Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G06Q30/00—Commerce
  • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to systems and methods for the exchange of information between instructors and students in an educational context. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods in which an educational instructor interacts with one or more non-collocated students by transmitting course lectures, textbooks, literature, and other course materials, receiving student questions and input, and conducting participatory class discussions using an electronic network such as a Local Area Network (LAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a
• LAN Local Area Network
• MAN Metropolitan Area Network
• the present invention also relates to the provision of an infrastructure that allows for on-line registration and tuition payment of educational courses.
• the present invention relates to systems and methods that may be used by system users at various levels for the distribution and use of information over a network. More specifically, the present invention relates to interactive systems and methods that may be used by system users at various levels for distributing and using information over a network such that it is readily adaptable for more than one language.
• GUIs graphical user interfaces
• a network in this context may be a LAN, MAN, WAN, intranet, the Internet and/or the WWW.
• Applications of such technology may be in the area of educational or corporate training systems.
• system users, entities providing instruction, and system providers will interact with the system so that content may be provided to the student or person receiving training over the network.
• the student or person receiving training may be located at different locations than the instructor, yet be interactive with the instructor via a network system. Accordingly, these systems remove the geographic limitations that typically attach to typical teaching systems.
• a class may include a number of individuals and instructors connected only through the network system. However, it may also be configured to be groups of individuals at various locations connected through the network system and the instructor may be located with one of the groups of students. It may further include the instructor and students located in one location and the materials being used for instruction being provided only over the network system because of the rarity of the source material.
• the student or individual receiving instruction is inextricably tied to the institution's configuration without the ability to tailor his/her experience that would better fit his/her individual style in obtaining, using, and processing information contributing information.
• the student or individual receiving instruction will access different locations or web pages of the institution's or company's network system to obtain the information that he/she desires or post with the institution or company. In order to gain such access, the student or individual may be required to logon a number of networks to obtain the desired information or upload it.
• the present invention overcomes the problems of conventional system to provide a system that is user friendly and easy to use through a user interface.
• a further general object of the present invention is to provide a system that can be easily integrated with existing computer network and backend systems with minimal disruption to existing operations and systems.
• a still further general object of the present invention is to provide a system that is scalable in order to accommodate increasing numbers of users, such that system responsiveness is not materially degraded as the number of users of the system grows to an increasingly large number.
• a still further general object of the present invention is to provide a system and methods that can accommodate a variety of diverse teaching modes without requiring substantial modifications to the system.
• a further object of the invention is to provide a system that allows multiple types of users to access the features of the system as a function of their predefined role within the framework of the system, such as, a student, a teacher, or an administrator.
• An even still further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method that is accessible according to the access level of the system user. It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a network-based interactive system that is readily adaptable to accommodate multiple languages.
• a system for providing to a community of users access to a plurality of on-line courses comprising a plurality of user computers and a server computer in communication with each of the user computers over a network that includes LANs, MANs, WANs, the Internet, intranet, and/or the WWW.
• Each user computer is associated with a user of the system having predefined characteristics indicative of a predetermined access level to the system.
• Each level of access to data files is associated with a course, and a level of control over data files associated with a course.
• the preferred server computer is capable of storing data files associated with a course assigning a level of access to each file, determining an access level of a user requesting access to a file, and allowing access to a file associated with a course as a function of the access level of the user. Accordingly, the level of access preferably is associated with the ability of a user to access the file.
• the user level associated with a student user an instructor level is associated with an instructor user, and an administrator level is associated with an administrator user.
• an administrator level is associated with an administrator user.
• multiple levels may be associated particular users.
• an instructor of one course may also be a student in another course.
• the instructor user is provided with an access level to enable the creation and editing of a plurality of course files associated with a course.
• the course files may include an announcement file, a course information file, a staff information file, a course documents file, an assignments file, a dropbox file, an asynchronous communication file, and a synchronous communication file.
• the student user is provided with an access level to enable reading of course files associated with a course.
• the student user is also provided with an access level to enable modification of some of the files associated with a course.
• the user may be provided with an access level to enable creation of a student file associated with a file for which the student user is able to read.
• the file that the student is able to read may be an assessment file created by the instructor user, and the student file created by the student user is a response to the assessment file.
• the assessment file may be a plurality of examination questions selected by the instructor user to assess the learning level of the student user.
• the examination questions may be selected by the instructor user from a predetermined pool of available examination questions.
• the examination questions also may be created by the instructor user substantially at the time of the creation of the assessment file and optionally added to the pool.
• the student file may be reviewed by the instructor user and assigned a grade, which would be made available on-line to the student user.
• the instructor user may collate the grades obtained from reviewing a number of student files, and the collated grades may be made available on-line to all student users associated with the course.
• the "digital dropbox" may contain a plurality of files transferred to the server computer from one or more student users associated with the course.
• the instructor user may be provided with access to the files in the dropbox file.
• the instructor user may download, edit and upload the files in the dropbox.
• a user may be required to enter a logon sequence into a user computer in order to be provided with access to course files associated with that user. The user is then provided with access to all courses with which the he/she is associated after entry of the logon sequence.
• the user is provided with a web page that may include a plurality of course hyperlinks. These course hyperlinks preferably will be associated with each course that the user has been enrolled either as an instructor or as a student. Selection of a course hyperlink will provide the user with a web page associated with the selected course.
• This web page will have content hyperlinks and buttons to various content areas associated with the course.
• the content hyperlinks and/or buttons may include, for example, an announcement area hyperlink, a course information hyperlink, a staff information hyperlink, a course documents hyperlink, an assignments hyperlink, a communications hyperlink, and a student tools hyperlink.
• Selection of the announcement area hyperlink provides a web page including a group of course announcements.
• Selection of the course information hyperlink provides a web page including information regarding the associated course.
• Selection of the staff information hyperlink provides a web page including data regarding the instructors of the associated course.
• Selection of the course documents hyperlink provides a web page including a listing of documents associated with the course, which may be active hyperlinks to the documents.
• Selection of the assignments hyperlink provides a web page including a group of course assignments.
• Selection of the communications hyperlink provides a web page including hyperlinks to a group of communication tools including an asynchronous communication tool and a synchronous communication tool.
• the system and method provide a community of users access to on-line courses that will include a server computer in communication with user computers over a network.
• the server computer preferably will be capable of creating course user accounts from a file of existing user accounts associated with an external computer.
• existing legacy systems that have a large number of user accounts stored in memory may be integrated with this system without having to re-enter user data which is referred to as "batch enrollment.”
• the present invention also includes a method for providing on-line education that further may include the steps of establishing a course to be offered on-line, offering the course to be taken on-line to a group of student users, and providing access over the network to the course files to student users who have enrolled in the course.
• the establishment of the course includes an instructor user generating a set of course files for use in teaching the course, then transferring the course files to a server computer for storage.
• the stored files will be accessible by a predefined community of student users having access to the server computer over a network.
• At least one of the course files may include a course assignment.
• the student user creates a student file in response to the course assignment and transfers the student file to the server computer.
• the instructor user accesses the student file from the server computer, reviews the student file to determine compliance with the course assignment, and assigns a grade to the student file as a function of the determination of compliance with the course assignment.
• the instructor user also may post the grade to a file on the server computer accessible only by the student user with which the grade is associated.
• the instructor user may repeat this process for a number of student users that are enrolled in a course, and then perform a statistical analysis on the grades assigned to the student users. The results of the statistical analysis may be made available to the student users enrolled in the course.
• An asynchronous communication tool accessible to student users enrolled in the course may be provided for enabling asynchronous communication amongst the student users.
• a synchronous communication tool accessible to student users enrolled in the course may be provided for enabling synchronous communication amongst the student users.
• the present invention also provides a flexible infrastructure for colleges, universities, and other institutions desiring to facilitate on-line registration and tuition payment. Further, the present invention can accommodate different billing methods, including, but not limited to, billing on a per- credit-hour basis, and billing on a per registrant basis. Tuition may be paid by credit card, debit card, check, or other verifiable payment method. Payment verification may be performed by the present invention, or the present invention may interface with third-parties providing payment verification services. In addition, the present invention allows on-line billing information to easily interface with a college, university, or other institution's standard billing practices. Integrating with existing billing practices simplifies transition to automated systems.
• the present invention may be configured as an open system to which anyone can connect to a server over the Internet or WWW, and create a course on-line that may be taken by anyone else connected over the network.
• anyone may create a virtual classroom available to anyone else, regardless of whether they are affiliated with a particular institution.
• a lawyer may create a course in patent law on-line, and configure the system to require entry of a password to enroll. The lawyer may then disseminate the passwords to students who desire to enroll in the course. Alternately, the lawyer can request the system to require payment to enroll in the course, such as by credit card.
• the system is capable of storing and displaying multiple locales, including a locale precedence that permits the locale to be displayed in a hierarchy.
• the present invention can display course materials in a specific locale, for example, to teach a foreign language course and/or to teach a course in a foreign language.
• the present invention can be used to serve organizations that have a diverse user populations that require courses in multiple locales.
• the system can be operated to use and display information in multiple languages and even display content at different locations of a web page in different languages.
• FIG. 1 A shows an overall block diagram of the system.
• FIG. 1 B shows an exemplary high level diagram of the system architecture, indicating a logical relationship between various system components.
• FIG. 1 C shows a more detailed architectural block diagram of an embodiment of an education support system according to the present invention.
• FIG. 2 shows an architectural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention implementing load balancing to achieve scalability.
• FIG. 3 shows the interaction of an embodiment of an engine/registry model according to the present invention.
• FIG. 4 shows a segmentation of a user interface according to the present invention.
• FIG. 5 shows a screen shot of the home page according to the present invention that a user will view.
• FIG. 6 is a screen shot of a web page according to the present invention that show the course list and course catalog available to student users.
• FIG. 7 is a screen shot of a default view for a course web site according to the present invention.
• FIG. 8 is a screen shot of an announcement web page provided to a student user according to the present invention.
