the excitation AC power supply 311. By controlling the excitation voltage by comparing the AC output voltage with the reference voltage in this manner, the constant output voltage can be automatically adjusted. In FIG. 37, reference numeral 12 denotes a smoothing capacitor. In this case, as described in the fourth and fifth embodiments, an AC output current having the same waveform as the excitation voltage output from excitation AC power supply 311 is obtained.

FIG. 38 is a modified example of FIG. In FIG. 37, the rectified voltage by the bridge rectifier circuit 309 is compared with a DC reference voltage. In FIG. 38, the AC output voltage itself is compared with a reference AC voltage. Here, an AC output voltage may be directly input as shown by a solid line as one input of the comparator 310. A detected value by the CT 313 may be input as shown by a dotted line. In this case, the CT 3 13 detects the voltage fluctuation due to the AC current.If the AC current is large, the AC output voltage decreases in proportion to the fluctuation due to the current. For this purpose, the excitation voltage is increased and the AC output voltage is raised. The comparison output from the comparator 310 obtains an excitation voltage output via an AC power amplifier or a PWM inverter 314 to control the field current. In the sixth embodiment, since the output voltage is adjusted by feedback to the field, the device is simple and inexpensive without having to finely control the rotational driving force and the like even if there is a load change. In addition, when the system is connected to the grid, a constant output is obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force. When the generator shown in Fig. 38 is used as a constant current source, the detected current of CT 313 and the reference current (not shown) are compared by comparator 310 to increase the detected current. By lowering the excitation voltage and lowering the output at, a constant current source can be used, which is useful, for example, as a welding power source.

As is clear from the description of Embodiments 4, 5, and 6, the present invention In the fourth embodiment, a so-called separately excited AC commutator generator is described, and an output voltage having the same frequency and the same phase as the field current is generated at the AC output terminal. The generator will be explained, and an output voltage of the same phase as the field current will be generated at the AC output terminal at the same frequency. Shows an example in which output voltages of the same phase are generated. This means that it is extremely easy to connect to the system when viewing the system from the generator. As a result, the power generators of Embodiments 4, 5, and 6 are extremely excellent as UPS (uninterruptible power supply) that can be matched with the system with a simple configuration. In this way, this power plant has the same frequency, phase, and voltage as the UPS as a kind of UPS.

22 and 23 can be applied to Embodiments 5 and 6. When the brush is moved in the axial direction and the rotor is fixed in the axial direction, the brush is fixed and the rotor is moved in the axial direction. Although the case where the brush and the rotor are moved has been described, the brushes and the rotor may be configured to be able to move in the axial direction with respect to each other in the fourth, fifth, and sixth embodiments. It is also possible. In this case, the table of the controller that moves the brush or the table of the controller that moves the rotor must also have a relative table corresponding to the mutual axial movement.

In the fourth embodiment (the same applies to the fifth and sixth embodiments), the axial movement of the brush 308 or the rotor 306 is controlled by a controller 385 having a table. Has been described. However, FIG. 39 shows a mechanism for controlling the relative axial position of the brush. Fig. 39 (a) shows the mechanism for moving the brush by fluid pressure. That is, for example, a spline joint 3100 that can transmit rotation and can move in the axial direction is connected to the windmill 3900, and a wind receiving plate 3101 is fixed to a spline joint 3100 receiver. I have. A link 3102 is connected to the wind receiving plate 3101, and the link 3102 is connected to a brush holder supporting the brush 3108. Also, the spline shaft that fits in the spline joint 3100 receiving shaft is integrated with the shaft of the rotor 300 that has the commutator 300. Be composed. Here, the rotation of the windmill 390 rotates the rotor 306 and the commutator 307 via the spline joint 310. In addition, the wind receiving plate 3101 receiving the wind pressure to the windmill 390 moves the link 3102 in the axial direction against the springs 3103, 3104 attached to the link 3102. Move the brush 308 in the axial direction. Thus, as the wind becomes stronger, the rotor 310 rotates at a higher speed, and the wind receiving plate 3101, the link 3102, and the brush 308 move in the axial direction. Therefore, when there is no wind due to the springs 310 and 310, the brush 308 at the reference position (the left end position in FIG. 39 (a)) moves to the right as the wind pressure increases. At this time, the commutator 307 has a skew. The shape of the skew is such that the commutator 307 is turned clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator 307 from one axial end to the other end. Then, it is formed into a shape that twists counterclockwise in the circumferential direction, for example, a mountain shape when viewed from the front. When the wind pressure reaches the 90-degree brush position from the 0-degree brush position, at a higher wind pressure, the brush position returns to the 0-degree brush position to eliminate the adverse effects of the strong wind.

FIG. 39 (b) shows a structure in which the rotor 303 is moved by wind pressure. That is, the rotor 310 is positioned by the spring 310 so that the brush 330 is located at the reference position with respect to the commutator 300, and the windmill and the rotor 303 are proportional to the wind pressure. The structure moves rightward in the figure against the spring 3105. In this case, a wind receiving plate shown in FIG. 39 (a) may be attached to the shaft of the wind turbine 390 so that the wind pressure can be easily obtained. With the structure shown in Fig. 39 and the shape of the skewing of the commutator, the brush position with respect to the commutator 307 is set as a reference position in the absence of wind, and the brush 30 It is possible to adopt a configuration in which 8 or the rotor 3 06 moves, and when the wind becomes even stronger, the brush moves to the 0 degree brush position. Embodiment 7

The commutator power generator according to Embodiment 7 has a configuration in which commutator pieces are arranged in the axial direction of the commutator and arranged in a cylindrical shape, and two brushes are arranged so as to face each other in the circumferential direction of the commutator so as to be rotatable. By rotating the brush in the circumferential direction of the commutator, an induced electromotive force due to rotation and an induced electromotive force due to the action of a transformer are obtained. The following is a description of Embodiment 7 Regarding the flow generator, (1) the configuration of the commutator generator of the seventh embodiment, (2) the relationship between the brush rotation and the induced electromotive force, and (3) the specific rotor core and the commutator The specific examples used, and (4) the effects of the seventh embodiment will be described in detail in the order given, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 40 is a simplified configuration diagram of a commutator power generator according to the seventh embodiment. The commutator generator according to the seventh embodiment includes a stator 400 having a field winding 402 wound with a field winding 401, and a rotation having the rotor winding 104 wound. A rotor 400 having an iron core 400 and a commutator piece 471, which is connected to a rotor winding 410 of the rotor 400, are arranged integrally with the rotor 400. For supplying an exciting current to the provided commutator 407, a pair of brushes 408 arranged rotatably in the circumferential direction of the commutator 407, and the field winding 401. AC power supply (not shown: the first AC power supply of the present invention) and UPS etc. AC power supply (the second AC power supply of the present invention) 1 2 and commercial AC power supply (not shown) or AC power supply such as UPS 4 1 Switching switch (first switch of the present invention) 10 for selectively supplying the exciting current from 2 to the field winding 401, and an interlocking switch that switches in conjunction with the switching switch 410 ( The second switch of the present invention 11), a capacitor 13 as a phase shift element disposed between the field winding 410 and the switching switch 410, and disposed between the interlocking switch 41 1 and the brush 408. And a switch 414 that opens when the rotational position of the brush 408 becomes 0 degrees, which will be described later, and a force.

The commutator power generator of the seventh embodiment is generally similar in structure to a so-called AC commutator machine, but the rotor 406 (and thus the commutator 407) is stopped. It is configured such that the pair of brushes 408 can rotate in the circumferential direction of the commutator 407 (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as circumferential direction) while maintaining the mutual positional relationship, regardless of whether it is rotating or not. The feature is that it is done.

Also, the capacitor 13 serves to make the field magnetic flux in phase with the power supply voltage of the AC power supply 4 12 such as a commercial AC power supply or an UPS when the power supply voltage is delayed by 90 degrees, in other words, It plays the role of making the output voltage phase of the commutator generator the same as the voltage phase of the AC power supply such as a commercial AC power supply or UPS. Further, the rotor 406 is connected to a prime mover such as a windmill or an engine, and the rotor winding 404 of the rotor 406 connected to the prime mover is a brush 410 via a commutator 407. 8 and an AC output terminal is provided between the pair of brushes 408. Therefore, the electromotive force generated in the rotor winding 404 by the field magnetic flux and the rotational driving force of the motor appears as an output voltage.

The brush 408 is connected to a regular output terminal (not shown), which is a UPS, and is also connected to a commercial AC power supply by switching between the switch 414 and the interlocking switch 411. In this case, the switching switch 410 and the interlocking switch 4 11 1 are switched in an interlocked manner, and when the switching switch 4 10 is connected to the commercial AC power supply, the interlocking switch 4 11 is turned on and the brush 4 0 8 is turned on. Is connected to a commercial AC power supply. As a result, the field winding 401 and the rotor winding 410 form a split winding. When the switching switch 410 is connected to an AC power supply 41 such as a UPS, the interlocking switch 411 is turned off.

When the switch 4 14 is closed and the switching switch 4 10 is connected to the commercial AC power supply and the interlocking switch 4 11 is on, the rotor winding 4 0 4 generates an electromotive force due to the transformer action due to a magnetic flux change caused by the commercial AC power generated in the field winding 401, and generates an electromotive force due to the rotation of the rotor 406 based on the rotational driving force of the motor. Electric power is generated. Therefore, these electromotive forces appear between the brushes 408, which are AC output terminals. In this case, the AC output frequency between the brushes 408 is caused by a change in the field magnetic flux of the field winding 410, and the same frequency as that of the commercial AC power supply appears. At this time, since the field current is advanced by the capacitor 4 13 to be in phase with the commercial AC power supply voltage, the output voltage phase appearing between the brushes 408 is in phase with the commercial AC power supply voltage. In other words, an output voltage synchronized with the commercial AC power generated between the brushes 408 is applied to the commercial AC power supply and the constant output terminal.

