WO2003075483A1

WO2003075483A1 - Submarine repeating equipment

Info

Publication number: WO2003075483A1
Application number: PCT/JP2002/001961
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kosei Tsuji; Katsuhiko Horinouchi; Kentaro Kokura; Masaki Nakaoka; Kouji Takahashi
Original assignee: Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
Priority date: 2002-03-04
Filing date: 2002-03-04
Publication date: 2003-09-12

Abstract

A submarine repeating equipment in which an oscillatory voltage/current being induced in a repeater circuit upon intrusion of a surge can be suppressed. Cushioning members are laid at the inner circumferential part of a container along the axis thereof and an insulator is provided on the inside of the cushioning member. A semiconductive layer of a semiconductive material composing a low resistance resistive layer is provided on the inside of the insulator and an internal unit comprising the repeater circuit and a choke coil and an arrester connected with the repeater circuit is disposed on the inside of the semiconductive layer. A submarine cable having a feeder is connected with the opposite ends of the internal unit while penetrating a field through.

Description

Specification

Submarine repeater

Technical field

The present invention relates to a submarine repeater, and more particularly to a submarine repeater that can suppress an oscillating voltage and current generated in a repeater circuit of a submarine repeater due to a surge when a surge enters.

Background art

FIG. 7 is a sectional view schematically showing a conventional submarine repeater. In FIG. 7, a container 2 1a having a hollow shape and an end plate 21b that seals both ends of the container 21a is provided. An internal unit 24 composed of a relay circuit having a plurality of resistors and choke coils is accommodated on the axis of 1a via a buffer member 22 and an insulator 23. A submarine cable 26 having an optical fiber for transmitting an optical signal and a power supply line for transmitting electric power is connected to both ends of the internal unit 24 via a field through 25 provided on the end face plate 21b. ing. In addition, the housing 21, the cushioning member 22, the insulator 23, the internal unit 24, and the field through 25 constitute a submarine relay device 27.

FIG. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram schematically illustrating the internal unit 24 of the submarine repeater 27. As shown in Fig. 8, resistors Ra, Rb and choke coils La, Lb are connected in series to both ends of the repeater circuits 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d. ARES AR is connected to both ends in parallel with these circuits. In addition, the capacity C is formed by the insulator 23 interposed between the inner unit 24 and the housing 21.

Next, the operation will be described. Insulation of submarine cable '26 is damaged or It is assumed that the surge current generated by the current induced by the lightning strike into the submarine cable 26 enters the submarine cable 26, and the surge current propagates through the submarine cable 26 and enters the submarine repeater 27. In this case, back electromotive force is generated in the choke coils La and Lb until the arc protection AR, which is the surge protection element, is ignited, and the current suddenly flows in the repeater circuits 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d. Is suppressed so that it does not flow. In addition, when the surge voltage exceeds the firing condition of ARES AR, surge current does not flow in the repeater circuits 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d because the surge current flows to the ARES AR side. .

However, at this time, the charge that was charged in the capacity C by the power supply is discharged. The current caused by this discharge resonates due to the inductance of the choke coils La and Lb and the capacitance of the capacitor C. Therefore, the oscillating current flows into the line to which the capacity C of the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 8 is connected, and into the repeater circuits 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d. The oscillating frequency of this oscillating current changes from hundreds of kHz to hundreds of MHz, and a rising edge of several seconds to several hundred ns ec enters the repeater circuit, and in some cases, the elements in the repeater circuit There was a problem of damage.

In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-30227, a voltage charged in a capacitor formed by an insulator interposed between an internal unit and a housing is connected by connecting a resistor between the housing and the internal unit. A submarine repeater capable of discharging rapidly is shown. Although this submarine repeater is not intended for surge protection, even with the above configuration, if the resistance value is optimized, a parallel circuit consisting of L (reactance) and R (resistance) C (capacitance) is formed. In general, it is possible to suppress oscillating voltage and current due to surge. However, since the submarine repeater is driven by DC current, if a resistor is connected between the power supply line and the grounding housing, current will always flow into this resistor during power feeding. As a result, power loss occurs, and multiple submarine repeaters must be installed over long distances (thousands of kilometers), as in optical submarine communication systems. If provided, power loss will increase.