• FIG. 9 is a screen shot of a course contents window according to the present invention.
• FIG. 10 is a screen shot of an assignment web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 1 1 is a screen shot of a course documents web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 12 is a screen shot of a communication center s web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 13 is a screen shot of an asynchronous discussion board web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 14 is a screen shot of a student tools web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 15 is a screen shot of a student drop box web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 16 is a screen shot of an instructor's control panel web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 17 is a screen shot of a second announcement web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 18 is a screen shot of a course information web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 19 is a screen shot of a course tasks web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 20 is a screen shot of an instructor library web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 21 is a screen shot of a digital dropbox web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 22 is a screen shot of a course gradebook web page according to the present invention.
• FIGs. 23A and 23B are screen shots of the course statistics web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 24 is a screen shot of an advanced course and portal manager web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 25 is a screen shot of a community web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 26 is a screen shot of a services web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 27 is a screen shot of a calendar web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 28 is a screen shot of an email web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 29 is a screen shot of a create a course web page according to the present invention.
• FIGs. 30A and 30B are screen shots of create user web pages according to the present invention.
• FIG. 31 is a screen shot of a web resource web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 32 is a further screen shot of a web resource web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 33 is a screen shot of the virtual chat web page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 34 is a diagram showing information passed from a course registration server to a payment server according to the present invention.
• FIG. 35 is a sample of a payment form according to the present invention.
• FIG. 36 is a diagram showing the interaction between a payment server and a payment validation server according to the present invention.
• FIG. 37 is a sample of a payment information page according to the present invention.
• FIG. 38 is a diagram showing post-order processing according to the present invention.
• FIG. 39 shows an exemplary user interface according to the present invention.
• FIG. 40 shows an exemplary screen display directed to how a system administrator can specify a default locale according to the present invention.
• FIG. 41 shows an exemplary screen display directed to how a system administrator and/or course instructor and/or other individual having privileges can specify a course locale according to the present invention.
• FIG. 42 shows an exemplary browser display environment according to the present invention.
• FIG. 43 shows a first exemplary course navigation screen display with a mandatory locale according to the present invention.
• FIG. 44 shows a second exemplary course navigation screen display without a mandatory locale in-part with a multiple language according to the present invention.
• FIG. 45 shows an exemplary flow diagram for effecting multiple language use according with the present invention.
• the present invention comprises a system and methods for the exchange of course content and related information between non-collocated instructor users and student or trainee users.
• An instructor user such as at 52, 54, interacts with one or more non- collocated student or trainee users, such as at 56, 58, 60, by using the system and methods of the present invention to, without limitation, transmit course files including course lectures, textbooks, literature, and other course materials, receive student questions and input, and conduct participatory class discussions using an electronic network such as a LAN, a MAN, a WAN, the Internet and/or the WWW, of which 62 is representative. Access to the course file is controlled by access levels assigned to system users and control logic, which helps ensure the integrity and security of the system.
• system server 100 also connects to the network 62.
• a system user may have multiple access levels.
• the user is an instructor/student user.
• Figure IB at 1000 is a further detailed view of Figure 1A and shows an exemplary component architecture that (i) indicates logical relationships between various components, and (ii) can be used to implement multiple locales in a web -based implementation.
• FIG. IB shows a three tier architecture. These tiers are user interface tier 1002, platform tier 1003, and data tier 1005. Other numbers of tiers can also be used and are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
• User interface tier 1002 includes components from an end user perspective. They may be used, for example, for a user to logon to server 1040 and conduct subsequent interactions. User interface tier 1002 will permit the system user to access, interact with, and retrieve information.
• user interface layer 1002 can generally be used to create, revise, and/or delete content from system 1000.
• system 1000 can generate, access, retrieve and/or receive hypertext mark-up language (HTML) pages, optionally in an extensible mark-up language (XML) environment.
• Applets 1006 can be used in a conventional manner to enhance browser 1008 functionality.
• Portal unit 1010 can utilize portal classes 1016, for example, to render and/or aggregate the actual data displayed on portal pages, such as shown in FIGs. 5, 6, 12, 24, 25, 26 and/or 28.
• Portal classes 1016 represent software code that can be used to rendering data that can be displayed by or at user interface 1008.
• the portal classes are preferably implemented as object- oriented code, e.g., Java.
• Authentication user interface 1012 can be used to verify user credentials, for example, at logon to determine if access to system 1000 will be granted.
• Plug-in manager 1014 can be used as a run time component, for example, to add and/or delete extensions to system 1000. Plug-in manager 1014 can thus be used to integrate new features and/or functionality, optionally made available from or by third party vendors. Plug-in manager 1014 can utilize, for example, Java *.war files to accommodate system 1000 extensibility. In addition, programming developed that could be viewed as a standard programming component could be uploaded to system 1000 via plug-in manager 1014.
• Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Directory Server 1048 can optionally be used to provide centralized authentication services, optionally as a platform tier 1003 component.
• LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
• LMS classes 1017 Learning Management System (LMS) classes 1017, persistence classes 1018, and snapshot classes 1024 can optionally be considered a fourth tier known as the application tier.
• LMS classes 1017 can include code components that define the semantic structure of the application.
• LMS classes 1017 can include code components that define the semantic structure of the application.
• real world objects can be a course, identification of the course, the date(s) of the course, and/or a description of the course.
• Persistence classes 1018 can be used to store data in database 1020. As shown, plug-in manager 1014 can utilize persistence classes 1018 to provide various user interfaces and application programming interfaces (APIs). Examples of persistence classes 1018 is a set of objects, classes and/or methods that third party developers can use.
• Snapshot 1024 can be implemented to utilize event APIs 1026 in a conventional manner to import data into system 1000. Snapshot 1024 can interface with persistence classes 1018. For example, if system 1000 is utilized by a university, there may be a large amount of information stored pertaining to various students. Conventional systems can run programs, databases, and the like with regard to enrollment, staff assignments, room scheduling, etc. Snapshot 1024 can generate data files from the captured information for use in conjunction with system 1000. Snapshot 1024 can advantageously create data and/or sets of data grouped in a particular way. As such, data may be grouped semantically around terms or types of data. Snapshot 1024 can optionally be run from, for example, an operating system, e.g., DOS and/or Unix, command line and/or shell. This will permit a user to write programs that can be processed as application tier data.
• an operating system e.g., DOS and/or Unix
• An embodiment of platform tier 1003 can include and/or utilize, for example, server 1038, server 1040, LDAP server 1048, and/or associated scripting or interfaces 1030, 1032, 1034, 1036, 1046, 1016, 1018 and/or 1042.
• PerlEx 1030 (a known plug-in for Windows NT Web servers), and
• ActivePerl 1032 JScript or ActiveState can also be used in lieu of ActivePerl are used in connection with scripting services. ActivePerl 1032 also utilize database interface (DBI) 1034, which can interface e.g., locate and load, Database Driver-Open Database Connectivity (DBD-ODBC) 1036 which, in turn, can communicate with database 1020.
• DBI database interface
• DBD-ODBC 1036 is a known set of APIs, created by Microsoft, Inc. that defines how to move information in and out of a personal computer database. A different DBD-ODBC can be utilized for each different database.
• PerlEx 1030, ActivePerl 1032, DBI 1034, and DBD-ODBC 1036 can reside in or run on server 1038. In an embodiment, server
• IIS Internet Information Server
• Server 1040 centralizes application services, such as web server functionality, and provides access to data tier 1005. Server 1040 can also optionally provide enterprise-level security.
• Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) 1046 is a standard Java API that consists of a set of classes and interfaces written in the Java programming language. JDBC 1046 can be used to write database applications and execute System Query Language (SQL) statements for use in connection with database 1040, which can store various locales. Accordingly, various views 1054 and stored procedures 1056 can be utilized and associated with database 1020 to associate and/or store locales with respective web pages.
• database 1040 can also utilize a separate server (not shown).
• Triggers 1050 can be used to interface database 1020 with an epicentric database 1052, which can be used to store, various views, data and/or procedures used to render portal pages, such as shown in FIGs. 5, 6, 12, 24, 25, 26 and/or 28. Accordingly, various views 1054 and stored procedures 1056 can also be utilized and associated with database 1052.
• FIG. 24 shows that there are six portal modules, i.e., "My Institution” tab 2422, "Course" tab 2424,
• Portal Areas 2406 system 1000 may include other numbers of portal modules.
• Chameleon 1058 is a Java-based import/export utility that can translate a course created on one server 1040 to an intermediate format such as an IMS Content & Packaging format
• the system architecture shown at FIG. 1 C, generally at 100, represents an embodiment of the present invention relating to the web browser, web server, application and database components.
• FIG. 1C may be incorporated as part of FIG. 1 A. Moreover, it is also an embodiment that utilized the components described in Figure IB.
• education support system 100 comprises application subsystems
• Web host server 130 further includes a shell service 131.
• Applications subsystems 1 10 further includes a content registry 111, a tool registry 112, a course registry 1 13, one or more content engines
• Core subsystems 150 further includes a core engine 151 , an access manager 152, a user interface (UI) manager 153, a user manager 154, a group manager 155, an event manager 156, a log manager 157, and a connection manager 158.
• UI user interface
• education support system 100 is implemented in a client-server network topology. Users who may have one or several roles, such as a student, instructor, teaching assistant (TA), or administrator, access and interact with education support system
• TA teaching assistant
• shell service 131 servlet providing a standard Internet interface including, but not limited to, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and File Tranfer Protocol (FTP) to the user via web browser 120 running on a standard computing platform such as a personal computer or workstation.
• TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol
• SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• FTP File Tranfer Protocol
• shell service 131 servlet uses the URL-encoded information contained in HTTP requests received from web browser 120 clients to invoke the corresponding requested application subsystem 110 or core subsystem 150.
• Shell service 131 servlet also provides user authentication and session management.
• Application subsystems 110 function in conformance with an engine/registry model 300 as described in FIG. 3.