On the other hand, when the switch 411 is connected to the AC power supply 412, such as a UPS, the interlocking switch 411 is turned off to disconnect the brush 408 from the commercial AC power supply. In this state, a field magnetic flux is generated in the field winding 401 by the AC power supply 41 such as a UPS, and the brush 40 is generated by the change of the field magnetic flux and the rotation of the rotor 406 by the rotational driving force. An induced electromotive force appears between eight. Also in this case, the same output frequency as that of the AC power supply 4 1 2 such as UPS appears between the brushes 8, and the output voltage phase appearing between the brushes 4 8 by the capacitor 4 13 is the voltage phase of the AC power supply 4 1 2 such as UPS. Will be in phase. Here, since the interlocking switch 4 11 is off, an output voltage synchronized with the AC power supply 4 12 such as a UPS generated between the brushes 4 and 8 is applied to only the output terminal at all times. Next, the relationship between the rotation of the commutator 407 in the circumferential direction while the brush 408 is in contact with the commutator 407 and the induced electromotive force that can be extracted depending on the position of the brush will be described. .

FIG. 41 shows a commutator 407 in which the commutator pieces 471 arranged in the axial direction are arranged in a cylindrical shape, and the circumference of the commutator 407 while being in contact with the commutator 407. The state of the brush 408 rotating along the direction is shown. FIG. 41 (a) shows the state at the 90 ° brush shaft position, and FIG. 41 (b) shows the state at the 0 ° brush shaft position. FIG. 42 shows the difference in the induced electromotive force extracted from the brush 408 corresponding to the difference in the position of the brush shaft shown in FIG. Here, a case is shown where the field magnetic flux F passes through the field winding 402 on which the field winding 401 is wound, and the rotor 400 rotates in the n direction. Fig. 42 (a) illustrates the generation of induced electromotive force due to rotation in phase with the field current. Fig. 42 (b) shows the induced electromotive force due to the action of a transformer in phase with the field voltage. FIG.

First, with reference to FIGS. 41 (a) and 42), the induced electromotive force extracted from the brush 408 at the position of the brush shaft at 90 degrees will be described. As shown in the figure, by rotating the magnetic field flux F in the right direction in the n direction (clockwise direction in the figure), the rotor winding 404 in the right half of the rotor 406 is drawn. An induced electromotive force is generated toward the near side, and an induced electromotive force is generated in the left half rotor winding 404 of the rotor 406 toward the back side of the drawing. Therefore, in Fig. 42 (a), when the brush 408 is placed at the aa 'position, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation of each coil side 441 is superimposed between the brushes 408. When the coil is placed at the bb 'position, the induced electromotive force due to the rotation of each coil side 441 cancels out, and no voltage is generated between the brushes 408.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 41 (b) and 42 (b), the induced electromotive force extracted from the brush 408 at the position of the brush axis 0 ° will be described. As shown in the figure, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action on the rotor winding 404 generated by the field current flowing through the field winding 401 is in-phase with the field voltage, and the rotor 406 In the lower half of the rotor winding 404, an induced electromotive force is generated toward the front side of the drawing, and in the upper half of the rotor 406, the induced electromotive force toward the back side of the drawing is generated. Occurs. Therefore, in Fig. 42 (b), when the brush 408 is placed at the position bb, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action of each coil side 441 overlaps between the brushes 408 to generate a voltage. When placed in the aa 'position, the electromotive force of each coil side 441 cancels out, and no voltage is generated between the brushes 408.

As described above, depending on the position of the brush 408, the induced electromotive force due to rotation and the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action are generated between the brushes 408, and the brush axis is perpendicular to the main magnetic flux axis (Fig. In a), aa, position; a 90 ° position), only the induced electromotive force due to rotation appears between the brushes 408, and the brush axis is parallel to the main magnetic flux axis (Fig. 42 (b)). bb 'position; referred to as 0 degree position), only the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action appears between the brushes 408.

Furthermore, at the brush position between the 90-degree position and the 0-degree position of the brush 408, the induced electromotive force due to rotation increases as the position approaches 90 degrees, and the induced electromotive force becomes in phase with the field current. Conversely, as the temperature approaches 0 degrees, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action increases and the induced electromotive force becomes in phase with the field voltage.

At the brush position between 90 ° and 0 °, when the angle formed by the brush axis with respect to the magnetic flux axis is a, the magnitude of the induced electromotive force due to rotation is equivalent to F sina It is considered that the magnitude of the induced electromotive force by the transformer action is equivalently a function of F cosa. Therefore, for example, when the brush position shifts from 90 degrees to 0 degrees (a is 0 from 2), the induced electromotive force due to rotation is sin wave The characteristic is such that the transition from the maximum value to the minimum value (0) follows the shape curve, and the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action transitions from the minimum value (0) to the maximum value along the cos waveform force curve. Become.

Next, referring to FIG. 43, a rotor core 4 05 having two laminar windings and four rotor windings 4 0 4 having a coin side 4 4 1, and a rotor winding 4 0 The 0-degree position and the 90-degree position of the brush 4 08 will be described as a specific example using a commutator 4 0 7 in which four commutator pieces 4 7 1 corresponding to 4 are arranged. .

In FIG. 43, the left and right field poles of the field winding 402 are N and S. In the slot of the rotor core 405, there are provided coil sides 441 of four rotor windings 404 in a two-layer winding, and from the coil side 441 to the commutator side. The winding end 4 4 2 connected to this commutator piece 4 7 1 is pulled out, and the other side of the coil side 4 4 1 opposite to the commutator 4 0 7 is another coil side (in Fig. 43, the adjacent coil side) 4 It is the coil connection part B of 1. Also, four commutator pieces 471 are arranged corresponding to the rotor windings 4 04. For simplicity, only the coil connection B on the side opposite to the commutator 407 is shown, and the coil connection on the commutator side is omitted.

Also, here, a state is shown in which a rotational driving force is generated in the clockwise direction (n direction) to rotate the rotor 406, and in FIG. 43 (a), the magnetic flux of the field (from N) This shows a state in which the brush axis of the brush 408 corresponding to the magnetic flux axis in the S) direction is at 90 degrees, that is, at a right angle.

In FIG. 42 (a), the magnetic flux axis and the brush axis are at 90 degrees at aa ′, whereas in FIG. 43 (a), the magnetic flux axis and the brush axis aa ′ are 0 ° in the drawing. Degree position (same direction). However, in the actual structure, the state of the brush axis aa ′ shown in FIG. 43 (a) is equivalent to the 90-degree position in FIG. 42 (a). It has a large number of coil windings, and the two coil sides constituting the coil winding are arranged so as to jump over the coil sides of other coil windings, and the winding end is located at the center of the coil winding The winding structure (usually known winding structure) has the structure shown in Fig. 42 (a), but in Fig. 43, four rotor windings are separated by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. 0 4 coil side 4 4 1 The reason for this is that the coil sides 4 441 that are connected to each other are connected to each other, and that each coil side 4 41 and the commutator piece 4 71 are associated with the same position.

The same applies to the relationship where the 0-degree position of bb 'in FIG. 42 (b) and the brush axis bb' in FIG. 43 (b) are at the 90-degree position in the drawing. Yes, in practice, the brush axis bb 'in Fig. 43 (b) is equivalent to the 0 degree position. Therefore, hereinafter, in the description of FIG. 43, the state of FIG. 43 (a) is referred to as a 90-degree position, and the state of FIG. 43 (b) is referred to as a 0-degree position.

Further, FIG. 43 shows the direction of the magnetic flux, the brush position, the rotation direction of the rotor, and the direction of the induced electromotive force due to the rotation generated on each coil side 4441.

When the brush position aa 'in Fig. 43 (a) is at the 90-degree position, the rotor windings 400 cut off the magnetic flux on the left and right of the N and S magnetic poles, and the induced electromotive force due to the rotation. Appears between brushes 408. On the other hand, when the brush position bb ′ in FIG. 43 (b) is at the 0-degree position, the rotor windings 410 shown on the left and right in the immediate vicinity of the N and S magnetic poles cut the magnetic flux. In the upper and lower rotor windings 4 04 connected to the commutator piece 4 71 in contact with 8, the induced electromotive force due to this rotation is applied in the canceling direction. Therefore, no induced electromotive force is generated between the brushes 408 due to rotation.

Fig. 43 shows the case where attention is focused on the induced electromotive force due to rotation. However, when focusing on the induced electromotive force due to the action of a transformer having the same phase as the field voltage, Fig. 43 (a) At the 90-degree position, even if induced electromotive force that hinders the change in magnetic flux is generated in the upper and lower rotor windings 404, it is canceled by the left and right rotor windings 404 that are in contact with the brush 408. As a result, no induced electromotive force appears in the brush 408 due to the action of the transformer, and the brush 408 connected to the upper and lower rotor windings 404 at the 0-degree position in FIG. Then, the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action appears.

Furthermore, with respect to the main magnetic flux generated by the field winding 401, the direction of the magnetic flux caused by the current generated by the rotation of the rotor winding 410 or the induced electromotive force generated by the transformer action, that is, the brush at the 0-degree position If the position and the brush position at the 90-degree position are shown in a simplified diagram, they are as shown in the left diagram of FIGS. 44 (a) and (b). As shown in Fig. 44 (a), at the 0-degree position, the relationship between the primary and secondary of the transformer is equivalent, and the number of windings of the rotor is the same regardless of whether the rotor 406 is stationary or rotating. Only the induced electromotive force generated by the transformer action is determined. On the other hand, in the left figure of Fig. 44 (b), the induced electromotive force is generated by rotation of a magnitude proportional to the rotation speed of the rotor 406 by cutting the field magnetic flux at the 90-degree position. . Further, the phase of the electromotive force generated by the rotation position of the brush 408 changes from a value in phase with the field voltage to a value related to the rotation speed in phase with the field current.

