JP2001078410A - Magnet type multipolar generator, and portable wind- power generation unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an enough power, even in the case of a low wind-speed by winding respective two generating coils around each nonmagnetic frame, and by avoiding the reduction of the generating power of a magnet type multi generator which is caused by the attracting force generated when each magnet of its rotor and each salient pole of its stator are opposed to each other. SOLUTION: A rotor 2 is so formed as to be arranged radially on the outer periphery of a drum 13 made of a magnetic material eight neodymium permanent magnets 12 having a wedge-type section and as to fit a magnetic spacer made of a nonmagnetic material having a wedge-type section into the space between the respective adjacent magnets 12 to each other. A stator is so formed as to provide protrusively on the inner face of a cylindrical case 3 made of a soft-magnetic material each magnetic pole 4, where generating coils 4a, 4b are wound around a frame 14 made of a nonmagnetic material. Furthermore, the magnets 12 and the magnetic spacers 15 are opposed to the magnetic poles 4 with a small clearance between to generate a power by rotating a rotational shaft 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a small generator and a portable wind power generator incorporating the small generator. More specifically, the present invention has no power supply at home and abroad, outdoor, mountain huts, camping sites,
The present invention relates to a portable wind power generator that can be easily installed and moved on a remote island, a frontier, and the like, and an AC generator suitable for use in this device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Wind energy (E) is E = 0.5dAV.
³ (where d is the density of air (kg / m ³ ), A is the wind receiving area (m ² ), and V is the wind speed (m / sec)). By the way, according to Benz's law, one of the energy of wind
/ 3 is converted to electric power, which is multiplied by Cp (Bauer coefficient, usually 0.4) to generate electric power. Table 1 shows these factors.

[0003]

[Table 1]

The diameter of a wind turbine in a portable power generator is about 3 m, and the weight of the whole power generator is about 95 kg. The wind speed available for power generation is generally 4 m / sec.
It is said that it is over. From Table 1, a windmill with a diameter of 1 m is generated at a wind speed of 4 m / sec, and the converted power is 13 watts.
However, this power is not enough for practical use, for example, to turn on an electric lamp. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the characteristics of the generator so that sufficient power can be obtained even at a low wind speed.

Incidentally, a specific improvement of a wind power generator is known, for example, from Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-15990, and a vertical shaft bevel gear or a centrifugal clutch that meshes with a horizontal shaft bevel gear fixed to a horizontal shaft rotated by a wind turbine. The rotation of the windmill is transmitted to the satellite generator via the device. The satellite generator is operatively connected to respective clutch devices for strong, medium and strong winds.

As one type of generator, a generator composed of a permanent magnet rotor mounted on a rotating shaft of an engine or the like and an armature mounted on a case of the engine or the like is also known. The generator is provided with a large number of salient poles projecting radially in order to reduce the size and increase the output (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-289).
No. 46). This salient pole part is formed by laminating steel plates,
An electrode coil wound around an insulating bobbin integrally formed of a synthetic resin or the like is provided on the outer surface thereof.

[0007]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Because the wind power generator of No. 90 employs a complicated clutch mechanism to cover from weak wind to strong wind,
It is considered that the conversion efficiency of wind energy into electric power is reduced, and that it is difficult to use the portable wind power generator for generating light at a level required for human life by light wind. Further, in the generator disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-28946, when the N (S) pole of the permanent magnet of the rotor faces the salient pole, the iron plate is magnetized to the S (N) pole. Therefore, an attractive force is generated between the rotor and the salient poles, and as a result, the power generated by the generator during the low-speed operation is reduced.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention connects a plurality of magnetic poles made of a non-magnetic material and made of permanent magnets provided on the center side to a rotating shaft for rotating the magnetic poles. Wherein each of the power generating coils is wound around a non-magnetic material in a magnetic multipolar generator including a rotor and a plurality of power generating coils protruding inside a cylindrical case made of a soft magnetic material. And a portable wind turbine generator including the generator, a wind turbine connected to the rotating shaft thereof, and an AC stabilizing circuit and / or a DC converting circuit described below. . Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of a generator according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a rotating shaft connected to a power source such as a windmill, and 2a and 2b rotate at an angle of 90 ° to each other. A rotor that is pivotally mounted on the shaft 1 and is entirely made of a permanent magnet. 3 is a cylindrical case made of soft magnetic material,
4 at intervals, ie multiple coils 4a, 4 of rotor
b, 4c, and 4d are provided as salient poles. However, the winding of the power generation coil is illustrated only for 4a, and is not illustrated for the other power generation coils. Magnetic pole S of rotor 2a shown
Are opposed to the generating coils 4b, 4d, and four magnetic circuits are formed in a state where the magnetic pole N of the rotor 2b faces the generating coils 4a, 4b.