• engine/registry model 300 includes one or more engines 301, a registry 302, and a context factory 303.
• Context factory 303 contains information mapping a user to one or more courses associated with that user.
• Engines 301 include, but are not limited to, content engine(s) 1 14, tool engine(s) 115, course engine(s) 116, and core engine 151.
• Registries 302 include, but are not limited to, content registry 111, tool registry 112, and course registry 113.
• Course engine(s) 116 creates a course by associating a set of educational materials to which a student user has access, by organizing references to these informational items as contained in content registry 111.
• Course engine(s) 1 16 queries content registry 1 1 1 for an index of content engine 1 14 associated with a particular resource being requested by a user.
• Content engine(s) 1 1 1 includes an assessment engine that generates quizzes to assist and instruct users in the use of education support system 100.
• an assessment engine of education support system 100 provides step-by-step instructions to an instructor for building a course. The quiz is then administered on-line to the instructor to allow him to build a customized course to be provided using education support system 100.
• tool engine (s) 1 15 generally includes installable programs that provide capabilities available for use with a plurality of courses and not permanently associated with any particular course or courses. Instructors have different modes of teaching. Further, the same instructor may emphasize different modes of teaching depending upon the subject being taught. For example, some instructors emphasize individual homework while others prefer a group or collaborative approach.
• Education support system 100 supports a variety of teaching methods. By invoking a particular set of tool engines 115 during interaction with the assessment engine, an instructor can customize a course offering to conform to his/her preferred mode of teaching.
• An example of a tool engine 115 is a chat/whiteboard communication tools (synchronous and/or asynchronous) provided by education support system 100 that allows for student group interaction and collaboration associated with a given course.
• Course templates allow instructors to easily reuse a course structure for subsequent courses.
• Course themes allow the instructor to affect the look and feel of the course site.
• a preferred embodiment of education support system 100 supports a plurality of environments 400 in a single application.
• environments 400 supported include a personalized web page of student -centric information accessed by a student user and the administrator's environment used for maintenance of the system.
• Certain parts of the education support system 100 application are consistent across all supported environments 400, while the appearance to the user may vary for different environments 400.
• An environment 400 is defined by console frames that surround the application areas.
• An example of an environment 400 defined by a four-frame page is shown in FIG. 4. The environment includes console navbar 401 , and console top
• Console navbar 401 and console top 402 may be controlled by a console frameset, while toolbar 403 and content 404 may be controlled by a separate frameset.
• toolbar 403 "buttons" are generally located in the top frame of an application area. This approach allows users, and especially instructors, the ability to customize their course offerings while conforming to consistent user interface features that allow application areas to be shared across environments 400. Student users and instructors interact with education support system 100 via the same basic environment 400 format.
• access control manager 151 creates an access control list (ACL) for one or more subsystems in response to a request from a subsystem to have its resources protected through adherence to an ACL.
• ACL access control list
• Education support system 100 provides multiple levels of access restrictions to enable different types of users to effectively interact with the system, such as, access web pages, upload or download files, view grade information, while preserving confidentiality of information.
• User manager 154 integrates the student-centric information with existing network-based systems of an associated educational institution.
• user manager 154 includes a runtime component and a batch component that periodically access and extract information contained in external institution databases in order to maintain current student- centric information.
• User manager 154 facilitates integration of education support system 100 with existing or legacy network-based systems, including proprietary institutional electronic networks and systems related to grades, registration, course schedules, financial aid, etc., without requiring modifications to existing systems or security procedures.
• application subsystems 110 and core subsystems 150 interface with database subsystem 140 using, for example, the Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) standard interface to allow use of any relational database including, but not limited to, SQL and DB2 Universal Database standards.
• JDBC Java Database Connectivity
• Scalability is provided by the modular system architecture described in FIG. 1A, and, in an embodiment of the present invention, through use of a load balancing server 200 as shown in FIG. 2.
• load balancing server 200 allocates new web browser clients 120 to the least-busy web server host 130 for servicing. By balancing the load across all web server hosts 130, education support system 100 prevents response times from become unacceptably long for any one given user.
• load balancing server 200 maintains one or more metrics concerning the percent utilization for each web server host 130 and selects the least-busy web server host 130 based upon application of a load balancing algorithm to these utilization metrics.
• shell service 131 servlet upon logging onto education support system 100, renders and presents to the user via web browser 120 a personalized web page that includes a student-centric aggregation of data that may include, without limitation, personal class schedules, grades, a rolled-up or consolidated calendar, links to related tools, student group events for groups of which a particular student is a member, and class announcements.
• Education support system 100 executes on a variety of computing platforms including, but not limited to, UNIXTM servers, NTTM servers, SolarisTM, HPTM, and LinuxTM.
• Education support system 100 supports popular web browsers including, but not limited to, Netscape NavigatorTM and
• Microsoft Internet ExplorerTM does not require plug-ins at the web browser client.
• an automated upload or import capability in which a user may upload a file to the system and system presents or displays the information contained in the uploaded file in a manner that preserves the grouping of the information, including fields and other categorization, based on the file type.
• Education support system 100 provides a standard import file format to accomplish this preservation of native grouping of information.
• an automated upload capability imports an uploaded file in both native and HTML formats, maintaining the file formats associated with the native format for the native formatted file and converting the native format into HTML formats for the HTML formatted file.
• Education support system 100 supports a variety of business model. For example, an institution may charge each student for courses taken via education support system 100, or an instructor may use education support system 100 to process individual student tuition payments by providing links to e-commerce facilities.
• the present invention allow users to interact with a computer network-based education support system through a simplified, easy-to-use user interface, and that can be easily integrated with existing computer network and backend systems with minimal disruption to existing operations and systems.
• the disclosed system and method is scalable in order to accommodate increasing numbers of users, and can accommodate a variety of diverse teaching modes.
• the embodiment in FIG. 1C is a three-tier structure.
• the "first tier” functionality that incorporates the basic system, referred to as the Course Manager.
• the Course Manager provides course management system tools to enable instructors to provide their students with course materials, discussion boards, virtual chat, on-line assessments, and a dedicated academic resource center on the Web.
• the Course Manager includes personal information management tools, course content management tools, course communication and collaboration tools, assessment tools, academic Web resources, course management tools, and system management tools.
• the "second tier” can incorporate all of the functionality of the basic embodiment in an epicentric or portal model, also known as the Course & Portal Manager.
• the second tier provides customized institution-wide portals for faculty, students, staff, and alumni with access to numerous personalized news and information services from across the Web.
• the platform can be customized with institutional branding and a tailored look and feel. It enables institutions to develop on-line communities, Web based email, calendar, announcements and tasks. It also allows for a central access point to all of the institution's on-line services. In addition to the features of the Course Manager, the
• Course & Portal Manager includes enterprise database support, customizable portal modules and information services, web-based e-mail system, community management, institutional services management, extended customization for institutional branding, institution-wide content sharing and management, and course e-commerce management.
• the "third tier” can be called the Advanced Course & Portal Manager.
• This tier incorporates the complete end-to-end “e-Learning” solution.
• this third tier provides advanced Java-based APIs for unifying diverse on-line campus systems into one integrated platform allowing for user-driven single log-in service delivery, as well as capabilities that allow each school, department or campus within the institution to maintain its own customized environment.
• this is the fully functional embodiment that includes all the features and functionality of the first and second tiers and adds certain integration technologies that allow integration of the present invention with existing enterprise systems, such as for downloading student databases, etc., as defined subsequently.
• An embodiment of the invention that utilizes the general structure shown in FIG. IB and the refinement in FIG. 1C can be operated as a publicly available web site on the Internet or WWW, that may be accessed by anyone, whether they are affiliated with an institution or not.
• anyone on the web can create a course, or enroll in a public course as explained subsequently. This provides for widespread dissemination of tools and utilities that enable anyone to generate his own course that can be taken by virtually any student.
• the course management tools of the present invention allow instructors to monitor, control and customize their course web sites from a web browser interface.
• the Course Control Panel provides a robust and easy-to-use interface for such course management.
• the system allows instructors to customize the names of course web site navigation buttons to suit their needs and requirements.
• the system also allows the instructor to add or drop individuals or groups of students from a course as required.
• the system features extended student enrollment option, such as a limited- time self-enrollment, e.g., certain dates only for the self-enroll feature, password-protected enrollment, and defined course duration. This will allow self-paced study. Courses may be recycled between academic terms by automatically resetting discussion boards, assessment, and other content areas.
• the instructor can track student progress, grades and content usage through the system.
• the content management tools featured in the present invention allow instructors to post course documents, staff information, and assignments.
• Text may be typed directly into a form, or existing files may be accessed and uploaded automatically.
• Documents such as word processing files, spreadsheets, slide presentations, graphics, audio and video clips, may be uploaded in this manner.
• Streaming multimedia may be provided interactivity between the student and the course.
• Pop-up maps provide easy course site navigation that enriches the teaching and learning experiences.
• the communication and collaboration tools enhance the interaction between the students and instructors with asynchronous discussion boards as well as synchronous chat tools.
• On-line discussions may be managed wherein messages are sortable by date, author, title and may be archived and printed.
• a digital dropbox is a file sharing utility that allows sharing of documents between users.
• the assessment tools in the present invention increase student preparedness, measure student progress, and customize lessons by creating and administering quizzes and surveys. As such, there is an easy to use, step by step process to create the quizzes and surveys.
• the instructor may mix and match multiple question types, such as multiple choice, multiple correct, true/false, matching, ordering, fill in the blank, and essays. Multimedia or other attachments may easily be included with the assessment questions. Questions may be randomized and re-used from assessment pools. Tests provided to students may be password protected and timed, and may provide instant feedback to students.
• statistical reports may be created from the assessments and student answers.
• the personal information management tools in the present invention allow students, instructors, administrators and all other users to access basic course, personal, and institutional data through a user-centric "My Institution" screen.
• the user may view announcements from multiple courses in one central location, and maintain personal calendar, address book, user directory and to-do lists.
