WO2004028140A1 - Procédé de marquage spatial à modulation asymétrique robuste à un sous échantillonnage spatial - Google Patents
Procédé de marquage spatial à modulation asymétrique robuste à un sous échantillonnage spatial Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004028140A1 WO2004028140A1 PCT/IB2003/004178 IB0304178W WO2004028140A1 WO 2004028140 A1 WO2004028140 A1 WO 2004028140A1 IB 0304178 W IB0304178 W IB 0304178W WO 2004028140 A1 WO2004028140 A1 WO 2004028140A1
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- Prior art keywords
- spatial marking
- spatial
- marking
- resolution
- points
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
- H04N1/32208—Spatial or amplitude domain methods involving changing the magnitude of selected pixels, e.g. overlay of information or super-imposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32309—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations in colour image data
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/3269—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of machine readable codes or marks, e.g. bar codes or glyphs
- H04N2201/327—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of machine readable codes or marks, e.g. bar codes or glyphs which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S283/00—Printed matter
- Y10S283/902—Anti-photocopy
Definitions
- the general field concerns a signal and image processing technique making it possible to conceal information invisibly in digital (image, video, sound) or analog (printed) media.
- An asymmetrically modulated digital spatial marking is an extension of conventional digital watermarks. This extension makes it possible in particular to cover printed media by offering a solution for invisibly printing a digital spatial marking on a medium of uniform color with visible color ink.
- the field of application concerns the security of printed documents and packaging against counterfeiting and falsification.
- fluorescent inks become very bright when they are lit by a particular wavelength, some inks are even invisible to natural light, other inks change color according to their orientation or their temperature (and can be reveal by heating the paper with a finger), etc.
- Special inks have in common that they are particularly expensive and require modifications to be made in the usual industrial production chain (additional mask for offset for example).
- additional mask for offset for example.
- Codes using invisible inks allow digital information to be hidden.
- These codes can be characters, bar codes, 2D codes, etc.
- this system has two major drawbacks.
- the codes used due to the nature of the codes used, it is located on a certain part of the document or of the packaging and it is therefore possible to destroy it without altering the entire surface.
- the codes used always have geometric characteristics (bars, geometric figures, characters, etc.) clearly identifying them as anti-copy devices. This greatly facilitates the task of the pirate seeking to reveal and reproduce the ink.
- he ipso facto has the means to reproduce the code.
- systems based on on-board memories or processors combine the disadvantages of being very expensive, unattractive and localized. Their main application is more to secure a communication, or to dynamically store information rather than to distinguish an original from a copy.
- the digital watermark technique also known as digital watermarking, is a technique used to hide information in a robust and imperceptible way in multimedia data such as music, video, images, documents, etc.
- the information that is hidden is called the signature.
- This signature can for example be a number, a name or even an image.
- Many publications have been made on the various techniques allowing to hide a watermark in an image, in a video or an audio signal. As far as images are concerned, these can be classified according to the technique used for marking: some operate modifications directly in the spatial domain (see for example [1] M. Kutter, F. Jordan, F.
- the present invention describes a method enabling this constraint to be overcome and therefore making it possible to use a low resolution scanner (or any other optical acquisition method) to detect a high resolution printed spatial marking.
- a low resolution scanner or any other optical acquisition method
- it allows for example to print a spatial marking at 600 dpi (resolution compatible with industrial printers) and to detect it at 200 dpi (resolution compatible with industrial scanners).
- a spatial marking appears as a point cloud with pseudo-random spatial distribution.
- printing resolution is defined on the basis of the effective size of the spatial marking once printed in relation to its size in pixels, and not as the maximum resolution of dots per unit of length that can be provided by l 'printer.
- the size of the points has a diameter of the order of 1 / d.
- a digitization of these points can be accomplished with a scanner having a resolution of the size of the printed points being identical to the resolution of the digitizer, it is possible to discriminate them (the bottom point is located to the right of the top point). In the case of digitization carried out at a lower resolution (for example two times lower), such discrimination is theoretically impossible. In this case, we see that the digitizer digitizes the two points as belonging to the same line.
- one solution consists in spacing the dots so as to compensate exactly for the difference in resolution between printing and scanning. In this case, additional empty lines have been inserted allowing a vertical spacing of the points of 2 / d.
- the notable advantage of this invention is that it makes it possible to detect spatial marking with the numerous systems based on low-resolution digital scanners. This is particularly the case for high speed scanners used for paper documents (checks, bank transfers, etc.) but also for certain card readers.
- the ratio between the print resolution and the read resolution is typically between 2 and 5.
- Another advantage of the system is that it makes it possible to increase the invisibility of spatial marking by using the following two phenomena: • Reduction in the size of the points
- Figure 1 Representation of the signal and the area scanned by a scanner with a resolution twice lower than the size of the points.
- Figure 2 Representation of the signal and the area scanned by a scanner of resolution identical to the size of the points.
- Figure 3 Using a lower scanning resolution than printing.
- Figure 4 Illustration of the change in spacing for the vertical and horizontal dimension.