Also, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H5-262813, a diode having a zener-voltage lower than the zener-voltage of the diode is connected to a relay circuit at the middle point of the diode-configured circuit. Power supply is possible. Since current flows only in one direction inside the repeater circuit, surges in the reverse direction are suppressed by a repeater without such a protection circuit. However, such a circuit cannot prevent the oscillating voltage and current discharged from the capacitive insulator during the operation of the ares, and in the worst case, may damage the elements in the repeater circuit. there were.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and has provided a submarine relay liquid device capable of suppressing an oscillating voltage and current generated in a repeater circuit due to a surge when a surge enters. The purpose is to provide.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention relates to a submarine repeater connected to a submarine cable, wherein an inner unit having a repeater circuit, a choke coil connected to the repeater circuit, and a surge protection element is provided inside a hollow container. It is provided along the axis and includes a capacitive insulator that insulates between the container and the internal unit, and a semiconductive layer that is in contact with the insulator and forms a low-resistance resistance layer.

With this configuration, when a surge voltage or current enters the submarine repeater, the surge protection element operates, generating an oscillating current between the choke coil and the capacitive insulator, and the reverse current is also applied to the repeater circuit. Polar oscillating current is generated. However, the oscillating voltage and current can be attenuated by the resistance value of the semiconductive layer in contact with the capacitive insulator. It can be suppressed. In addition, by further providing a cushioning member for protecting the internal unit from vibration, it is possible to prevent vibration during transportation and installation from being directly transmitted to the elements of the repeater circuit.

In addition, by providing a semiconductive layer between the inner unit and the insulator, the semiconductive layer has an effect as a surge suppression resistor, and a resistive layer is formed between the insulating layer and the container, and these are solid. Therefore, the surge protection device can be configured with a stable structure without losing the shape of the resistance layer. In addition, by providing the semiconductive layer between the container and the insulator, the semiconductive layer has an effect as a surge suppression resistor, and a surge voltage is shared between the capacitive insulator and the semiconductive layer. The withstand voltage of the semiconductive member disposed on the container (ground) side can be reduced.

In addition, by providing a buffer member made of a semiconductive material between the container and the insulator, the buffer member made of the semiconductive material has an effect as a surge suppression resistance, and a new semiconductive layer is provided. Becomes unnecessary.

Further, by providing a buffer member between the container and the insulator and applying the semiconductive layer to the inside or outside of the buffer member, the semiconductive layer has an effect as a surge suppression resistor.

Also, by providing a buffer member between the container and the insulator and applying the semiconductive layer to the outside of the insulator, the semiconductive layer has an effect as a surge suppression resistor, and the insulator and the semiconductive layer An air layer (void) can be prevented from being generated between the gap and the air.

In addition, by providing an insulator between the container and the internal unit and integrally shaping the insulator with the semiconductive layer, the insulator integrally shaped with the semiconductive layer has an effect as a surge suppression resistor, and also has an effect. An air layer such as a crack can be prevented from being formed between the insulating layer and the semiconductive layer.

Furthermore, by adjusting the resistance and the area and thickness of the semiconductive layer, it is optimal to suppress the voltage and current generated in the repeater circuit by surge. A high resistance value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram schematically showing a main part of FIG. 1 simplified. FIG. 3 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a conventional submarine repeater.