• the present invention also provides for access to a great number of academic resources that supplement the student's on-line education experience.
• the user may browse discipline-specific information, resources, and communities linked to each course web-site. These academic resources may be customized and personalized to fit the users' needs.
• the system management tools available with the present invention allow system administrators to monitor, control and customize an institution's on-line teaching and learning environment from a web browser.
• the system administrator may control security permissions and enable/disable features for numerous user access levels. Batch user enrollment and unenrollment may be performed system wide. Preferences and options may be managed on multiple courses from within a central system administrator panel.
• the system administrator may (i) track and report faculty, student, and course statistics, (ii) plan and manage system hardware requirements by assigning instructors with pre-assigned disk quotas for content storage, and (iii) employ system-wide announcements to broadcast messages to users about system maintenance or institutional announcements.
• enterprise database support provides support for tens of thousands of users across an entire institution or network of institutions. User and course data may be managed efficiently and effectively. Moreover, large volumes of transactions may be managed efficiently and effectively.
• the "My Institution" interface includes portal and community functionality along with quick access to web email, course and institutional announcements, and links to other campus departments. Administrators may enable or disable portal modules and establish required and optional modules from the portal options menu bar. Administrators may also assign different portal default settings to different user access levels, e.g. students get different portals than instructors.
• Course e-commerce management functionality allows institutions to set prices and charge fees for course enrollment directly through the "e-Learning" platform.
• the snapshot user management tool allows scheduling of one-time or periodic (e.g., hourly, daily, weekly) data integration from existing student information systems, automating course population and keeping the "e-Learning" environment is synchronized with administrative and student data.
• the end-user authentication enables a single logon environment for the institution portal for all students, instructors, administrators and staff. This streamlines all campus services into a single web portal environment.
• FIG. 5 shows a screen shot of the home page 500 that a user will view.
• This view is customizable in accordance with the requirements and desires of any user.
• the home page may also be institutionally branded, so that the "Your Institution" logo 504 shown in FIG. 5 would display the name of the institution that has licensed the product.
• the home page also provides the user with direct access to personal, course, and institutional tools.
• the system enables each user to select from a large number of news and information services, so that everyone who uses the system will have access to the most recent and relevant information for them. All of this functionality is provided in one place, the home page, so that the institution can provide a sense of community on campus, with courses, and with a view to the external information sources.
• Course page 600 provides direct links to the courses that they teach (602, 604) and/or are enrolled in (606, 608, 610).
• Course page 600 provides direct links to the courses that they teach (602, 604) and/or are enrolled in (606, 608, 610).
• the user will click on the course title, such as at 602, 604, 606, 608 or 610, and he/she will be automatically linked to a web page associated with that course.
• the user also has the opportunity to browse the course catalog 612 by selecting the links on the right side of the page 600, where courses are listed according to category.
• the user may also search through the course search engine by selecting the Browse Course Catalog Link 614.
• the user is shown the web page 700 illustrated in FIG. 7.
• the default view for the course web site 700 in this embodiment is the Announcements page 702, as shown in FIGs. 7 and 8.
• the user has the option of selecting various types of views by filtering out certain time-based announcements, i.e., today, last 2 weeks, last month, or all, by selecting button 802.
• the Announcements section can also be linked to after the user has left that page by simply clicking the Announcements button 804 on the navigation toolbar 806 on the left of the web page.
• FIG. 8 shows the entire web page for Introduction to Music in two parts: an upper part and a lower part, which is scrollable as desired.
• One of the function buttons provided is labeled "Course Map" 808, which upon being clicked will pop-up the Course Contents window 900. The user will be able to expand or collapse the various headings provided in order to drill down into the entire course contents as currently configured.
• the user can expand the Assignments section 902 and get a linkable list of all the assignments that have been created for the course to date. Any of the assignments may then be clicked for easy access.
• This separate window 900 is especially advantageous since it allows users to browse the entire course, regardless of their current location in the web-site.
• the user By selecting any of the Assignments links 902, the user would be linked to the web page 1070 set forth in FIG. 10.
• This web page lists each assignment that has been compiled for the course, each of which can be linked to web pages that contain the full details of the particular assignment.
• the assignment page 1070 shown in FIG. 10 may be viewed by clicking the "Assignments" button 804 on the toolbar at the left of the course home page shown in FIG. 8.
• any of the functions that are provided by toolbar buttons on the navigation bar at the left of the course home page will be available in any page accessed for that site, so that easy navigation may be had and the user may jump around and visit any desired portion of the course web site no matter where the user is currently located.
• the Course Contents window provides similar functionality as described above.
• folders that have quizzes and surveys may be linked to by viewing the assignments web page. Clicking on these folders will present the student and/or instructor with a quiz that may be taken on-line. The answers may be graded automatically, in real time, as soon as the student has finished the quiz. This assessment functionality will be explained in greater detail subsequently.
• assignments may be provided in virtually any type of media that he instructor has at his disposal. For example, shown in FIG. 10 is a link 1072 to a multimedia presentation for
• Assignments may also be as simple as a text -based file that the student would read in preparation for the required class session.
• the user may select the Course Information button 1074 on the toolbar. This will link the user to a web page that will list information provided by the instructor that is useful to the student, such as an introductory welcome message or links to helpful resources. Resources otherwise found on other parts of the course web site may also be shown here if desired by the course web site developer. Links may be in the form of URLs to other web pages or resources or to folders that include groups of logically related resources.
• Selection of the Staff Information navigation button 1076 will provide the user with a web page that will list each instructor, TA, or professor, along with an abstract listing office hours, address, telephone number for each, as well as a link that be clicked to send an email. This gives the student with quick, easy access to any instructor as may be desired throughout the course. Images and other types of multimedia files may also be made available at this page for enhanced content viewing.
• the user may select the "Course Documents" link 1078 shown in the navigational toolbar, after which the web page 1100 on FIG. 11 is provided for that course.
• This provides the user with immediate access to all documents relevant to the course.
• the user has access to all of the course materials, including additional links to information on the web that will enhance the instructional experience.
• the user has the ability to post documents of numerous file formats and from disparate locations.
• the student By selecting the "Communication" tab 1080 shown in FIG. 10, the student is provided with the Communication Center web page 1200 as shown in FIG. 12. In this area, the user has at his/her disposal many different ways of establishing communications with other users of the system as well as accessing other areas of the system for various types of information.
• the user has access to an email utility 1202, a student roster list 1204, a list of student homepages 1206, a discussion board 1208, a virtual classroom chat 1210, and a group pages link 1212.
• Selection of the Send E-Mail link 1202 loads a web page with various links that allow the user to send email to individuals registered for the course, or to students only, or to instructors only.
• the email function is accomplished via web-based email and allows for users to send attachments, as in many existing email packages available today.
• Selection of the Student Roster link 1204 displays a web page that lists all of the students registered for the course, along with contact information if allowed by the student, such as phone number, address, and email address. Selection of the Student
• Pages link 1206 provides a web page with links to the homepage for each student in the class.
• Another very effective communication tool is the asynchronous Discussion Board 1300, as shown in FIG. 13, which is displayed by the student selecting the Discussion Board link 1208.
• Students can access this for threaded discussions that are archived for easy retrieval. By using the discussion board, students can help each other learn even more easily outside of regular class hours. It can also be used as an effective method for instructors and TAs to provide a tutorial tool for out-of class questions and discussions that need to be saved for the purpose of sharing with the rest of that class. This utility operates in accordance with techniques well known in the art.
• Virtual Chat link 1210 By clicking on the Virtual Chat link 1210, the student is provided with a web page 3300 as shown in FIG. 33, labeled "virtual chat". Each course has its unique chat area built into the course site. Students can engage in chats about the course, collaborate on assignments, and share information beyond the boundaries of the classroom or posted materials. The instructor can monitor the chats or actively engage in discussions. This real-time virtual chat is a feature that can also accommodate a whiteboard mode.
• Selection of the Group Pages link 1212 displays a web page that lists various groups of users that are grouped by special interests, such as music lovers, bookworms, sports fans to name a few.
• Access to these groups is a definable parameter that is set by the system administrator.
• Selection of the External Links button 1082 will display a web page that is provided with URLs for relevant content that the instructor deems may be useful to the student community. For example, in a law course, links may be provided to various legal research web sites, or a Congressional web page.
• Selection of the Student Tools button 1084 will display a web page 1400 of associated links as shown in FIG. 14. These links include various tools needed by the student, such as the Student Drop Box 1402, Change your Information 1404, Check Your Grade 1406, Edit Your Homepage 1408, Student Calendar 1410, and the Student Manual 1412.
• the student is provided with a web page that will allow control and access to the student's digital dropbox, that is a folder of files that the student can exchange with the course instructor.
• dropbox web page 1500 allows the student to type in box 1502 the resource location of a file that he wishes to provide to the instructor, or to browse his computer's hard drive with button 1504 or network drive in accordance with well known techniques to locate the file and insert the appropriate pointer.
• Clicking Send File button 1506 will finish the task of uploading the file.
• List 1508 of uploaded files that exist in the student's dropbox is also set forth in this page, along with a control link 1510 that enables the removal of files.
• the student can submit documents such as term papers to the instructor, who can then read and post comments to the file for return to the student and review.
• Selection of the Change Your Information link 1404 provides the student with a web page that sets forth his personal data, such as name, address, email, phone number and password. In addition, certain system preferences may be set at this location. Similar to this link is the Edit Your Homepage link 1408, which will allow the student to access his homepage and make modifications as he desires.
• Selection of the Check Your Grades link 1406 will deliver a web page that shows the grades that the student has been assessed in the course, such as for exams, quizzes, term papers, projects, and assignments.
• the student may be able to link to the specific exam or paper through this utility in order to review the exam again that may be useful for example in preparing for a final exam.
• the instructor may also provide to the student a statistical review of the entire class so that the student has a better feel for the grade he may receive: the class median, mean, curve data.