- Figure 5 Diagram of the process allowing to obtain a spatial marking on sampled and eroded.
- Figure 6 Diagram of the implementation of the modified spatial marking for printing and detection.
- Figure 8 Representation of the acquisition by a scanner of a spatial marking
- Figure 9 Illustration of a self-correlated spatial marking
- Figure 1 illustrates a scanner band with a resolution lower than the resolution of the PC points applied to this LN band.
- the scanner is active on a 2 / d resolution LN tape, which is half the print resolution 1 / d.
- the scanner has a resolution 1 / d equivalent to the resolution of the print. Reading the first line LN1 and the second line LN2 makes it possible to detect the PC points of this spatial marking without problem.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a spatial marking printed with a resolution 1 / d (the resolution of the PC points). The size of the PC point is half the 2 / d bandwidth of acquisition of a scanner.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the result of printing a spatial marking
- FIG. 4a being the basic spatial marking
- FIG. 4b being the printed spatial marking.
- the two spatial markings have the same number of points.
- This example is based on a printing report on scanner resolution of 3. It can be seen that the area used by the basic spatial marking 4a is 3 times smaller than the printed spatial marking 4b. At the same time, each printed dot is spaced at least 2 unprinted dots.
- a method of carrying out the invention is based on a post-processing method of a spatial marking image illustrated by the diagram in Figure 5.
- a standard spatial marking with pseudo-random distribution of size XxY is first generated . The latter is then oversampled binary by a factor n in its horizontal and vertical dimensions by a first module ST1.
- Digitization with a d2 resolution of the post-processed spatial marking leads to a decrease in the contrast between the digitized points and the background which depends on the ratio n.
- the method described above can be generalized to cases of anisotropic treatment of spatial marking.
- the resolutions used for scanning and printing are different in the x and y directions.
- This method acts independently on each of these dimensions, it can be applied directly.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the process for preparing a spatial marking according to the invention.
- FIG. 7a shows the basic spatial marking at a resolution d
- the first step is the step of oversampling as a function of the resolution on scanner.
- the resolution in x is four times (n) lower and the resolution in y is three times (ni) lower than that of printing.
- Figure 7c illustrates an alternative which consists in choosing only one of the points according to its position.
- the point retained is that at the bottom left.
- the resulting spatial marking necessarily includes points spaced apart so that only one point is taken during an acquisition at the maximum resolution of the scanner.
- the operation of the scanner is illustrated in FIG. 8. Its operation is essentially asynchronous and each acquisition area does not necessarily correspond with the division of the spatial marking during printing. An acquisition zone is illustrated by a dotted line. We note that for a given area, there remains only one spatial marking point which authorizes an effective treatment.
- Designing the spatial marking means determining which points should be printed and which should reveal the background of the document.
- This design takes into account the method used for decoding.
- the decoding of spatial marking requires the use of its autocorrelation, intercorrelation and statistical correlation properties with the encoded data respectively to compensate for the geometric affine transformations, translations and possible noise of the signal.
- the autocorrelation and correlation properties are defined during the design of the spatial marking and must take into account the desired level of subsampling.
- the points encode binary information according to a spectrum spreading process and these points are also chosen so that the image obtained has autocorrelation properties (see for example M. Kutter, F. Jordan, F. Bossen, "Digital watermaking of color images using amplitude modulation", Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 7, n ° 2, pp. 326-332, April 1998).
- the paragraphs below describe an embodiment of a method for designing a spatial marking correlated to binary information and an autocorrelated spatial marking.
- ⁇ x, y ⁇ be a set of points chosen pseudo randomly (on the basis of a key) among all the points of the image X x Y and k an index identifying each of the coordinates ⁇ x, y ⁇ of these points.
- a (k) be a pseudo-random generator defined by a second key and giving values ⁇ - 1, 1 ⁇ .
- v be a color between 0 (black / color) and 1 (white).
- c (k) be the final color of point k of the spatial marking. The following formula is then applied:
- Designing an autocorrelated spatial marking A method allowing to obtain a spatial marking presenting an autocorrelation property consists in designing the digital image of the spatial marking by duplicating 4 times the set of points ⁇ x, y ⁇ . This duplication can be done by translating all the points according to 4 vectors defined by (0,0), (0, S), (S, 0),
- One method consists in carrying out the translation using a modulo on the size of the image.
- the following formulas illustrate the modulo method for the horizontal coordinate x:
- the autocorrelation thus introduced is used to compensate for a geometric transformation of the affine type possibly produced by the digital acquisition of the spatial marking.
- the decoding of the signal is made difficult because the subsampling produced by the low resolution scanning results in a decrease in the contrast between the dots and the background color, this further decreasing contrast with the square of n.
- Two solutions are used to compensate for this reduction in the signal to noise ratio: o Increase in coding redundancy
- the coding redundancy is defined by the following formula:
- This filtering can take into account the characteristics of a graphic possibly printed on the support. It can be achieved by using compensation based on a uniform color or by a prediction of the media colors before printing the graphics. Such a prediction can be carried out by a denoising filter (of the Wiener type for example).
