WO2004017011A2 - Method of making a frangible non-toxic projectile - Google Patents
Method of making a frangible non-toxic projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004017011A2 WO2004017011A2 PCT/US2003/025188 US0325188W WO2004017011A2 WO 2004017011 A2 WO2004017011 A2 WO 2004017011A2 US 0325188 W US0325188 W US 0325188W WO 2004017011 A2 WO2004017011 A2 WO 2004017011A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- core
- frangible
- projectile
- making
- toxic
- Prior art date
Links
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000981 bystander Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B30/00—Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used
- F42B30/02—Bullets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/06—Shaping thick-walled hollow articles, e.g. projectiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of projectiles for firearms and, in particular, to the field of frangible, non-toxic projectiles'fbr firearms.
- One measure of the ability of a projectile to penetrate or stop an object may be its kinetic energy.
- the higher a projectile's kinetic energy, the greater the ability of the projectile to penetrate or stop an object, Kinetic energy (KE) is proportional to one-half of the product of the mass of a projectile and the square of its velocity, or KE 1 mv 2 .
- the kinetic energy of a projectile may thus be maximized by raising its velocity or its mass, or both.
- velocity may be a logical first parameter upon which to focus.
- the velocity of a projectile is largely a function of the firearm from which it is fired, and is largely independent of the projectile itself. This. leaves the projectile's mass as the only easily variable parameter.
- the mass of a projectile is a product of the projectile's volume and the density of the material from which it is made. The volume of a projectile is limited by the length of the chamber and the caliber of the firearm, which leaves the projectile's density. The kinetic energy of a projectile may therefore be maximized by maximizing its density.
- Lead is often chosen as a material from which to form projectiles because it is relatively dense. Lead, furthermore, is soft and deforms easily. The deformability of lead may result in expansion of the projectile on impact, so-called "mushrooming". Mushrooming enhances the stopping power of projectiles.
- Other dense materials that may be used to make projectiles are tungsten and depleted uranium. Tungsten is relatively expensive, however, and both lead and depleted uranium may be toxic.
- Projectiles are often jacketed or coated with an outer layer of copper or other material to protect the barrel from damage or fouling. Jacketed projectiles can be made in "soft point” or “hollow point” configurations to facilitate "mushrooming" of the projectile and maximizing its stopping power.
- a method of making a frangible, non-toxic projectile in which substantially pure bismuth metal is melted, a quantity of the bismuth metal is poured into a mold, the bismuth metal is cooled to form a substantially crystalline or poly-crystalline bismuth core, the core is swaged in a profile die having a bleed hole, and the core is. electroplated thereafter.
- the swaging step may eliminate substantially a surface irregularity.
- the bleed hole may have a diameter of about 0.020 inch to about 0.038 inch in diameter.
- a projectile is formed of a core of substantially crystalline or poly-crystalline bismuth electroplated with copper or an alloy of copper.
- the projectile may be releasably disposed in a cartridge along with a propellant and a primer, in which the primer ignites the propellant upon contact with a firing pin.
- the cartridge may itself be releasably disposed within a barrel of a firearm.
- FIGs. 1 A through 1 N show some steps of a process for making a frangible, non-toxic projectile according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a projectile for a firearm according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 3 shows a cartridge for a firearm according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 4 shows a firearm for use with an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 5 shows an unbled core for use with an embodiment of the invention
- Figs. 6A and 6B show a core being bled according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 7A shows a projectile shattering according to an embodiment of the invention.
- a projectile Since the kinetic energy of a projectile may be maximized for a projectile that is made of a dense material, it would be desirable for a projectile to be made of a relatively inexpensive, non-toxic, and dense material.
- a projectile Since there may be a risk of collateral damage associated with a projectile that ricochets, it would be desirable for a projectile to be made of a relatively inexpensive, non-toxic, dense and frangible material. A frangible projectile may break up upon impact with a hard surface, thus reducing or eliminating the risk that the projectile will ricochet off a hard surface or penetrate too deeply. [0018] Since it would be desirable for a projectile to be made of a relatively inexpensive, non-toxic, dense and frangible material, it would be desirable for a projectile to be made of substantially pure bismuth. It would further be desirable for a substantially pure bismuth core to contain no more than trace amounts of naturally- occurring elements, which may be toxic.