• the Student Calendar button 1410 will provide well known PEVI (personal information management) functionality to the student.
• the Calendar web page can display calendar events in a graphical display for that course, all the student's courses, all institution events, as well as personal calendar events programmed by the user. Different entities can program calendar events that can be selectively displayed by the student by selection of display functions on the page. For example, the instructor can program the calendar events for the course, and an administrator can program calendar events for the entire campus, and these will be displayed on the student's calendar since he is registered for the course. This provides the student with a greater ability to manage his calendar than has been available in the past.
• the final button on the Student Tools web page is the Student Manual link 1412, which when selected provides the student with access to an on-line manual that may be used for a "help" reference in navigating the web site.
• the Resources button 1422 links directly to a web page of related on-line resources to assist with course- related issues, as described further below.
• the Course Map button 808 gives a separate browser window with direct access to the course contents, as explained above.
• the My Blackboard button 1424 gives access to "My Blackboard” functionality as explained below.
• the Search button 1426 enables the user to search all course materials by criteria and keyword(s).
• the Logout button 1428 logs the user out of the current course. There may also be an Enroll in this Course button to allow students to register themselves in courses. Preferably, this button is only visible when the student accesses as a guest a course in which he is not enrolled.
• Instructor Functionality The instructor is provided with essentially the same functionality and control as is the student user, with additional functions defined herein.
• the instructor is provided with a complete set of navigational buttons for accessing announcements, course information, staff information, course documents, assignments, communication tools, external links, and student tools for a given course that he/she is teaching.
• the control panel also is given to the instructor to enable display of a set of links to course management and development tools that are available to an instructor.
• An exemplary instructor's control panel web page 1600 is shown in FIG. 16. This control panel 1602 provides the instructor with many features that are useful in managing the course he/she instructs.
• the control panel is divided into Content Areas 1604, Course Tools 1606, Course Options
• the Announcement link 1616 displays a web page 1700 as shown in FIG. 17 that will set forth all of the announcements that have been posted for the course, the author (e.g., which instructor, if there are more than one 4 authorized to access this area) of the announcement, and a modify button
• An add announcement button 1706 is also provided, which displays a web page with a blank message field that he instructor fills in and submits to the server. The newly added announcement will then be posted to all students registered in the class.
• the Course Information link 1618 displays a web page 1800 as shown in FIG. 18 that will set forth all of the course information documents or folders that have been posted for the course, and a modify button 1802 and a remove button 1804.
• An add item 1806 or add folder button 1808 is also provided, which displays a web page with various fields that the instructor will fill in to define the course information entry. After submitting the new entry to the server, the new course information is posted to all students registered in the class.
• the Staff Information link 1620 displays a web page that will set forth all of the staff entries, e.g., instructors, Tasks, that are involved with the course, and a modify button and a remove button for each entry similar to those shown in FIG. 18.
• An add item or add folder button is also provided, which displays a web page with various fields that the instructor will fill in to define the new staff item entry. Fields are also provided for links to each staff member's email address and web page. Images of the staff member may also be inserted in the entry. After submitting the new entry to the server, the new staff information is posted to all students registered in the class as described above.
• the Course Documents link 1622 displays a web page that will set forth all of the course documents or folders that have been posted for the course, and a modify button and a remove button as discussed above.
• An add item or add folder button is also provided, which displays a web page with various fields that the instructor will fill in to define the course documents entry.
• the document may be uploaded directly to the server for later access by the student, or a link to an external referenced resource may be provided, e.g., a URL.
• the new course information is posted to all students registered in the class as described above.
• the Assignments link 1624 displays a web page that will set forth all of the course assignments or folders that have been posted for the course, and a modify button and a remove button.
• An add item or add folder button is also provided, which displays a web page with various fields that the instructor will fill in to define the course assignment entry.
• the assignment entry may be uploaded directly to the server for later access by the student. After submitting the new entry to the server, the new course assignment is posted to all students registered in the class as described above.
• the External Links link 1626 displays a web page that will set forth all of the external links or folders that have been posted for the course, and a modify button and a remove button.
• An add item or add folder button is also provided, which displays a web page with various fields that the instructor will fill in to define the external links entry.
• the external links entry may be uploaded directly to the server for later access by the student. After submitting the new entry to the server, the new external link page is posted to all students registered in the class as described above.
• the Course Calendar link 1628 displays a web page that will set forth all of the calendar events that have been posted for the course, and a modify button and a remove button.
• An add item button is also provided, which displays a web page with various fields that the instructor will fill in to define the new calendar item entry, e.g., description, date, and time.
• the calendar entry may be uploaded directly to the server for later access by the student. After submitting the new entry to the server, the new calendar page is posted to all students registered in the class as described above.
• the Course Tasks link 1630 displays a web page 1900 as shown in FIG. 19 that will set forth all of the tasks that have been posted for the course, and a modify button 1902 and a remove button 1904.
• An Add Task button 1906 is also provided, which displays a web page with various fields that the instructor will fill in to define the new task entry, e.g., description, date, and time.
• the task entry may be uploaded directly to the server for later access by the student. After submitting the new entry to the server, the new tasks page is posted to all students registered in the class as described above.
• the Send Email link 1632 displays a web page that is similar to the one the user will be provided with in his email function, e.g., allows selection of individual users associated with the course, certain predefined groups of users such as all students.
• the Instructor Library link 1634 displays a web page 2000 as shown in FIG. 20 that will set forth all of the folders and files that have been posted by the instructor for the course, and a modify button 2002 and a remove button 2004. These materials are accessible to instructors only and not to students directly.
• An Add File button 2006 and an Add Folder 2008 button is also provided, which displays a web page with various fields that the instructor will fill in to define the new entry.
• the instructor is able to select the Add From Institution button 2010 to select a new reference that is available from a pool of references made available to all instructors from the institution.
• the new entry may be uploaded directly to the server for later access by the instructors associated with the course. After submitting the new entry to the server, the new Instructor Library page is posted to all instructors associated with the course.
• the Virtual classroom link 1636 displays a web page that provides a link to either launch a virtual classroom and participate in real-time, synchronous classroom sessions), or to view the classroom archives, where are previous classroom session views and/or download these sessions to the instructor's computer.
• Each course includes a virtual classroom, which is a synchronous chat room for student and group communications.
• the Virtual classroom can be used to hold "live" classroom discussions, TA sessions, and office hour type question/answer forums. One can even have guest speakers and subject matter experts talk with the class in the Virtual classroom.
• a Virtual classroom contains several distinct areas.
• the Whiteboard Space is where web pages are displayed, which is the large center area.
• the Menu Bar is used to change the information that appears on the whiteboard space, such as selecting a font to use on the whiteboard space and moving an object on the whiteboard space behind another object.
• the Application Tool Bar contains tools for navigating web pages.
• the Location Field is used to enter the URL of a web page the user would like to use during the Virtual classroom session. The web page is then displayed on the whiteboard space. Users can also write or draw on the web page with the drawing toolbar.
• the Drawing Toolbar is used to write and draw on the whiteboard space.
• the Status s Region is where status messages are displayed at the bottom of the Virtual classroom window.
• the Tab Panel is used to chat with students, respond to students' questions, control classroom behavior, and view information about the students in the Virtual classroom.
• Questions and Answers If a student uses his/her Questions tab to submit a question to the instructor, the instructor can then answer the question using the Incoming Questions tab. Thereafter, the instructor can view a log of their dialogue regarding the question on the Questions and Answers tab.
• Participant Information Use this tab to learn about the students in the Virtual classroom, such as their names. Slides Use this tab to prepare and present a series of slides. (See Options in Preparing Lessons). The tab is only available to the Instructor.
• Incoming Questions If a student uses his/her Questions tab to submit a question to the instructor, the instructor can then answer the question using the Incoming Questions tab. Thereafter, the instructor can view a log of their dialogue regarding the question on the Questions and Answers tab.
• the Incoming Questions tab is only available to the instructor.
• Selection of the Discussion Board link 1638 displays a web page that provides links to the available discussion boards that are associated with the course.
• a discussion board is another communication tool to use in a classroom setting. This feature is similar to Virtual Chat, but is designed for asynchronous use, so users do not have to be available at the same time to have a conversation.
• An additional advantage of the discussion board is that user conversations are logged and organized. Conversations are grouped into forums that contain threads and all related replies.
• Selection of the Digital Dropbox link 1640 displays a web page 2100 as shown in FIG. 21 that lists the files that exist in the digital dropbox.
• the Digital Dropbox is a tool that the instructor and students can use to exchange files.
• the Dropbox works by "uploading" a file from a disk or a computer to a central location. A participant can then come and "download” it to work locally.
• the Digital Dropbox is used to exchange materials between a single student and the instructor. Information that needs to be posted for all students should be placed in the Course Documents area using the Page Editors.
• the web page 2100 displayed lists the current files in the dropbox, which are the files that participants have sent to the user. Files posted here can be accessed and saved.
• the Send File 2102 to the s Student area is where files are uploaded and sent to specific students. The user can also delete files that are no longer needed.
• the Course Options area 1608 includes a Course Options link 1642 that will display a web page to the instructor that has the links for Button Availability, Tool Availability, Course Availability, Course Duration, Enrollment Options, Enrollment Fees, and Guest Access. Selection of the Button Availability link will display a web page that will allow the user to set and configure the buttons that are used by students in that course, including enabling or disabling them, or making them secure (i.e., only accessible by enrolled students).
• Selection of the Tool Availability link will display a web page that will allow the instructor to enable or disable the student tools and communication functions for that course, e.g., email, discussion board, virtual chat, student roster, group pages, student dropbox, edit homepage, personal information, calendar, grades, tasks, electric blackboard, student manual, and course search).
• Selection of the Course Availability link will display a web page that will allow the instructor to enable or disable the availability of the course to students, i.e., it can be kept unavailable until the course site is finished).
• Selection of the Course Duration link will display a web page that will allow the instructor to select the duration of the course, e.g., continuous, start and end dates, or number of days from the date of enrollment.