The voltage generated at one magnetic pole (4a, FIG. 2) is proportional to dφ / dt (where φ is the total amount of magnetic flux passing through the coil). In the figure, the rotor 2b starts to enter the magnetic circuit of the power generation coil 4a, the rotor 2b completes escape from the magnetic circuit of the power generation coil 4a, and the rotor 2b and the power generation coil 4a.
"a" indicates a state facing the front. With a structure in which the generating coil 4a is wound around a salient pole material 6 (FIG. 3) made of a soft magnetic material as in a conventional multipole magnet generator, the salient pole material 6 facing the N pole of the rotor 2b is An S-pole is generated, and as a result, the rotor is
The rotation of 2b is restricted, and the torque of the rotor decreases. Correspondingly, the change in the amount of magnetic flux passing through the coil dφ / d
t, the generated voltage (e) proportional thereto becomes smaller. This difficulty is conspicuous under conditions where the output of the power source is small and the torque is small, for example, under the condition that the output of the windmill is small due to the breeze, so in the present invention, as shown in FIG.
The power generation coil 4 is wound around a non-magnetic material 9 such as a resin.

Although the generated voltage has been described with reference to FIG. 2 focusing on the unipolar portion, the two-pole generator shown in FIG. 1 has a waveform in which two generated voltages are superimposed. The same is true for generators with more poles.

By connecting the rotating shaft 1 of the above-mentioned magnet type multi-pole generator to the wind turbine, and further conducting the winding 5 of the coil 4 and the rectifier 8, a direct current is taken out, and the load of an electric lamp, other electric equipment or the like is taken out. A current can be passed through (Fig. 5). If necessary, a charge controller 9 is interposed between the rectifier 8 and the load, and when the output of the generator is lower than a certain value, the battery 10 is discharged.
May charge 10

Further, according to the preferred portable wind turbine generator of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the center shaft 2a screwing the blade 10a of the wind turbine 10 is integrated with the center shaft 1 of the generator 20. By making it a body, the windmill 10 and the generator 20 are directly connected.
In the drawings, the shafts are integrated, but they may be directly connected by a joint or the like. Due to such a direct connection structure, power loss due to a clutch mechanism or the like provided therebetween is eliminated, and transport is facilitated because the mechanism is simple.
In the figure, reference numeral 10b denotes a hole located at the center of the blade 10a and engaged with the central shaft 2a, 11 denotes a bracket, and 12 denotes a nut.

The AC power obtained by the wind power generator is 100 V, 50 /
Although the frequency is designed to be 60 Hz, it is inevitable that the frequency and the voltage fluctuate considerably. Therefore, when power is supplied to an electric device that operates on AC, by providing an AC stabilization circuit, for example, about 94 to 107 V, 2-3 k
It is preferable to supply a stable power of VA. A known circuit such as an AC uninterruptible power supply can be used as such an AC stabilizing circuit. Furthermore, the wind speed is 4m /
A battery that supplies a direct current to the AC stabilizing circuit by detecting a slight wind or a no-wind condition that is reduced to less than sec can be additionally provided. The addition of a battery increases the weight of the entire wind power generator, but is more portable than measures such as providing a complicated clutch mechanism or providing a windmill for each wind speed. The detection of the above-mentioned light wind or no wind state can be performed by detecting that the generated power has dropped to 85 V or less.