- a substantially pure bismuth core it would further be desirable for a substantially pure bismuth core to contain less than about 100 ppm of impurities, which also may be toxic. It would further be desirable for a substantially pure bismuth core to contain essentially no naturally-occurring trace elements besides bismuth.
- Molten bismuth may be poured in a mold to form a projectile or a projectile core. Molten bismuth, however, may tend to be relatively liquid and water-like, and of a thin consistency. When molten bismuth is poured into a mold, the molten bismuth may have a tendency to splash. Molten bismuth may trap air between the molten bismuth and a surface of the mold if it splashes.
- Trapped air may produce one or more creases or folds in the solidified core.
- a fold may produce a noticeable defect in the surface of the plating, requiring that the projectile be scrapped.
- a fold that occurs near the heel of a projectile may degrade projectile accuracy.
- moisture may be trapped in a fold.
- Trapped moisture may be converted to steam while the core is being electroplated or heat-dried.
- the steam may escape, rupturing the plating.
- the steam may also weaken the electrolytic bond between the core and the plating.
- the steam may cause discoloration of the plating. It would be desirable if the size or the incidence of folds or creases could be reduced or eliminated before a core is electroplated.
- a core may be swaged in a profile on bleed die to size a core before electroplating. If the pressure required to swage the core is high enough, it may close folds left on the surface of the core.
- a bleed hole may be located in the side of the bleed die. Some of the bismuth may bleed off, ⁇ _e_ extrude out through the bleed hole while a core is being swaged, thus reducing the size and weight of the core. Since a portion of the bismuth core may be extruded through the bleed hole during the swaging process, the pressure required to swage or fully form the core may be related to the force required to extrude bismuth through the bleed hole. In particular, the pressure required to swage the core may be related to the smallest diameter, the smallest area, or the surface resistance of the bleed hole.
- a profile die may be made of a relatively hard material such as tungsten- carbide.
- a bleed hole of a small diameter may be difficult to drill in a hard material.
- a standard size bleed hole of the type used in the industry to bleed a lead or lead- antimony bullet core may have a diameter of about 0.050 inch to about 0.062 inch.
- a bleed hole of this diameter may not allow much in-die pressure to develop, especially when attempting to bleed core materials that are harder than lead or lead alloy. If bismuth is being extruded it may extrude too easily for a significant amount of in-die pressure to develop. In particular, the pressure may be insufficient to cause the folds to close up completely. In effect, the core may be bled to weight before the bismuth lying near the exterior surface can be rearranged materially.
- a bismuth core may be inserted into a metal jacket.
- a jacket may be made of copper or a copper alloy, such as an alloy of 95% copper and 5% zinc.
- a copper alloy jacket may tend to flatten rather than breaking up on impact. Such a jacket may be too thick or tough to fragment into small pieces.
- copper and its alloys may be malleable, it may protect the bismuth core from breaking up as well. It would be desirable for a copper or copper alloy jacket to break up on impact, along with the bismuth core.
- electroplating may have certain advantages over a conventional projectile jacket when combined with pure bismuth, such as an ability to fill in the flats and angles on the surface of crystalline or poly-crystalline bismuth.
- the chemical bond formed between the cladding and the bismuth core by electroplating may produce a more frangible projectile than a conventional jacketed projectile, since a conventional projectile jacket may have a propensity to flatten on impact instead of breaking apart. A flattening jacket may thus impede fragmentation of the core.
- a chemical bond between an electroplated coating and a bismuth core may be strong enough to break the coating up into small pieces at the same time the core breaks up when the projectile strikes an object, such as a steel backstop. It would thus be desirable for a coating to be electroplated on a bismuth core.
- Fig. 1 a process for making a frangible, non-toxic projectile according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- substantially pure bismuth metal may be heated to a temperature above its melting temperature (271.3° C, 520.3° F) until it melts.
- a quantity of the molten bismuth may be poured into a mold 122, which may have a cavity 124 of generally ogival shape.
- cavity 124 may have a spherical, oblong, ovoid, cylindrical, conical, frustoconical or ellipsoid shape.
- a fold 152 may form in a surface of core 118, as shown in Fig. 5.
- the solidified bismuth core 118 may be inserted in a profile die 126 which may also have a profile of generally ogival shape.