Therefore, when a field current is applied to the field winding 401, an induced voltage having the same frequency as the field current appears between the brushes 408, which are AC output terminals. Further, when the moving position of the brush position in FIGS. 41 (a) and (b) is 0 to 90 degrees in terms of the electrical angle of the rotor winding 404, FIG. In the brush position shown in a), the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis equivalent to those in Fig. 42 (a), Fig. 43 (a), and Fig. 44 (b) are at 90 degrees, It generates only induced electromotive force due to rotation in the same phase as the magnetic current and with a magnitude corresponding to the rotational speed of the rotational driving force. At the brush position shown in FIG. 41 (b), the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis equivalent to those in FIGS. 42 (b), 43 (b) and 44 (a) are 0 degrees. Position, and generates only the induced electromotive force by the transformer action of the size corresponding to the number of rotor windings irrespective of the rotational speed of the rotational driving force in phase with the field voltage. In other words, for example, as the brush position moves from 90 degrees to 0 degrees, the electromotive force between the brushes 408 decreases from a magnitude depending on the number of rotations to a value corresponding to the number of windings of the rotor. Become. In other words, when the rotational driving force fluctuates, the brush position approaches 90 degrees when the rotation of the rotor by the rotational driving force is low, and approaches 0 degrees when the rotor rotates at high speed. This shows that a constant output voltage can be obtained. In Fig. 44 (b), if the left figure shows the brush position 90 degrees and the right figure shows the brush position 30 degrees, if the rated voltage is obtained at the brush position 60 degrees, the low-speed rotation When the brush is turned, the brush 408 is rotated toward 90 degrees, and when it is rotated at a high speed, the brush 408 is rotated toward 30 degrees. Voltage can be obtained. If the brush position is 0 degrees, it will operate as a transformer and start operation. Since the efficiency is poor as an electric machine, it is better to open the switch 4 1 4 so that the circuit is cut off only at 0 degrees.

Fig. 44 (c) shows the capacitor 413 provided for adjusting the phase, with the field flux matched to the voltage phase of the commercial AC power supply. 2 shows a structure for matching the phase with a commercial AC power supply.

(Waveforms of system voltage (field voltage), system current, field current, and generated current (rotor current) based on the actual circuit)

FIG. 45 shows an equivalent circuit of a shunt generator in which a field winding 401 and a rotor winding 404 are connected in parallel to a commercial AC power supply. In this case, in this equivalent circuit, a capacitor 413 is inserted to compensate for a delay in the field current of the field winding 401 with respect to the system voltage. The capacitance of the capacitor 4 13 takes a value that causes a series resonance with the inductance of the field winding 4 0 1, so that even if the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced and the number of windings is reduced, the capacitance of the capacitor 4 13 is reduced. It is preferable that a high voltage appears, and a 90 degree advance current appears by the capacitor 413 so that a large field current can be obtained even at a low power supply voltage.

Even in this shunt generator, an induced electromotive force of the same frequency as the field current is generated between the brushes 408 by the power generation, and when the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis are at 90 degrees, the field current and the An induced electromotive force is generated by rotation in the same phase, and when the brush axis and the magnetic flux axis are at 0 degrees, an induced electromotive force is generated by a transformer action in phase with the field voltage.

In this shunt circuit, the generator terminal voltage and the field circuit terminal voltage are at the same potential, and the generated current flows into the field circuit in addition to the system. To obtain the characteristics of this shunt circuit, the rotor current, system output current and field current were measured at measurement points 測定 1, C2, and C3 in FIG. The voltage was measured. The symbols C1, C2, C3 and V1 are shown in Fig. 45 and indicate the measuring points. In some cases, they also indicate the current probe and the voltmeter, and also the current and voltage waveforms. Are also used in the drawings.

Fig. 46 shows that the brush position is set to 0 degree and the generator rotor 400 is not rotated. 2 shows the rotor current C1 and the system current C2 when the system voltage V1 is applied. In FIG. 46, the induced electromotive force is generated in the rotor winding 404 by the above-described transformer action due to the field current flowing through the field winding 401. As can be seen from FIG. 46, the rotor current C1 is delayed by about 90 degrees with respect to the system voltage V1 (actually, it is delayed by 90 degrees with respect to the field current, but the field circuit is connected to the capacitor 41). 9 so that the field current is almost in-phase with the system voltage or is made to slightly advance by the effect of this capacitor 4 19). In addition, the system current C 2 that is almost in-phase with the system voltage VI flows very slightly. As can be seen from this waveform, there is no power consumption because the rotor current C1 of the generator and the system current have a phase difference of 90 degrees and reactive power is supplied to the rotor 406, and the system current C2 And there is almost no grid power loss.

On the other hand, assuming a conventional AC commutator generator, the brush position is set at 90 degrees and the rotor current C 1 and the field when the system voltage V 1 is applied without rotating the rotor 406 of the generator. Fig. 47 shows the relationship with the current C3. In FIG. 47, since the brush position is at the 90-degree position, the magnetic circuit as shown in FIG. 44 (b) is in a high magnetoresistance state, and the field current C3 increases due to magnetic energy accumulation. The phase of the rotor current C 1 advances, and the peak value increases. Then, as shown in Fig. 47, the power consumption by the system voltage VI and the rotor current C1 increases, and it is clear from the waveforms of the system current C2 and the system voltage V1 shown in Fig. 48. Thus, the circuit only consumes power, and the power loss is extremely large. From this point, in comparison with the generator with a 90-degree fixed position in the AC rectifier equivalent to that in Fig. 47, which is considered as a conventional example, in Fig. 46, the brush is set with the rotor 406 not rotating. It turns out that the power loss is extremely small by setting the position to the 0 degree position.

Returning to Fig. 46, if the rotor position is now rotated to the maximum number of revolutions with the brush position at the 0 degree position, there is no change in the waveform state of Fig. 46. This indicates that when the brush position is at 0 degrees, the induced electromotive force due to rotation does not act, and the characteristics remain based on the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action regardless of the rotation speed. In other words, the rotational driving force becomes excessive and the conventional AC commutator generator However, if the brush position is set to the 0-degree position in the generator according to the present embodiment even in a state in which excessive current flows due to the addition of an excessive current, it means that there is no possibility that excessive voltage or excessive current will occur. This also makes it possible to suppress the generated voltage or current to the rated value by adjusting the angle of the brush position according to the driving force in a state where a certain rotational driving force is input. '

Fig. 49 shows the relationship between the rotor current C1 and the field current C3 when the system voltage V1 is applied by rotating the rotor 406 of the generator at a predetermined position with the brush position at 90 degrees. Is shown. In the state shown in FIG. 49, it is shown that the rotor current C1 becomes a large current having the opposite phase to the system voltage V1 and is supplied to the outside as a generated current. Then, as can be seen from a comparison between FIG. 46 where the brush position is at the 0-degree position and FIG. 49 where the brush position is at the 90-degree position, even if the system voltage V1 is the same, it is rotated in FIG. In FIG. 49, the small current ffi :, which is 90 degrees behind the system voltage V1, as the daughter current C1, becomes a large current in the opposite phase. At this time, the field current C 3 also has a somewhat large peak value, but this is due to the magnetic resistance as shown from the field current C 3 when there is no rotation at the brush position 0 ° shown in FIG. This causes the field current to increase and the generated current, which is the rotor current C1, to flow into the field circuit. As a result, as shown in FIG. 50, a system current C2 having a phase opposite to that of the system voltage V1 flows into the system, and power is generated.

The state of the rotor current C 1 in FIG. 46 changes from the state of the rotor current C 1 in FIG. 46 to the state of the rotor current C 1 in FIG. 49 by the rotation of the brush position and the rotation of the rotor by the rotational driving force. The phase change based on the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action that changes with the rotation of, causes the change in the peak value due to the rotation.

When a large phase-leading current flows in the load current, a coil may be interposed instead of the capacitor 4 13.

As shown in Fig. 40 and Fig. 44 (c), the phase difference between the output voltage and output current supplied from the brush 408 to the power supply from the AC power supply such as a commercial AC power supply or UPS is reduced. With the interposition of a capacitor 4 13 Or, by adjusting the rotation of the brush 408 using the phase difference of the electromotive force due to the transformer action, it is possible to perform suitable phase adjustment or power factor adjustment. As described above, in the seventh embodiment, as the brush 408 rotates, both the induced electromotive force due to the rotation and the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action are adjusted, so that the rotational driving force of the prime mover varies. Even if there is, a certain output can be obtained.

Also, the output can be adjusted even if the rotational driving force of the prime mover is constant, and the generator does not fail even if the rotational driving force of the prime mover is excessive.

In addition, an output having the same frequency as that of the AC power supply connected to the field winding 401 can be obtained, and the system interconnection can be easily performed by adjusting the phase and the power factor accompanying the rotation of the brush 408. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a slim power generator without the adjusting device and the like. In addition, even when the commutator power generator of Embodiment 2 is applied to an engine generator, the frequency is constant, and all output fluctuations and voltage fluctuations can be covered by the rotation of the brush 408.

Further, according to the seventh embodiment, by rotating the brush 408, it is possible to obtain a generator having a variable output and a variable phase at a constant frequency. When this generator is used as an auxiliary power source for the Koji Energy System, the switching switch 410 is connected to the AC commercial power source, and the interlocking switch 411 is turned on, and the brush is switched at the same frequency and phase as the AC commercial power source. Obtaining an output voltage corresponding to the rotation position of 408, and applying this output voltage to a commercial AC voltage and a constant output terminal of a UPS or the like is the same as in general system interconnection.

However, in the area where the cogeneration system is targeted, if the commercial AC power supply, which is the system, fails, the generator output will be short-circuited, but the field winding 401 connected to the system will be Since no current flows, the generator has no excitation input, and as a result, no generator output is generated. Therefore, even in the event of a power failure, there is no stress on the generator, there is no danger of the rotor winding 404 being damaged due to short-circuit current, and there is no risk of damaging the motor connecting shaft, and the effect of eliminating the need for a high-speed circuit breaker is achieved.

Therefore, the switching operation of the switching switch 410 is more comfortable than before. This is not the case), and there is no output current. When a power failure occurs or when operating alone, the switching switch 410, which is linked to the linked switch 41, is connected to an AC power supply such as a UPS and the field current flows, so that the linked switch 411 is turned off. Nevertheless, AC output is always obtained at the output terminal, and power generation can be continued.

In the seventh embodiment, the structure in which the brush 408 is rotated in the circumferential direction of the commutator 407 has been described. However, the positions of the commutator 407 and the brush 408 are relatively controlled. As a matter of course, the brush 408 may be fixed and the commutator 407 and the rotor 406 may be rotated.

Embodiment 8

As shown in FIG. 51, the commutator power generator according to Embodiment 8 uses a commutator 407 in which the commutator pieces 471 are arranged obliquely in the axial direction, and further has a brush 408 as an axis. It is configured to reciprocate in the direction. With this configuration, the above-described induced electromotive force due to rotation and induced electromotive force due to the action of the transformer can be obtained. Since other configurations are the same as those of the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 40, only different portions will be described in detail here.