[0015]

As in the case of the present invention, the bicycle generator belonging to the small AC generator has a running speed of about 400 at a normal running speed (15 km / h).
It is a field rotating type that rotates a permanent magnet (usually a ferrite) at 0 rpm, whereas the wind power generator of the present invention is a low-speed rotating type and has a low rotating torque but large power generation. Similarly, the required number of revolutions of the automotive generator (alternator) is about 1000 rpm or more and is a separately excited type using a rotor coil, whereas the required number of revolutions of the wind power generator of the present invention is about 500 rpm, and The rotation torque is much lower and it is self-excited. The wind power generator of the present invention can generate power from a low wind speed, and can be easily installed and moved in the places listed at the beginning. In addition, by providing the AC stabilizing circuit (claims 5 and 6), stable and high-quality power can be supplied. Further, by providing a DC conversion circuit (claims 4 and 6), DC equipment can be used. In addition, in this specification, although the example of application to a wind power generator is mainly described,
The generator can be applied to power generation that does not correspond to any of the above-described bicycles and automobiles. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, the basic elements of the generator according to the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIG. In the direct connection structure shown in FIG. 6, the number of blades 10a = 2, the diameter of blades 10a = 1.8 m,
Rotation speed of blade 10a = 340 rpm (wind speed 4 m / sec)
According to a preferred embodiment for obtaining a power generation of about 40 watts under the condition (1), FIG. 7 (a) is a front sectional view, and FIG.
The figure is a lower side / upper sectional view), in which eight wedge-shaped neodymium (Nd) magnets 12 are radially made of silicon steel,
A magnetic spacer 15 made of a non-magnetic material having a wedge-shaped cross section is fitted and fixed uniformly and radially around the magnetic material drum 13 such as an Fe-Co alloy, and in a gap between the magnets. are doing. If the magnetic spacer 15 and the drum 13 are made of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum, they can be integrated so that machining becomes easy. The magnetic spacer 15 may be omitted to form a gap. In this case, air which is a non-magnetic substance acts as the magnetic spacer 15. A non-illustrated key groove is provided at the center of the magnetic drum 13 to fix the non-magnetic rotating shaft 1 to the drum 13. The magnet 12 and the magnetic spacer 15 are provided over substantially the entire length of the generator. The magnetic pole 4 is composed of coils 4a and 4b in which a coil is wound 20 times in the horizontal direction in FIG. Therefore, the outer diameters of these coils and the length of the magnet 12 are substantially equal, and the neodymium magnet 12 and the magnetic spacer 15 are opposed to the coil 4 with a small gap. Generates power. 16 is a seal ring,
The rotating shaft 1 is sealed in a liquid-tight and slidable manner.

In the direct connection structure shown in FIG. 6, the generator operated under strong wind may be broken. Therefore, according to a more preferred portable wind power generator of the present invention, as shown in FIG. The direction can be deflected from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction in strong winds. That is, the balance weight 22 is suspended and fixed below the outer shell 21 that houses the case of the windward wind power generator 20, and the balance weight 22 is pivotally mounted on the support 23. Wind speed is about 15m /
At a wind speed of less than 10 sec, the weight of the wind turbine 10 and the generator 20 and the weight of the balance weight 22 balance to keep the wind turbine blades 10a perpendicular to the wind, while the wind speed is about 15
Under strong wind conditions exceeding m / sec, the wind turbine 10 and the generator 20
In addition, the balance weight 22 pivots around the support shaft 24 of the column 23 to keep the blades 10a of the wind turbine 10 horizontal to the wind, and the number of revolutions of the blades 10a is sharply reduced, so that the generator can be prevented from being destroyed. Reference numeral 25 denotes a lead for guiding the current from the generator 20, and reference numeral 26 denotes a wind baffle. In carrying, the windmill 10 is disassembled into two blades, and the other parts of the device are disassembled into the balance weight 22, the struts 23, and the air conditioner 26 and transported by truck or the like. These are fixed with thumb screws. The pillars 23 are buried in the ground or are based on a tripod or a gora assembled with an aluminum angle material to ensure safety under strong winds.