- Profile die 126 may have a bleed hole 128. There may be more than one bleed hole 128.
- Bismuth core 118 may be swaged in profile die 126 using pressure sufficient to force bismuth core 118 to assume the shape of profile die 126. Some of the bismuth may bleed off while bismuth core 118 is being swaged. In one embodiment, about three to about twelve grains of bismuth metal may be bled off. The bismuth extruded through bleed hole 128 may form a bleed wire 129.
- Bleed wire 129 may be removed from core 118. In one embodiment, bleed wire 129 is removed by shearing it off core 118.
- bleed hole 128 may be formed in profile die 126 with an electronic discharge machine (EDM).
- EDM may form a bleed hole 128 of 0.020 inch diameter.
- a bleed hole 128 of about 0.020 inch diameter internal may increase the die pressure developed during swaging and close or eliminate fold 152 in the surface of the bismuth core.
- a diameter of the bleed hole may vary between about 0.020 inch and about 0.032 inch. In one embodiment, the diameter of the bleed hole depends on the size of the core.
- bismuth core 118 may be rearranged sufficiently during the swaging process to close fold 152.
- bisrnuth core 118 may be prepared for electroplating by cleaning it in a detergent bath 144 to remove contaminants and surface residue. A clean surface may be important for effective electroplating. Detergent residue left from the cleaning process may then be rinsed off. [0034] As shown in Figs. 1G through 1 J, bismuth core 118 may then be placed in an acid activation tank 146, rinsed, and immersed in a cyanide strike bath 148. Bismuth core 118 may then be rinsed further and immersed in an acid-copper bath 132.
- Bismuth core 118 may be connected to a cathode 134 of a voltage source, and a voltage may be applied across the acid-copper bath 132 by immersing a corresponding anode 136 in the bath 132 for a period of between about seven and about fourteen hours.
- the electroplating process may proceed until bismuth core 118 is substantially completely covered with a coating 120 of copper, forming a projectile 114.
- bismuth core 118 may be substantially completely covered with a coating 120 of brass, german silver, tin, bronze, or aluminum.
- the cathode 134 and the anode 136 may be reversed in the case of some coatings 120, depending on the electrical potential of the coating 120 relative to that of the bismuth.
- core 118 may be anodized.
- Coating 120 may have a thickness between about 0.005 inch and about
- a tarnish inhibitor 154 may be applied to the projectile 114, after which it may be dried in a dryer 156.
- projectile 114 may be swaged in a second profile die 138 to force it to assume a desired final shape and size, after which it may be tumble-polished in a barrel 150 containing polishing media 151. Projectile 114 may then be inspected and packaged.
- Fig. 6A a core 218 being bled in a profile die 226 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- Profile die 226 has a bleed hole 228 through which a bleed wire 229 may be extruded.
- a knockout punch 230 is shown ejecting core 218 after it has been bled.
- FIG. 2 a projectile 114. for a firearm according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- a core 118 of projectile 114 may be formed of substantially pure crystalline or poly-crystalline bismuth.
- core 118 of projectile 114 may be formed of substantially pure crystalline or poly-crystalline bismuth. In one embodiment, core
- 118 of projectile 114 may be brittle or frangible and break apart or shatter upon impacting a hard or rigid surface.
- core 118 shatters, as shown in Fig. 7, its kinetic energy may be distributed among individual particles 121.
- Individual particles Individual particles
- 121 may possess low individual energies. A tendency of individual particles 121 to ricochet may consequently be reduced. An ability of individual particles 121 to penetrate objects with unintended consequences may also be reduced.
- core 118 may be gravity cast. If core 118 is gravity cast, molten bismuth may be poured into a mold that may have the same basic shape or profile as the final projectile. In alternative embodiments, core 118 may be sand cast, permanent mold cast, die cast, investment cast, or cast by a lost wax or lost foam process.
- Core 118 may be electroplated with a coating 120 such as copper, a copper alloy such as brass, bronze, german silver, or aluminum. In a preferred embodiment, coating 120 may be about 0.007 inch thick. [0042] In one embodiment, core 118 may be slightly longer than projectile 114. Core 118 may be slightly longer than projectile 114 because it is still in "unbled" condition as it comes out of the mold. Bleeding the core to final weight may decrease the length so that it is several thousandths of an inch shorter than projectile 114.