As shown in FIGS. 51 (a) and (b), the commutator piece 471 of the eighth embodiment has a skew in the axial direction in a state where the rectifier pieces 471 are arranged in a cylindrical shape. It is formed in a bent shape. A pair of brushes 408 that are in contact with the commutator piece 471 with a desired contact resistance value are arranged. Further, the brush 408 is configured to be movable along the axial direction of the commutator 407 while being in contact with the commutator 407.

When the commutator piece 407 is provided with a skew on the commutator piece 407, the degree of skew (skew angle) is such that the brush 408 moves on the commutator 407 along the axial direction. When this is done, the skew angle is set so that the brush 408 moves over several adjacent commutator pieces 471.

FIG. 52 illustrates this state of the skew angle, and is a front view, a back view, and a development view of four commutator pieces 4 7 1 arranged in a cylindrical shape of the commutator 4 07. . In FIG. 52 (a), there is a skew obliquely upward and rightward when viewed from the surface, and four commutator pieces 471 of A, B, C, D are illustrated. As shown by the arrow in Fig. (B), the brushes D, A, and B are moved to the three commutator pieces 471, by the axial movement of the brush from the left end to the right end of the commutator 407. 8 are configured to be able to move in sequence.

Fig. 53 is a development showing the connection between the N and S two-pole field poles, the rotor winding 4 04 consisting of 16 form-wound coils, and the skewed commutator piece 4 7 1 FIG. Here, the number of field poles, the number of coils, and the skew angle are examples, and are not limited thereto. In Fig. 53, approximately eight coil sides 4 4 1 (16 including one slot and two layers) are arranged corresponding to one field pole, and these eight (two layers) A rotor winding 4 04 having 16 coil sides 4 41 is connected to eight commutator pieces 4 7 1. The skew angle is such that the brush 408 moves in the axial direction and makes contact with the four commutator pieces 471.

The transfer on the four commutator pieces 471 by the brush 408 is a phenomenon in which the voltage of one cycle period is excited when the winding coil makes one rotation between the two field poles. Considering that the position variation for one rotation corresponds to 16 coil sides 4 4 1 (fin, and finally 16 commutator pieces 4 7 1), 4 The movement of the commutator piece 4 7 1 of the element results in a change of 90 degrees in electrical angle.

Due to the axial movement of the brush 4 08, the connection between the commutator piece 4 7 1 and the coil wound to form the rotor winding 4 4 4 connected to the commutator piece 4 7 1 changes in order, which corresponds to this change. Therefore, the corresponding electrical angle changes.

In other words, even if the brush 408 is reciprocated on the commutator 407 using the commutator 407 provided with a skew on the commutator piece 471, the brush 4 The same effect as the rotation of 08 can be obtained.

In both the seventh embodiment and the eighth embodiment, the rotation or movement of the brush 408 is described as an electrical angle of 0 to 90 degrees, but the rotation or movement of the brush 408 is 0 to minus 90 degrees (in the opposite direction). 90 degrees), the induced electromotive force due to rotation and the transformer It is clear that an induced electromotive force is obtained by the action.

Therefore, when the commutator power generation device of the present invention is applied to wave power generation as another embodiment, the brush 408 is turned or moved in the minus direction when the rotation drive shaft is reversed in the wave power generation. This eliminates the need to switch on and off when switching between forward and reverse rotations.

Further, as a modified example of the eighth embodiment, for example, if the shape of the skew of the commutator 407 is as shown in FIG. The brush axis can be moved by 0 degrees.

In the eighth embodiment, the structure in which the brush 408 is moved in the axial direction of the commutator 407 has been described. However, the positions of the commutator 407 and the brush 408 are in a relative relationship. Therefore, the brush 408 may be fixed and the commutator 407 or the rotor 406 may be moved in the axial direction with respect to the brush 408.

As described above, according to the present invention, the rotor core on which the rotor winding is wound is rotated with respect to the stator core on which the field winding is wound and excited, via the commutator and the brush. In a commutator generator that extracts power, an AC power supply is connected to the field winding, and the brush that contacts the commutator and the stator core are relatively connected to the commutator while the rotor is stopped and running. It is configured to be rotatable in the circumferential direction, and by connecting an AC output terminal different from the AC power supply to the brush, the frequency due to the field current can always be set as the output frequency of the power generator. Since the output voltage and phase can be adjusted by rotation, the output voltage and power factor can be adjusted even if there is a change in rotational driving force or a change in load characteristics. Expand usage environment based on It is possible.

According to the following invention, the rotation of the brush is performed by driving the brush holder arranged around the commutator through the air gap by the actuator, so that the rotation of the brush can be simplified. To do it.

According to the next invention, the actuator is controlled by the controller having the table of the rotation angle of the brush with respect to the rotation speed of the rotor, so that the table is controlled. For example, a one-chip dedicated controller that is stored can handle fluctuations in the rotation speed, load, or power factor of the prime mover.

According to the next invention, the controller controls the brush position at 0 ° or near 0 ° in any one of a state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain rotation speed or more, and a sudden change in load. Even if there is no input from the prime mover and it does not function as a generator, the power consumption as a load is extremely small, or if the rotor is over-rotating, it may be turned around from the prime mover and may be short-circuited or ground-faulted. It is possible to suppress power quickly.

According to the next invention, the table is created by using at least one of the output current, output voltage, efficiency, and system load characteristic as a parameter, so that the entire power system including the generator use state, the load state, and the system Power control can be performed according to the state. According to the next invention, the stator core is provided with a stator core rotating mechanism by being driven by an actuator.

According to the next invention, the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of the rotation angle of the stator core with respect to the number of rotations of the rotor. It will be able to cope with fluctuations in speed, load, or power factor.

According to the next invention, the controller controls the rotor core position at 0 ° or near 0 ° in any of a state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain rotation speed or more, and a sudden change in load. Therefore, even when the motor does not function as a generator because there is no input from the prime mover, the power consumption as a load is extremely small, or when the rotor is over-rotating, the power is generated from the prime mover, causing an accident such as a short circuit or ground fault. As a result, it is possible to suppress power quickly.

According to the next invention, both the rotation of the brush performed by driving the brush holder disposed around the commutator via the air gap by the actuator and the rotation of the stator core performed by driving the brush holder by the actuator. By doing so, both a brush rotating mechanism and a stator core rotating mechanism are provided. According to the next invention, the actuator is controlled by the controller having the table of the rotation angle between the brush and the stator core with respect to the number of rotations of the rotor. Thus, it is possible to deal with fluctuations in the rotation speed, load, or power factor of the prime mover.

According to the next invention, the controller is configured to control the brush position or the rotor core position at 0 ° or near 0 ° in at least one of a state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain rotation speed or more, and a sudden change in load. In this case, the power consumption as a load is extremely small even when the motor does not function as a generator because there is no input from the prime mover. In the event of a ground fault or the like, power can be quickly suppressed.

According to the next invention, since the AC output terminal connected to the brush is provided with the variable phase shift means, it is possible to perform an appropriate phase shift according to the state of the power transmission path, the state of the load, and the like. -According to the following invention, the number of windings of the rotor winding is adjusted according to the relative relationship between the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action induced in the rotor winding and the induced electromotive force due to rotation. This makes it possible to suitably adjust the magnitude and phase of the electromotive force.

Each of the above-mentioned inventions is also applied to a so-called shunt type commutator power generator, and has the same effect.

According to the next invention, a low voltage is temporarily applied to the field circuit by connecting a capacitor having a capacity for generating series resonance to the field winding by using a variable phase shift means. A large current can flow.

According to the next invention, an AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core, the commutator, and the brush are formed as an AC output power supply. By rectifying the voltage from the AC output power supply and comparing it with the reference voltage by a comparator, and adjusting the voltage of the AC excitation power supply with the output of this comparator, the rotational driving force etc. can be finely controlled even if there is a load fluctuation. The device is simple and inexpensive without the need for precise control. Also, even if the output voltage capacity of the generator is small, The compensation of the AC voltage becomes easy. When the system is connected to the grid, a constant output is obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force.

According to the next invention, an AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core, the commutator, and the brush are formed as an AC output power supply. By comparing the voltage from the AC output power supply with the reference AC voltage using a comparator, and adjusting the voltage of the AC excitation power supply with the output of this comparator, the rotational driving force etc. can be finely adjusted even if there is a load fluctuation. The device is simple and inexpensive without the need for precise control. Also, even if the output voltage capacity of the generator is small, it is easy to compensate for the AC voltage without increasing the size of the magnetic circuit or the like. When the system is connected to the grid, a constant output is obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force.

According to the next invention, an AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core, the commutator, and the brush are formed as an AC output power supply. By comparing the current from the AC output power supply with the reference current using a comparator and adjusting the voltage of the AC excitation power supply with the output of the comparator, the AC output current can be easily compensated.

According to the next invention, the same waveform corresponding to the voltage waveform of the AC excitation power supply is output from the AC output power supply, so that the same waveform as the AC output power supply as the field power supply is obtained as the output. be able to.

According to the following invention, an uninterruptible power supply can be obtained for the AC output terminal or AC output power supply by using it as a UPS, and the system can be connected to the system with a simple structure. And output can be obtained at a desired frequency, phase, and voltage.

According to the next invention, there is provided a power amplifier for applying a voltage taken out from the brush to the AC output terminal to one input terminal, the output terminal of the power amplifier being connected to the field winding, By returning the negative feedback input of the field winding terminal voltage to the input terminal of the power amplifier, the field current in phase with the system voltage or output voltage can flow by the negative feedback of the power amplifier, and the current phase can be improved. Can be. According to the next invention, by controlling the output of the AGC circuit provided at one input terminal of the power amplifier with the current value flowing from the brush to the AC output terminal, it is possible to control the voltage of the power amplifier according to the rotor current Thus, the field current can be controlled.

According to the next invention, a rectifier that rotates a rotor core wound with a rotor winding with respect to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited to extract power through a commutator and a brush. In a power generator, an AC generator is connected to the field winding to form a commutator. Each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape with skew in the axial direction, and the brush is rotated while contacting the commutator. The brush is connected to the AC output terminal, which is different from the AC power supply, so that the frequency due to the field current is always equal to the output frequency of the generator. The output voltage and phase can be adjusted by moving the brush ゃ rotor in the axial direction, so the output voltage and power factor can be adjusted even if there is a change in rotational driving force or load characteristics. And the reduction of facilities and equipment related to power generation It is possible to increase the usage environment based on LES.