• Selection of the Enrollment Options link will display a web page that will allow the instructor to select the enrollment options as either "instructor led”, which allows students to email enrollment requests to the instructor, or "self-enrollment", which also will specify the start and end dates and optionally require entry by the student of an access code to enroll.
• Selection of the Enrollment Fees link will display a web page that will allow the instructor to specify if fees should be charged for enrollment in the course, and what the fees should be.
• Selection of the Guest Access link will display a web page that will allow the instructor to specify if guests may access the course.
• Selection of the Course Properties link 1644 in the Course Options area 1608 displays a web page that enables the instructor to add and/or edit course properties, including the course name, a description of the course, and a subject area for categorization purposes.
• Selection of the Course Utilities link 1646 in the course options area 1608 displays a web page that enables the instructor to select a Course Recycler link, an Export Course Link, or an Import
• the Course Recycler link enables the instructor to recycle the course by selectively removing areas of the course, which are displayed as check boxes next to various content categories, e.g., course documents, course information, textbooks, assignments, etc., various staff areas and external web links. The instructor can also choose to recycle other areas such as discussion boards, gradebook, assessments, etc.
• the Export Course link enables the instructor to export all, or specific sections, of the course, e.g., content, users, assessments, and/or discussion boards.
• the Import Course Cartridge link enables the instructor to download and install a course cartridge, if they have an access key.
• Selection of the Course Images link 1648 in the course options area displays a web page that enables the instructor to select a Button Style link (to set the button styles for the course) and to select a Course Banner link (to add or remove a course banner on the first page of the course).
• Selection of the Academic Web Resource link 1650 in the course options area displays a web page that enables the instructor to select an Enable/Disable Academic Web Button link (to enable or disable the resources button the course homepage) or a Customize Academic Web Button link (to designate the Academic Resources for the course, wherein the instructor can customize the number of links and the content that is available for the students).
• Selection of the Add Users link 1652 in the user management area 1610 displays a web page that enables the instructor to select a Create User link, an Enroll Existing User link, or a Batch Add User link.
• the Create User link displays a web page that will enable the instructor to create a new user account and enroll him in the course, by inputting name, address, and other information regarding the user, designating the user's access level and providing a password if desired.
• the Enroll Existing User link displays a web page that enables the instructor to enroll a user in the course.
• the Batch Add Users link displays a web page that enables the instructor to create all of the user accounts by uploading a text file containing the user data.
• Selection of the List/Modify Users link 1654 in the user management area 1610 displays a web page that enables the instructor to list and/or modify the users of the course, while selection of the Remove Users link 1656 displays a web page that enables the instructor to remove a user if desired from the course.
• Selection of the Manage Groups link 1658 enables the instructor to create and edit certain user groups, e.g., gifted students or remedial students.
• assessments within the course, instructors are able to provide quizzes, tests, and surveys on-line. Included may be essay, true/false, multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, or matching questions.
• the questions can include text, graphics or multimedia.
• instant feedback is provided through automatic grading functionality.
• the instructor there is the ability to randomize the tests, time them, and create statistical reports of outcomes.
• Assessments within this system are an optimal way to increase student preparedness for class and to track and compare student progress over time.
• the Assessment area 1612 of the control panel 1602 allows the instructor to select an Assessment Manager link 1660, a Pool Manager link 1662, an On-line Gradebook link 1664, or a Course Statistics link 1666.
• Selection of the Assessment Manager link 1660 in the assessment area 1612 displays a web page that enables the instructor to create, edit and otherwise manage the assessment content areas.
• the instructor may create an assessment by entering an assessment name, a description, and setting certain parameters including Show Detailed Results, which shows the students the results for each question instead of simply their final grade, Reveal Correct Answer, which shows the students the correct answer for each question, Feedback Enabled, which allows students to view the feedback that the instructor has entered for each question, Allow Multiple Attempts, which allows students to take the assessment more than once, Set Time for Quiz, which sets a timer that is shown to the student during the exam, and Password Protect, which allows only those students with the entered password to take the test.
• a web page is displayed that enables the instructor to modify the assessment by adding items.
• An item is added by selecting the type of question, e.g., multiple choice, true/false, or fill in the blank, typing in the question text and possible answers with an indication of the correct one, specify the order of answers.
• the order of the questions also can be changed in this web page as well.
• Selection of the Pool Manager link 1662 in the assessment area 1612 can display a web page that enables the instructor to Add Pool, Import Pool, Search Pool, or Export Pool.
• Pools are predefined groups of questions and answer sets that are logically linked, usually by subject matter, so that an instructor may draw from a pool to obtain existing questions and answers sets from other courses, instructors, semesters, etc. and not have to "recreate the wheel" every time they generate or modify a test.
• the Add Pool button the instructor can add a new pool to the list of pools displayed on the Pool Manager web page. He will have to type in the name of the new pool and a description of it on this form.
• the instructor By clicking the Import Pool button, the instructor will enter the name of an existing pool to import, or alternatively browse a disk drive to find the pool to import.
• the Search Pool button the instructor is presented with a web page that will enumerate various available pools that can be searched for questions of interest for importing. The entire pool can be previewed by selecting a preview mode, and all of the available questions in that pool may be viewed.
• a pool By clicking the Export Pool button, a pool may be selected for exporting purposes.
• the instructor may modify the pool, in which case a web page is displayed that lists all of the questions (and associated answer sets) that are in the pool. Each question in the pool may be modified in the same manner as explained above with respect to the assessment manager. Likewise, questions may be deleted entirely from a pool, and new questions may be added to the pool as described above with respect to the assessment manager.
• Selection of the on-line Gradebook link 1664 in the assessment area displays a web page that enables the instructor to perform various functions with respect to the on-line course gradebook.
• FIG. 22 illustrates a web page 2200 entitled "Course Gradebook", which provides a variety of information including consolidated grades, individual assignment/test scores, direct access to specific assignments or tests by student, or a look at a specific test with aggregated results. This allows the instructor to organize the grade information so that it is meaningful. It provides insight into the effectiveness of certain assignments and provides a bridge for allowing instructor assessment of assignment and class content.
• the functions is provided on the On-line Gradebook web page in the assessment area of the control panel include Report By User, which is used to find a specific user and view statistics, assessment results, and modification of any scores for a user), Report By Item, which is used to view information about a specific gradebook item, Spreadsheet View, which is standard gradebook view as shown in FIG. 22, the instructor can modify, add or remove gradebook entries as well as view assessment results, and Export Gradebook, which is exported as a comma-delimited file.
• Selection of the Course Statistics link 1666 in the assessment area displays a web page that enables the instructor to set parameters and view certain statistics for their course. Most instructors want to analyze their class by how much their on-line materials are being accessed, but very few have the opportunity to take the time or the effort to determine these numbers.
• the course statistics web page 2300 shown in FIGs. 23A and 23B the system provides a rich tool set for instructors to evaluate the relative statistics of their courses. These statistics may be valuable for evaluating on-line versus non-on-line courses to determine the relative efficacy of on-line materials and how they are enhancing the course.
• the Course Statistics web page has input fields for selecting a report filter, which will yield a report with Overall Summary of Course Usage, Main Content Areas report,
• a time period must be specified, which may be all dates or between a begin and an end date.
• the users must be selected, which will be either all users or a selected subset thereof.
• Other options include Total Number of Access per Area 2302, Number of Accesses over Time 2304, User Accesses per Hour of Day 2306 or Day of Week 2308, and Total Accesses by User 2310. The data, charts and graphs as shown in FIGs.
• Assistance area 1614 defined in the Control Panel, which sets forth links that will provide the instructor with various types of help. Selecting the On-line Manual link 1668 will retrieve an HTML based Instructor Manual in a separate browser window.
• the On-line Support link 1670 will retrieve a web page with contact info for sending an email to a support person, and the Contact Admin link 1672 will bring up a web page with contact info for sending an email to an administrative contact.
• the Administrator Panel 2402 gives the system administrator complete access to all of the features of the system including portal features, course and club creation and management, institution and system tools, e-commerce features, user management, and other various institutional options. This is accessed by selecting the Enterprise Administration tab 2404 shown on the homepage.
• the Administrator panel 2402 includes a Portal Areas group 2406 of functions, a System
• Tools area 2408 an Enterprise Tools Area 2410, a System Options Area 2412, a Course and
• Selection of the My Institution tab 2422 in the Portal Area 2406 provides a web page that lists four hyperlink selectable options: Customize Institution Tab, Institutional Module Options, All
• the Customize Institution Tab link will provide a web page that allows the user (an enterprise administrator, in this case) to enable/disable the appearance of the "My Institution" tab for all users, as well as enable/disable a Welcome Message that may be displayed at logon.
• the user may also select an image for the tab, as well as the name, and provide a predefined URL that will be associated with the tab when selected by the end user.
• the Institutional Module Options refers to the default layout is the set of modules that new users sees the first time they log in to the portal. This allows the enterprise administrator to enable/disable and/or set as required the following modules: My Courses, My Organizations, Today's Announcements, Today's Tasks, Today's Calendar, School Services, Student Module, Faculty Module, Staff Module, Alumni Module, Perspective Student Module, Guest Module, Other Module, Institution Newspaper Module, and Blank Module, which may be customized.
• the All Module Options link allows the user to enable/disable and/or set as required the following modules: Bookmark, Calculator, Channels, Clip, Comment Clip, Custom is Search, Directory, Discussion Boards, various co-branded portal links, such as EXCITE news, entertainment features, stock prices, sports updates, maps, and shopping site links, yellow pages links.
• the Off-Campus Institution Partnerships link allows the user to add, modify, and edit hyperlinks to web sites with which the institution has formed various partner or other types of arrangements. This could be a partnership with an off-campus bookstore may be provided as a means for supplementing the on campus bookstore.
• Selection of the Course tab 2424 in the Portal Area provides a web page that lists four hyperlink selectable options: Customize Courses Tab, Enable/Disable Course Creation, Course Catalog Options, and Off-Campus Learning Partnerships.