FIG. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram schematically illustrating the internal unit of the submarine repeater shown in FIG.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1

Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a hollow container 1a and an end plate 1b that seals both ends of the container 1a constitute a housing 1 that can withstand seawater pressure. Is provided along the axis of the container 1a. Further, an insulator 3 made of polyethylene or the like is provided inside the buffer member 2, and a semiconductive layer 4 made of a semiconductive material constituting a low-resistance resistance layer is provided inside the insulator 3. . A resistor (not shown) and a choke coil (not shown) are connected to both ends of a plurality of (in this example, four) repeater circuits inside the semiconductive layer 4, and are connected in parallel with both ends. An internal unit 5 for connecting a surge protection element, Ares (not shown), is housed therein. A submarine cable 8 having an optical fiber for transmitting an optical signal and a power supply line for transmitting electric power is connected to both ends of the internal unit 5 through a field through 6 provided on the end face plate 1b. The shock-absorbing member 2 is provided so that vibration during transportation and laying is not directly transmitted to the repeater circuit element. The submarine repeater 7 is composed of the housing cushioning member 2, the insulator 3, the semiconductive layer 4, the inner unit 5, and the field through 6. Materials for forming the semiconductive layer 4 include polyolefin resin to which carbon black is added, polystyrene resin to which polypropylene is added to polyethylene, polyethylene to which rubber is added, and PET. (Polyethylene terephthalate) with carbon, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) with carbon, conductive polypropylene, conductive polyethylene, conductive rubber sheet, conductive polymer (polyacetylene-based Conductive polymer, polyphenylene-based conductive polymer, polypyrroline-based conductive polymer, polythiophene-based conductive polymer, polyaniline-based conductive polymer, conductive polymer with ionic functional group), conductive plastic In addition, carbon was added to ABS (acrylonitrile-sol-benzene, styrene) resin. And the like.

FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram schematically illustrating the internal unit 5 of the submarine repeater 7. As shown in Fig. 2, resistors Ra, Rb and choke coils La, Lb are connected in series to both ends of the repeater circuits 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d. Aresue AR, a surge protection element, is connected in parallel with the circuit You. In addition, the capacitance C is formed by the capacitive insulator 3 interposed between the internal unit 5 and the housing 1, and the resistance R of the semiconductive layer 4 in contact with the capacitance C is grounded. And connected in series.

Next, the operation will be described. The surge current generated when the submarine cable 8 is cut or an induced current due to lightning strikes the submarine cable 8 enters the submarine cable 8, and propagates through the submarine cable 8 to the submarine repeater 7 from the left side of FIG. Suppose you enter. In this case, a back electromotive force is generated in the choke coil La until the ares AR is fired, so that the current does not suddenly flow through the repeater circuits 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d. Restrained. Similarly, when a surge enters from the right side of Fig. 2, the back electromotive force is generated in the choke coil Lb, and the current should not suddenly flow through the repeater circuits 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d. Restrained. If the surge voltage exceeds the firing condition of ARES AR, the surge current will flow to the ARES AR side, so no surge current will flow through the repeater circuits 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d.

However, at this time, the charge that was charged in the capacity C by the power supply is discharged. The current caused by this discharge resonates due to the inductance of the choke coils L a and L b and the capacity of the capacity C. Therefore, the oscillating current flows into the line to which the capacity C of the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 2 is connected and into the repeater circuits 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d. The oscillating frequency of this oscillating current changes from several hundred kHz to several hundred MHz, and a rising surge of several 〃sec to several hundred nssec enters the repeater circuit as a result. However, the resistance R of the semiconducting layer 4 connected in series with the capacitor C suppresses the surge by consuming the energy due to the surge current when the surge enters, thereby suppressing the oscillation voltage and current generated in the repeater circuit. Can be done.

By making the resistance R of the semiconductive layer 4 larger than the impedance of the repeater circuit, for example, about 10 times the DC impedance (about 80 Ω) of the repeater circuit, The resistance R of the semiconductive layer 4 has the capacitive characteristics of the submarine repeater 7. The resistance is set to about 1/100 with respect to the resistance value of the insulator 3 so that the current flows, and the effect is exhibited. In order to optimize the impedance for suppressing the surge, it is possible to obtain a desired resistance value by changing the thickness and the area of the semiconductive layer 4.