According to the next invention, the brush is configured to have a skew in the axial direction and reciprocate along the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator in which the respective commutator pieces are arranged in a cylindrical shape. The output voltage and phase are adjusted by allowing the brush to move axially within the axial movement range.

According to the following invention, the angle of the skew of each commutator piece is such that the number of commutator pieces that come into contact with the brush in the axial movement range of the brush is By determining the number of the electrical angles of the connected rotor windings so as to have a difference of 90 degrees or more, the electrical angle of the rotor windings of 90 degrees or more within the axial movement range of the brush. By providing a difference between the two, a characteristic equivalent to a brush rotation from 0 to 90 degrees or more can be obtained around a commutator composed of, for example, a linear commutator piece, and a desired output voltage adjustment and phase adjustment can be achieved. Becomes possible.

According to the next invention, the axial movement of the brush moves the brush holder disposed around the commutator via the air gap according to the fluid pressure to the prime mover that generates the rotational driving force. By moving the brush in the axial direction according to the fluid pressure due to the wind pressure and the force water pressure, the brush movement according to the rotational driving force of the prime mover is achieved. Brush control becomes possible.

According to the following invention, the axial movement of the brush is performed by driving the brush holder arranged around the commutator through the air gap by the actuator, thereby making the axial movement of the brush extremely simple. This is done with a simple structure.

According to the following invention, the actuator is controlled by the controller having the table of the axial movement position of the brush with respect to the number of rotations of the rotor. It will be able to cope with fluctuations in rotation speed, load, or power factor.

According to the next invention, the controller moves to the brush position where the axial movement position of the brush becomes the reference position in at least one of the state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, the rotation speed is equal to or more than a certain rotation speed, and the sudden change in load. By controlling the motor, there is no rotational driving force from the prime mover and it does not function as a generator.Even in such a case, the power consumption becomes extremely small. In the event of an accident such as a short circuit, power can be quickly suppressed.

According to the next invention, the table is created by using at least one of the output current, output voltage, efficiency, and system load characteristic as a parameter, so that the entire power system including the generator use state, the load state, and the system Power control can be performed according to the state. According to the next invention, the skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the rectifier to the other end, and then counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. Due to the shape twisted around, the commutator skew shape allows the brush to move 90 degrees from the reference position, for example, to a 90-degree brush rotation equivalent position by unidirectional movement of the brush, and to move to the reference position. In power generation, the brush movement position can be determined according to the wind pressure from no wind to strong wind, brush control becomes simple, and mechanical brush control according to fluid pressure becomes possible.

According to the next invention, the rotor has a skew in the axial direction, and each commutator piece is cylindrical. The commutators arranged in a zigzag configuration allow reciprocation along the axial direction within the axial movement range, allowing the rotor to move in the axial direction within the axial movement range to adjust the output voltage and phase. It is a thing.

According to the following invention, the angle of the skew of each commutator piece is such that the number of commutator pieces that come into contact with the brush in a state where the rotor is moved within the axial movement range of the rotor is equal to the commutator piece. The electrical angle of the connected rotor winding is determined so as to have a difference of 90 degrees or more in the electrical angle, so that the electrical angle of the rotor winding is 90 degrees or more within the axial movement range of the rotor. By providing a difference between the two, a characteristic equivalent to a brush rotation of, for example, 0 degrees or more to 90 degrees or more around a commutator consisting of a linear commutator piece can be obtained, and desired output voltage adjustment and phase adjustment Becomes possible.

According to the next invention, the axial movement of the rotor is performed by moving the rotor in accordance with the fluid pressure to the prime mover that generates the rotational driving force, thereby rotating the rotor in accordance with the fluid pressure due to wind and power water. By moving the rotor in the axial direction, the rotor can be moved according to the rotational driving force of the prime mover, so that the rotor can be controlled with a simple and inexpensive mechanism. According to the next invention, the axial movement of the rotor is performed by driving the actuator, thereby providing the axial movement mechanism of the rotor.

According to the next invention, the actuator is controlled by the controller having the table of the axial movement position of the rotor with respect to the number of rotations of the rotor. It is possible to cope with fluctuations in rotation speed, load fluctuation, or power factor fluctuation.

According to the following invention, the controller is a rotor in which the axial movement position of the rotor is the reference position in at least one of a state where the rotation number of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain number of rotations or more, and a sudden change in load. By controlling the position, the motor will not function as a generator because there is no rotational driving force from the prime mover, even if the rotor consumes very little power, or if the rotor overspeeds, it will rotate from the prime mover, causing a short circuit. In the event of an accident such as a ground fault or ground fault, it is possible to quickly suppress power consumption.

According to the next invention, the rotor and the brush have a skew in the axial direction, and Commutator pieces are arranged in a cylindrical shape so that they can reciprocate along the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator, enabling the rotor and brush to move axially within the axial movement range. Thus, the output voltage and the phase are adjusted.

According to the next invention, the angle of the skew of each commutator piece is such that at least one of the brush and the rotor is moved within the axial movement range of the brush and the rotor, and the commutator piece is in contact with the brush. The number is determined so that the difference in electrical angle between the rotor windings connected to the commutator piece and the rotor turns by 90 degrees or more, so that the rotor and the brush can be moved within the axial movement range. By providing an electrical angle difference of 90 degrees or more of the winding, for example, a characteristic equivalent to a brush rotation from 0 degrees to 90 degrees or more around a commutator consisting of a straight commutator piece can be obtained. Thus, desired output voltage adjustment and phase adjustment can be performed. According to the next invention, the axial movement of at least one of the rotor and the brush moves at least one of the brush holders disposed around the rotor and the commutator via an air gap to the prime mover that generates a rotational driving force. By moving the rotor and brush in the axial direction according to the fluid pressure due to wind and force, the rotor and brush move according to the rotational driving force of the prime mover. As a result, the rotor and the brush can be controlled by a simple and inexpensive mechanism.

According to the next invention, the axial movement of the brush performed by driving the brush holder disposed around the commutator through the air gap by the actuator, and the axial movement of the rotor performed by driving the brush by the actuator. By carrying out both of the above, both a brush moving mechanism and a rotor moving mechanism are provided.

According to the following invention, the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of relative axial movement positions of the brush and the rotor with respect to the number of rotations of the rotor, so that, for example, a dedicated chip with a built-in table is used. The controller will be able to deal with fluctuations in engine speed, load fluctuations, or power factor fluctuations.

According to the next invention, the controller controls at least one relative axial movement of the brush and the rotor in at least one of a state where the rotation number of the rotor is low or stopped, a certain number of rotations or more, and a sudden change in load. Control so that the position becomes the reference position As a result, the motor does not function as a generator because there is no rotational driving force from the motor, and even in such a case, the power consumption is extremely small, or when the rotor is over-rotating, the motor may be turned around, causing a short circuit or ground failure. In the event of an accident such as a short circuit, it is possible to quickly suppress power. According to the next invention, the AC output terminal connected to the brush is provided with the variable phase shift means, so that an appropriate phase shift can be performed according to the state of the power transmission path, the state of the load, and the like.

According to the next invention, the number of windings of the rotor winding is adjusted in accordance with the relative relationship between the induced electromotive force due to the transformer action induced in the rotor winding and the induced electromotive force due to rotation. Thereby, the magnitude and phase of the electromotive force can be suitably adjusted.

According to the next invention, an AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core and each commutator piece have skew in the axial direction. A commutator arranged in a cylindrical shape and a brush that moves axially relative to this commutator are formed as an AC output power supply, and the voltage from the AC output power supply is rectified and compared with a reference voltage using a comparator. However, by adjusting the voltage of the AC excitation power supply based on the output of the comparator, the apparatus becomes simple and inexpensive without having to finely control the rotational driving force and the like even when there is a load fluctuation. Also, even if the output voltage capacity of the generator is small, it is easy to compensate for the AC voltage without increasing the size of the magnetic circuit or the like. When the system is connected to the grid, a constant output is obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force.

According to the next invention, an AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core and each commutator piece have skew in the axial direction. A commutator arranged in a cylindrical shape and a brush that moves axially relative to this commutator are formed as an AC output power supply, and the voltage from the AC output power supply is compared with the reference AC voltage. By comparing the voltage of the AC excitation power supply with the output of the comparator, the device becomes simple and inexpensive without having to finely control the rotational driving force and the like even if there is a load change. Also, even if the output voltage capacity of the generator is small, it is easy to compensate for the AC voltage without increasing the size of the magnetic circuit or the like. When the system is connected to the grid, a constant output is obtained without being affected by fluctuations in the rotational driving force.

According to the next invention, an AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core and each commutator piece have skew in the axial direction. A commutator arranged in a cylindrical shape and a brush that moves axially relative to the commutator are formed as an AC output power supply, and the current from the AC output power supply is compared with a reference current using a comparator. Adjusting the voltage of the AC excitation power supply at the output of the comparator facilitates compensation of the AC output current.

According to the next invention, there is provided a power amplifier in which a voltage taken out from the brush to the AC output terminal is applied to one input terminal, and the output terminal of the power amplifier is connected to the field winding, and the other end of the power amplifier is connected to the power amplifier. By returning the negative feedback input of the field winding terminal voltage to the input end, a field current in the same phase as the system voltage or output voltage can flow by the negative feedback of the power amplifier to improve the current phase. Can be.

According to the next invention, by controlling the output of the AGC circuit provided at one input terminal of the power amplifier with the current value flowing from the brush to the AC output terminal, the voltage control of the power amplifier according to the rotor current can be performed. This makes it possible to control the amount of field current. According to the next invention, a rectifier for taking out electric power through a commutator and a brush by rotating a rotor core wound with a rotor winding with respect to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited. AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element in the stator power generator, so that the brush and the stator core contacting the commutator can rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction of the commutator. By setting the range that can be rotated in the circumferential direction to the range of the desired electrical angle with respect to the preset electrical angle reference position, the frequency obtained by the AC power supply frequency can be output, and the brush Since the output and power factor can be adjusted by relative rotation of the desired angle, it is possible not only to connect to the system, but also to change the rotational driving force and the output voltage or the output characteristics or the output characteristics. Adjustment is possible, and the generator Can be reduced and enlargement of the use environment. In addition, when the system is out of power and the generator output terminal is short-circuited, no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input, so no generator output is generated. As a result, there is no possibility that a short-circuit current will be generated from the generator, and stress on the generator will be small.