- core 118 may be approximately 0.014 inch shorter than projectile 114. In one embodiment, core 118 may be slightly narrower than projectile 114. Core 118 may be slightly narrower than projectile 114 because it lacks the thickness provided by coating 120.
- Cartridge 100 may include a casing 102 which may be made of an alloy of copper, such as brass.
- An explosive propellant 104 in the form of a powder may be contained within casing 102.
- Casing 102 may further have a primer 108 at a rear end 110 to ignite propellant 104.
- Primer 108 may be actuated by a firing pin 112 of the firearm.
- Projectile 114 may be held within neck 116 of casing 102, a core of which may be formed of substantially pure crystalline or poly- crystalline bismuth. Projectile 114 may be expelled from casing 102 by propellant 104.
- FIG. 4 a firearm 140 for use with an embodiment of the invention.
- Cartridge 100 may be insertably disposed within a barrel 142 of firearm 140.
- Projectile 114 may be used in a pistol or a rifle of .22 caliber to .50 caliber, as a slug in a shotgun of 10, 12, 16, or 20 gauge, or .410 caliber, or in a cannon of up to about 16 inch diameter.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/524,427 US20060042456A1 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2003-08-13 | Method of making a frangible non-toxic projectile |
AU2003259771A AU2003259771A1 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2003-08-13 | Method of making a frangible non-toxic projectile |
GB0503911A GB2414202B (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2003-08-13 | Method of making a frangible non-toxic projectile |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US40365502P | 2002-08-16 | 2002-08-16 | |
US60/403,655 | 2002-08-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004017011A2 true WO2004017011A2 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
WO2004017011A3 WO2004017011A3 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
Family
ID=31888263
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2003/025188 WO2004017011A2 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2003-08-13 | Method of making a frangible non-toxic projectile |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060042456A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003259771A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2414202B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004017011A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2535164A1 (en) * | 2005-02-02 | 2006-08-02 | Anthony Joseph Cesaroni | Bismuth projectile |
JP2007278631A (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-10-25 | Muroran Institute Of Technology | Manufacturing method of bullet |
WO2014150007A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Reloading kit with lead free bullet composition |
US9719763B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2017-08-01 | Shawn C. Hook | Reusable polyurethane projectile |
US9366516B2 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-06-14 | Shawn C. Hook | Resueable polyurethane projectile |
US10900759B2 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-01-26 | Environ-Metal, Inc. | Die assemblies for forming a firearm projectile, methods of utilizing the die assemblies, and firearm projectiles |
WO2020227358A1 (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-12 | Dlm Holding Group Llc | Plated bismuth shot |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5528989A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1996-06-25 | Briese; Torrey L. | Highly separable bullet |
WO1996023193A1 (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-08-01 | Federal-Hoffman, Inc., Doing Business As Federal Cartridge Co. | Non-toxic bullet |
US5917143A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-06-29 | Remington Arms Company, Inc. | Frangible powdered iron projectiles |
US6115894A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 2000-09-12 | Huffman; James W. | Process of making obstacle piercing frangible bullet |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US270101A (en) * | 1883-01-02 | Tiioksten nokdenfelt | ||
US1992244A (en) * | 1927-07-29 | 1935-02-26 | Western Cartridge Co | Process of making bullets |
US1916465A (en) * | 1929-04-08 | 1933-07-04 | Western Cartridge Co | Process and apparatus for electroplating projectiles |
US2571520A (en) * | 1949-10-04 | 1951-10-16 | Fred N Barnes | Method of making bullets |
US3349711A (en) * | 1964-12-07 | 1967-10-31 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Process of forming jacketed projectiles |
US3431612A (en) * | 1967-05-05 | 1969-03-11 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Process of forming jacketed projectiles |
US4387492A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1983-06-14 | Omark Industries, Inc. | Plated jacket soft point bullet |
US4734179A (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1988-03-29 | Trammel Gary L | Bullet plating carousel |
ATE134264T1 (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1996-02-15 | John E Brown | LEAD-FREE BULLETS AND CARTRIDGES PROVIDED WITH IT |
US5079814A (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-01-14 | Blount, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a hollow point bullet |