By providing the semiconductive layer 4 between the inner unit 5 and the insulator 3 as described above, the semiconductive layer 4 has an effect as a surge suppression resistance, and the resistance between the insulating layer 3 and the container 1 is increased. Since the layers are formed and these are firmly configured, the surge protector can be configured with a stable structure without the shape of the resistance layer being collapsed.

Further, since a resistor R is formed in series with the capacitive insulator 3 between the power supply system and the housing 1 which is a ground potential, no current flows into these paths during DC power supply. The oscillating voltage and current generated by the surge can be suppressed without causing a power loss as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 302227.

The semiconductive layer 4 may be provided between the insulator 3 and the container 1a, and has the same effect as described above. In this case, since the semiconductive layer 4 is provided between the insulator 3 and the housing 1, the surge voltage is shared between the capacitive insulator 3 and the semiconductive layer 4, so that the container 1 a The withstand voltage of the semiconductive layer placed on the (ground) side can be reduced. Embodiment 2

FIG. 3 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 3, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding elements, and a description thereof will be omitted. In FIG. 3, a semiconductive buffer member 9 is provided along the axis of the container 1a on the inner periphery of the container 1a of the housing 1. Further, the insulator 3 is provided inside the buffer member 9, and the inner unit 5 is accommodated inside the insulator 3. The case buffer member 9, the insulator 3, the internal unit 5, and the field through 6 constitute a submarine repeater 10. The cushioning member 9 is provided so that vibration during transportation and laying is not directly transmitted to the repeater circuit element. By using a material such as 'styrene' resin to which carbon is added, the cushioning member 9 has the same effect as the surge suppression resistance as in the first embodiment, and it is not necessary to provide a new semiconductive layer. . Since the resistance value of the semiconductive buffer member 9 is set to the same value as in the first embodiment, the description is omitted. Embodiment 3.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. 4, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding elements, and a description thereof will be omitted. In FIG. 4, a metal buffer member 2 having elasticity is provided along the axis of the container 1a on the inner peripheral portion of the container 1a of the housing 1. A semiconductive layer 11 made of a semiconductive paint described later is applied to the inside of the buffer member 2. An insulator 3 is provided inside the semiconductive layer 11, and an inner unit 5 is accommodated inside the insulator 3. The case 1, the cushioning member 2, the semiconductive layer 11, the insulator 3, the inner unit 5, and the field through 6 constitute a submarine repeater 12.

As the semiconductive layer 11, water-based conductive carbon paint, water-based conductive silver paint, water-based conductive silver paint copper, solvent-based conductive silver paint, solvent-based conductive graphite paint, solvent-based conductive nickel paint, solvent-based paint Examples include conductive copper paint, solvent-based conductive silver paint copper paint, and thermosetting conductive silver paint. Since the resistance value of the semiconductive layer 11 is set to the same value as in the first embodiment, the description is omitted.

By applying the semiconductive layer 11 made of semiconductive paint to the inside of the buffer member 9 as described above, an effect can be obtained as a surge suppression resistor similar to the embodiment. Further, the semiconductive layer 11 may be provided outside the cushioning member 2, and has the same effect as above. Embodiment 4.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. 5, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding elements, and a description thereof will be omitted. In FIG. 5, a metal buffer member 2 having elasticity is provided along the axis of the container 1a on the inner peripheral portion of the container 1a of the housing 1. An insulator 3 is provided inside the buffer member 2, and a semiconductive layer 13 made of a semiconductive paint described later is applied to the outside of the insulator 3 between the buffer member 2 and the insulator 3. . The inner unit 5 is housed inside the insulator 3. The submarine repeater 14 is composed of the housing buffer member 2, the semiconductive layer 13, the insulator 3, the internal unit 5, and the field through 6.