According to the next invention, a rectifier for extracting electric power through a commutator and a brush by rotating a rotor core wound with a rotor winding relative to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited. AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element in the stator power generator, so that the brush and the stator core contacting the commutator can rotate relative to each other in the circumferential direction of the commutator. The range of rotation in the circumferential direction is set in the range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle, so that the frequency obtained by the AC power supply frequency can be output. The output and power factor can be adjusted by relative rotation between degrees and 90 degrees, so that grid interconnection is possible, as well as fluctuations in rotational driving force and fluctuations in output voltage or output characteristics. Voltage can be adjusted according to the It is possible to achieve the expansion of the environment. In addition, when the system is out of power and the generator output terminal is short-circuited, no generator current is generated because the field current from the system does not flow and there is no generator excitation input. As a result, there is no possibility that a short-circuit current will be generated from the generator, and the stress on the generator will be small.

According to the next invention, the rotor is attached to the stator core, on which the field winding is wound and excited. In a commutator power generator that extracts power through a commutator and a brush by rotating a rotor core wound with a winding, an AC power supply is connected to the field winding through a phase shift element, and the commutator is connected to the field winding. Each commutator piece to be formed is arranged in a cylindrical shape with skew in the axial direction, and the brush can move along the axial direction relative to the rotor while contacting the commutator. It can output the frequency obtained by the AC power supply frequency, and the output and power factor can be adjusted by the relative rotation of the brush with the axial movement of the skewed commutator and the brush. As a result, it is not only possible to connect to the grid, but also it is possible to adjust the voltage according to the fluctuations in the rotational driving force and the output voltage or output characteristics, thereby reducing the number of generators and equipment and reducing the usage environment. It can be expanded. In addition, when the system is out of power and the generator output terminal is short-circuited, no generator current is generated because no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input. As a result, there is no danger of generating a short-circuit current from the generator, and stress on the generator is reduced.

According to the next invention, the angle of the skew of each commutator piece is such that, when either the brush or the commutator is moved within the relative axial movement range of the brush and the commutator, the angle of contact with this brush is determined. The number of possible commutator segments is such that the electrical angle of the rotor winding connected to the commutator segment is equal to or greater than 90 degrees in electrical angle. By providing an electrical angle difference of 90 degrees or more of the rotor winding within the movement range, for example, when considered as a straight commutator piece, brushes from 0 degrees to 90 degrees or more around the commutator The characteristics equivalent to the rotation of the motor are obtained, and the desired output voltage adjustment and phase adjustment can be performed.

According to the next invention, the skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the rectifier to the other end, and then counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. By twisting around, the commutator skew allows the brush and commutator to move only 90 degrees from the reference position to the brush rotation position, for example, and then move to the reference position only by one-way movement. For example, in wind power generation, the brush movement position can be determined according to the wind pressure from no wind to strong wind, and brush control is simplified. According to the next invention, the brush and the commutator are configured such that each commutator piece is relatively movable along the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator in which the commutator pieces are arranged in a cylindrical shape. The output voltage and phase are adjusted by allowing the commutator to move axially within the axial movement range.

According to the following invention, the movable range in the axial direction is set to a range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle, so that the brush or the commutator can be rotated by 90 degrees in electrical angle due to the axial movement. In this way, output fluctuations from minimum to maximum can be easily obtained.

According to the next invention, a rectifier that rotates a rotor core wound with a rotor winding with respect to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited to extract power through a commutator and a brush. In a power generator, a first and a second AC power supply are selectively and selectively connected to a field winding via a phase shift element and a first switch, and a brush and a stator core that are in contact with a commutator are connected to each other. The brushes are configured to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the commutator relatively to each other, and the brush is always connected to the first AC power supply via the connection destination of the output terminal and the second switch linked to the first switch. Can output the frequency obtained from the AC power supply frequency, and the output and power factor can be adjusted by the relative rotation of the brush. Fluctuation of driving force or output voltage or It enables the voltage adjusted according to the variation of the output characteristics, it is possible to increase the generator apparatus and equipment reduction and use environment. In addition, when the power outage of the system causes the output end of the generator to be short-circuited, no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input, so no generator output is generated. As a result, there is no possibility that a short-circuit current will be generated from the generator, and stress on the generator will be small. Therefore, there is no need to instantaneously switch the first switch, and power can be generated immediately using the second AC power supply as a field power supply.

According to the following invention, since at least one of the connection destinations of the second AC power supply or the constant output terminal is a UPS, stable power generation is achieved by using the UPS as the field power supply as the second AC power supply. By using a stable field power source, the generator can be used as a UPS power source. According to the next invention, the range in which the rotation in the circumferential direction is set to a range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle, whereby the output of the brush or the commutator in the axial direction varies most. It is possible to easily cope with the rotation of the electric angle.

According to the next invention, a rectifier that rotates a rotor core wound with a rotor winding with respect to a stator core wound with a field winding and excited to extract power through a commutator and a brush. In the power generating device, the first and second AC power supplies are selectively switchably connected to the field winding via a phase shift element and a first switch to form a commutator. The brush is arranged in a cylindrical shape with a skewer, and the brush is configured to be movable along the axial direction relative to the rotor while being in contact with the commutator. By connecting to the first AC power supply via the second switch linked to the first switch, the frequency obtained by the AC power supply frequency can be output, and the output is obtained by the relative axial movement of the brush. And power factor can be adjusted, In addition to being able to connect to the grid, it is possible to adjust the voltage according to fluctuations in the rotational driving force and fluctuations in the output voltage or output characteristics, thereby reducing the number of generators and equipment and expanding the operating environment. it can. In addition, when the system is out of power and the generator output terminal is short-circuited, no generator current is input because no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input. As a result, there is no possibility that a short-circuit current will be generated from the generator, and the stress on the generator will be small. Therefore, there is no need to switch the first switch instantaneously, and power can be generated immediately using the second AC power supply as a field power supply.

According to the next invention, the rotor core wound with the rotor winding is rotated forward and reverse with respect to the stator core excited by winding the field winding, and the electric power is transmitted through the commutator and the brush. In the commutator generator, an AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element, and the brush and stator core contacting the commutator are rotated relative to each other in the circumferential direction of the commutator. It is possible to output the frequency obtained at the AC power supply frequency by setting the range that can be rotated in the circumferential direction to be approximately ± 90 degrees with the electrical angle being about 0 degree as the center. The output and power factor can be adjusted by the relative rotation of the brush. As a result, it is possible not only to connect to the grid, but also to adjust the voltage according to fluctuations in the rotational driving force and fluctuations in the output voltage or output characteristics. Can be expanded. In addition, even if the rotational driving force is reversed, it is possible to easily cope with the rotation of the brush. In addition, when the system is out of power and the output terminal of the generator is short-circuited, no generator current is generated because no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input. As a result, there is no danger of generating a short-circuit current from the generator, and the stress on the generator is small.

According to the next invention, electric power is transmitted through the commutator and the brush by rotating the rotor core with the rotor winding forward and reverse with respect to the stator core on which the field winding is wound and excited. In the commutator power generator to be taken out, an AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element, and each commutator piece forming a commutator is arranged in a cylindrical shape with a skew in the axial direction. The brush is configured to be movable along the axial direction relative to the rotor while being in contact with the commutator, and the movable range in the axial direction is approximately ± 90 degrees centered on an electrical angle of approximately 0 degrees. By setting the range, it is possible to output the frequency obtained by the AC power supply frequency, and the output and power are obtained by the relative rotation of the brush accompanying the axial movement between the skewed commutator and the brush. It is possible that grid connection is possible because the rate can be adjusted. Of course, it is possible to adjust the voltage according to the fluctuation of the rotational driving force and the fluctuation of the output voltage or output characteristics, and it is possible to reduce the number of generators and equipment and expand the use environment. Even if the rotational driving force is reversed, it can be easily coped with by rotating the brush. In addition, when the power outage of the system causes the output end of the generator to be short-circuited, no field current flows from the system and there is no generator excitation input, so no generator output occurs. As a result, there is no possibility that a short-circuit current is generated from the generator, and the stress on the generator is reduced. Industrial applicability

As described above, the commutator power generation device according to the present invention is useful as a power generation device capable of reducing the power generation equipment and the device scale.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A commutator power generator that takes out electric power through a commutator and a brush by rotating a rotor core wound with a rotor winding with respect to a stator core that is excited by winding a field winding.

Connect an AC power supply to the field winding,

The brush and the stator core contacting the commutator are configured to be relatively rotatable in the circumferential direction of the commutator without distinction between when the rotor is stopped and during driving.

The rectifier is characterized in that an AC output terminal different from the AC power supply is connected to the bra.

2. The rectifier generator according to claim 1, wherein the brush is rotated by driving a brush holder, which is disposed around the commutator via an air gap, with an actuator. .

3. The rectifier power generator according to claim 2, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a brush rotation angle with respect to a rotation speed of the rotor.

4. The controller controls the brush position to 0 degree or near 0 degree in at least one of a state in which the rotation number of the rotor is low or stopped, a state in which the rotation number is more than a certain number, and a sudden change in load. 3. The commutator power generator according to item 3 above.

5. The commutator generator according to claim 3, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

6. The commutator power generator according to claim 1, wherein the rotation of the stator core is performed by being driven by an actuator.

7. The commutator power generator according to claim 6, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a rotation angle of the stator core with respect to a rotation speed of the rotor.

8. The controller controls the rotor core position to 0 ° or near 0 ° in at least one of the state where the rotor speed is low or stopped, the speed is over a certain speed, and the load suddenly changes. The commutator power generator according to claim 7, wherein

9. The commutator generator according to claim 7, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

10. Both the rotation of the brush, which is performed by driving the brush holder disposed around the commutator through the air gap with the actuator, and the rotation of the stator core, which is performed by driving the brush holder with the actuator, are performed. The commutator power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that:

11. The commutator according to claim 10, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a rotation angle between the brush and the stator core with respect to the rotation speed of the rotor. Power generator.