Next, an AC and DC stabilization circuit,
An embodiment of the present invention including a power supply circuit from a battery in a windless state will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG.
Is about 100V, 50 / 60Hz at the average wind speed of the installation location
A stable high-quality AC of about 101 V (increase / decrease = 6 V) and 2-3 kVA is supplied by using a wind power generator having an output characteristic of 3 and the three batteries 50, 51, 52 carried on the frame 70. In addition, a power generator that also supplies a direct current of 6 to 12 V and 10 A is shown. Note that the same components as those in FIG. 8 are indicated by the same reference numerals in FIG. FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of the circuit.
The current input to the input terminal 30 from the wind generator is 4
A non-fuse breaker 1 (NFB) that passes through a noise filter 31 that allows a current in the range of 7.5 to 52.5 Hz or 57 to 63 Hz to pass through and conducts (ON) in the middle wind condition
After 1), the rectifier 32 performs AC / DC conversion. If the converted power is within the range of 2-3 kVA, the current is converted to 50/60 Hz AC by the inverter 33, and the power is converted to 49.75-50.2.
After passing through a noise filter 35 that passes a current in the range of 5 Hz or 59.7 to 60.3 Hz, it is supplied to an electric device such as an electric light by turning on NFB2.

The control circuit 36 is a control circuit using a semiconductor memory and an IC logic circuit (CPU). The control circuit 36 is connected to the rectifier 32, detects that its output is 85 V or less, and supplies power from a battery described later. , And inverter 3
In step 3, a converted output current of 2-3 kVA is supplied to electric devices such as electric lights and radios. The control circuit 36 displays various states on the display panel 38 following the conduction (ON) of the electronic switches 34a and 34b.
9 and 40 are actuated so that each element 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, etc. are cooled. The batteries 41, 4
2, 43 are lead-acid batteries rated at 12V, 5A, 15W (one dimension is 125mm, 125mm, 440mm)
Can be used, and the battery is charged through the charger 37 as long as the generator is generating power regardless of the wind speed. 85
When a low wind or no wind occurs, the control circuit 36 detects this, and the over-discharge switch 44 and the boost circuit 45
From the batteries 41, 42, 43 through the inverter 3
Discharge to 3. The overdischarge switch 44 prevents the discharge from rendering the battery unable to be recharged, and the boost circuit 45 increases the voltage to 100V.

In the operation for outputting the AC, the non-fuse breaker NFB3 is cut off,
If you want to use DC electrical equipment, etc.
FB3 is turned on to supply power to DC electric equipment through a stabilized DC power supply. That is, first, the input filter circuit 50
, And then subjected to AC / DC conversion by an input rectifier circuit 51, inrush current control circuit 52 prevents inrush when DC electric equipment is turned on, and then AC component mixed with DC by input smoothing circuit 53. When the overcurrent detection circuit detects that the output voltage greatly exceeds 12 V, the drive circuit 56 is activated, and then the power switch circuit 57 in which the power switch circuit 57 is automatically turned on is activated. , A direct current smoothed by an output rectifying and smoothing circuit 59 through a converter 58 is output. The overvoltage detection circuit 61 detects that this output exceeds 12 V, and activates the control circuit 60 to control the output to 12 V. Reference numeral 62 denotes a capacitor that passes an AC component of the output DC and returns the AC component to the input filter 62.

[0021]

According to the above-described wind power generator according to the present invention, electric power required for electric lights, heaters, radios, etc. necessary for human life, for example, 1 to 3 kVVA, is generated under wind conditions of 4 to 15 m / sec. It can be used in combination with a battery, even in light or no wind conditions.
V, 2-3 KVA of power.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of a generator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the operation of a rotor near a single pole of a generator of the present invention, the amount of magnetic flux (Φ) penetrating a coil, a change in magnetic flux (dΦ / dt), and a generated voltage.

FIG. 3 is a diagram and a graph showing characteristics similar to those of FIG. 2 for a conventional generator.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a magnetic pole of the present invention in which a coil is wound around a non-magnetic material.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the portable wind turbine generator of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a wind turbine-generator direct connection structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a front sectional view (a) and an upper side sectional view-a lower side view of the generator according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a side view of a wind power generator provided with a balance weight.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a portable wind turbine using a battery.