The semiconductive layer 13 includes an aqueous conductive carbon paint, an aqueous conductive silver paint, an aqueous conductive silver plating copper, a solvent-based conductive silver paint, a solvent-based conductive graphite paint, a solvent-based conductive nickel paint, and a solvent-based paint. Conductive copper paint, solvent-based conductive silver paint copper paint, thermosetting conductive silver paint, and the like. Since the resistance value of the semiconductive layer 13 is set to the same value as in the first embodiment, the description is omitted.

By applying the semiconductive layer 13 to the outside of the insulator 3 between the cushioning member 2 and the insulator 3 as described above, the effect as a surge suppression resistance similar to that of the embodiment can be obtained, and Since an air layer (void) can be prevented from being generated between 3 and the semiconductive layer 13, it is possible to provide a submarine repeater 14 with high insulation reliability. Embodiment 5

FIG. 6 is a sectional view schematically showing a submarine repeater according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. In FIG. 6, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same or corresponding elements. Description is omitted. In FIG. 6, a metal buffer member 2 having elasticity is provided along the axis of the container 1a on the inner peripheral portion of the container 1a of the housing 1. An insulator 15 is provided inside the buffer member 2, and a conductive filler 16 made of metal particles or the like is formed inside the insulator 15 so as to surround a part or the whole of the insulator 15. A semiconductive layer is formed. An inner unit 5 is housed inside an insulator 15 having a semiconductive layer. The submarine repeater 17 is composed of the housing buffer member 2, the insulator 15 having a semiconductive layer composed of the conductive filler 16, the internal unit 5, and the field through 6.

The material of the semiconductive layer 16 made of a conductive filler made of metal particles is a resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, PTFE, or the like, and silver particles, copper particles, copper alloy particles, nickel particles, zinc oxide. Particle, tin oxide-based particles, indium oxide-based particles, and carbon particles mixed as a filler. Since the resistance value is set in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the description is omitted.

By using such a configuration, the effect as a surge suppression resistor similar to that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the insulator 15 having the semiconductive layer can be integrally formed. Since no air layer such as a crack is formed between the semiconductor layer and the semiconductive layer, it is possible to provide a submarine repeater 1 Ί with high insulation reliability. Industrial applicability

As described above, the submarine repeater according to the present invention, by providing the semiconductive layer in the submarine repeater, consumes energy due to the surge current when the surge enters, suppresses the surge, and suppresses the vibration generated in the repeater circuit. Suitable for suppressing voltage and current, for example, suitable for submarine repeaters connected to long-distance submarine cables.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A submarine repeater connected to a submarine cable,

An internal unit provided inside the hollow container along the axis of the container and having a repeater circuit, a choke coil connected to the repeater circuit, and a surge protection element;

A capacitive insulator that insulates between the container and the inner unit; and a semiconductive layer that is in contact with the insulator and forms a low-resistance resistance layer.

A submarine repeater characterized by comprising:

2. The submarine repeater according to claim 1, further comprising a buffer member that protects the internal unit from vibration.

3. The submarine repeater according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductive layer is provided between the inner unit and the insulator.

4. The submarine repeater according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductive layer is provided between the container and the insulator.

5. The submarine repeater according to claim 2, wherein a buffer member is provided between the container and the insulator, and the buffer member is made of a semiconductive material.

6. The submarine repeater according to claim 2, wherein a buffer member is provided between the container and the insulator, and a semiconductive layer is applied inside or outside the buffer member.

7. The seabed according to claim 2, wherein a buffer member is provided between the container and the insulator, and a semiconductive layer is applied outside the insulator.

8. The submarine repeater according to claim 1, wherein an insulator is provided between the container and the internal unit, and the insulator is integrally formed with the semiconductive layer.

9. The submarine repeater according to claim 1, wherein the resistance value of the semiconductive layer is adjusted by its area and thickness.