1 2. The controller controls the brush position or the rotor core position at 0 ° or near 0 ° in at least one of the state where the rotor speed is low or stopped, the speed is over a certain speed, and the load suddenly changes. Claim 11 Onboard commutator generator.

13. The rectifier according to claim 11, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

14. The commutator power generator according to claim 1, wherein the AC output terminal or the field circuit connected to the brush is provided with variable phase shift means.

15. The number of windings of the rotor winding is adjusted in accordance with the relative relationship between the induced electromotive force induced by the transformer action and the induced electromotive force caused by rotation in the rotor winding. The commutator power generation device according to claim 1.

1 6. A commutator power generation device that rotates a rotor core wound with a rotor winding relative to a stator core that is excited by winding a field winding to extract power through a commutator and a brush At

Connect an AC power supply to the field winding,

An AC output terminal connected to the brush is connected to the AC power supply.

17. The commutator power generator according to claim 16, wherein the brush is rotated by driving a brush holder arranged around the commutator via an air gap with an actuator. .

18. The actuator has a table of the brush rotation angle with respect to the rotor rotation speed. The commutator power generation device according to claim 17, wherein the commutator power generation device is controlled by a controller having the same.

19. The controller is characterized in that the controller controls the brush position at 0 ° or near 0 ° in at least one of the state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, the rotation speed is over a certain speed, and the load suddenly changes. A commutator power generator according to claim 18.

20. The commutator power generator according to claim 18, wherein the table is created using at least one of output current, output voltage, efficiency, and system load characteristics as parameters.

21. The commutator power generator according to claim 16, wherein the rotation of the stator core is performed by being driven by an actuator.

22. The commutator power generator according to claim 21, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a rotation angle of the stator core with respect to a rotation speed of the rotor. apparatus.

2 3. The controller controls the rotor core position to 0 ° or near 0 ° in at least one of the state where the rotor speed is low or stopped, the speed is over a certain speed, and the load suddenly changes. The commutator power generator according to claim 22, wherein

24. The commutator power generator according to claim 22, wherein the table is created using at least one of output current, output voltage, efficiency, and system load characteristics as parameters.

2 5. The brush holder placed around the commutator with a gap in the actuator 17. The commutator power generator according to claim 16, wherein both the rotation of the brush driven by the actuator and the rotation of the stator core driven by the actuator are performed.

26. The commutation device according to claim 25, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a tape for the rotation angle between the brush and the stator core relative to the rotation speed of the rotor. Child generator.

27. The controller is in a state where the rotor speed is low or stopped, the speed is at or above a certain speed, and the brush position is at or near 0 ° at least one of sudden changes in load. 26. The commutator power generator according to claim 26, wherein the commutator power is controlled to a position.

28. The rectifier according to claim 26, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

29. The method according to claim 16, wherein at least one of the AC output terminal, the field circuit, and the rotor circuit connected to the brush is provided with a variable phase shift means.

30. The number of windings of the rotor winding is adjusted according to the relative relationship between the electromotive force induced by the transformer action induced in the rotor winding and the rust induced electromotive force due to rotation. The commutator power generator according to claim 16.

31. The commutator generator according to claim 29, wherein a variable phase shift means is connected to the field circuit by connecting a capacitor having a capacity for generating series resonance with the field winding.

3 2. An AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core, the commutator, and the brush are formed as an AC output power supply, and the AC output is supplied. A commutator power generator that rectifies the voltage from the power supply, compares it with a reference voltage using a comparator, and adjusts the voltage of the AC excitation power supply using the output of this comparator.

3 3. An AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core, the commutator, and the brush are formed as an AC output power supply, and the AC output is supplied. A commutator generator that compares the voltage from the power supply with the reference AC voltage using a comparator, and adjusts the voltage of the AC excitation power supply with the output of this comparator.

3 4. An AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding, the commutator, and the brush wound on the rotor core are formed as an AC output power supply. A commutator generator that compares the current from the power supply with the reference current using a comparator and adjusts the voltage of the AC excitation power supply using the output of the comparator.

35. The commutator power generator according to claim 32, wherein the same waveform corresponding to the voltage waveform of the AC excitation power supply is output from the AC output power supply.

36. The commutator power generator according to claim 16, wherein the AC output terminal or the AC output power supply is used as a UPS.

3 7. A power amplifier is applied to one input terminal to apply a voltage taken from the brush to the AC output terminal. The output terminal of this power amplifier is connected to the field winding, and the other input terminal of this power amplifier is 17. The commutator power generator according to claim 16, wherein the negative feedback input of the field winding terminal voltage is returned.

38. The rectifier according to claim 37, wherein the output of the AGC circuit provided at one input terminal of the power amplifier is controlled by a current value flowing from the brush to the AC output terminal. apparatus.

3 9. Commutator power generation, in which the rotor core is rotated and the rotor core is rotated with respect to the stator core, which is energized by winding the field winding, to extract power through the commutator and brush In the device,

Connect an AC power supply to the field winding,

Each commutator piece forming a commutator is arranged in a cylindrical shape with a skew in the axial direction, and the brush is configured to be movable along the axial direction relative to the rotor while contacting the brush with the commutator.

A commutator power generator, wherein an AC output terminal different from the AC power supply is connected to the brush.

40. The brush is characterized in that the brush is reciprocally movable along the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape with skew in the axial direction. A commutator generator according to item 39.

4 1. The skew angle of each commutator piece is determined by the number of commutator pieces that come into contact with this brush when the brush is moved within the axial movement range of the brush. 41. The commutator power generator according to claim 40, wherein the number is determined so that a difference of 90 degrees or more is generated at the electrical angle.

'4 2. The brush is axially moved by moving a brush holder arranged around the commutator via an air gap according to fluid pressure to a prime mover that generates rotational driving force. Item 40. The commutator power generator according to Item 40.

43. The commutator according to claim 40, wherein the brush is moved in the axial direction by driving a brush holder, which is disposed around the commutator via an air gap, with an actuator. Power generator.

44. The commutator power generator according to claim 43, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a brush axial movement position with respect to a rotation speed of the rotor.

45. The controller shall control the brush position to be the reference position for the axial movement position of the brush in at least one of the state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, the rotation speed is over a certain speed, and the load suddenly changes. The rectifier power generator according to claim 44, characterized by the following.

46. The rectifier according to claim 44, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

4 7. The skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end, and then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. 43. The commutator power generator according to claim 42, wherein:

48. The rotor is characterized in that it has a skew in the axial direction and is capable of reciprocating along the axial direction within the axial movement range of a commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape. 30. A commutator generator according to item 39.

4 9. The skew angle of each commutator piece is determined by rotating the rotor within the axial movement range of the rotor, and the number of commutator pieces that come into contact with the brush turns to the commutator piece. 49. The commutator power generator according to claim 48, wherein the number is determined so that a difference of 90 degrees or more occurs in an electric angle of the child winding.

50. The commutator according to claim 48, wherein the axial movement of the rotor is performed by moving the rotor in accordance with a fluid pressure to a prime mover that generates a rotational driving force.

51. The commutator power generator according to claim 48, wherein the axial movement of the rotor is performed by driving an actuator.

52. The commutator power generator according to claim 51, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of the axial movement position of the rotor with respect to the rotation speed of the rotor. .

5 3. The controller controls the rotor position so that the axial movement position of the rotor becomes the reference position in at least one of the state where the rotation number of the rotor is low or stopped, the number of rotations is more than a certain number, and the load suddenly changes. 33. The rectifier power generating apparatus according to claim 52, wherein:

54. The rectifier according to claim 52, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

5 5. The skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end, and then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. The commutator power generator according to claim 50, characterized in that:

5 6. The rotor and brush are configured to have a skew in the axial direction and to be able to reciprocate in the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape. The commutator power generator according to claim 39, characterized in that:

5 7. The skew angle of each commutator segment is determined by the number of commutator segments in contact with the brush when at least one of the brush and the rotor is moved within the axial movement range of the brush and the rotor. The commutator power generator according to claim 56, wherein the number is determined so that a difference of 90 degrees or more occurs in an electric angle of a rotor winding connected to the commutator piece.

5 8. The axial movement of at least one of the rotor and the brush depends on the fluid pressure on the prime mover that generates a rotational driving force by rotating at least one of the brush holders arranged around the rotor and the commutator with a gap. 57. The commutator power generator according to claim 56, wherein the commutator power generation is performed by moving the generator.

5 9. Both the axial movement of the brush driven by the actuator and the axial movement of the rotor driven by the actuator and the brush holder arranged around the commutator through the air gap are performed. The alignment according to claim 56, characterized by the following:

60. The commutator according to claim 59, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of relative axial movement positions of the brush and the rotor with respect to the rotation speed of the rotor. Child generator.

6 1. The controller determines that the relative axial movement position of at least one of the brush and the rotor is equal to the reference position in at least one of the state where the rotation number of the rotor is low or stopped, the rotation number is more than a certain number, and the load suddenly changes. Characterized by controlling The commutator power generator according to claim 60.

62. The rectifier according to claim 60, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

6 3. The skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end, and then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. The commutator power generation device according to claim 58, wherein the power generation device includes:

64. The commutator generator according to claim 39, wherein at least one of the AC output terminal and the field circuit connected to the brush is provided with a variable phase shift means.

65. The number of windings of the rotor winding is adjusted according to the relative relationship between the electromotive force induced by the transformer action induced in the rotor winding and the induced electromotive force caused by rotation. The commutator power generator according to claim 39.

6 6. A commutator power generation device that rotates the rotor core with the rotor winding wound on the stator core that is excited by winding the field winding to extract power through the commutator and brush. In place

Connect an AC power supply to the field winding,

6 7. The brush is characterized in that the brush is reciprocally movable along the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape with skew in the axial direction. Commutator power plant according to range 66.

6 8. The skew angle of each commutator segment is determined by the number of commutator segments in contact with the brush while the brush is moved within the axial movement range of the brush. The commutator power generation device according to claim 67, wherein the number is determined so as to have a difference of 90 degrees or more at the electrical angle.

69. The brush is axially moved by moving a brush holder arranged around a commutator through an air gap in accordance with fluid pressure to a prime mover that generates rotational driving force. Commutator power plant according to range 67.