- the present invention can be directly generalized to the detection of non-optical properties of points (electrical, magnetic, position in depth / height).
- the digital acquisition process of the spatial marking of a surface can also be completely dissociated from the digital processing process allowing this marking to be detected. For example, it is possible to digitally photograph a marked surface and send the image by network to a remote computer which performs the detection. The result of this detection can also be returned to the operator.
- the development of mobile phones with low resolution cameras makes the process of the invention very attractive.
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- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Complex Calculations (AREA)
- Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Analogue/Digital Conversion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Laser Beam Printer (AREA)
- Manufacturing Optical Record Carriers (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200331483T SI1433305T1 (sl) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-19 | Postopek za prostorsko označitev z robustno asimetrično modulacijo s prostorskim prevzorčenjem |
DK03797490T DK1433305T3 (da) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-19 | Fremgangsmåde til rumlig mærkning med asymmetrisk modulation, der er robust over for en rumlig undersampling |
US10/527,706 US7492920B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-19 | Method for robust asymmetric modulation spatial marking with spatial sub-sampling |
AU2003260917A AU2003260917A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-19 | Method for robust asymmetric modulation spatial marking with spatial sub-sampling |
EP03797490A EP1433305B1 (fr) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-19 | Procede de marquage spatial a modulation asymetrique robuste a un sur-echantillonnage spatial |
DE60324516T DE60324516D1 (de) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-19 | Verfahren für robustes räumliches asymmetrisches modulationsmarkieren mit räumlicher überabtastung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1595/02 | 2002-09-20 | ||
CH01595/02A CH695718A5 (fr) | 2002-09-20 | 2002-09-20 | Procédé de génération et d'application sur un support d'un marquage spatial numérique. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004028140A1 true WO2004028140A1 (fr) | 2004-04-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2003/004178 WO2004028140A1 (fr) | 2002-09-20 | 2003-09-19 | Procédé de marquage spatial à modulation asymétrique robuste à un sous échantillonnage spatial |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7492920B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1433305B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE413771T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003260917A1 (fr) |
CH (1) | CH695718A5 (fr) |
CY (1) | CY1109802T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60324516D1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK1433305T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2316864T3 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1433305E (fr) |
SI (1) | SI1433305T1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004028140A1 (fr) |
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US7688993B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2010-03-30 | Nanyang Technological University | Software and method for embedding data in two color images |
-
2002
- 2002-09-20 CH CH01595/02A patent/CH695718A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-09-19 AU AU2003260917A patent/AU2003260917A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-19 DK DK03797490T patent/DK1433305T3/da active
- 2003-09-19 US US10/527,706 patent/US7492920B2/en active Active
- 2003-09-19 DE DE60324516T patent/DE60324516D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-19 WO PCT/IB2003/004178 patent/WO2004028140A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-19 EP EP03797490A patent/EP1433305B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-19 AT AT03797490T patent/ATE413771T1/de active
- 2003-09-19 PT PT03797490T patent/PT1433305E/pt unknown
- 2003-09-19 ES ES03797490T patent/ES2316864T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-19 SI SI200331483T patent/SI1433305T1/sl unknown
-
2009
- 2009-01-30 CY CY20091100115T patent/CY1109802T1/el unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0789480A2 (fr) * | 1996-02-08 | 1997-08-13 | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) | Système réstrictif à copier |
WO1997040619A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-23 | 1997-10-30 | Charney, Leon, H. | Systeme et procede d'identification de document produit par un logiciel pirate |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013103613B3 (de) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-09-18 | Cüneyt Göktekin | Erzeugung und Erkennung von fälschungssicher druckbaren Bildinformationsdaten |
WO2014166837A1 (fr) | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-16 | Cüneyt Göktekin | Production et reconnaissance de données d'informations d'images imprimables infalsifiables |
US9681020B2 (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2017-06-13 | Cüneyt Göktekin | Creation and identification of unforgeable printable image information data |
EP4328879A1 (fr) | 2022-08-26 | 2024-02-28 | Alpvision SA | Systèmes et procédés de prédiction de la détectabilité d'authentification d'articles contrefaits |
WO2024042240A1 (fr) | 2022-08-26 | 2024-02-29 | Alpvision S.A. | Systèmes et procédés de prédiction de la détectabilité d'authentification d'articles contrefaits |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK1433305T3 (da) | 2009-02-23 |
SI1433305T1 (sl) | 2009-04-30 |
EP1433305B1 (fr) | 2008-11-05 |
ES2316864T3 (es) | 2009-04-16 |
EP1433305A1 (fr) | 2004-06-30 |
ATE413771T1 (de) | 2008-11-15 |
AU2003260917A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
CH695718A5 (fr) | 2006-07-31 |
PT1433305E (pt) | 2009-01-29 |
US20060147082A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
CY1109802T1 (el) | 2014-09-10 |
US7492920B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 |
DE60324516D1 (de) | 2008-12-18 |
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