10 is a block diagram of an electric circuit of the portable wind turbine generator of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1-Rotating shaft 2-Rotor 3-Cylindrical case 4-Power generation coil 6- Salient pole material 8-Rectifier 9-Charge controller 10-Windmill 12-Nd magnet 14-Non-magnetic frame 15-Magnetic spacer 20-Power generation Machine 30-input terminal 31-noise filter 32-rectifier 33-inverter 34-electronic switch 35-noise filter 36-control circuit 37-charger 38-display panel 39,40-fan 41,42,43-battery 45-boost Circuit 50-Input filter circuit 51-Input current limiting circuit 52-Inrush current control circuit 53-Input smoothing circuit 55-Control circuit 56-Drive circuit 57-Power switch circuit 62-Capacitor

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A rotor connected to a rotation shaft made of a non-magnetic material provided at a center side and rotating a plurality of magnetic poles made of a permanent magnet, and a rotor protruding inside a cylindrical case made of a soft magnetic material. And a plurality of power generating coils, wherein each of the power generating coils is wound around a non-magnetic material. 2. The magnetic multipolar generator according to claim 1, wherein said permanent magnet is a neodymium magnet. 3. The permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein said permanent magnets are radially arranged and fixed on the outer periphery of a cylinder made of a magnetic material or a non-magnetic material, and a gap between adjacent permanent magnets is made non-magnetic. Or the magnetic multipolar generator according to 2. 4. A rotor connected to a rotation shaft made of a non-magnetic material provided at a center side and rotating a plurality of magnetic poles made of a permanent magnet, and protruding inside a cylindrical case made of a soft magnetic material. A plurality of power generation coils, and a magnetic multi-pole generator in which each power generation coil is wound around a non-magnetic material,
A windmill connected to the rotating shaft of the magnetic multipolar generator,
And a DC conversion circuit for converting AC output from the magnet type multipolar generator into DC. 5. A rotor connected to a rotating shaft made of a non-magnetic material and provided on the center side for rotating a plurality of magnetic poles made of a permanent magnet, and protruding inside a cylindrical case made of a soft magnetic material. A plurality of power generation coils, and a magnetic multi-pole generator in which each power generation coil is wound around a non-magnetic material,
A windmill connected to the rotating shaft of the magnetic multipolar generator,
And a AC stabilizing circuit for stabilizing an AC output from the magnet type multipolar generator. 6. A rotor connected to a rotation shaft made of a non-magnetic material and provided on a center side for rotating a plurality of magnetic poles made of a permanent magnet, and protruding inside a cylindrical case made of a soft magnetic material. A plurality of power generation coils, and a magnetic multi-pole generator in which each power generation coil is wound around a non-magnetic material,
A windmill connected to the rotating shaft of the magnetic multipolar generator,
A DC conversion circuit that converts AC output from the magnet type multipolar generator into DC and an AC stabilization circuit that stabilizes AC, and switches between the DC conversion circuit and the AC stabilization circuit to conduct to the output of the power generator. A portable wind power generator, comprising: 7. The portable wind turbine generator according to claim 4, wherein the DC conversion circuit includes a stabilization circuit, and an output of the DC conversion circuit is about 6 to 12 V. 8. An output from said magnetic multipolar generator is a first
The portable wind turbine generator according to claim 4 or 6, further comprising a battery for detecting a light wind or a windless state that has dropped below a predetermined value and supplying a direct current. 9. The portable wind turbine generator according to claim 8, wherein the first predetermined value is about 85V, and an output of the AC stabilization circuit is about 115V. 10. The portable wind turbine generator according to claim 4, wherein a rotating shaft of the wind turbine is directly connected to a rotating shaft of the magnet type multipolar generator. 11. A balance weight fixed to a lower portion of an outer shell body for accommodating the cylindrical case of the magnet type multipolar generator and pivotally attached to a support post, and in a light wind condition, the balance weight of the wind turbine is reduced. A safety mechanism is provided to keep the blades horizontal to the wind by keeping the blades vertical to the wind, and in strong wind conditions, the windmill, generator and balance weight pivot around the support shaft of the support column. 4. The method according to claim 4, wherein
The portable wind turbine generator according to any one of 0 to 0. 12. The portable wind turbine generator according to claim 4, wherein eight neodymium magnets are used as magnetic poles. 13. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein said rotor is a cylinder made of a magnetic material, and said permanent magnets are radially arranged and fixed on an outer periphery thereof, and a gap between adjacent magnets is made non-magnetic. The portable wind power generator according to any one of items 4 to 12.