70. The commutator power generator according to claim 67, wherein the brush is axially moved by driving a brush holder, which is disposed around the commutator via an air gap, with an actuator. apparatus.

71. The commutator power generator according to claim 70, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of a brush axial movement position with respect to a rotation speed of the rotor.

7 2. The controller shall control the brush position so that the axial movement position of the brush becomes the reference position in at least one of the state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, the rotation speed is over a certain speed, and the load suddenly changes. The rectifier power generator according to claim 71, characterized by the following.

73. The rectifier according to claim 71, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

7 4. The skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end, and then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. The commutator power generator according to claim 69, characterized in that:

75. The rotor is configured so that it can reciprocate along the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape with skew in the axial direction. Commutator power generator according to Item 66.

7 6. The skew angle of each commutator segment is determined by the number of commutator segments that come into contact with the brush while the rotor is moved within the axial movement range of the rotor. The commutator power generator according to claim 75, wherein the number is determined so that a difference of 90 degrees or more occurs in the electrical angle of the wire.

77. The commutator according to claim 75, wherein the axial movement of the rotor is performed by moving the rotor in accordance with a fluid pressure to a prime mover that generates a rotational driving force.

78. The commutator power generator according to claim 75, wherein the axial movement of the rotor is performed by being driven by an actuator.

79. The commutator power generator according to claim 78, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a table of the axial movement position of the rotor with respect to the rotation speed of the rotor. .

8 0. The controller must be in the rotor position where the axial movement position of the rotor becomes the reference position in at least one of the state where the rotation speed of the rotor is low or stopped, the number of rotations is more than a certain number, and the load suddenly changes. Control according to claim 79.

81. The rectifier according to claim 79, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

8 2. The skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end, and then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. 81. The commutator power generator according to claim 77, wherein:

8 3. The rotor and brush are configured to have a skew in the axial direction and to be able to reciprocate along the axial direction within the axial moving range of the commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape. The commutator power generator according to claim 66, wherein

8 4. The skew angle of each commutator segment is determined by the number of commutator segments in contact with the brush when at least one of the brush and the rotor is moved within the axial movement range of the brush and the rotor. 43. The commutator power generator according to claim 83, wherein the number is determined so that the number of electric angles of the rotor windings connected to the commutator pieces has a difference of 90 degrees or more.

8 5. The axial movement of at least one of the rotor and the brush depends on the fluid pressure to the prime mover that generates a rotational driving force by rotating at least one of the brush holders disposed around the rotor and the commutator with a gap. Claim Commutator power plant according to range 83.

8 6. Both the axial movement of the brush driven by the actuator and the axial movement of the rotor driven by the actuator and the brush holder arranged around the commutator via the air gap are performed. The rectifier power generator according to claim 83, characterized by the following.

87. The commutator according to claim 86, wherein the actuator is controlled by a controller having a brush for the relative axial movement position of the brush and the rotor with respect to the rotation speed of the rotor. Child generator.

8 8. The controller determines that the relative axial movement position of at least one of the brush and the rotor is at the reference position when the rotor speed is low or stopped, when the speed is over a certain speed, and when the load suddenly changes. The commutator power generation device according to claim 87, characterized in that the commutator power generation device is controlled such that:

89. The rectifier according to claim 87, wherein the table is created using at least one of an output current, an output voltage, an efficiency, and a system load characteristic as a parameter.

9 0. The skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end, and then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. The commutator power generator according to claim 85, characterized in that:

91. The commutator according to claim 66, wherein at least one of an AC output terminal, a field circuit, and a rotor circuit connected to the brush is provided with a variable phase shift means. Power generator.

9 2. The number of windings of the rotor winding is adjusted in accordance with the relative relationship between the induced electromotive force induced by the transformer action and the induced electromotive force caused by rotation in the rotor winding. The commutator power generator according to claim 66.

93. The commutator generator according to claim 64, wherein a capacitor having a capacity for generating series resonance with the field winding is connected to the field circuit to provide variable phase shift means.

9 4. An AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core and each commutator piece are skewed in the axial direction to form a cylinder. A rectifier and a brush moving axially relative to the commutator are formed as an AC output power supply, and the voltage from the AC output power supply is rectified and compared with a reference voltage by a comparator. A commutator generator that adjusts the voltage of the AC excitation power supply based on the output of the comparator.

9 5. An AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound on the stator core, and the rotor winding wound on the rotor core and each commutator piece are skewed in the axial direction to form a cylinder. An arrayed rectifier and a brush that moves axially relative to the commutator are formed as an AC output power supply, and a voltage between the AC output power supply and a reference AC voltage is compared by a comparator. A commutator generator that adjusts the voltage of the AC excitation power supply with the output of.

9 6. An AC excitation power supply is connected to the field winding wound around the stator core, and the rotor winding wound around the rotor core and each commutator piece are skewed in the axial direction to form a cylinder. An arrayed rectifier and a brush that moves axially relative to the commutator are formed as an AC output power supply, and the current from the AC output power supply is compared with a reference current by a comparator. A commutator generator that adjusts the voltage of the AC excitation power supply at the output.

97. The commutator power generator according to claim 94, wherein the same waveform corresponding to the voltage waveform of the AC excitation power supply is output from the AC output power supply.

98. The commutator power generator according to claim 39, wherein the AC output terminal or the AC output power supply is used as a UPS.

9 9. A power amplifier for applying a voltage taken from the brush to the AC output terminal to one input terminal is provided, the output terminal of the power amplifier is connected to the field winding, and the other input terminal of the power amplifier is connected to the other input terminal. The commutator power generator according to claim 39, wherein a negative feedback input of the field winding terminal voltage is returned.

100. The output control of the AGC circuit provided at one input terminal of the power amplifier is performed by a current value flowing from the brush to the AC output terminal.

1 0 1. A commutator that extracts power through a commutator and brushes by rotating a rotor core with a rotor winding against a stator core that is excited by winding a field winding. In the device,

An AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element,

The brush and the stator core contacting the commutator are configured to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the commutator relatively to each other,

A commutator power generator, wherein a circumferentially rotatable range is a range of a desired electrical angle with respect to a preset electrical angle reference position.

1 0 2. A commutator generator in which a rotor winding is wound around a stator core which is energized by winding a field winding and the rotor core is rotated to extract power through a commutator and a brush. In the device, An AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element,

A commutator power generator is characterized in that the range in which the rotation in the circumferential direction is possible is in the range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle.

1 0 3. In a commutator power generator in which a rotor winding is wound around a stator core which is excited by winding a field winding and the power is taken out through a commutator and a brush. ,

An AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element,

Each commutator piece that forms the commutator is arranged in a cylindrical shape with skew in the axial direction, and the brush can be moved along the axial direction relative to the rotor while the brush is in contact with the commutator. A commutator power generation device characterized by the above-mentioned. 10 4. The skew angle of each commutator piece can come into contact with this brush when the brush or commutator is moved or displaced within the relative axial movement range 內 of the brush and commutator. The number of the commutator pieces is an angle such that the number of the electric angles of the rotor windings connected to the commutator pieces corresponds to a difference of 90 degrees or more.

The commutator power generator according to item 103.

1 5. The skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end, and then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. The commutator power generator according to claim 103, characterized in that: 106. The brush and the commutator are configured to be relatively movable along the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape. The commutator power generator according to item 103.

107. The commutator power generator according to claim 103, wherein the movable range in the axial direction is in a range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle. 1 0 8. Commutator power generating device that takes out electric power via commutator and brush by rotating the rotor core with the rotor winding wound on the stator core that is excited by winding the field winding At

First and second AC power supplies are selectively connected to the field winding via a phase shift element and a first switch so as to be switchable;

A commutator power generator wherein a brush is connected to a first AC power supply via a connection destination of an output terminal and a second switch interlocked with the first switch. 109. The commutator power generator according to claim 108, wherein at least one of the connection destinations of the second AC power supply or the constant output terminal is UPS.

110. The commutator power generator according to claim 108, wherein a range in which the circumferential direction is rotatable is in a range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle. .

1 1 1. A commutator generator that extracts power through a commutator and a brush by rotating the rotor core with the rotor winding wound on the stator core that is excited by winding the field winding. At

Each commutator piece forming a commutator is arranged in a cylindrical shape with skew in the axial direction, and the brush can be moved along the axial direction relative to the rotor while the brush is in contact with the commutator. Configured to

A commutator power generator, wherein the brush is constantly connected to a first AC power supply via a connection destination of an output terminal and a second switch linked to the first switch. 11. The commutator power generator according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the connection destinations of the second AC power supply or the constant output terminal is a UPS.

1 13. The skew angle of each commutator piece is such that when either the brush or the commutator is moved within the relative axial movement range of the brush and the commutator, the commutator piece that can come into contact with this brush. Of the rotor winding connected to the commutator piece is an angle corresponding to a difference of 90 degrees or more in the electrical angle of the rotor winding. Commutator generator.

1 14. The skew of the commutator formed by each commutator piece is twisted clockwise in the circumferential direction of the commutator from one end in the axial direction of the commutator to the other end, and then twisted counterclockwise in the circumferential direction. The commutator power generator according to claim 11, characterized in that:

1 15. The brush and the commutator are characterized in that they are configured to be relatively movable along the axial direction within the axial movement range of the commutator in which each commutator piece is arranged in a cylindrical shape. 11. The commutator power generator according to item 1.

11. The commutator power generator according to claim 11, wherein the movable range in the axial direction is in a range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle. 1 17. The rotor winding is wound on the stator core, which is energized by winding the field winding. In the sub-generator, An AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element,

A commutator power generation device characterized in that the range in which the circumferential rotation is possible is approximately ± 90 degrees around an electrical angle of approximately 0 degrees.

1 1 8. Commutator that takes out electric power through commutator and brush by rotating rotor core forward and reverse with respect to stator core that is wound with field winding and excited with rotor winding In the power generator,

An AC power supply is connected to the field winding via a phase shift element,

A commutator power generator, wherein a movable range in the axial direction is a range of about ± 90 degrees centering on an electrical angle of about 0 degrees.

1/40

Fig. 1

Father Output end Commercial 0 0 AC power supply

2/40 Fig. 2