• the Customize Courses Tab link will provide a web page that allows the user, again an enterprise administrator, in this case, to enable/disable the appearance of the "Courses" tab for all users. The user may also select an image for the tab, as well as the name, and provide a predefined URL that will be associated with the tab when selected by the end user.
• Selection of the Enable/Disable Creation Option link provides a web page that allows the enterprise administrator to select an option to not allow users to create courses, to allow users to create courses, or to allow the user to send an email request for course creation.
• Selection of the Course Catalog Options link provides a web page that allows the enterprise administrator to select the use of a default course catalog or to specify the use of an internal course catalog and the URL of its location.
• the Off-Campus Learning Partnerships link allows the user to add, modify, and edit hyperlinks to web sites with which the institution has formed various learning partner arrangements. Examples are a link to the KAPLAN or TUTORNET web sites.
• Selection of the Community tab 2426 in the Portal Area provides a web page that lists five hyperlink selectable options: Customize Community Tab, Enable/Disable User Creation of
• the Customize Community Tab link will provide a web page that allows the ente ⁇ rise administrator to enable/disable the appearance of the "Community" tab for all users.
• the user may also select an image for the tab, as well as the name, and provide a predefined URL that will be associated with the tab when selected by the end user.
• Selection of the Organization Catalog Options link provides a web page that allows the ente ⁇ rise administrator to select the use of a default club catalog or to specify an internal club catalog and the URL of its location.
• the Manage Discussion Board link provides a web page that allows the user to set various parameters and otherwise add and manage various discussion boards on the system.
• the Off-Campus Community Partnerships link allows the user to add, modify, and edit hyperlinks to web sites with which the institution has formed various arrangements.
• Selection of the Services tab 2428 in the Portal Area provides a web page that lists three hyperlink selectable options: Customize Services Tab, Institution Services, and Off-Campus Service Partnerships.
• the Customize Services Tab link will provide a web page that allows the ente ⁇ rise administrator to enable/disable the appearance of the "Services" tab for all users. The user may also select an image for the tab, as well as the name, and provide a predefined URL that will be associated with the tab when selected by the end user.
• Selection of the Institution Services tab allows the user to create and manage links to other relevant parts of the campus intranet.
• the Off-Campus Service Partnerships link allows the user to add, modify, and edit hyperlinks to web sites with which the institution has formed various service arrangements.
• the Manage Institution Library web page allows the user to add new items from local disk or his inbox into the institution library, edit items, or remove items.
• the View Published Requests web page allows users to view, approve and reject instructor published files for the Institution Library.
• Management 2423 which provide conventional email and domain name management services.
• the Gateway Options link 2425 provides a web page that will determine whether the login button, course catalog, and new user account button appears on the gateway page.
• the System Settings link 2427 provides a web page with links to Button Overrides, which sets which button areas can be used throughout the system), Tool Overrides, which sets which tools can be used throughout the system), System Settings/Overrides, which set overrides for course and club tools and properties across the entire system), and Course Disk Quotas, which sets file system disk quotas for courses.
• the System Statistics link 2431 provides a web page with links to a System Reports web page, which allows the enterprise administrator to view reports covering the system and its usage, an Auto-Reporting Options web page, (which sets various options for automatically reporting statistics to a service provider), and a Send System Statistics web page, which will send the statistics to the service provider on demand.
• the Institution Properties tab 2430 provides a web page that allows the enterprise administrator to view system information such the current version of the software, the registration page, and email contacts.
• the Colors and Images link 2432 allows access to a web page that allows the administrator to modify the aesthetic properties of the web site.
• the Course and Community Management area 2414 of the Portal Manager provides hyperlinks for Create Course 2436, Manage Courses 2438, Course Utilities 2440, Course Catalog 2442, Create Organization 2444, Manage Organization 2446, organization Utilities 2448, and Organization Catalog 2450.
• the Create Course web page 2900 is shown in FIG. 29.
• the administrator will enter the requested information about the desired course; e.g., the course name, and ID, and a textual description on the web page. The administrator can then specify properties of the buttons ⁇ at will be used along with the course to match his aesthetic concerns.
• the administrator can then specify various options, such as the subject area of the course, whether guests may access the course, if the course is currently available, if a course cartridge may be obtained and its URL and access key, and the instructor ID for the course.
• the Manage Courses web page allows the administrator to list and/or modify courses, remove them from the system, and set certain default tools, e.g., email, Discussion Board, Virtual Chat,
• the Course Utilities web page allows the administrator to select a Copy Course link (to make a copy of a course with a new course ID), an
• the Course Catalog link allows the user to categorize course and otherwise manage the course catalog.
• the User Management area 2416 of the Portal Manager provides hyperlinks for Create User 2452, Manage Users 2454, and User Utilities 2456.
• the Create User web page 3000 (FIGS. 30A and 30B) allows creation of a user entry by entering personal information, such as name, address, etc., and a user name and password.
• the access level of the user is set at this time, which may be a Student, Faculty, Staff, Alumni, Guest, etc.
• the user may be given an administrative access level at this point by selecting the appropriate option that is available, such as, None, System Admin, System Support, Course Creator, Account Admin).
• the role of the user will determine the access and control of the system that the user will have as explained throughout this document.
• the Manage User web page allows listing, modification, and/or removal of users.
• the User Utilities link 2456 allows the system administrator to Batch Create Users, which will cause the uploading of a file of user data in predefined formats compatible with the system), Batch Enroll Users, which will cause the importing of a file to enroll users in courses and clubs that exist in the system), and Batch Remove Users, which will cause the importing of a file to remove users from the system).
• the E-Commerce area 2418 of the Portal Manager provides links to web pages for Sponsorships 2458, Partnership Program 2460, and Course E-Commerce 2462.
• the Sponsorship web page has links to Primary Site Sponsor web page a "My Institution" Area Sponsor, a Course Area Sponsor, a Community Area Sponsor, and a Services Area Sponsor. These links allow the user to designate if a sponsor is used in each of these capacities and an image of the sponsor link.
• the Partnership program page allows the administrator to enroll the institution in the service provider partnership program, which can bring additional e commerce opportunities to the portal environment.
• the Course E-Commerce page provides links to Enable/Disable Course and Club E-Commerce, which permits the selection of e-commerce options for charging fees for the courses or clubs, allow administrators to set prices and allows club leaders or instructors to set prices, and a Price Course link to manage or set the cost of enrolling in courses or organizations.
• the system's "Community" tab 2502 provides the web page 2500 shown in FIG. 25, which allows students to interact and be involved in all aspects of campus life from fraternities and sororities to off-campus communities that enhance the learning experience. Many campuses also provide rich services such as job availability through the community function.
• the Community center is the web equivalent of the student union building.
• FIG. 26, selected by tab 2602, enables users to register, add, drop, check records, or even pay parking tickets while on-line at anytime.
• the system also provides a calendar 2700 that inco ⁇ orates personal as well as institutional information in a single view, as shown in FIG. 27.
• the calendar utility gives students and teachers access to all calendar events for each of the courses they are enrolled in, as well as institutional calendar events.
• email Since email is the single most popular application on the Internet today, and the leading reason that most people purchase personal computers, email has been integrated with the system, as shown by the web page 2800 in FIG. 28. Within a personalized home page, the user will be able to access complete email capabilities.
• the email system sits on top of the existing POP or LMAP server and offers a web -based front end so that the user may access messages from any machine at any time.
• FIGs. 31 and 32 show web pages 3100 and 3200 that can be accessed by tab 3102 to provide links that allow students and teachers to find and access academic resources and content. These resources are also context-sensitive to the course discipline. For example, if one accesses the academic web resources from an accounting course, he/she is automatically directed to news and information sources that are relevant to accounting. The user has access to news, web links, reference works, and search engines that enhance the ability to locate relevant information quickly.
• a system and method for applying E-commerce to education allows users visiting a web site to register and pay for courses provided by a college, university, or other institution.
• FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating information passed from a course registration server to a payment server.
• a student may add courses of interest to a list, or "shopping cart".
• a student may proceed from a registration or review area (Block 100) to a "checkout" area (Block 1 10), as illustrated in FIG. 34.
• a checkout information, such as, but not limited to, name, address, cost of courses, order identifier, order description, and a page to which a user is to be returned when an order is complete, is passed on.
• Information passed from a registration or review area may be used to generate a payment form.
• FIG. 35 at 205 shows a sample of a payment form.
• a payment form may consist of an introductory paragraph 210, a purchase summary 220, and a payment information area 230.
• An introductory paragraph 210 may be used to instruct a student in requirements at each stage of the payment process.
• a purchase summary 220 may include services and products selected, per-unit prices, quantities requested, inventory numbers for each product or service selected, an invoice or purchase number, a total price, and other, similar information.
• a payment information area 230 can be used to collect payment information from a student.
• a student may be required to enter some information manually, such as, but not limited to, credit card type, credit card number, credit card expiration date, name on credit card, credit card billing address, check number, checking account number, bank routing number, debit card number, and personal identification number ("PIN code"). If a student has previously used the present invention, some information may be automatically entered based on previously submitted forms. Information transferred from a registration server may also be used to fill in some form fields. When a student has reviewed entered information, a form may be submitted for processing by activating a button or other interface element.
• FIG. 36 at 3600 shows a block diagram illustrating interaction between a payment server and a payment validation server.
• a payment validation server may be maintained as part of the present invention, or payment validation servers may be maintained by one or more third parties, such as, but not limited to, CyberCash, Inc.
• a payment validation server processes transmitted information, contacts a bank or other institution issuing the credit card or other payment form, and verifies that a payment of the amount requested is authorized. If payment of the requested amount is authorized, authorization information, including, but not limited to, a confirmation number, may be transmitted to a payment server. If payment of the specified amount is not authorized, other information, such as a declination code, may be transmitted to a payment server. If payment is not authorized, a payment error message similar to that shown at 320 may be displayed.