US5127332A (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1992-07-07 | Olin Corporation | Hunting bullet with reduced environmental lead exposure |
US5535495A (en) * | 1994-11-03 | 1996-07-16 | Gutowski; Donald A. | Die cast bullet manufacturing process |
US5513689A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-05-07 | Bismuth Cartridge, L.L.C. | Method of manufacturing bismuth shot |
US5597975A (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-01-28 | Mcgean-Rohco, Inc. | Mechanical plating of small arms projectiles |
US6317946B1 (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 2001-11-20 | Harold F. Beal | Method for the manufacture of a multi-part projectile for gun ammunition and product produced thereby |
US6607692B2 (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 2003-08-19 | Doris Nebel Beal Intervivos Patent Trust | Method of manufacture of a powder-based firearm ammunition projectile employing electrostatic charge |
US6016754A (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2000-01-25 | Olin Corporation | Lead-free tin projectile |
US6230630B1 (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2001-05-15 | Perfect Circle Paintball, Inc. | Aerodynamic projectiles and methods of making the same |
US6182574B1 (en) * | 1999-05-17 | 2001-02-06 | Gregory J. Giannoni | Bullet |
US6248150B1 (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2001-06-19 | Darryl Dean Amick | Method for manufacturing tungsten-based materials and articles by mechanical alloying |
US6581523B2 (en) * | 2000-01-26 | 2003-06-24 | Doris Nebel Beal Intervivos Patent Trust | Powder-based disc having solid outer skin for use in a multi-component ammunition projectile |
US7217389B2 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2007-05-15 | Amick Darryl D | Tungsten-containing articles and methods for forming the same |
US6546875B2 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2003-04-15 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Non-lead hollow point bullet |
US6840149B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2005-01-11 | Doris Nebel Beal Inter Vivos Patent Trust | In-situ formation of cap for ammunition projectile |
-
2003
- 2003-08-13 AU AU2003259771A patent/AU2003259771A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-13 WO PCT/US2003/025188 patent/WO2004017011A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2003-08-13 US US10/524,427 patent/US20060042456A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-13 GB GB0503911A patent/GB2414202B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5528989A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1996-06-25 | Briese; Torrey L. | Highly separable bullet |
WO1996023193A1 (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-08-01 | Federal-Hoffman, Inc., Doing Business As Federal Cartridge Co. | Non-toxic bullet |
US6115894A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 2000-09-12 | Huffman; James W. | Process of making obstacle piercing frangible bullet |
US5917143A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-06-29 | Remington Arms Company, Inc. | Frangible powdered iron projectiles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2414202B (en) | 2006-03-15 |
AU2003259771A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
WO2004017011A3 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
GB2414202A (en) | 2005-11-23 |
GB0503911D0 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
AU2003259771A8 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
US20060042456A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7150233B1 (en) | Jacketed boat-tail bullet | |
US6837165B2 (en) | Bullet with spherical nose portion | |
US5763819A (en) | Obstacle piercing frangible bullet | |
AU754891B2 (en) | Frangible powdered iron projectiles | |
EP1021694B1 (en) | Small caliber non-toxic penetrator projectile | |
CA2640129C (en) | Frangible slug | |
AU1804199A (en) | Lead-free tin projectile | |
US7555987B2 (en) | Frangible powered iron projectiles | |
US4958569A (en) | Wrought copper alloy-shaped charge liner | |
US20150107481A1 (en) | Jacketed bullet and high-speed method of manufacturing jacketed bullets | |
US20060042456A1 (en) | Method of making a frangible non-toxic projectile | |
EP1153261A1 (en) | Small bore frangible ammunition projectile | |
WO1986004135A1 (en) | Plastic-coated bullet | |
WO1995008748A1 (en) | Frangible firearm bullets and cartridges including same | |
GB2327488A (en) | Jacketed projectiles | |
CA2432112A1 (en) | Bullet jacket and method for the manufacture thereof | |
KR20000070539A (en) | Frangible powdered iron projectiles | |
ZA200403448B (en) | Bullet with spherical nose portion. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 0503911 Country of ref document: GB Kind code of ref document: A Free format text: PCT FILING DATE = 20030813 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006042456 Country of ref document: US Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10524427 Country of ref document: US |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10524427 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: JP |
|
DPE2 | Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) |