• FIG. 37 at 3700 shows a sample of a payment information page. A student may print or otherwise record information displayed on a payment information page for his or her records. A payment information page can include a thank you, confirmation, or other message as shown at 3702.
• a payment information page may also include information such as, but not limited to, confirmation or declination information; goods, services, and classes purchased;, and total price charged as shown at 3704.
• a payment information page may include a button or other interface element which a user can activate to continue processing. The exact behavior of this interface element may be determined by the referring system through the URL or other data element which is illustrated in FIG. 34.
• FIG. 38 at 3800 shows a block diagram illustrating post-order processing.
• a payment information page may also contain a button or other interface element which, when activated, causes a web page to be displayed or performs other processing steps. Activating the button or interface element may also cause some authorization/ declination information to be transferred to a college, university, or other institution's accounting department for processing as shown at 3802.
• the present invention may be used as an open platform environment, where anyone with access to the Internet may register as an instructor to create, administer, and make available a course to anyone else with Internet access.
• a user may register as an instructor and be provided with an instructor control panel for creating course as described herein.
• course parameters such as a description, enrollment options, announcements, assessments, and course materials, etc., and provide them in the various web pages as described above.
• the user can then let others know about the availability of the course on-line, and a potential student may access the publicly available web site to enroll in the course. In this manner, anyone can create a virtual classroom without the need to be affiliated with an institution, and disseminate knowledge through the course as previously unavailable.
• the multi-language (ML) embodiment of the present invention provides an interactive system and method that may be used by system users at various levels for distributing and using information over a network such that it is readily adaptable for more than one language.
• This embodiment may be implemented through the system shown, for example, in FIG. IB.
• the ML feature, or embodiment, of the present invention can be used in various settings, such as the delivery of academic course work and/or corporate training.
• the system and method accommodate system users such that users at different levels will have different types of system access and control, particularly in the context of the multi-language capabilities and/or functionality.
• the ML embodiment of the present invention can utilize two or more languages in conjunction, for example, with recognizing and displaying multiple locales at run-time.
• a "locale" can include, for example, a collection of translated text (e.g., English to Italian) and/or text formats (e.g., currency, numeric formats, dates) that are used to display the text of an application.
• the locale can be specified by a user, a course instructor, and/or a system administrator.
• FIG. 39 an exemplary gateway screen display is shown that can facilitate the use of various locales.
• IB determines which locale to display by, for example, examining HTTP headers and/or one or more cookies from a web browser 1008.
• HTTP header ⁇ htmlxheadxmeta
• HTTP- EQUIV content-type
• CONTENT text/html
• the UTF-8 charset set is representative of an encoding of
• ISO/EC 10646 International Standards Organization / International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/EC) 10646, using a different number of bytes for different characters.
• ISO/EC 10646-1 (1993) ISO/EC 10646-1
• the Unicode Standard can be used for character encoding.
• the Unicode Standard, Version 4.0.0 defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 2003. ISBN 0-321-18578-1), is incorporated herein by reference.
• the basic encoding scheme is called Universal Character Set-2 (UCS-2), which stores each character as a 16-bit value. This 16-bit value corresponds directly to its value in the Unicode Standard.
• Universal Transformation Format-8 (UTF-8) is a format that breaks Unicode values into 8-bit sequences that work well on the WWW.
• UTF-8 is supported by Internet Explorer (Microsoft Co ⁇ ., Redmond, WA) and Netscape Communicator (AOL-Time Warner Inc., New York, NY).
• user interface 1008 which may be a browser, can utilize UTF-8, and database 1020 and/or database 1052 can utilize UTF-8 or UCS-2.
• the UTF-8 and UCS-2 encoding can be facilitated by the underlying relational database technologies (e.g., database 1020).
• Microsoft SQL Server and/or Oracle databases can be utilized.
• Data structures which are to store locale-dependent data should be encoded using the proper encoding supported by the particular database 1020 utilized.
• gateway negotiation If the selected locale matches an available locale made available, for example, by server 1040, that locale is used to display the gateway page 3901.
• the list of installed locales 3902 is displayed on gateway page 3901 , using the negotiated locale.
• Exemplary pseudo-code that can be used to implement the gateway negotiation is as follows:
• FIG. 40 shows an exemplary screen display 4000 that demonstrates how a system administrator can specify a default locale. Locales 3902 are displayed with corresponding locale codes
• Column 4002 allows the administrator select a locale as the default locale.
• Column 4006 can be selected to determine whether the default locale selected is allowed for users. For example, if locale 4) Fran ⁇ ois (France) was not checked, the Francais (France) locale would not appear in locale display 4102.
• column 4008 can be selected to determine whether the default locale selected is allowed for course use. For example, if locale 7) Espa ⁇ ol (Espafia) was not checked, courses being offered taught could not utilize the Espaf ⁇ ol (Espa ⁇ a) locale.
• FIG. 41 shows an exemplary screen display 4100 that demonstrates how, for example, a system administrator and/or course instructor and/or other individual having privileges can specify a course locale.
• Pulldown menu 4102 can be used to select the course locale.
• the pulldown menu will include those locales that have been checked in column 4008 (FIG. 40).
• the instructor, administrator, or other authorized user can select, using, for example, a conventional mouse, the Submit icon 4104 to invoke the locale.
• the Cancel icon 4106 can be selected, for example, to return to the previous menu.
• Box 4108 can be checked to make the locale mandatory, in which case the course menu frame 4206, and navigation frame 4204 will be displayed in the selected locale, as will be described subsequently.
• the browser display environment can include a top frame 4202, a navigation frame 4204, a course frame menu 4206, and a course content frame 4208.
• Top frame 4202 may include, for example, the File, Edit, View, Favorites, Tools, and Help selections, as well as, for example, Back, Forward, Stop, Refresh, Home, Search, Favorites, Media, History, Mail, Print, and/or Edit icons that typically appear on conventional web browsers.
• Top frame 4202 can also include, for example, a location (or address) bar, where a user can type in the location, e.g., a URL of a desired web-site.
• a Go icon for example, can then be pressed or selected to go to the web-site.
• Top frame 4202 can also optionally include various WWW search tools.
• Course menu frame 4206 can include various course related icons, such as: Announcements, Course Information, Course Documents, Assignments, and the like.
• course content frame 4208 can display information associated with a selected icon from the course menu frame 4206.
• Navigation frame 4204 can be used to display the current course.
• FIG. 43 at 4300 shows an exemplary screen display of an offered course.
• An exemplary top frame 4202, navigation frame 4204, course menu frame 4206 and course content frame 4208 are shown.
• the associated Enforce Course Locale: box 4108 (FIG. 41 ) has been checked, as indicated by navigation frame 4204, course menu frame 4206 and course content frame 4208, each of which are displayed in the selected locale, in this case, Italian.
• course content frame 4208 can include material that does not conform with the selected locale.
• no translation e.g.,
• English to Italian is performed for material submitted for course content frame 4208.
• This advantageously allows, for example, a course instructor to provide material that can be displayed in course content frame 4208 that is not of the selected locale (e.g., Italian). That is, an instructor can provide course material in Italian in course content frame 4208, as well as material in one or more languages other than Italian.
• FIG. 44 at 4400 shows an exemplary screen display of an offered course.
• Top frame 4202, navigation frame 4204, course menu frame 4206 and course content frame 4208 are shown.
• the associated Enforce Course Locale: box 4108 has been not been checked, which causes the navigation frame 4204 and course menu frame 4206 to be displayed in the user's default locale, in this case, English.
• Top frame 4202 is also displayed in the user's default locale. If a user clicks on Announcements in course menu frame 4206, a first person 4209 can post material 4210 in Italian, and a second person 421 1 can post material 4212, for example, in Chinese. Other people can post other material in one or more languages of their choice.
• FIG. 45 at 4500 shows an exemplary method of operation of a ML embodiment of the present invention.
• server 1040 can examine headers contained of a browser transmission to determine if the server 1040 supports the specified locale in the header. If, at decision step 4504, it is determined that the locales match, then the gateway screen (FIG. 41 ) is displayed in the locale specified in the header at step 4508. If the locales do not match, then server 1040 can display a default locale on browser 1008 at step 4506.
• the list of installed locales (FIG. 39, 3902) is displayed on the gateway page, using the locale negotiated at decision step 4504.
• a determination is made to verify that browser 1008 supports the selected locale. If browser 1008 supports the selected locale, the user-selected locale is displayed at 4512. If browser
• the server 1040 default locale can be utilized at 4516.
• a login screen can be displayed with the newly specified or system default locale, as determined at decision step 4514.
• the user can login to server 1040 which, at decision step 4522, determines the locale for the user logging on. If available, the user's preferred locale is displayed at step 4520. The user's preferred locale can be the same as the locale negotiated at decision step 4514. If the user's preferred locale is not available, the server 1040 default locale can be displayed at step 4524 which can be the same locale as provided in step 4516.
• a user navigates to a course.
• Server 1040 can determine the locale configured for the course.
• An instructor for example, may select a locale for the course that is allowed by the administrator, as discussed with regard to FIG. 40. Additionally, an instructor, for example, can check the Enforce Locale Box: 4108 (FIG. 41 ) to enforce the locale selected for the course.
• a determination is made whether the course locale is mandatory. If the course locale is enforced, at step 4532 the course frames, e.g., navigation frame 4204, course menu frame 4206, can be displayed in the locale specified for the course, overriding any user-specified locale.
• course content frame 4208 can also be displayed in the locale specified for the course.
• Course content frame 4208 can also be left to display any material supplied by, for example, an instructor, which may differ from the locale specified for the course. If the course locale is not enforced, at step 4528 the course frames, e.g., navigation frame
• course menu frame 4206 can be displayed in the user-specified locale as specified, for example, in an HTTP header from the user's browser 4008 that is transmitted to server 4040.
• server 4040 can return a default locale if, for example, server 4040 does not support the user-specified locale in the HTTP header

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